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  • Articles  (171)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 93-102 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Vitamin A-Status ; polyhalogenierte aromatischeKohlenwasserstoffe ; Metabolismus ; polareRetinoide ; vitamin A status ; polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons ; metabolism ; polar retinoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ausreichende Vitamin-A-Speicher und -Gewebslevel werden durch ein Gleichgewicht von Nachfrage der Gewebe nach Vitamin A und der Vitamin-A-Aufnahme durch die Nahrung aufrechterhalten und durch viele Faktoren beeinflußt. Es ist hinreichend bekannt, daß polyhalogenierte aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PHAH) die Vitamin-A-Speicher der Leber erniedrigen. Neuere Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, daß die Erniedrigung der Vitamin-A-Leberspeicher von einem Anstieg des Vitamin-A-Gehaltes in Serum und Niere sowie von einer erhöhten Abgabe von Vitamin-A-Metaboliten in Urin und Fäzes begleitet sind. Die Untersuchung der Vitamin-A-Verteilung in verschiedenen Geweben zeigte, daß die Zufuhr von PHAH zu einem verstärkten Auftreten polarer Vitamin-A-Metaboliten führt. Es ist wahrscheinlich, daß die PHAH Enzyme beeinflussen, die entscheidend für die Regulation von Vitamin-A-Speichern sowie der Aktivität von für den Vitamin-A-Stoffwechsel wichtigen Enzymen sind.
    Notes: Summary Adequate stores and adequate tissue levels of vitamin A are maintained by a balance of tissue demands and dietary intake of the vitamin and are modified by many factors, including xenobiotics. It is well established that exposure to polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAH) decreases hepatic content of vitamin A. Recent findings indicate that hepatic depletion of vitamin A is accompanied by an increase in serum and renal vitamin A content and enhanced excretion of vitamin A metabolites in urine and feces. Examination of tissue retinoid profiles reveals that PHAH exposure causes the generation of increased amounts of polar retinoids. It is very likely that PHAH affect enzymes crucial for regulation of vitamin A storage as well as enhance activities of specific enzymes in vitamin A metabolic pathway.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 309-310 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Uterus ; glucose ; metabolism ; ovary ; neonatal ; sex steroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Estrogen secretion during infancy may selectively enhance the phosphogluconate oxidative pathway in the rat uterus, for altered estrogen-stimulated glucose oxidation prepubertally is correlated (+0.91) with impaired ovarian development and not uterine estrogen receptor content.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: linoleic acid ; arachidonic acid ; metabolism ; essential fatty acids ; formula diets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Dietary linoleic acid enrichment in different plasma lipids was investigated in six healthy females. They were given formula diets (FD) containing no arachidonic acid, and providing a linoleic acid supply of 0% (FD0), 4% (FD4) or 20% (FD20) of total energy intake. At the end of each two weeks FD period fatty acid distribution was determined in cholesterol esters (CE) and in lecithin of LDL and HDL. The increase of linoleic acid in CE was twice that found in the lecithin of LDL and HDL. Comparing FD0 and FD20 the increase of linoleic acid in CE of LDL and HDL was 34%, and in lecithin 15%. Simultaneously oleic acid was lowered in CE (−17%) and in lecithin (−8%) of LDL and HDL. Comparing FD0 and FD20 arachidonic acid, which derives from linoleic acid, was lowered with increased linoleic acid intake in LDL-CE (−5%) and in HDL-lecithin (−8%), while no effect was found in LDL-lecithin. Our results demonstrate that dietary linoleic acid enrichment occurs preferentially in CE of LDL and HDL, but does not lead to an increase of arachidonic acid in plasma lipids. However, a decrease was found for arachidonic acid in HDL-lecithin, while in LDL-lecithin no effect could be observed. From this it is concluded that incorporation and metabolism of linoleic acid in different plasma lipids is not identical, although lipid exchange and lipid transfer have been shown for most lipoprotein fractions.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Anreicherung der Linolsäure in funktionell unterschiedlichen Plasmalipiden wurde untersucht. Sechs gesunde weibliche Versuchspersonen erhielten über jeweils zwei Wochen Formeldiäten (FD), die keine Arachidonsäure enthielten und eine tägliche Linolsäurezufuhr von 0% (FD0), 4% (FD4) oder 20% (FD20) der Nahrungsenergie erlaubten. Am Ende jeder Formeldiätperiode wurden die Fettsäuren in den Cholesterinestern (CE) und im Lecithin der HDL und LDL gemessen. Die Zunahme der Linolsäure war in den Cholesterinestern doppelt so hoch wie im Lecithin der LDL oder HDL. Beim Vergleich der FD0 mit FD20 fand sich eine Zunahme der Linolsäureanteile in den CE um 34%, dagegen im Lecithin der LDL und HDL nur um 15%. Die Ölsäure nahm unter diesen Vesuchsbedingungen ab, in den CE im Mittel um 17% und im Lecithin der LDL und HDL um 8%. Die aus Linolsäure gebildete Arachidonsäure nahm beim Vergleich der FD0 mit FD20 in den CE der LDL (−5%) und im Lecithin der HDL (−8%) ab, während im Lecithin der LDL (−1%) keine meßbare Änderung zu beobachten war. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, daß eine diätetische Linolsäurezufuhr vor allem in den CE der LDL und HDL zu einer Anreicherung dieser essentiellen Fettsäure führt. Dabei kommt es zu keinem meßbaren Anstieg der Arachidonsäure, welche im Körper aus Linolsäure gebildet werden kann. Vielmehr zeigt sich eine Abnahme der Arachidonsäure in den CE und im Lecithin der HDL, während im Lecithin der LDL der Arachidonsäureanteil unter den Versuchsbedingungen konstant blieb. Hieraus wird geschlossen, daß mehrfach ungesättigte Fettsäuren offensichtlich unterschiedlich in einzelnen Plasmalipiden angereichert werden können, obwohl ein Austausch und ein Transfer von Lipiden für die meisten Lipoproteinfraktionen nachgewiesen worden ist.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 376-378 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: TCDD ; metabolism ; biliary excretion ; phenobarbital ; stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of phenobarbital and TCDD pretreatment on the formation and biliary excretion of TCDD-metabolites following single doses of3H-TCDD was investigated. Without pretreatment, 24.5% of the absorbed3H-TCDD dose was excreted in the bile within 110 h. Phenobarbital did not influence this rate, whereas a single dose of 10 μg of unlabeled TCDD/kg b.wt nine days earlier resulted in a doubling of the amount of radioactive material eliminated in the bile (47.4%).
