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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Proteinbedarf des Rehes (Capreolus capreolus L.) zur Erhaltung (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Nitrogen (N) balance studies were performed with adult roe bucks in metabolism cages. The animals were fed pelleted diets. To a basic ration with 5.6% crude protein (CP) varving amounts of purified protein were added, raising the crude protein content up to 21.8% of the food dry matter. The N losses via the faeces were 6.1 g/kg of dry matter intake. At body weight equilibrium 94.5% of the apparently digested N were recovered in the urine. With the basic ration the urinary N excretion was down to 0.12 g/day/kg body weight0.75. Even with this diet, part of the animals achieved a positive N balance and raised the body weigh. A calculation of the requirements for maintenance of a roe deer of 20 kg body weight results in 7.5 g apparently digestible CP. With the experimental diet, this was equivalent to 24.3 g CP/day in the food or 5.5% CP in the food dry matter. These requirements are lower than those assumed for roe deer up to now, but are in good accordance with those known for domestic ruminants.
    Abstract: Résumé Des expériences de l'équilibre azoté avec des chevreuils adultes, tenus dans des cages de métabolisme, étaient fait. Comme nourriture unique ils recevaient de fourrage comprimé. À une ration de base pauvre en protéine (5,6% de protéine brute) nous ajoutions des quantités variables de protéine purifiée de soya, augmentant ainsi la teneur de protéine brute jusqu'à 21,8%. Les pertes de nitrogène par la fiente faisaient 6,1 g/kg de la matière sèche du fourrage. Au poids de corps constant, 94,5% de la nitrogène apparemment digestée étaient retrouvés dans l'urine. La ration de base pauvre en protéine reduisait l'excrétion urinaire de nitrogène à 0,12 g/jour/kg poids du corps0,75. Même avec cette diète-là les chevreuils étaient capables d'atteindre une balance de nitrogène positive et de prendre du poids. D'après ces résultats, les besoins quotidiens pour l'entretien s'élévent—chez un chevreuil de 20 kg—à 7,5 g de protéine brute apparemment digestible. Cela correspondait—avec la diète experimentale—à 24,3 g/jour protéine brute dans le fourrage ou à 5,5% de protéine brute dans la matière sèche. La quantité de la protéine nécessaire pour les chevreuils est plus petite que l'on a supposé jusqu'à présent. Elle s'accorde pourtant bien avec les besoins des ruminants domestiques.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An ausgewachsenen Rehen wurden in Stoffwechselkäfigen Stickstoff-(N-)Bilanz-Versuche durchgeführt. Die Tiere bekamen pelletierte Alleinfutter vorgelegt. Eine proteinarme Basisdiät mit 5,6% Rohprotein (RP) in der Trockensubstanz wurde mit wechselnden Mengen gereinigten Sojaproteins verschnitten, so daß Diäten mit bis zu 21,8% RP entstanden. Die N-Verluste über den Kot betrugen 6,1 g/kg Futtertrockensubstanz. Vom scheinbar verdauten N wurden bei Gewichtskonstanz der Tiere 94,5% im Harn wiedergefunden. Bei der proteinarmen Basisdiät ging die Harn-N-Ausscheidung auf 0,12 g/Tag/kg Körpergewicht0,75 zurück. Auch mit dieser Diät waren die Rehe noch in der Lage, die N-Bilanz positiv zu gestalten und zuzunehmen. Der tägliche Bedarf zur Erhaltung bei einem Reh von 20 kg beträgt nach diesen Ergebnissen 7,5 g scheinbar verdauliches RP. Bei dem verwendeten Versuchsfutter entsprach das 24,3 g RP/Tag im Futter oder 5,5% RP in der Futtertrockensubstanz. Dieser Erhaltungsbedarf ist niedriger, als bisher für das Reh angenommen wurde, entspricht dagegen recht gut dem Bedarf von Hauswiederkäuern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01901846
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gravidität der Gamsgaisen in den Julischen Alpen (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 50-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary From 1967 until 1973 in the Julian Alps of Slovenia 78 female chamois of various ages were examined for pregnancy. Of these 69 so-calledyeld females (those with no calves) were harvested as usual, while 9 females with calves were shot especially for the study. Both groups revealed a gravidity of 80%, based on all females in the third to 18th year of life. Some females in the third year of life were found to be pregnant, compared with nearly half of those in the fourth year of life. In middle-age females (4–10 years) gravidity was 90%, and 83% in older animals. 8% more corpora lutea were found in the ovaries than the number of embryos. Several such cases were examples of accessory forms, which means that double ovulation had occurred.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In den Julischen Alpen Sloweniens wurden von 1967 bis 1973 78 erlegte Gamsgaisen verschiedenen Alters auf Trächtigkeit untersucht. Davon waren 69 als sog.Geltgaisen im Wege der Auslese abgeschossen worden. 9 kitzeführende aber speziell für die Untersuchungszwecke. Bei beiden Gruppen hatte die Trächtigkeit den gleichen Prozentsatz von 80, bezogen auf alle Gaisen vom dritten bis achtzehnten Lebensjahr. Im dritten Lebensjahr brunftete ein Teil der Gaisen erfolgreich (war trächtig), im vierten Lebensjahr etwas weniger als die Hälfte, im mittleren Alter (4–10 Jahre) lag die Trächtigkeit bei 90%, bei älteren Stücken bei 83%. Auf den Eierstöcken wurden 8% mehr Gelbkörperchen gefunden, als der Zahl der Embryonen entsprach. Bei einigen überzähligen Gelbkörperchen handelte es sich um atretische Formen, was bedeutet, daß die Gaisen zweimal ovulierten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01901848
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fütterungsversuche mit Rebhühnern als Beitrag zur Frage der Ernährung des Rebhuhns in der Kulturlandschaft (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 57-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The results of studies of partridge in aviaries from 1968 to 1973 are reported. These results indicate that seeds are the only feasible winter fodder. Green feed is not necessary, as a rule. Seeds of the following plants were preferred by partridge:Ph. canariensis, Panicum sp.,Setaria sp.,Cannabis sativa, Phleum pratense, Lolium perenne, Agrostis alba gemcina. Seeds of the following wild herbs were infrequently selected:Atriplex sp.,Plantago sp.,Polygonum persicaria, Polygonum lapathifolium andRumex sp.
