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  • MDPI  (57,180)
  • 2020-2024  (353)
  • 2020-2022  (440)
  • 2015-2019  (56,387)
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  • 1
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    Representative Dynamic Accumulation of Hydrate-Bearing Sediments in Gas Chimney System since 30 Kyr BP in the QiongDongNan Area, Northern South China Sea (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: A stratigraphic complex composed of mass transport deposits (MTDs), where the gas occurrence allows for the formation of a gas chimney and pipe structure, is identified based on seismic interpretation in the QiongDongNan area of the northern South China Sea. During the Fifth Gas Hydrate Drilling Expedition of the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, this type of complex morphology that has close interaction with local gas hydrate (GH) distribution was eventually confirmed. A flow-reaction model is built to explore the spatial–temporal matching evolution process of massive GH reservoirs since 30 kyr before the present (BP). Five time snapshots, including 30, 20, 10, and 5 kyr BP, as well as the present, have been selected to exhibit key strata-evolving information. The results of in situ tensile estimation imply fracturing emergence occurs mostly at 5 kyr BP. Six other environmental scenarios and three cases of paleo-hydrate existence have been compared. The results almost coincide with field GH distribution below the bottom MTD from drilling reports, and state layer fracturing behaviors always feed and probably propagate in shallow sediments. It can be concluded that this complex system with 10% pre-existing hydrates results in the exact distribution and occurrence in local fine-grained silty clay layers adjacent to upper MTDs.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    The November 23rd, 1980 Irpinia-Lucania, Southern Italy Earthquake: Insights and Reviews 40 Years Later (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: This reprint "The November 23rd, 1980 Irpinia-Lucania, Southern Italy Earthquake: Insights and Reviews 40 Years Later” presents a collection of 13 scientific contributions proposed by 44 researchers with different expertise and multidisciplinary approach highlighting the most important aspects of the Irpinia-Lucania earthquake (Ms 6.9, Io X MCS) from a seismological and geological point of view, without neglecting the reconstruction of cultural heritage, the resilience of the population, and the socioeconomic development of the internal areas of the Southern Apennines after the earthquake. The 1980 earthquake struck Irpinia-Lucania region (Southern Italy) and it is remembered in Italy not only for being the strongest earthquake recorded in the last 100 years causing devastation of entire regions and severe loss of human life, but also for the destruction of the cultural heritage in the epicentral area. This volume, far from being exhaustive, nevertheless wants to be an important point of reference for the new generations of researchers who will have both a historical and multidisciplinary approach to the knowledge of this earthquake.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Irpinia-Basilicata earthquake ; seismic assessment ; soil structure interaction ; numerical simulations ; earthquake risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book
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  • 3
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    A Review of Selected Applications of GNSS CORS and Related Experiences at the University of Palermo (Italy) (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Services from the Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) provide data and insights to a range of research areas such as physical sciences, engineering, earth and planetary sciences, computer science, and environmental science. Even though these fields are varied, they are all linked through the GNSS operational application. GNSS CORS have historically been deployed for three-dimensional positioning but also for the establishment of local and global reference systems and the measurement of ionospheric and tropospheric errors. In addition to these studies, CORS is uncovering new, emerging scientific applications. These include real-time monitoring of land subsidence via network real-time kinematics (NRTK) or precise point positioning (PPP), structural health monitoring (SHM), earthquake and volcanology monitoring, GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) for mapping soil moisture content, precision farming with affordable receivers, and zenith total delay to aid hydrology and meteorology. The flexibility of CORS infrastructure and services has paved the way for new research areas. The aim of this study is to present a curated selection of scientific papers on prevalent topics such as network monitoring, reference frames, and structure monitoring (like dams), along with an evaluation of CORS performance. Concurrently, it reports on the scientific endeavours undertaken by the Geomatics Research Group at the University of Palermo in the realm of GNSS CORS over the past 15 years.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5343
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: GNSS ; CORS ; network ; structures monitoring ; accuracy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Tracing the Origin and Magmatic Evolution of the Rejuvenated Volcanism in Santa Clara Island, Juan Fernández Ridge, SE Pacific (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Oceanic intraplate volcanoes sometimes experience late-stage eruptive activity known as rejuvenated volcanism, and contrasting interpretations for its petrogenesis depend on the compositional characteristics. In the Juan Fernández Ridge (JFR), a volcanic chain approximately 800 km in length emplaced on the Nazca Plate, some subaerial occurrences of rejuvenated volcanism have been recognized on the Robinson Crusoe and Santa Clara Islands, both part of the same deeply eroded shield volcano complex. This study aims to understand the origin and magmatic evolution of rejuvenated volcanism on Santa Clara Island, emplaced after ~2.15 Ma of quiescence above the shield sequence, mainly via the analysis of unpublished geochemical and isotopic data. Field reconnaissance identified two nearly coeval rejuvenated sequences on Santa Clara Island: Bahía W (BW) and Morro Spartan (MS), both formed by basanitic and picro-basaltic lava flows with brecciated levels and local intercalations of sedimentary and pyroclastic deposits. In comparison to the chemical signature of the preceding shield-building stage (comprised mainly of basalts