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  • Mice  (2,370)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (2,651)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1988-01-15
    Description: By means of a selective DNA amplification technique called polymerase chain reaction, proviral sequences of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) were identified directly in DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of persons seropositive but not in DNA isolated from PBMCs of persons seronegative for the virus. Primer pairs from multiple regions of the HIV-1 genome were used to achieve maximum sensitivity of provirus detection. HIV-1 sequences were detected in 100% of DNA specimens from seropositive, homosexual men from whom the virus was isolated by coculture, but in none of the DNA specimens from a control group of seronegative, virus culture-negative persons. However, HIV-1 sequences were detected in 64% of DNA specimens from seropositive, virus culture-negative homosexual men. This method of DNA amplification made it possible to obtain results within 3 days, whereas virus isolation takes up to 3 to 4 weeks. The method may therefore be used to complement or replace virus isolation as a routine means of determining HIV-1 infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ou, C Y -- Kwok, S -- Mitchell, S W -- Mack, D H -- Sninsky, J J -- Krebs, J W -- Feorino, P -- Warfield, D -- Schochetman, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 15;239(4837):295-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3336784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral/*blood ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; *Gene Amplification ; HIV/*genetics/isolation & purification ; HIV Seropositivity ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*analysis ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Virus Cultivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-02-05
    Description: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) constitute a worldwide public health problem. Whereas in Europe and in most of the Americas transmission of HIV-1 has occurred predominantly among homosexual men and intravenous drug abusers, in Africa a distinct epidemiologic pattern has emerged that indicates that HIV-1 infection is mainly heterosexually acquired. Heterosexual transmission appears to be increasing in some parts of Latin America and the Caribbean, and possibly in the United States. In addition to HIV-1, at least one other human retrovirus, namely HIV-2, has been implicated as a cause of AIDS in Africa and Europe. Factors that influence heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 include genital ulcerations, early or late stages of HIV-1 infection in the index case, and possibly oral contraception and immune activation. The rate of perinatal transmission is enhanced when the mother's illness is more advanced. AIDS and HIV-1 infection may have a significant impact not only on public health, but also on the demography and socioeconomic conditions of some developing countries. Programs for the prevention and control of AIDS should be an immediate priority in all countries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piot, P -- Plummer, F A -- Mhalu, F S -- Lamboray, J L -- Chin, J -- Mann, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 5;239(4840):573-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3277271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/prevention & ; control/*transmission ; Female ; HIV/classification/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Sexual Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-02-05
    Description: Identification of genes that function to protect cells from radiation damage is an essential step in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which mammalian cells cope with ionizing radiation. The intrinsic radiation resistance (D0) of NIH 3T3 cells was markedly and significantly increased by transformation with ras oncogenes activated by missense mutations. This radiobiologic activity appeared to be a specific consequence of the ras mutations rather than of transformation, since revertant cells that contained functional ras genes (but were no longer phenotypically transformed) retained their increased D0's.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sklar, M D -- CA 41166/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 5;239(4840):645-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3277276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival/*radiation effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; *Genes, ras ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1988-04-29
    Description: Spontaneous diabetes mellitus was blocked in nonobese diabetic mice by treatment with a monoclonal antibody against the L3T4 determinant present on the surface of T-helper lymphocytes. Sustained treatment with the monoclonal antibody led to cessation of the lymphocytic infiltration associated with the destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells. Moreover, the mice remained normoglycemic after the antibody therapy was stopped. These studies indicate that immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies to the lymphocyte subset may not only halt the progression of diabetes, but may lead to long-term reversal of the disease after therapy has ended.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shizuru, J A -- Taylor-Edwards, C -- Banks, B A -- Gregory, A K -- Fathman, C G -- AI11313/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK39959/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 29;240(4852):659-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305-5111.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2966437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*therapeutic use ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Cyclosporins/therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology/*therapy ; Female ; *Immunotherapy ; Islets of Langerhans/pathology ; Lymphocytes/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1988-11-11