    Abstract: Résumé Il est fait état d'essais en volière avecPerdix perdix entre 1968 et 1973. L'alimentation hivernale n'est possible qu'au moyen d'une nourriture à base de grains. De la nourriture verte n'est pas fondamentalement nécessaire au cours de l'hiver. Sont préférées par la Perdrix les semences dePh. canariensis, dePanicum sp. etSetaria sp., deCannabis sativa, dePhleum pratense, deLolium perenne et d'Agrostis alba genuina. Les semences des espèces sauvages suivantes ne furent guère recherchées:Atriplex sp.,Plantago sp.,Polygonum persicaria etlapathifolium, Rumex sp.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Berichtet wird über Volierenversuche mit Rebhühnern in den Jahren 1968 bis 1973. Aus den Versuchen wird gefolgert, daß die Winterfütterung von Rebhühnern allein auf Sämereienbasis möglich ist. Grünfutter ist im Winter grundsätzlich nicht notwendig. Bevorzugt werden vom Rebhuhn die Samen des Glanzgrases (Spitz,Ph. canariensis), der Hirse (Panicum sp.Setaria sp.), des Hanfes (Cannabis sativa), des Thimothes (Phleum pratense), des Deutschen Weidelgrases (Lolium perenne) und des weißen Straußgrases (Agrostis alba genuina). Kaum Zuspruch fanden die Sämereien verschiedener Wildkräuter wie Melde,Atriplex sp., Wegerich,Plantago sp., Floh- und pfirsichblättriger Knöterich,Polygonum persicaria bzw.lapathifolium und Sauerampfer,Rumex sp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01901850
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rangordnung von Rehwild (Capreolus capreolus L.) an der Winterfütterung in einem schweizerischen Jagdrevier (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 53-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In the winter of 1972/73 the rank-order of individually marked roe deer at an artificial feeding site was studied in the foothills of eastern Switzerland. The observed rank-order was almost linear and more or less stable throughout the winter. The only drops in rank were caused by casting of antlers and impairment through injury, whereas cleaning of antlers raised a buck's rank. Adult bucks dominated all other classes, and male fawns dominated almost all females The effects of age, antler size, distance from summer territory, and duration of stay in the feeding site area on rank were tested by rank correlations. In adult bucks, only distance from summer territory affected rank significantly, bucks from the vicinity being the most dominant. This result and the fact that the dominant bucks, who alone showed marking behaviour, were the most aggressive, suggest that roebucks are potentially territorial also in winter. Does were the higher in rank the earlier they were first observed visiting the feeding site, i.e. the more familiar they were with it. The rank of females was not affected by age. Occupied piles of food were sometimes successfully defended against higher ranking individuals.
    Abstract: Résumé En hiver 1972/73 le comportement agonistique et la hiérarchie sociale des chevreuils individuelement marqués fut examiné à une place à fourrage dans une chasse préalpine en Suisse. La hiérarchie était linéaire et ordinairement stabile. Des changement en hiérarchie sociale furent observés après la jeter et l'écurer des bois et après des blessures. Les brocards adultes dominaient toutes les autres classes. L'influence fut examiné avec des correlations de rang entrele rang et l'âge, la grandeur des bois, la distance entre la place à fourrage et le territoire en été, la première date d'observations à la place à fourrage. Le rang des brocards adultes est influencé de manière negative significante seulement par la distance: le plus près un brocard a son territoire en été, le plus il est dominant. Ce fait et le fait, que seulement les brocards des deux premiers rangs étalent un comportement de marquer laissent présumer qu'un comportement territorial éxiste en hiver aussi. Les femelles adultes n'étaient pas influencées par l'âge; mais le plus tôt qu'elles viennent à la place à fourrage en hiver le plus elles sont dominantes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Winter 1972/73 wurde das agonistische Verhalten und die Rangordnung von individuell markierten Rehen an einer Winterfütterung in den Voralpen der Ostschweiz untersucht. Die Rangordnung war beinahe linear und mehr oder weniger stabil. Rangverlust wurde nach Geweihabwurf und Verletzung, Ranggewinn nach Fegen des Geweihs beobachtet. Adulte Böcke dominierten alle anderen Klassen, und Kitzböcke dominierten fast alle Geißen. Die Beziehung zwischen Rang und Alter, Geweihgröße, Distanz zwischen Futterstelle und Sommereinstand sowie erstem Beobachtungsdatum an der Winterfütterung wurde mit Rangkorrelationen geprüft. Bei adulten Böcken hatte nur die Distanz zum Sommereinstand einen Einfluß auf die Ranghöhe: je kürzer diese Distanz, desto dominanter der Bock. Dies und die Tatsache, daß die ranghöchsten Böcke am aggressivsten waren und als einzige Markierverhalten zeigten, legt die Vermutung nahe, daß Rehböcke auch im Winter potentiell territorial sind. Geißen waren um so ranghöher, je früher sie erstmals an der Winterfütterung beobachtet worden waren. Dagegen hatte das Alter keinen Einfluß auf die Ranghöhe. In Besitz genommene Futterhaufen wurden manchmal erfolgreich gegen ranghöhere Tiere verteidigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01901849
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pesticid- und PCB-Rückstände in Organen von Wildtieren als Indikatoren für Umweltkontamination (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 70-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary During the years 1970 to 1973 we investigated 800 samples of organs, adipose tissue and eggs from 26 wild animals species gaschromatically in respect of chlorinated pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls. The most abundant pesticides were HCB and Lindane + Isomeres (Tab. 1). The pesticide- and PCB-concentrations in liver- and fat tissue of herbivores were about five times lower (ppb-values) than we found in carnivores, where the residues accumulated according to the nutrition chain (Tab. 2 and 3). The highest values we got from eggs of predatory birds and from codfish liver (ppm-values Tab. 2 and 3; for instance DDE and DDT + isomeres).