and picrites), the two rejuvenated sequences exhibit a notable enrichment in incompatible elements, but the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes are very similar to the FOZO mantle endmember, with an apparent additional contribution of HIMU and EM1 components. The geochemistry of lavas revealed the involvement of various processes, including contamination by ultramafic xenoliths, high-pressure fractional crystallization of olivine and clinopyroxene, and potential partial assimilation of oceanic lithospheric components. While the oceanic lithosphere has been considered as a potential source, the isotopic data from Santa Clara lies outside of the mixing curve between depleted mantle (DM, here represented by the North Chile Rise and the East Pacific Rise) and the previous shield stage, suggesting that a lithospheric mantle is not the primary source for the rejuvenated stage volcanism. Therefore, we favor an origin of the rejuvenated volcanism from the mantle plume forming the JFR, supported by similarities in isotopic signatures with the shield stage and high values of 208Pb/204Pb (only comparable to San Félix—San Ambrosio in the vicinity of JFR), implying the presence of a regional source with radiogenic 208Pb/204Pb isotope ratios. In addition, isotopic variations are subparallel to the mixing line between HIMU and EM1 components, whose participation in different proportions might explain the observed trends. In conclusion, we propose that the source of the rejuvenated volcanism on Santa Clara Island is a heterogeneous mantle plume, the same one that fed the shield stage. The rejuvenated volcanism is derived from a secondary melting zone away from the main axis of the plume.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Improving the Accuracy of Digital Terrain Models Using Drone-Based LiDAR for the Morpho-Structural Analysis of Active Calderas: The Case of Ischia Island, Italy (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: Over the past two decades, the airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) system has become a useful tool for acquiring high-resolution topographic data, especially in active tectonics studies. Analyzing Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) from LiDAR exposes morpho-structural elements, aiding in the understanding of fault zones, among other applications. Despite its effectiveness, challenges persist in regions with rapid deformation, dense vegetation, and human impact. We propose an adapted workflow transitioning from the conventional airborne LiDAR system to the usage of drone-based LiDAR technology for higher-resolution data acquisition. Additionally, drones offer a more cost-effective solution, both in an initial investment and ongoing operational expenses. Our goal is to demonstrate how drone-based LiDAR enhances the identification of active deformation features, particularly for earthquake-induced surface faulting. To evaluate the potential of our technique, we conducted a drone-based LiDAR survey in the Casamicciola Terme area, north of Ischia Island, Italy, known for the occurrence of destructive shallow earthquakes, including the 2017 Md = 4 event. We assessed the quality of our acquired DTM by comparing it with existing elevation datasets for the same area. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each DTM product in relation to our results, particularly when applied to fault mapping. By analyzing derivative DTM products, we identified the fault scarps within the Casamicciola Holocene Graben (CHG) and mapped its structural geometry in detail. The analysis of both linear and areal geomorphic features allowed us to identify the primary factors influencing the current morphological arrangement of the CHG area. Our detailed map depicts a nested graben formed by two main structures (the Maio and Sentinella faults) and minor internal faults (the Purgatorio and Nizzola faults). High-resolution DEMs acquired by drone-based LiDAR facilitated detailed studies of the geomorphology and fault activity. A similar approach can be applied in regions where the evidence of high slip-rate faults is difficult to identify due to vegetation cover and inaccessibility.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1899
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Scaling Properties of Magnetic Field Fluctuations in the High-Latitude Ionosphere (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-04
    Description: Space plasma turbulence plays a relevant role in several plasma environments, such as solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere–ionosphere system, and is essential for describing their complex coupling. This interaction gives rise to various phenomena, including ionospheric irregularities and the amplification of magnetospheric and ionospheric currents. The structure and dynamics of these currents have relevant implications, for example, in studying ionospheric heating and the nature of electric and magnetic field fluctuations in the auroral and polar environments. In this study, we investigate the nature of small-scale fluctuations characterizing the ionospheric magnetic field in response to different geomagnetic conditions. We use high-resolution (50 Hz) magnetic data from the ESA’s Swarm mission, collected during a series of high-latitude crossings, to probe the scaling features of magnetic field fluctuations in auroral and polar cap regions at spatial scales still poorly explored. Our findings reveal that magnetic field fluctuations in field-aligned currents (FACs) and polar cap regions across both hemispheres are characterized by different scaling properties, suggesting a distinct driver of turbulence. Furthermore, we find that geomagnetic activity significantly influences the nature of energy dissipation in FAC regions, leading to more localized filamentary structures toward smaller scales.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1928
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Editorial for the Special Issue “Minerals of Alkaline Igneous Rocks: Chemical and Isotopic Features as Tracers of Magmatic Processes” (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-04
    Description: This Special Issue aims to highlight the pivotal role of the minerals found in alkaline igneous rocks in tracing magmatic processes. In different geodynamic contexts, minerals such as alkali-feldspar and clinopyroxene exhibit a largely variable chemical and isotopic composition. Such a variability can be profitably employed to investigate the evolution processes undergone by magmas during their movement from the mantle source up to the surface, especially when magma evolution occurs in open-system conditions.....
