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  • Artikel  (21)
  • ultrasonics  (15)
  • nondestructive evaluation  (4)
  • ultrasonic scattering  (3)
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (21)
  • 1975-1979
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  • Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik  (21)
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  • Artikel  (21)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 2 (1981), S. 57-63 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): ultrasonics ; correlation ; pseudorandom codes ; random signals ; NDE
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A new portable digital random signal flaw detection system is described which uses a digital delay line to replace the acoustic delay line of the original random signal system. Using this new system, a comparison was made between the two types of transmit signals which have been used in previous systems—m-sequences and random signals. This comparison has not been possible with these previous correlation flaw detection systems. Results indicated that for high-speed short code operation, the m-sequences produced slightly lower range sidelobes than typical samples of a clipped random signal. For normal long code operation, results indicated that system performance is essentially equivalent in resolution and signal-to-noise ratio using either m-sequences or clipped and sampled random signals. Further results also showed that for normal long code operation, the system produces outputs equivalent in resolution to pulse-echo systems, but with the added benefit of signal-to-noise ratio enhancement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 2 (1981), S. 125-132 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): Elastic strain ; plastic strain ; optical correlation ; nondestructive evaluation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The application of optical correlation measurements to evaluating elastic strain and plastic strain in metals is discussed in this paper. A selected area of the metal surface is illuminated by coherent light. The optical correlation intensity is then measured by transmitting light scattered from the surface through a holographic filter, in which information about the topography of the surface at an earlier time is stored. Changes in surface topography arising from rigid-body displacement, elastic strain, or plastic strain, respectively, cause corresponding changes in optical correlation intensity. Correlation changes arising from surface translation or rotation can be compensated for. An analysis of the process of holographic reconstruction from an elastically strained surface gives good agreement with the experimental results. The correlation technique is sensitive to elastic strains of the order of 10−5 and to monotonic plastic strains of the order of 10−4; the change in correlation intensity is essentially linear with increasing plastic strain, up to a maximum strain of about 10−3.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 2 (1981), S. 203-207 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): ultrasonics ; synthetic aperture ; spatial frequency ; interior imaging ; acoustic microscopy ; defect detection ; NDE
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A new acoustic synthetic aperture geometry is demonstrated in which the image field is sampled in the spatial frequency domain. This means the sampled field is recorded in a particularly convenient form for presentation to the back propagation algorithms used to reconstruct the field at the object plane. The method has applications in interior visualization. It is difficult to image the interior of solid objects using lens based imaging systems because a different lens geometry must be used for each distinct object material. The system presented here overcomes such problems since both the angular variation of the transmission coefficient at the object-water interface and the aberrations introduced by the velocity mismatch at the object surface may be readily compensated for in the back propagation routine. Experimental results are presented illustrating the detection of four half wavelength diameter defects, spaced by three wavelengths, at a depth of eight wavelengths below the surface of an aluminum block.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 3 (1982), S. 55-63 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): ultrasonics ; Rayleigh waves ; subsurface defects ; NDE
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract An ultrasonic inspection method is used to obtain the circumference of a subsurface hole and the depth of the hole below the surface. A pitch-catch Rayleigh wave transducer set-up was used to launch a Rayleigh surface wave at the flaw and to capture and record the scattered waves. The frequency spectrum of the scattered waves can be used to obtain the depth of the hole. The ligament of material between the hole and the surface is sent into resonance, and this feature can be extracted from the scattered waves' frequency spectrum. The frequency is a function of the ligament length; thus the hole depth can be obtained. The circumference of the hole is found from a time of flight measurement. A Rayleigh wave is formed that travels around the hole's surface. The length of time required for the wave to travel around the hole is a measure of the circumference.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 4 (1984), S. 13-21 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): thermography ; nondestructive evaluation ; flaw detection ; liquid crystals