    Abstract: Résumé Au cours des années 1970 à 1973, 800 échantillons d'organes, de dépôts de graisse et d'oeufs, prélevés sur 26 espèces d'animaux sauvages, ont été analysés par chromatographie gazeuse en ce qui concernait leur teneur en pesticides chlorés et en PCB. Le PCB et les isomères du Lindane étaient les résidus les plus répandus (plus de 90%) (Tableau 1). Chez les Herbivores, la concentration en pesticide et en PCB dans le foie et dans les tissus de graisse était de l'ordre du ppb (Tableaux 2 et 3). Les plus hautes teneurs en résidus — DDE, DDT, et ses isomères, notamment — furent relevées dans les oeufs de Rapaces et dans les foies de Morue (de l'ordre du ppm) (cfr Tableaux 2 et 3).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Während der Jahre 1970 bis 1973 wurden 800 Organ-, Fett- und Eierproben von 26 Wildtierarten gaschromatographisch auf Rückstände an chlorierten Pesticiden und PCBs hin untersucht. Mit über 90% waren HCB und Lindan + Isomere am verbreitetsten (Tab. 1). Die Pesticid- und PCB-Konzentration im Leber- und Fettgewebe lag bei Herbivora im ppb-Bereich (Tab. 2 und 3), stieg jedoch im Rahmen der Nahrungskette bei Carnivora auf das Fünffache der bei Pflanzenfressern gefundenen Werte (Tab. 2 und 3). Die höchsten Rückstandsmengen-v.a. an DDE, DDT und Isomeren-fanden wir in Greifvogeleiern und in Dorschleber (ppm-Bereich siehe Tab. 2 und 3).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01901854
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Referate (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 80-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01901859
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jahrestreffen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft jagdlicher Forschungsstätten (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 79-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01901858
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der ökonomische Wert der Wildproduktion in Europa (ohne Sowjetunion) (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 85-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01889795
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Professor Fritz Nüßlein zur Vollendung des 75. Lebensjahres (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 119-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01889799
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Institut und Lehrkanzel für Wildbiologie und Jagdwirtschaft an der Hochschule für Bodenkultur in Wien geplant (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 120-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01889800
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Referate (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 120-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01889801
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beitrag zur Altersbestimmung beim Rotfuchs (Vulpes vulpes L., 1758) (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 96-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Two methods for estimating age were applied on 1655 red foxes (871 males, 591 females and 193 of undetermined sex), 290 of which were found to be rabid. The first method uses age of teeth (cutting, shedding and attrition) as an indication to the age of the animal. The second (developed byvan Haaften [1969]) involved the dry weight of eye lenses. A comparison of the methods revealed that both were equally reliable for animals up to the age of two years. Neither method proved to be satisfactory for estimating age in adult animals, although the dry weight method seems to be the more informative one. The range in the dry weight of eye lenses is shown in table 5 for animals from 2 months to 2 years in graph 1 for animals up to 8 years. Graph 2 illustrates the relationship between age, dry weight of eye lens, and age of teeth.
    Abstract: Résumé 1655 renards—871 mâles, 591 femelles et 193 de sexe non déterminé—dont 290 sujets se sont avérés atteints par la Rage, ont fait l'objet d'une étude comparative sur les méthodes de détermination de leur âge par analyse de la dentition (émergence des dents, remplacement et degré d'usure) et par pesée du cristallin (van Haaften 1969). Des résultats satisfaisants ont été obtenus au moyen des deux méthodes jusqu'à l'âge de deux ans. Chez les sujets plus âgés, la méthode par examen de la dentition est impropre à une détermination correcte. En raison du manque de possibilités de comparaison avec des sujets d'âge connu, l'application de la méthode par pesée du cristallin à des sujets de plus de deux ans reste sujette à caution, mais cette méthode semble toutefois plus efficace que les autres. Le Tableau 5 donne le degré de variation des poids secs du cristallin de renards âgés de deux mois à deux ans. La figure 1 visualise ce degré de variation jusqu'à l'âge de 7 ans. La figure 2 permet la comparaison des pyramides des classes d'âge obtenues en appliquant les deux techniques de détermination.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1655 Rotfüchse—871 Rüden, 591 Fähen und 193 ohne Geschlechtsbestimmung—von denen sich durch die Laboruntersuchungen 290 als tollwütig erwiesen, wurden nach dem Zahnalter (Zahndurchbruch,-wechsel und-abnutzung) sowie auf Grund des Linsentrockengewichts nach der Methode vonvan Haaften (1969) auf ihr Alter untersucht und die beiden Methoden miteinander verglichen. Beide Arten der Altersfeststellung liefern für Jungfüchse und Altfüchse bis zu 2 Jahren verläßliche Ergebnisse. Bei älteren Füchsen versagt die Zahnaltersbestimmung. Auf Grund mangelnder Vergleichsmöglichkeiten mit Füchsen bekannten Alters läßt sich zwar über die Sicherheit der Altersbestimmung mittels Linsentrockengewicht bei älteren als 2jährigen Füchsen noch keine endgültige Aussage machen, doch erscheint die Methode aufschlußreicher als die anderen Arten der Altersbestimmung. Tabelle 5 gibt die ermittelten Schwankungsbreiten der Augenlinsentrockengewichte bei Füchsen von 2 Monaten bis 2 Jahren an, die in einer graphischen Darstellung (Abb. 1) bis zum 8. Lebensjahr fortgeführt wird. In einer weiteren Graphik (Abb. 2) werden die Alterspyramiden nach Linsentrockengewicht und Zahnalter gegenübergestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01889796
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Endoparasitenspektrums des Gemswildes in der Schweiz (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 115-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Organs of six chamois originating from two subalpine areas in Switzerland were examined. 18 different species of nematodes were found in the digestive tract (namelyTrichostrongylus axei, Ostertagia circumcincta, O. leptospicularis, O. trifurcata, Marshallagia marshalli, Skrjabinagia kolchida, S. lyrata, Rinadia mathevossiani, Spiculopteragia böhmi, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus capricola, Cooperia oncophora, Nematodirus filicollis, N. helvetianus, Trichuris ovis, Oesophagostomum venulosum andChabertia ovina) and two additional species in the lungs (Protostrongylus rupicaprae andMuellerius capillaris). Two out of five animals examined were infected withEimeria spp. and three out of four animals withSarcocystis sp. The examination of 213 lungs of chamois from the cantons of Appenzell-Innerrhoden, Schwyz and Lucerne revealed 114 cases of protostrongylidoses due toProtostrongylus rupicaprae andNeostrongylus linearis and one case of dictyocaulosis. It is assumed that the trichostrongylid fauna of the chamois overlaps to a considerable extent with that of domestic ruminants, roe deer and red deer.