    Description: Published
    Description: 7
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Alkaline igneous rocks ; P–T–fO2 conditions ; Geothermobarometry ; Radiogenic and stable isotopes ; Diffusion chronometry ; Timescales of magmatic processes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Improvement of Aerosol Coarse-Mode Detection through Additional Use of Infrared Wavelengths in the Inversion of Arctic Lidar Data (2024)
    MDPI
    In:  EPIC3Remote Sensing, MDPI, 16(9), pp. 1576-1576, ISSN: 2072-4292
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: An Nd:YAG-based Raman lidar provides a mature technology to derive profiles of the optical properties of aerosols over a wide altitude range. However, the derivation of micro-physical parameters is an ill-posed problem. Hence, increasing the information content of lidar data is desirable. Recently, ceilometers and wind lidar systems, both operating in the near-infrared region, have been successfully employed in aerosol research. In this study, we demonstrate that the inclusion of additional backscatter coefficients from these two latter instruments clearly improves the inversion of micro-physical parameters such as volume distribution function, effective radius, or single-scattering albedo. We focus on the Arctic aerosol and start with the typical volume distribution functions of Arctic haze and boreal biomass burning. We forward calculate the optical coefficients that the lidar systems should have seen and include or exclude the backscatter coefficients of the ceilometer (910 nm) and wind lidar data (1500 nm) to analyze the value of these wavelengths in their ability to reproduce the volume distribution function, which may be mono- or bimodal. We found that not only the coarse mode but also the properties of the accumulation mode improved when the additional wavelengths were considered. Generally, the 1500 nm wavelength has greater value in correctly reproducing the aerosol properties
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    HERMES: A Data and Specimens Transporter from the Stratosphere to the Ground—The First Experimental Flight (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: Large stratospheric balloons are the easiest access to near space. Large long duration balloons (LDBs) can float in the stratosphere for weeks collecting measurements (e.g., astrophysical or geophysical data) or samples (e.g., contaminants, volcanic ash, micrometeorites). The recovery of data media and samples is a common problem in this type of experiment because direct radio com-munication becomes useless when the balloon crosses the horizon, and satellite links are too slow and expensive. For this reason, physical recovery of the payload is mandatory to obtain experi-mental results, which is a difficult task, especially in polar regions. The goal of HERMES (HEmera Returning MESsenger) is to allow researchers to obtain experimental data prior to payload recovery. HERMES is a system equipped with an autonomous glider capable of physically transporting data and samples from the stratosphere to a recovery point on the ground. The glider is installed on the balloon payload via a remotely controlled release system and is connected to the main computer to store a copy of the scientific data and to receive the geographic coordinates of the recovery point. This allows scientists to obtain experimental results before recovering the payload. The article de-scribes HERMES and the first experimental flight of the entire system, which was conducted at Esrange Space Center (Kiruna, Sweden) in July 2022.
    Description: Published
    Description: 308
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    Seismo-Stratigraphic Data of Wave-Cut Marine Terraces in the Licosa Promontory (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-29
    Description: Some seismo-stratigraphic evidence on the occurrence of wave-cut marine terraces in the Licosa promontory (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) based on Sub-bottom Chirp seismic sections is herein presented. Such evidence is provided by marine terraced surfaces situated at various water depths below sea level and etched into the rocky acoustic basement, which are extensively extending in the seaward extension of the Licosa promontory. It is possible that the isotopic stratigraphy and the terraced marine surfaces are connected, so they can be attributed and dated indirectly. The geologic study of seismic profiles has pointed to the prominence of the acoustic basement, extending to the seabed close to the coast and subsiding seawards under the Quaternary marine succession. Ancient remains of marine terraces, found at a range of water depths between 5 m and 50 m, have documented the major morphological changes of the acoustic basement during the Late Quaternary.
    Description: Published
    Description: 392–418
    Description: OSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativa
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: seismic stratigraphy ; marine terraces ; Licosa promontory ; acoustic basement ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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