    Description: Increasing mortality in intravenous (IV) drug users not reported to surveillance as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has occurred in New York City coincident with the AIDS epidemic. From 1981 to 1986, narcotics-related deaths increased on average 32% per year from 492 in 1981 to 1996 in 1986. This increase included deaths from AIDS increasing from 0 to 905 and deaths from other causes, many of which were infectious diseases, increasing from 492 to 1091. Investigations of these deaths suggest a causal association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These deaths may represent a spectrum of HIV-related disease that has not been identified through AIDS surveillance and has resulted in a large underestimation of the impact of AIDS on IV drug users and blacks and Hispanics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stoneburner, R L -- Des Jarlais, D C -- Benezra, D -- Gorelkin, L -- Sotheran, J L -- Friedman, S R -- Schultz, S -- Marmor, M -- Mildvan, D -- Maslansky, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 11;242(4880):916-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉AIDS Research Unit, New York City Department of Health, NY 10013.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3187532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*epidemiology/microbiology ; Cause of Death ; Endocarditis/complications ; Hiv ; HIV Seropositivity ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; New York City ; Pneumonia/complications ; Substance-Related Disorders/*complications/epidemiology/mortality ; Tuberculosis/complications
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1988-08-05
    Description: Primary mouse oocytes contain untranslated stable messenger RNA for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). During meiotic maturation, this maternal mRNA undergoes a 3'-polyadenylation, is translated, and is degraded. Injections of maturing oocytes with different antisense RNA's complementary to both coding and noncoding portions of t-PA mRNA all selectively blocked t-PA synthesis. RNA blot analysis of t-PA mRNA in injected, matured oocytes suggested a cleavage of the RNA.RNA hybrid region, yielding a stable 5' portion, and an unstable 3' portion. In primary oocytes, the 3' noncoding region was susceptible to cleavage, while the other portions of the mRNA were blocked from hybrid formation until maturation occurred. Injection of antisense RNA complementary to 103 nucleotides of its extreme 3' untranslated region was sufficient to prevent the polyadenylation, translational activation, and destabilization of t-PA mRNA. These results demonstrate a critical role for the 3' noncoding region of a dormant mRNA in its translational recruitment during meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strickland, S -- Huarte, J -- Belin, D -- Vassalli, A -- Rickles, R J -- Vassalli, J D -- HD-17875/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 5;241(4866):680-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2456615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; Poly A/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects ; RNA/*pharmacology ; RNA, Antisense ; RNA, Messenger/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1988-04-08
    Description: Specific sigma binding sites have been identified in the mammalian brain and lymphoid tissue. In this study, certain gonadal and adrenal steroids, particularly progesterone, were found to inhibit sigma receptor binding in homogenates of brain and spleen. The findings suggest that steroids are naturally occurring ligands for sigma receptors and raise the possibility that these sites mediate some aspects of steroid-induced mental disturbances and alterations in immune functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, T P -- London, E D -- Jaffe, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 8;240(4849):219-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Addiction Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2832949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Endocrine Glands/*physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Haloperidol/metabolism ; *Immunity ; Male ; *Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Phenazocine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid/*metabolism ; Receptors, sigma ; Spleen/metabolism ; Steroids/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLaren, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 22;241(4864):399-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3393905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Male ; Sex Factors
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-07-08
    Description: Run-on transcription experiments were used to demonstrate that transcription of T cell receptor beta chain V genes is activated by DNA rearrangement, in a manner similar to immunoglobulin genes. A transcriptional enhancer likely to be involved in this activation has been identified. A 25-kilobase region from J beta 1 to V beta 14 was tested for enhancer activity by transient transfections, and an enhancer was found 7.5 kilobases 3' of C beta 2. The beta enhancer has low activity relative to the simian virus 40 viral enhancer, does not display a preference for V beta promoters, has a T cell-specific activity, and binds two purified immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDougall, S -- Peterson, C L -- Calame, K -- GM29361/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 8;241(4862):205-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA School of Medicine 90024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2968651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/physiology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1988-11-04
    Description: Studies in animals suggest that fetal neural grafts might restore lost neurological function in Parkinson's disease. In monkeys, such grafts survive for many months and reverse signs of parkinsonism, without attendant graft rejection. The successful and reliable application of a similar transplantation procedure to human patients, however, will require neural tissue obtained from human fetal cadavers, with demonstrated cellular identity, viability, and biological safety. In this report, human fetal neural tissue was successfully grafted into the brains of monkeys. Neural tissue was collected from human fetal cadavers after 9 to 12 weeks of gestation and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Viability after up to 2 months of storage was demonstrated by cell culture and by transplantation into monkeys. Cryopreservation and storage of human fetal neural tissue would allow formation of a tissue bank. The stored cells could then be specifically tested to assure their cellular identity, viability, and bacteriological and virological safety before clinical use. The capacity to collect and maintain viable human fetal neural tissue would also facilitate research efforts to understand the development and function of the human brain and provide opportunities to study neurological diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Redmond, D E Jr -- Naftolin, F -- Collier, T J -- Leranth, C -- Robbins, R J -- Sladek, C D -- Roth, R H -- Sladek, J R Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 4;242(4879):768-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2903552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cercopithecus ; Fetus ; Freezing ; Humans ; Male ; Mesencephalon/cytology/embryology/enzymology/*transplantation ; Preservation, Biological ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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