    Abstract: Résumé Des examens parasitologiques pratiqués chez six chamois du Jura d'Argovie et du Tössstock dans le Canton de Zurich ont mis en évidence 18 espèces de Nématodes du tube digestif (à direTrichostrongylus axei, Ostertagia circumcincta, O. leptospicularis, O. trifurcata, Marshallagia marshalli, Skrjabinagia kolchida, S. lyrata, Rinadia mathevossiani, Spiculopteragia böhmi, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus capricola, Cooperia oncophora, Nematodirus filicollis, N. helvetianus, Trichuris ovis, Oesophagostomum venulosum etChabertia ovina) et deux autres espèces dans les poumons (Protostrongylus rupicaprae etMuellerius capillaris). Deux animaux sur cinq étaient parasités parEimeria spp., trois sur quatre parSarcocystis. Sur 213 poumons examinés de chamois provenants des Cantons Appenzell-Innerrhoden, Schwyz et Lucerne 114 présentaient une infestation par des Protostrongylidés (Protostrongylus rupicaprae etNeostrongylus linearis) et 1 une infestation parDictyocaulus. On peut remarquer que la faune des Trichostrongylidés rencontrée chez les chamois est très proche de celle observée chez les ovins, caprins, bovidés domestiques ainsi que chez les chevreuils et cerfs d'Europe.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei sechs Gemsen aus dem Aargauer Jura und dem Tösstock im Kanton Zürich wurden 18 Nematodenarten im Magen-Darmtrakt und 2 weitere Arten in der Lunge gefunden. Bei 2 von 5 Tieren lag ein Befall mitEimeria spp. vor, 3 von 4 Tieren waren mitSarcocystis sp. infiziert. Von 213 Gemslungen aus den Kantonen Appenzell-Innerrhoden, Schwyz und Luzern wiesen 114 Protostrongyliden- und 1 Dictyocaulus-Befall auf. Es wird festgestellt, daß bei der Trichostrongylidenfauna der Gemse weitreichend Überschneidungen mit den Artenspektren bei Schaf und Ziege, Rind, Reh und Rotwild bestehen.
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    Der parasitologische Zustand von Gemspopulationen des schweizerischen Juras im Vergleich zu Alpengemsen (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 105-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Between the years 1970 and 1972 58 Swiss chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra L.) from the Jura mountains were studied for parasites. They were collected within the region Waldenburg — Olten — western Weißenstein (canton Basel-Landschaft and Solothurn) and in the Chasseral (canton Berne). Originally they had been transferred from the Swiss Alps to the Jura, where they were acclimatized. The following endoparasites were found: 3 lungworms, 8 gastro-intestinal nematodes (in some cases the species was not identified), 1 trematode, 2 cestodes and coccidia. The extensity and intensity of the species found were compared with two studies from Austria, and, in the case of lungworms, with a Swiss and a German report as well. Parasitic intensity and extensity seem less in the Bernese than in the Basel-Land and Solothurn Jura mountains. But in the entire Jura they are found to a lesser extent than in the reported regions of the Alps; sometimes this difference is very clear (exception:Protostrongylus in the cantons Basel-Landschaft and Solothurn). From the limited parasitic intensity and the low death rate among the Jura chamois it can be concluded that the Jura mountains are a favourable environment for these animals; there seems to be no overpopulation effect. The limited parasitic extensity as well suggests that the chamois population is not too dense; in addition the biotope appears unfavourable for the free-living stages of the parasites and the influence of a contact between chamois and domestic animals unimportant. The range of species found on this study was as to be expected.
    Abstract: Résumé Pendant les années 1970–1972 des recherches parasitologiques ont été faites sur le chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra L.) dans le Jura Suisse. 58 chamois, capturés dans la région de Waldenburg — Olten — partie ouest du Weissenstein (canton de Bâle-campagne et de Soleure) et du Chasseral (canton de Berne) ont été examinés. Toutes ces populations proviennent de quelques animaux introduits des Alpes Suisses. Les endoparasites trouvés sont les suivants: trois nématodes bronchiques, 8 nématodes gastro-intestinaux (qui n'ont pas tous été déterminés jusqu'à l'espèce), un trématode, deux cestodes et des coccidies. La fréquence et l'intensité des atteintes ont été comparées avec celles décrites dans deux travaux autrichiens. Les résultats sur les vers bronchiques ont en outre été comparés avec ceux présentés dans une publication suisse et allemande. Intensité et fréquence des atteintes semblent être un peu plus faibles dans le Jura bernois que dans le Jura soleurois et de Bâle-campagne. En tout cas elles sont plus faibles que dans les régions alpines qui nous servaient de comparaison. (Il existe une exception chezProtostrongylus dans les cantons de Bâle-campagne et de Soleure.) La faible intensité des atteintes et le fait qu'on trouve rarement des animaux péris mène à la conclusion que l'état sanitaire général des chamois jurassiens est assez bon. Selon toute vraisemblance la qualité du biotope jurassien convient au chamois et sa densité n'est pas exagérée. En outre, la faible fréquence des parasites affaiblit l'idée d'une surpopulation du chamois et laisse supposer que le biotope n'est pas favorable aux parasites pendant leur développement à l'exterieur de l'hôte. Le contact avec des bêtes domestiques, fréquent dans certaines régions du Jura, ne semble pas jouer un rôle important. Le nombre des espèces ne differt pas de ce que l'on pouvait attendre.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In den Jahren 1970–1972 wurden an 58 Schweizer Juragemsen (Rupicapra rupicapra [L.]) aus dem Raume Waldenburg — Olten — westlicher Weißenstein (Kantone Basel-Landschaft und Solothurn) und Chasseral (Kanton Bern) parasitologische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Die untersuchten Tiere stammen alle aus Populationen, die auf Aussetzungen von Gemsen aus den Schweizeralpen zurückgehen. An Endoparasiten wurden drei Lungennematoden, acht Magen-Darmnematoden (teilweise nicht bis auf die Art differenziert), ein Trematode, zwei Cestoden und Coccidien nachgewiesen. Die Befallsextensitäten und-intensitäten wurden mit zwei Untersuchungen aus Österreich verglichen, im Falle der Lungenwürmer zusätzlich mit einer schweizerischen und einer deutschen Arbeit. Befallsintensität und-extensität scheinen im Bernerjura etwas geringer zu sein als im Baselbieter- und Solothurnerjura. An beiden Orten sind sie, teilweise sehr eindeutig, niedriger als in den Vergleichsgebieten der Alpen. (Ausnahme:Protostrongylus in den Kantonen Basel-Landschaft und Solothurn.) Aus der geringen Intensität und dem seltenen Auftreten von Fallwild wird geschlossen, daß die Kondition der Juragemsen gut ist. Das könnte auf Eignung des Juras als Gemshabitat und auf das Fehlen von Übervölkerungseffekten hinweisen. Die geringe Extensität läßt ebenfalls nicht überhöhte Dichte vermuten, zusätzlich einen für die freien Parasiten ungünstigen Biotop und einen geringen Einfluß des vorhandenen Kontaktes mit Haustieren. Das Artenspektrum liegt im Rahmen des zu Erwartenden.
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    Papillomatose bei einem Damhirsch (Cervus dama L. 1758) (1974)
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    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 157-158 
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    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Papillomatosis was found in the praeputium of a male Fallow-deer.