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 377-386 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Molecular parasitology ; Trypanosoma ; Leishmania ; Plasmodium ; helminths ; antigenic variation ; membrane proteins ; kinetoplast DNA ; metabolism ; bioenergetics ; tubulin ; hemoglobin ; anthelmintics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Substantial progress has been made in the last ten years in understanding the structural and functional organization of parasitic protozoa and helminths and the complex physiological relationships that exist between these organisms and their hosts. By employing the new powerful techniques of biochemistry, molecular biology and immunology the genomic organization in parasites, the molecular basis of parasite's variation in surface antigens and the biosynthesis, processing, transport and membrane anchoring of these and other surface proteins were extensively investigated. Significant advances have also been made in our knowledge of the specific and often peculiar strategies of intermediary metabolism, cell compartmentation, the role of oxygen for parasites and the mechanisms of antiparasitic drug action. Further major fields of interest are currently the complex processes which enables parasites to evade the host's immune defense system and other mechanisms which have resulted in the specific adaptations which enabled parasites to survive within their host environments. Various approaches in molecular and biochemical parasitology and in immunoparasitology have been proven to be of high potential for serodiagnosis, immunoprophylaxis and drug design.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 853-854 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Lytta polita ; chemical defense ; cantharidin ; terpenoids ; fluorine ; metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biosynthesis of cantharidin in a blister beetle,Lytta polita, is effectively inhibited by 6-fluoromevalonate. Inhibition is attributed specifically to the fluorine substituent. Biochemical inhibition has not been demonstrated previously for an arthropod's defensive substance.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 1094-1099 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Cognitive processes ; metabolism ; evolution ; biomathematical models ; cell proliferation ; cell growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A model for cellular proliferation is described according to which proliferation ensues when metabolism evolves towards commitment to DNA synthesis, and inhibition of proliferation occurs when enzymic interactions are iterated within a few metabolic pathways, another limiting factor being the supply of metabolites. The model successfully describes cellular growth and division as a ‘cognitive process’ based on interaction within enzymic elements and the genome, and affords an explanation in these terms of some empirical phenomena which have previously been understood only as isolated observations.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 144-147 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; catalase ; D-amino acid oxidase ; fetal mouse liver ; hepatocytes ; peroxisomes ; muscular dysgenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the hepatocytes of ‘normal’ fetal mice from mothers which were carriers of muscular dysgenesis, catalase and D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) positive as well as negative peroxisomes were observed. DAAO reaction product was occasionally localized in patches around cell membranes and DAAO-positive peroxisomes were frequently observed near mitochondria.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: frusemide ; kidney transplants ; metabolism ; renal function ; glucuronidated frusemide ; 4-chloro-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Urine from 5 renal transplant recipients treated with frusemide was analyzed for unchanged frusemide (F), glucuronidated frusemide (G) and 4-chloro-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid (CSA) by HPLC. In 3 recipients, whose renal function recovered steadily and whose hepatic function was normal throughout, the ratio of frusemide to its metabolites, F/(F+G+CSA), increased steadily in conjunction with the recovery of renal function. In one patient, who received frusemide 200–400 mg/day i.v., the urinary CSA concentration was 64–102 µg·ml−1. In 2 patients who experienced shock and/or hepatic dysfunction after transplantation, the F/(F+G+CSA) ratio fluctuated.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: amodiaquine ; Plasmodium falciparum malaria ; monodesethylamodiaquine ; HPLC ; pharmacokinetics ; prophylaxis ; metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The disposition of monodesethylamodiaquine was studied in four healthy subjects after a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg amodiaquine base. Amodiaquine was not found in any sample, but the major metabolite monodesethylamodiaquine was detected and was assumed to be the sole derivative that contributed significantly to antimalarial activity in the blood. The best fit for the decay of the metabolite was obtained with a three-compartment model. The half-lives of the first two phases were 3.2 to 11.4 h for t1/2α1 and 22.7 to 50.3 h for t1/2α2 in plasma. The half-life of the terminal phase ( t1/2β) was between 9 and 18.2 days. The concentration in whole blood was 4- to 6-times higher than in plasma. Three schedules (alternate days, weekly, daily) of the conventional prophylactic dose of 10 mg/kg per week were compared in six other healthy subjects. There were significant differences in the plasma monodesethylamodiaquine levels between the three schedules.
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