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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: The offshore shelf and canyon habitats of the OCNMS are areas of high primary productivity and biodiversity that support extensive groundfish fisheries. Recent acoustic surveys conducted in these waters have indicated the presence of hard-bottom substrates believed to harbor unique deep-sea coral and sponge assemblages. Such fauna are often associated with shallow tropical waters, however an increasing number of studies around the world have recorded them in deeper, cold-water habitats in both northern and southern latitudes. These habitats are of tremendous value as sites of recruitment for commercially important fishes. Yet, ironically, studies have shown how the gear used in offshore demersal fishing, as well as other commercial operations on the seafloor, can cause severe physical disturbances to resident benthic fauna. Due to their exposed structure, slow growth and recruitment rates, and long life spans, deep-sea corals and sponges may be especially vulnerable to such disturbances, requiring very long periods to recover. Potential effects of fishing and other commercial operations in such critical habitats, and the need to define appropriate strategies for the protection of these resources, have been identified as a high-priority management issue for the sanctuary.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 13
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    NOAA/National Ocean Service | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14608 | 403 | 2014-02-20 18:07:42 | 14608 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: The Southern Florida Shallow-water Coral Ecosystem Mapping Implementation Plan (MIP) discusses the need to produce shallow-water (~0-40 m; 0-22 fm) benthic habitat and bathymetric maps of critical areas in southern Florida and moderate-depth (~40-200 m; 22 -109 fm) bathymetric maps for all of Florida. The ~0-40 m depth regime generally represents where most hermatypic coral species are found and where most direct impacts from pollution and coastal development occur. The plan was developed with extensive input from over 90 representatives of state regulatory and management agencies, federal agencies, universities, and non-governmental organizations involved in the conservation and management of Florida’s coral ecosystems. Southern Florida’s coral ecosystems are extensive. They extend from the Dry Tortugas in the Florida Keys as far north as St Lucie Inlet on the Atlantic Ocean coast and Tarpon Springs on the Gulf of Mexico coast. Using 10 fm (18 m) depth curves on nautical charts as a guide, southern Florida has as much as 84 percent (30,801 sq km) of 36,812 sq km of potential shallow-water (〈10 fm; 〈18 m) coral ecosystems the tropical and subtropical U.S. Moreover, southern Florida’s coral ecosystems contribute greatly to the regional economy. Coral ecosystem-related expenditures generated $4.4 billion in sales, income, and employment and created over 70,000 full-time and part-time jobs in the region during the recent 12-month periods when surveys were conducted.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 39
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    NOAA/National Ocean Service | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14612 | 403 | 2014-02-20 21:49:50 | 14612 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: Reef fishes are conspicuous and essential components of coral reef ecosystems and economies of southern Florida and the United States Virgin Islands (USVI). Throughout Florida and the USVI, reef fish are under threat from a variety of anthropogenic and natural stressors including overfishing, habitat loss, and environmental changes.The South Florida/Caribbean Network (SFCN), a unit of the National Park Service (NPS), is charged with monitoring reef fishes, among other natural and cultural resources, within six parks in the South Florida - Caribbean region (Biscayne National Park, BISC; Buck Island Reef National Monument, BUIS; Dry Tortugas National Park, DRTO; Everglades National Park, EVER; Salt River Bay National Historic Park and Ecological Preserve, SARI; Virgin Islands National Park, VIIS). Monitoring data is intended for park managers who are and will continue to be asked to make decisions to balance environmental protection, fishery sustainability and park use by visitors. The range and complexity of the issues outlined above, and the need for NPS to invest in a strategy of monitoring, modeling, and management to ensure the sustainability of its precious assets, will require strategic investment in long-term, high-precision, multispecies reef fish data that increases inherent system knowledge and reduces uncertainty.The goal of this guide is to provide the framework for park managers and researchers to create or enhance a reef fish monitoring program within areas monitored by the SFCN. The framework is expected to be applicable to other areas as well, including the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument. The favored approach is characterized by an iterative process of data collection, dataset integration, sampling design analysis, and population and community assessment that evaluates resource risks associated with management policies. Using this model, a monitoring program can adapt its survey methods to increase accuracy and precision of survey estimates as new information becomes available, and adapt to the evolving needs and broadening responsibilities of park management.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 167
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    NOAA/National Ocean Service | Charleston, SC