    Abstract: Résumé Il est décrit un cas de papillomatose chez le daim dans la region du praeputium.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über einen Fall von Papillomatose im Bereich des Praeputium bei einem freilebenden Damhirsch berichtet.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01902633
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    Fruchttod beim Reh (1974)
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    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 159-161 
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    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A case of maceration of a fetus in the vagina of roe deer is reported.
    Abstract: Résumé Il est décrit la maceration d'un fetus dans la vagine chez le chevreuil.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Beobachtung von Fruchtmazeration in der Vagina beim Reh berichtet.
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    Mißbildung an Rehbockschädel (1974)
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    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 161-162 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The formation of a bone case on the right half of a roe deer cranium is described, which is probably the result of a slow growing tumour.
    Abstract: Résumé Description d'une excroissance osseuse sur la partie doite du crâne causée vraisemblablement par le développement progressif d'une tumeur.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Beschrieben wird die Ausbildung einer Knochenkapsel an der rechten Schädelhälfte eines Rehbockes, die vermutlich durch eine langsam wachsende Geschwulst entstanden ist.
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    Dreiwurzlige Praemolaren bei Rotfüchsen (1974)
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    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 163-165 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Amongst 4 of 488 Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) from the Canton of Berne (Switzerland), 5 Premolars with a third lateral root have been found (4 times in P2, 1 time in P4). Time and place of killing point to a genetic connection. Ecological aspects are discussed.
    Abstract: Résumé Chez 4 parmi 488 renards (Vulpes vulpes L.) du canton de Berne (Suisse), il y avait 5 prémolaires avec une troisième racine latérale (4 fois chez P2, 1 fois chez P4). Lieu et date des tirs indiquent une relation génétique. Des aspects écologiques sont discutés.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 4 von 488 Füchsen aus dem Kanton Bern (Schweiz) fanden sich 5 Prämolaren im Unterkiefer mit einer dritten lateralen Wurzel (viermal bei P2, einmal bei P4). Zeit und Ort der Abschüsse weisen auf eine genetische Verbindung hin. Ökologische Aspekte werden diskutiert.
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    Mallophaga in der Federspule des Auerhuhns (Tetrao urogallus L.) (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 165-169 
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    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Two unusual finds ofGoniodes sp. are described in the present paper. In the first capercaillie cook, 8 specimens ofGoniodes sp. were found within the quill cavity of the 10th primary just moulted (Fig. 1, 2). A facultative occurrence of the respective Mallophaga in such an uncommon milieu follows from the finds of its excrements and of the damaged interior of the quill. Bloody remains of mesodermal tissue filling the cavity of quills in two middle rectrices and in one secondary respectively were found on another cock shot not far from the place of the foregoing observation. In this latter case, a blood consumation byGoniodes sp. is presumed in some of living larvae as well as of adults according to the colour of their intestine (Fig. 3, 4).
    Abstract: Résumé On rend compte de la découverte de 8 exemplaires deGoniodes sp. dans le calamus d'une des 10ièmes rémiges primaires, récemment muée, d'un Grand Tétras (figures 1 et 2). L'examen des matières fécales et des septa distaux du calamus interne atteint milite en faveur d'une colonisation facultative deGoniodes sp. dans un site aussi inhabituel. Dans un autre Grand Tétras tiré à proximité on a constaté que les septa du calamus interne avaient été ensanglantés au niveau des deux rectrices médianes et dans une rémige secondaire. La couleur du conduit intestinal de certaines larves et imagos indique qu'ils se sont nourris de sang (figures 3 et 4).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Fund von 8 ExemplarenGoniodes sp. in der Federspule einer frisch gemauserten 10. Handschwinge eines Auerhahnes beschrieben (21. 5. 1972 Abb. 1, 2). Der Kot und die beschädigte Federseele sprechen für ein fakultatives Besiedeln dieses für die o. g. Gattung abnormalen Lebensraumes. Ein anderer unweit des ersten Fundortes erlegter Auerhahn hatte eine blutige Federseele in den zwei mittleren Stoßfedern und einer Armschwinge; bei einigen Larven und VollkerfenGoniodes sp. deutet die Farbe des Darmkanals auf Blutaufnahme (13. 5. 1973 Abb. 3, 4).
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    Übereinstimmungen in der Gehörnform beim Rehbock (1974)
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    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 207-209 
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    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The similarity of antler form, which can repeat itself for decades in a small region, is illustrated with the help of 4 photographs.
    Abstract: Résumé On relève, avec quatre documents photographiques à l'appui, les analogies de la forme des bois qui se sont reproduites sur un espace fort exigu, parfois au-delà de plusieurs dizaines d'années.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An Hand von 4 Photos wird auf Ähnlichkeiten in der Gehörnform hingewiesen, die sich zum Teil nach Jahrzehnten auf engstem Raum wiederholten.
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    Dr. Heinrich Wolf 65 Jahre (1974)
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    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 215-215 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Zur Altersbestimmung beim Feldhasen (Lepus europaeus Pallas) (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 20 (1974), S. 209-212 
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    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Three measurements were taken on each of 25 lower jaws of hare to estimate the possible interdependence in growth in length of the jaw, the tooth, and in width of the oral cavity. The date were not sufficient to establish clearly an age dependence, but a high probability points in this direction. This work will hopefully instigate further collection of data to enable age-estimation with the aid of age-dependent growth factors.
    Abstract: Résumé Trois mensurations (croissance en longueur du maxillaire inférieur, croissance en longueur des dents et croissance en largeur de la cavité dentaire) ont été effectuées sur les maxillaires inférieurs de 25 lièvres en vue de relever d'éventuelles corrélations avec leur âge. Malgré l'insuffisance du matériel examiné, une relation hautement probable a pu être mise en évidence. Ce travail devrait inciter les milieux cynégétiques à recueillir un matériel plus abondant qui permettrait d'élaborer une méthode de détermination de l'âge sur la base de ces relations biométriques.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An 25 Unterkiefern von Hasen wurden drei Meßwerte zum Längenwachstum des Unterkiefers, zum Längenwachstum des Zahnes und zum Breitenwachstum der Zahnhöhle auf ihre möglichen Abhängigkeiten zum Alter überprüft. Für eine exakten Nachweis der Altersabhängigkeit reichte das Material nicht aus, aber die hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit der Abhängigkeit konnte doch erhärtet werden. Durch diese Arbeit sollen größere Kreise veranlaßt werden, weiteres Kiefermaterial zu sammeln, um Abhängigkeiten nachweisen und zu einer Altersbestimmungsmethode ausbauen zu können.