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The efficacy of passive thermography as a nondestructive evaluation technique for detection of voids and interlaminar flaws in steel-polypropylene laminates was investigated. Both analytical and experimental studies were conducted to assess the flaw resolution characteristics of the technique and to determine the effects of pertinent geometric and thermal parameters on resolution. The implications of the analytical and experimental results from the parametric studies are discussed in terms of their effects on flaw resolution and test technique optimization for development of on-line NDE for quality control monitoring.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 4 (1984), S. 177-196 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): Interfaces ; ultrasonics ; partial contact ; quasi-static
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A quasi-static model for the ultrasonic transmission and reflection at imperfect interfaces is developed. The interface is represented by a distributed spring, determined by the change in static compliance of the medium with respect to one with a perfect interface, and a distributed mass, representing excess mass at the interface. Comparison of the model predictions to exact solutions for two simple cases illustrates its accuracy at low frequencies. The spring stiffnesses can be derived from existing solutions for the elastic displacement of materials containing cracks and inclusions under static load. Results for a variety of cases are reviewed. Applications of the model to study the characteristics of partially contacting surfaces in several problem areas of current interest are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 2 (1981), S. 161-172 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): elastodynamic inverse scattering ; ultrasonics ; data reduction ; ill-posed problems ; NDE
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The practical significance of ill-posedness in a data reduction problem is reviewed. Inverse elastodynamic scattering is shown to be ill-posed in general, although suitably restricted problems may be well-posed. These results underscore the need to analyze carefully the errors of data reduction problems in NDE, and to focus attention on final results of an NDE exercise, rather than on intermediate steps.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 2 (1981), S. 153-159 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): ultrasonics ; scattering ; cracks ; periodic surface perturbation ; NDE
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The scattering of a plane longitudinal wave from a two-dimensional crack, with a sinusoidal surface perturbation whose amplitude and wavelength are much smaller than the length of the crack, is investigated. The amplitude of the cylindrical body waves in the far field are calculated from a Kirchhoff approximation that utilizes the solution to the reflection from the sinusoidal surface profile of a semiinfinite solid. The results are compared to those for a flat crack, and conditions for significant differences of the amplitude as a function of the angle of observation are discussed. Characteristic changes in the scattered field produced by profiles with different amplitudes and periods are explained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 2 (1981), S. 231-239 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): Rayleigh waves ; Ge and Al surfaces ; high frequency ultrasonic surface waves ; nondestructive evaluation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Techniques for propagating Rayleigh waves with frequencies varying from 〈1 to 270 MHz were developed for the purpose of nondestructive evaluation of composition or defect gradients near the surface of nonpiezoelectric solids. The surface waves with frequencies greater than 15 MHz were obtained from a novel technique using single crystal wedges, whereas the low frequency waves were produced by a previously used high voltage impulse. Measurements of Rayleigh wave velocities on single crystals of Ge and Al were performed as a test of accuracy and precision and are compared with calculated values.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 3 (1982), S. 45-53 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): Born approximation ; ultrasonic scattering ; NDE ; time domain
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The time domain Born approximation for ultrasonic scattering from volume flaws in an elastic medium is described. Results are given both for the direct and the inverse problem. The time domain picture leads to simple intuitive formulas, which we illustrate by means of several simple examples. Particular emphasis is given to the front surface echo and its use in reconstructing the properties of the flaw.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 1 (1980), S. 21-36 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): ultrasonics ; surface defects ; defect depth ; deconvolution ; correlation ; NDE