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14611 | 403 | 2014-02-20 21:40:04 | 14611 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: The spatial and temporal occurrence of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the coastal and estuarine waters near Charleston, SC were evaluated. Sighting and photographic data from photo-identification (ID), remote biopsy, capture-release and radio-tracking studies, conducted from 1994 through 2003, were analyzed in order to further delineate residence patterns of Charleston area bottlenose dolphins. Data from 250 photo-ID, 106 remote biopsy, 15 capture-release and 83 radio-tracking surveys were collected in the Stono River Estuary (n = 247), Charleston Harbor (n = 86), North Edisto River (n = 54), Intracoastal Waterway (n = 26) and the coastal waters north and south of Charleston Harbor (n = 41). Coverage for all survey types was spatially and temporally variable, and in the case of biopsy, capture-release and radio-tracking surveys, data analyzed in this report were collected incidental to other research. Eight-hundred and thirty-nine individuals were photographically identified during the study period. One-hundred and fifteen (13.7%) of the 839 photographically identified individuals were sighted between 11-40 times, evidence of consistent occurrence in the Charleston area (i.e., site fidelity). Adjusted sighting proportions (ASP), which reflect an individual’s sighting frequency in a subarea relative to other subareas after adjusting for survey effort, were analyzed in order to evaluate dolphin spatial occurrence. Forty-three percent (n = 139) of dolphins that qualified for ASP analyses exhibited a strong subarea affiliationwhile the remaining 57% (n = 187) showed no strong subarea preference. Group size data were derived from field estimates of 2,342 dolphin groups encountered in the five Charleston subareas. Group size appeared positively correlated with degree of “openness” of the body of water where dolphins were encountered; and for sightings along the coast, group size was larger during summer months. This study provides valuable information on the complex nature of bottlenose dolphin spatial and temporal occurrence near Charleston, SC. In addition, it helps us to better understand the stock structure of dolphins along the Atlantic seaboard.
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 243
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    NOAA/National Ocean Service | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14616 | 403 | 2014-02-20 22:17:15 | 14616 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: The National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is interested in developing a project to determine the health of estuaries based on the stated or desired uses of society. An estuarine use assessment could complement the National Coastal Assessment, which tracks coastal and estuarine health through a series of environmental indicators. These indicators are used to assign a “score” to each coastal region, with some indicators reflecting the ability of the region to support desired uses such as fishing and swimming. An estuarine use assessment could also provide valuable information to resource managers and other decision-makers as they face decisions about the optimal and most sustainable mix of activities in an estuary.An initial step of an estuarine use assessment would be to define and quantify the desired societal uses of the estuary. Society includes residents living near the estuary or industries relying on the estuary, seasonal residents and tourists that use the estuary on a more limited basis, and the public at-large that may use or value the estuary indirectly. The desired uses may include discrete, visible uses such as swimming, recreational or commercial fishing, and navigation. They also may extend to broader, more intangible uses such as maintaining ecological functions or aesthetic appeal. National legislation such as the Estuary Restoration Act, which promotes and funds the restoration of estuaries in the U.S., reflects the public’s desire for estuaries to retain their ecological structures and functions.This report summarizes a project carried out in 2003 that attempted to quantify the desired human uses of a specific estuary in Maine and to determine current measures of success used by coastal managers in Maine to track the ability of the estuary to support desired uses. Casco Bay was chosen as the spatial embayment for which to delineate uses, and nutrient enrichment was selected as the parameter for confirming assumptions about current measures of outcomes related to uses. The report highlights some of the challenges to completing an estuarine use assessment and offers general recommendations for addressing these challenges.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 11
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    NOAA/National Ocean Service | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14614 | 403 | 2014-02-20 22:12:24 | 14614 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: The assessment of emerging risks in the aquatic environment is a major concern and focus of environmental science (Daughton and Ternes, 1999). One significant class of chemicals that has received relatively little attention until recently are the human use pharmaceuticals. In 2004, an estimated 2.6 billion prescriptions were written for the top 300 pharmaceuticals in the U.S. (RxList, 2005). Mellon et al. (2001) estimated that 1.4 million kg of antimicrobials are used in human medicine every year. The use of pharmaceuticals is also estimated to be on par with agrochemicals (Daughton and Ternes, 1999). Unlike agrochemicals (e.g., pesticides) which tend to be delivered to the environment in seasonal pulses, pharmaceuticals are continuously released through the use/excretion and disposal of these chemicals, which may produce the same exposure potential as truly persistent pollutants. Human use pharmaceuticals can enter the aquatic environment through a number of pathways, although the main one is thought to be via ingestion and subsequent excretion byhumans (Thomas and Hilton, 2004). Unused pharmaceuticals are typically flushed down the drain or wind up in landfills (Jones et al. 2001).