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    Some recent results inn-person game theory (1971)
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    Mathematical programming 1 (1971), S. 58-67 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The discussion will center mainly on some work on two solution concepts: the core for gaines without side payments and the nucleolus for games with side payments (characteristic funtion games). The core has become an important equilibrium concept in mathematical economics. The nucleolus is related to the theory of bargaining sets.
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    Publications (1971)
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    Mathematical programming 1 (1971), S. 117-120 
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    The Mathematical Programming Society (1971)
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    Mathematical programming 1 (1971), S. 123-125 
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    Hybrid programs: Linear and least-distance (1971)
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    Mathematical programming 1 (1971), S. 153-167 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider a quadratic program equivalent to the general problem of minimizing a convex quadratic function of many variables subject to linear inequality constraints. In previous work [12], one of us presented an algorithm related to such problems, and classified them under “combinatorial equivalence”. The classification contained linear programs at one end (where the function has zero quadratic part) and least-distance programs at the other. A least-distance program is a problem of finding a point of a convex polyhedron which is at least distance from a given point; such programs have been studied by one of us [15, 17] and were shown to correspond to that case of the general problem where the function has positive definite quadratic part. We now extend the work on least-distance programs to those programs intermediate between linear and least-distance (called “essentially bisymmetric” in [12]), and show that such programs are really “hybrids”, with traits inherited from both parent programs: linear and leastdistance.
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    An “out-of-kilter” algorithm for solving minimum cost potential problems (1971)
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    Mathematical programming 1 (1971), S. 275-290 
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    Notes: Abstract An algorithm is given for solving the optimum potential problem, which is the dual of the classical “out-of-kilter” algorithm for flow problems. Moreover, a new proof of finiteness is provided, which holds even for non-rational data; it applies to all the algorithms of network theory which include a labeling process.
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    Publications (1972)
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    Mathematical programming 2 (1972), S. 130-132 
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    An algorithm for solving linearly constrained optimization problems (1972)
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    Mathematical programming 2 (1972), S. 133-165 
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    Notes: Abstract An algorithm for minimization of functions of many variables, subject possibly to linear constraints on the variables, is described. In it a subproblem is solved in which a quadratic approximation is made to the object function and minimized over a region in which the approximation is valid. A strategy for deciding when this region should be expanded or contracted is given. The quadratic approximation involves estimating the hessian of the object function by a matrix which is updated at each iteration by a formula recently reported by Powell [6]. This formula enables convergence of the algorithm from any feasible point to be proved. Use of such an approximation, as against using exact second derivatives, also enables a reduction of about 60% to be made in the number of operations to solve the subproblem. Numerical evidence is reported showing that the algorithm is efficient in the number of function evaluations required to solve well known test problems.
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    Maximal domains of quasi-convexity and pseudo-convexity for quadratic functions (1972)
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    Mathematical programming 3 (1972), S. 178-192 
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    Notes: Abstract We study quasi-convex and pseudo-convex quadratic functions on solid convex sets. This generalizes Martos' results in [12] and [13] by using Koecher's results in [8].
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    A partitioning algorithm for the multicommodity network flow problem (1972)
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    Mathematical programming 3 (1972), S. 157-177 
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    Notes: Abstract A partitioning algorithm for solving the general minimum cost multicommodity flow problem for directed graphs is presented in the framework of a network flow method and the dual simplex method. A working basis which is considerably smaller than the number of capacitated arcs in the given network is employed and a set of simple secondary constraints is periodically examined. Some computational aspects and preliminary experimental results are discussed.
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    Editorial policy (1972)
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    Mathematical programming 3 (1972), S. 396-396 
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    Homotopies for computation of fixed points (1972)
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    Mathematical programming 3 (1972), S. 1-22 
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    Notes: Abstract Given a point to set mapf on a simplex with certain conditions, an algorithm for computing fixed points is described. The algorithm operates by following the fixed point as an initially affine function is deformed towardsf.
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    On the basic theorem of complementarity (1971)
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    Mathematical programming 1 (1971), S. 68-75 
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    Notes: Abstract Using a fixed point theorem of Browder, the basic existence theorem of Lemke in linear complementarity theory is generalized to the nonlinear case.
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    An example of an ill-conditioned nlp problem (1971)
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    Mathematical programming 1 (1971), S. 113-116 
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    Matroids and the greedy algorithm (1971)
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    Mathematical programming 1 (1971), S. 127-136 
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    Notes: Abstract Linear-algebra rank is the solution to an especially tractable optimization problem. This tractability is viewed abstractly, and extended to certain more general optimization problems which are linear programs relative to certain derived polyhedra.
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    Penalty function versus non-penalty function methods for constrained nonlinear programming problems (1971)
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    Mathematical programming 1 (1971), S. 217-238 
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    Notes: Abstract The relative merits of using sequential unconstrained methods for solving: minimizef(x) subject tog i (x) ⩾ 0, i = 1, ⋯, m, h j (x) = 0, j = 1, ⋯, p versus methods which handle the constraints directly are explored. Nonlinearly constrained problems are emphasized. Both classes of methods are analyzed as to parameter selection requirements, convergence to first and second-order Kuhn-Tucker Points, rate of convergence, matrix conditioning problems and computations required.
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    Discrete optimization on a multivariable boolean lattice (1971)
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    Mathematical programming 1 (1971), S. 301-306 
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    Notes: Abstract Consider the problem of finding the minimum value of a scalar objective function whose arguments are theN components of 2 N vector elements partially ordered as a Boolean lattice. If the function is strictly decreasing along any shortest path from the minimum point to its logical complement, then the minimum can be located precisely after sequential measurement of the objective function atN + 1 points. This result suggests a new line of research on discrete optimization problems.
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    Referees 1971 (1971)
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    Mathematical programming 1 (1971), S. 376-376 
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    Mathematical programming 4 (1973), S. 118-119 
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    A computational comparison of some non-linear programs (1973)
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    Mathematical programming 4 (1973), S. 144-154 
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    Notes: Abstract This article deals mainly with a comparison of certain computational techniques used for the solution of non-linear constrained mathematical programming problems.
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    Two commodity network flows and linear programming (1973)
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    Mathematical programming 4 (1973), S. 1-20 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper shows that the linear programming formulation of the two-commodity network flow problem leads to a direct derivation of the known results concerning this problem. An algorithm for solving the problem is given which essentially consists of two applications of the Ford—Fulkerson max flow computation. Moreover, the algorithm provides constructive proofs for the results. Some new facts concerning feasible integer flows are also given.