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In previous work by the authors,(1,6) it was demonstrated that the presence of near-surface defects could be detected reliably, even though the defect echo was contained within the near-surface echo. The algorithm consists of examining the variation in the composite (near-surface plus defect) response after it has been deconvolved from a near-surface response known to be defect-free. This paper presents two algorithms that have been developed subsequent to the work presented in ref. (6) for estimating thedepth of a near-surface defect, given that its presence has already been detected. One algorithm uses complex frequency domain techniques, and the other uses time domain analysis. Both procedures operate on the surface-plus-defect signal, using reference signals containing surface-only and defect-only responses. The defect signal is extracted from the composite signal. Defect depth is then computed from the time difference between the centers of the front-surface and extracted defect responses. A mean absolute depth error of 0.015 in. was obtained by applying the algorithms to experimental data containing depths from 0.020 to 0.130 in. below the near-surface.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 1 (1980), S. 37-52 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): failure prediction ; accept/reject decisions ; ceramic materials ; ultrasonics ; fracture ; probabilistic model ; NDE
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A general probabilistic method for reaching accept/reject decisions and failure prediction based on nondestructive evaluation procedures is described. The method is illustrated for ceramic materials that fail by the activation of microcracks located at void surfaces. The inspection procedure used for the analysis is the long wavelength ultrasonic method. The analysis indicates influences on the decision level and on the false-reject probability of variations in the signal-to-noise ratio and in the preexistent void population. The ultrasonic inspection is shown to exert a relatively minor influence on the false-reject probability, even for low signal-to-noise ratios, low stresses, and a widely dispersed void population, because of the intrinsic variability of the selected failure process. More encouraging results concerning the utility of NDE are anticipated to apply to other failure mechanisms in ceramics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 1 (1980), S. 87-99 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): ultrasonics ; diffraction ; cracks ; titanium ; spectrum analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Analytical solutions to the diffraction of elastic waves by elliptical cracks in titanium are compared with experimental results. The analysis is based on physical elastodynamic theory and is valid forka≫1 and in the far field. A digitized ultrasonic spectrum analysis system is used to measure the frequency components of broadband waves diffracted from elliptical cracks with aspect ratios (ratio of major to minor axes) ranging from 1 to 8. The amplitude spectra show good agreement between experiment and theory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): Residual Stress ; ultrasonics ; metals ; EMATs ; NDE
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract An approach is proposed for obtaining separate measures of stress anisotropy and texture in metal sheet or plate. The approach is based on the propagation characteristics ofSH n modes of ultrasonic waves. Experimental work has established that differences betweenSH 0 modes with orthogonal directions of propagation provide a measure of stress anisotropy that is insensitive to texture, with the restriction that the pseudosymmetry of the polycrystalline matrix of the sheet or plate is orthorhombic or higher. In the present work, it is argued that the differences between elastic constants associated with orthogonal directions of propagation of higher order modes should provide a meaningful measure of texture. The only requirement is that the texture be sufficiently well developed so that the following inequality is obeyed: ∣C′44−C′55∣〉0.002 $$\bar C$$ with $$\bar C$$ =1/2 (C′44+C′55). HereC′44 andC′55 are the effective shear moduli for planes normal to the sheet or plate surface and at right angles to each other. They are measurable by observing the differences between the phase velocities of theSH 0 and theSH n〉0 modes in the principal directions. By using Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs), the phase velocities can be deduced from the frequencies at which an SH mode of fixed wavelength is optimally excited. This approach has the advantage of being independent of specimen geometry and dimensions other than thickness.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 3 (1982), S. 155-173 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): elastic waves ; electromagnetic transducers ; nondestructive evaluation ; ultrasonic transducers ; ultrasonic scattering ; ultrasonic waves ; wave phenomena
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The practical implementation of alternative acceptance criteria for pipeline girth welds requires the use of inspection tools capable of determining the principal dimensions and positions of planar flaws. A new ultrasonic inspection method is described that permits complete volumetric inspection of the girth welds. The new system uses noncontacting electromagnetic-acoustic transducers (EMATs) that operate at low ultrasonic frequencies (454 kHz). Theoretical models of the measurements are developed and verified experimentally. In addition, practical performance limits of the new system are established in terms of minimum flaw sizes that can be detected. The results are related to accept-reject curves based on a model of the failure processes. An inspection protocol for field applications is also described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 3 (1982), S. 229-239 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): Crack-opening displacement ; crack closure ; ultrasonics ; Kirchoff approximation ; NDE