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management ; Pollution
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 21
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    NOAA/National Ocean Service | Charleston, SC
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14618 | 403 | 2014-02-21 21:41:50 | 14618 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: This CD contains summary data of bottlenose dolphins stranded in South Carolina using a Geographical Information System (GIS) and contains two published manuscripts in .pdf files. The intent of this CD is to provide data on bottlenose dolphin strandings in South Carolina to marine mammal researchers and managers.This CD is an accumulation of 14 years of stranding data collected through the collaborations of the National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research (CCEHBR), the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, and numerous volunteers and veterinarians that comprised the South Carolina Marine Mammal Stranding Network.Spatial and temporal information can be visually represented on maps using GIS. For this CD, maps were created to show relationships of stranding densities with land use, human population density, human interaction with dolphins, high geographical regions of live strandings, and seasonal changes. Point maps were also created to show individual strandings within South Carolina.In summary, spatial analysis revealed higher densities of bottlenose dolphin strandings in Charleston and Beaufort Counties, which consist of urban land with agricultural input. This trend was positively correlated with higher human population levels in these coastal counties as compared with other coastal counties. However, spatial analysis revealed that certain areas within a county may have low human population levels but high stranding density, suggesting that the level of effort to respond to strandings is not necessarily positively correlated with the density of strandings in South Carolina.Temporal analysis revealed a significantly higher density of bottlenose dolphin strandings in the northern portion of the State in the fall, mostly due to an increase of neonate strandings. On a finer geographic scale, seasonal stranding densities may fluctuate depending on the region of interest.Charleston Harbor had the highest density of live bottlenose dolphin strandings compared to the rest of the State. This was due in large part to the number of live dolphin entanglements in the crab pot fishery, the largest source of fishery-related mortality for bottlenose dolphins in South Carolina (Burdett and McFee 2004). Spatial density calculations also revealed that Charleston and Beaufort accounted for the majority of dolphins that were involved with human activities.1
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 12
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    NOAA/National Ocean Service | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14610 | 403 | 2014-02-20 21:33:38 | 14610 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management ; Pollution
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 17
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    NOAA/National Ocean Service | Charleston, SC
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14622 | 403 | 2014-02-21 21:38:49 | 14622 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: In 1999, the Chesapeake Bay Program completed a survey of existing data on chemical contaminants and the potential for bioeffects in 38 tidal river systems of Chesapeake Bay.This review led to the identification of 20 areas for which there were insufficient data to adequately characterize the potential for contaminant bioeffects on the Bay’s livingresources. The goal of the present study was to estimate the current status of ecological condition in five of these areas and thus help to complete the overall toxics inventory for the Bay. These five systems included the Chester River, Nanticoke River, Pocomoke River, Lower Mobjack Bay (Poquosin and Back Rivers) and the South and Rhode Rivers. This study utilized a Sediment Quality Triad (SQT) approach in combination with additional water-column contaminant analysis to allow for a “weight of evidence”assessment of environmental condition. A total of 60 stations distributed among the five systems, using a probabilistic stratified random design, were sampled during the summer of 2004 to allow for synoptic measures of sediment contamination, sediment toxicity, and benthic condition. Upon completion of all analyses, stations were assigned to one of four categories based on the three legs of the triad. Stations with high sediment quality had nohits on any of the three legs of the triad; those with moderate quality had one hit; those with marginal quality had two hits; and those with poor quality had hits for all three legs of the triad. The Pocomoke River had by far the largest proportion of the total area (97.5%) classified as having high sediment quality, while the Rhode/South system had the highest proportion (11.4%) classified as poor. None of the stations in the Chester River, Nanticoke River, and Lower Mobjack Bay systems were classified as poor. Morethan 65% of the area of each of the five systems was classified with high to moderate sediment quality. The Rhode/South system had 30.4% of total area classified withmarginally to severely poor quality. The results of this study highlight the importance of using multiple indicators and a “weight of evidence” approach to characterizeenvironmental quality and the potential bioeffects of toxic contaminants.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management ; Pollution
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 80
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    NOAA/National Ocean Service | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  Suzanne.Bricker@noaa.gov | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14631 | 403 | 2014-02-21 20:01:27 | 14631 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: Study Goals and Objectives: 1) Improve existing nutrient-related eutrophication assessment methods, updating (from early 1990s to early 2000s) the eutrophication assessment for systems included in the study with the improved method.2) Develop a human-use/socioeconomic indicator to complement the assessment indicator. The human-use indicator was developed to evaluate costs of nutrient-related degradation in coastal waters and to put the issue into a broader context relevant to the interested public and legislators as well as to scientists.3) Project objectives included collecting existing water quality data, developing an accessible database appropriate for application to a national study, and applying the assessment methods to 14 coastal systems – nine systems north of Cape Cod and five systems south. The geographical distribution of systems was used to examine potential regional differences in condition.4) The intent is to use the lessons learned in this pilot study on a national scale to guide completion of an update of the 1999 National Estuarine Eutrophication Assessment.
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 81
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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