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    Matching, Euler tours and the Chinese postman (1973)
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    Mathematical programming 5 (1973), S. 88-124 
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    Notes: Abstract The solution of the Chinese postman problem using matching theory is given. The convex hull of integer solutions is described as a linear programming polyhedron. This polyhedron is used to show that a good algorithm gives an optimum solution. The algorithm is a specialization of the more generalb-matching blossom algorithm. Algorithms for finding Euler tours and related problems are also discussed.
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    The Mathematical Programming Society (1973)
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    Mathematical programming 5 (1973), S. 127-127 
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    Mathematical programming 5 (1973), S. 381-384 
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    Mathematical programming 5 (1973), S. 386-386 
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    Mathematical programming 5 (1973), S. 387-387 
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    The Mathematical Programming Society (1973)
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    Mathematical programming 5 (1973), S. 388-388 
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    Mathematical programming 5 (1973), S. 385-385 
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    Pivot selection methods of the Devex LP code (1973)
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    Mathematical programming 5 (1973), S. 1-28 
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    Notes: Abstract Pivot column and row selection methods used by the Devex code since 1965 are published here for the first time. After a fresh look at the iteration process, the author introduces dynamic column weighting factors as a means of estimating gradients for the purpose of selecting a maximum gradient column. The consequent effect of this column selection on rounding error is observed. By allowing that a constraint may not be positioned so exactly as its precise representation in the computer would imply, a wider choice of pivot row is made available, so making room for a further selection criterion based on pivot size. Three examples are given of problems having between 2500 and 5000 rows, illustrating the overall time and iteration advantages over the standard simplex methods used today. The final illustration highlights why these standard methods take so many iterations. These algorithms were originally coded for the Atlas computer and were re-coded in 1969 for the Univac 1108.
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    Stability of the solution of definite quadratic programs (1973)
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    Mathematical programming 5 (1973), S. 41-53 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper studies how the solution of the problem of minimizingQ(x) = 1/2x T Kx − k T x subject toGx ≦ g andDx = d behaves whenK, k, G, g, D andd are perturbed, say by terms of size∈, assuming thatK is positive definite. It is shown that in general the solution moves by roughly∈ ifG, g, D andd are not perturbed; whenG, g, D andd are in fact perturbed, much stronger hypotheses allow one to show that the solution moves by roughly∈. Many of these results can be extended to more general, nonquadratic, functionals.
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    Edmonds polytopes and weakly hamiltonian graphs (1973)
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    Mathematical programming 5 (1973), S. 29-40 
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    Notes: Abstract Jack Edmonds developed a new way of looking at extremal combinatorial problems and applied his technique with a great success to the problems of the maximal-weight degreeconstrained subgraphs. Professor C. St. J.A. Nash-Williams suggested to use Edmonds' approach in the context of hamiltonian graphs. In the present paper, we determine a new set of inequalities (the “comb inequalities”) which are satisfied by the characteristic functions of hamiltonian circuits but are not explicit in the straightforward integer programming formulation. A direct application of the linear programming duality theorem then leads to a new necessary condition for the existence of hamiltonian circuits; this condition appears to be stronger than the ones previously known. Relating linear programming to hamiltonian circuits, the present paper can also be seen as a continuation of the work of Dantzig, Fulkerson and Johnson on the traveling salesman problem.
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    On L1 and Chebyshev estimation (1973)
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    Mathematical programming 5 (1973), S. 73-87 
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    Notes: Abstract The problem considered here is that of fitting a linear function to a set of points. The criterion normally used for this is least squares. We consider two alternatives, viz., least sum of absolute deviations (called the L1 criterion) and the least maximum absolute deviation (called the Chebyshev criterion). Each of these criteria give rise to a linear program. We develop some theoretical properties of the solutions and in the light of these, examine the suitability of these criteria for linear estimation. Some of the estimates obtained by using them are shown to be counter-intuitive.
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    A revised simplex method for linear multiple objective programs (1973)
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    Mathematical programming 5 (1973), S. 54-72 
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    Notes: Abstract For linear multiple-objective problems, a necessary and sufficient condition for a point to be efficient is employed in the development of a revised simplex algorithm for the enumeration of the set of efficient extreme points. Five options within this algorithm were tested on a variety of problems. Results of these tests provide indications for effective use of the algorithm.
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    Terse reviews (1974)
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    Mathematical programming 6 (1974), S. 234-240 
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    A note on a theorem of F. Browder (1974)
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    Mathematical programming 6 (1974), S. 229-233 
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    Notes: Abstract A particular case of a mathematical theorem of F. Browder on the behavior of the fixed point set of a mapping under variations of a parameter has recently found applications in programming theory in connection with the abstract (non-linear) complementarity problem (see Eaves, [2, 3]). Two relevant extensions of Browder's result are provided: The first asserts that, under smoothness assumptions, the connected set of fixed points one gets from Browder's theorem is “generically” an arc; the second gives a generalization to the case where the mapping is an upper hemicontinuous contractible valued correspondence.
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    Mathematical programming 6 (1974), S. 371-371 
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    On the convergence of SUMT (1974)
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    Mathematical programming 6 (1974), S. 360-364 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper investigates some convergence properties of Fiacco and McCormick's SUMT algorithm. A convex programming problem is given for which the SUMT algorithm generates a unique unconstrained minimizing trajectory having an infinite number of accumulation points, each a global minimizer to the original convex programming problem.
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    Packing rooted directed cuts in a weighted directed graph (1974)
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    Mathematical programming 6 (1974), S. 1-13 
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    Notes: Abstract A simple algorithm is described for constructing a maximum packing of cuts directed away from a distinguished vertex, called the root, in a directed graph, each of whose edges has a nonnegative weight, and it is shown that the maximum packing value is equal to the weight of a minimum-weight spanning arborescence directed away from the root.
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    On pricing and backward transformation in linear programming (1974)
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    Mathematical programming 6 (1974), S. 42-47 
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper we re-examine some of the available methods for pricing out the columns in the simplex method and point out their potential advantages and disadvantages. In particular, we show that a simple formula for updating the pricing vector can be used with some advantage in the standard product form simplex algorithm and with very considerable advantage in two recent developments: P.M.J. Harris' dynamic scaling method and the Forrest—Tomlin method for maintaining triangular factors of the basis.
