ALBERT

Beschreibung: Questo studio nasce da una ricerca iniziata dapprima dall’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia poi proseguita in un progetto multidisciplinare finanziato dal Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche, L'obiettivo è stato di tentare una ricostruzione delle deformazioni verticali della crosta terrestre e delle oscillazioni eustatiche del livello del mare avvenute durante il tardo Olocene (2000/3000 anni B.P.), mediante indagini multidisciplinari scientifico-umanistiche su siti archeologici posti lungo le coste del Mediterraneo. E’ noto che gli antichi livelli del mare siano rappresentati su gran parte delle coste della Terra da elementi geomorfologici relativi alle sue fasi di stazionamento durante i periodi interglaciali . Le linee di costa pleistoceniche sono spesso dislocate a varie quote e in modo differenziale, fornendo quindi indicazioni sull’eustatismo e sulla attività tettonica . In Italia ciò è evidente lungo tutte le coste e in particolare in Calabria meridionale, zona tra le più sismiche del Mediterraneo. Nel breve termine dalle strutture archeologiche osservabili è possibile desumere sia l’antico livello medio del mare che le deformazioni verticali subite dalla crosta terrestre nelle aree indagate. I primi tentativi di questi studi vennero proposti a partire dagli anni ’70, in aree archeologiche costiere prevalentemente di epoca romana, alle quali venne riconosciuto un ruolo fondamentale per la valutazione della risalita del mare nel tardo Olocene discostandosi anche di alcuni metri dall’attuale livello medio del Mediterraneo. Questo studio è stato perseguito utilizzando metodi multidisciplinari integrando le osservazioni altimetriche desunte dai rilievi archeologici con quelle delle Scienze della Terra che caratterizzano l’ambiente dove risiede l’area archeologica indagata. I dati archeologici sono stati compenetrati con dati geofisici, geodetici, mareografici, geologici e geomorfologici di nuova realizzazione .

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 115-126

Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra

Beschreibung: reserved

Beschreibung: Volcanoes represent an important natural source of several trace elements to the atmosphere. For some species (e.g., As, Cd, Pb and Se) they may be the main natural source and thereby strongly influencing geochemical cycles from the local to the global scale. Mount Etna is one of the most actively degassing volcanoes in the world, and it is considered to be, on the long-term average, the major atmospheric point source of many environmental harmful compounds. Their emission occurs either through continuous passive degassing from open-conduit activity or through sporadic paroxysmal eruptive activity, in the form of gases, aerosols or particulate. To estimate the environmental impact of magma-derived trace metals and their depositions processes, rainwater and snow samples were collected at Mount Etna area. Five bulk collectors have been deployed at various altitudes on the upper flanks around the summit craters of the volcano; samples were collected every two week for a period of one year and analyzed for the main chemical-physical parameters (electric conductivity and pH) and for major and trace elements concentrations. Chemical analysis of rainwater clearly shows that the volcanic contribution is always prevailing in the sampling site closest to the summit crater (about 1.5 km). In the distal sites (5.5-10 km from the summit) and downwind of the summit craters, the volcanic contribution is also detectable but often overwhelmed by anthropogenic or other natural (seawater spray, geogenic dust) contributions. Volcanic contribution may derive from both dry and wet deposition of gases and aerosols from the volcanic plume, but sometimes also from leaching of freshly emitted volcanic ashes. In fact, in our background site (7.5 km in the upwind direction) volcanic contribution has been detected only following an ash deposition event. About 30 samples of fresh snow were collected in the upper part of the volcano, during the winters 2006 and 2007 to estimate deposition processes at high altitude during cold periods. Some of the samples were collected immediately after a major explosive event from the summit craters to understand the interaction between snow and fresh erupted ash. Sulphur, Chlorine and Fluorine, are the major elements that prevailingly characterize the volcanic contribution in atmospheric precipitation on Mount Etna, but high concentrations of many trace elements are also detected in the studied samples. In particular, bulk deposition samples display high concentration of Al, Fe, Ti, Cu, As, Rb, Pb, Tl, Cd, Cr, U and Ag, in the site most exposed to the volcanic emissions: median concentration values are about two orders of magnitude higher than those measured in our background site. Also in the snow samples the volcanic signature is clearly detectable and decreases with distance from the summit craters. Some of the analysed elements display very high enrichment values with respect to the average crust and, in the closest site to the summit craters, also deposition values higher than those measured in polluted urban or industrial sites.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: Vienna, Austria

Beschreibung: 4.5. Degassamento naturale

Beschreibung: open

Beschreibung: During the 2007-2008 antarctic campaign, the Italian PNRA installed a Low Power Magnetometer within the framework of the AIMNet (Antarctic International Magnetometer Network) project, proposed and coordinated by BAS. The magnetometer is situated at Talos Dome, around 300 km geographically North-West from Mario Zucchelli Station (MZS), and approximately at the same geomagnetic latitude as MZS. In this work we present a preliminary analysis of the geomagnetic field 1-min data, and a comparison with simultaneous data from different Antarctic stations.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: Vienna, Austria

Beschreibung: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo

Beschreibung: open