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The interaction between rough crack faces is modeled by nonlinear relations between the crack-face tractions and the crack-opening displacements. These relations account for crack closure and for the related resistance to crack-face sliding. The relations are used to investigate reflection and transmission of an incident pulse by an infinite flaw plane. The problem statement is reduced to a set of inhomogeneous nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the displacement discontinuities, [u] and [v], across the flaw plane. These equations have been solved numerically. The reflection and transmission of an incident pulse by a crack with interacting crack faces. Both incident longitudinal and transverse waves have been considered. The loss of specular reflection as compared to a perfect (traction-free) crack is exhibited by specific examples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 4 (1984), S. 43-50 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): Acousto-optic ; light diffraction ; ultrasonics ; phase measurements ; NDE
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract An alternative method for nondestructive testing based on light diffraction by ultrasonic waves is presented. It enables us to make more accurate measurements of intensity and phase of reflected waves, and therefore detailed information about the reflecting system can be obtained. Applications are numerous but special attention is payed to examination of the quality of coupling systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 4 (1984), S. 65-73 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): ultrasonic scattering ; photoelastic visualization ; cylindrical cavities ; creeping wave ; cracks ; NDE
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Our efforts in the past few years to visualize the scattering of ultrasound in solids by the photoelastic technique are briefly reviewed. Photoelastic photographs are presented showing the dynamic processes of scattering in glass of plane longitudinal or transverse waves by a cylindrical cavity or cavities as well as by two-dimensional surface-breaking or internal cracks. Phenomena like creeping and multiple scattering are clearly seen, in addition to some details which are not predicted by known theories.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 4 (1984), S. 107-123 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): ultrasonics ; transducers ; focusing ; refractior ; NDE
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A scalar theory of the propagation of Gaussian ultrasonic beams through lenses and interfaces is presented. For radiation into a fluid, the Fresnel approximation is employed to derive the laws of propagation of Guassian beams (previously employed in the analysis of coherent optical systems). These are then generalized to situations commonly found in nondestructive evaluation by treating the effects of propagation through lenses and through curved interfaces at oblique incidence. A numerical example illustrates the ease with which insight into diffraction phenomena for complex geometries can be gained by this approach. The limitations imposed on the theory by aberrations and the scalar assumption are discussed, and the relationship of the Gaussian theory to the radiation of piston transducers is explored.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 2 (1981), S. 173-188 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): ultrasonics ; acoustic imaging ; computer image analysis ; failure prediction ; inhomogeneous materials ; accept/reject criteria ; NDE
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A computerized technique is presented which has been developed for analyzing acoustic images of an inhomogeneous material. The acoustic imaging system is briefly described with emphasis on its adaptation to billets of graphite for atmospheric reentry body use. Ultrasonic images of such inhomogeneous material contain a nonuniform distribution of anomalies and few, if any, geometrically regular features which can be assessed to establish material integrity. Results obtained with our new algorithms show, for certain discriminants, a high degree of correlation between the numerical accept/reject values obtained from acoustic image processing and the time-to-failure of the graphitic material in simulated atmospheric reentry tests.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 1 (1980), S. 123-136 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): fatigue life ; acoustic surface waves ; NDE ; ultrasonics ; cracks
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The present studies concentrated on predicting the remaining fatigue life for single fatigue cracks in the Paris regime of macrocrack propagation. Acoustic surface waves were used to interrogate the crack during cyclic fatigue. The inversion of the obtained scattering data provided crack depth and crack length as a function of the number of cycles applied in tension-tension fatigue. Auxiliary experiments were conducted to study the acoustic response of the crack to tensile and compressive loads, thought to open and close the crack. The technique may allow for new insights into the physics of the “crack closure” effect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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