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    On the existence of optimal solutions to integer and mixed-integer programming problems (1974)
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    Mathematical programming 7 (1974), S. 223-235 
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    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present sufficient conditions for the existence of optimal solutions to integer and mixed-integer programming problems in the absence of upper bounds on the integer variables. It is shown that (in addition to feasibility and boundedness of the objective function) (1) in the pure integer case a sufficient condition is that all of the constraints (other than non-negativity and integrality of the variables) beequalities, and (2) that in the mixed-integer caserationality of the constraint coefficients is sufficient. Some computational implications of these results are also given.
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    Fenchel and Lagrange duality are equivalent (1974)
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    Mathematical programming 7 (1974), S. 253-258 
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    The Mathematical Programming Society (1974)
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    Mathematical programming 7 (1974), S. 262-262 
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    A bilinear programming formulation of the 3-dimensional assignment problem (1974)
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    Mathematical programming 7 (1974), S. 376-379 
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    On the selection of parameters in Self Scaling Variable Metric Algorithms (1974)
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    Mathematical programming 7 (1974), S. 351-367 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper addresses the problem of selecting the parameter in a family of algorithms for unconstrained minimization known as Self Scaling Variable Metric (SSVM) Algorithms. This family, that has some very attractive properties, is based on a two parameter formula for updating the inverse Hessian approximation, in which the parameters can take any values between zero and one. Earlier results obtained for SSVM algorithms apply to the entire family and give no indication of how the choice of parameter may affect the algorithm's performance. In this paper, we examine empirically the effect of varying the parameters and relaxing the line-search. Theoretical consideration also leads to a switching tule for these parameters. Numerical results obtained for the SSVM algorithm indicate that with proper parameter selection it is superior to the DFP algorithm, particularly for high-dimensional problems.
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    Mathematical programming 7 (1974), S. 388-388 
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    Note on an extension of “Davidon” methods to nondifferentiable functions (1974)
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    Mathematical programming 7 (1974), S. 384-387 
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    Notes: Abstract Some properties of “Davidon”, or variable metric, methods are studied from the viewpoint of convex analysis; they depend on the convexity of the function to be minimized rather than on its being approximately quadratic. An algorithm is presented which generalizes the variable metric method, and its convergence is shown for a large class of convex functions.
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    Über die Nullstellenbestimmung bei näherungsweise berechneten Funktionen (1972)
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    Computing 10 (1972), S. 23-31 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Rounding errors which are inevitably made during the evaluation of a function by a computer lead to the problem of calculating zeros of an approximately computed function. We describe some methods generating simultaneously lower and upper bounds for zeros including all round-off errors automatically. A comparison with running error analysis [19] is given.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Betrachtet wird die Aufgabe der Nullstelleneingrenzung von nur näherungsweise berechenbaren Funktionen. Dazu werden Verfahren verwendet, welche sowohl die unvermeidlichen Rundungsfehler als auch Ungenauigkeiten in den Ausgangsdaten automatisch miterfassen. Nach einer Beschreibung der zugrundeliegenden Methoden wird ein Vergleich mit anderen bekannten Vorgehensweisen, insbesondere mit running error analysis [19], gezogen.
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    Algorithmus zur Bestimmung von Abständen in endlichen, gerichteten und unbewerteten Graphen (1972)
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    Computing 10 (1972), S. 107-109 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Given a graph by a node-node-matrix. One finds the distanced ij of two nodesP i andP j by using binary operations between the rows of the node-node-matrix.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein Graph sei gegeben durch seine Knoten-Knoten-Matrix. Den Abstandd ij von zwei KnotenP i undP j des Graphen bestimmt man mit Hilfe von binären Verknüpfungen der Zeilen der Knoten-Knoten-Matrix.
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    Automatic a priori round-off analysis (1972)
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    Computing 10 (1972), S. 97-106 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Effekt der Rundungsfehler in einem algebraischen Prozeß wird oft mit einer sogenannten Rückwärtsanalyse untersucht. Wir wollen hier die Möglichkeit untersuchen, diese Analyse auf einem Computer auszuführen. Wir beginnen mit einer genauen Definition eines stabilen Algorithmus, oder aber eines Algorithmus der relativ unempfindlich auf Rundungsfehler reagiert.
    Notes: Abstract The effect of rounding errors on an algebraic process is often investigated by means of a so-called backward analysis. In this paper we will discuss the possibility of performing such an analysis on a computer. We begin with a precise definition of a stable algorithm, i.e., an algorithm which is relatively insensitive to rounding errors.
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    Normalformen planarer Graphen (1972)
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    Computing 10 (1972), S. 137-152 
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    Über Pivot-Strategien bei der Lösung linearer Gleichungssysteme (1972)
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    Computing 10 (1972), S. 167-175 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract When solving linear equations with elimination methods, pivotal strategies are used to improve numerical precision. In this paper some new pivotal strategies are suggested and compared with known strategies by means of numerical experiments.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei der Lösung linearer Gleichungssysteme mit Eliminationsmethoden verwendet man Pivot-Strategien zur Steigerung der numerischen Genauigkeit. In dieser Arbeit werden einige neue Pivot-Strategien vorgeschlagen und mit bekannten Strategien an Hand numerischer Experimente verglichen.
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    Buchbesprechungen (1972)
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    Computing 10 (1972), S. 189-190 
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    Dynamische Optimierung zur allgemeinen Spline-Approximation mit Ungleichungsnebenbedingungen und Anwendung auf Optimierungsberechnungen beim Entwurf von Straßen (1972)
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    Computing 10 (1972), S. 191-204 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A coherence is pointed out between a general spline-approximation and the dynamic programming. In this way it is possible to construct a numerical method for the solution of complicated approximation problems. For instance eachLp-approximation including the Tschebyscheff-approximation problem may be solved regarding inequality constraints between the element parameters of the spline function and varying the generally fixed spline knots. Moreover it is possible to treat more general problems arising from optimisation calculations during the design of roads.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Zusammenhang hergestellt zwischen einer verallgemeinerten Spline-Approximation und der dynamischen Optimierung. Dadurch ist es möglich, ein numerisches Verfahren zur Lösung von komplizierten Approximationsaufgaben anzugeben. Beispielsweise läßt sich damit jedeLp-Approximation einschließlich der Tschebyscheff-Approximation numerisch behandeln unter Berücksichtigung von Ungleichungsnebenbedingungen zwischen den Elementparametern der Spline-Funktion und unter Freigabe der üblicherweise festgehaltenen Spline-Knoten. Darüber hinaus lassen sich dadurch allgemeinere Aufgaben lösen, die bei Optimierungsberechnungen während der Entwurfsbearbeitung von Straßen auftreten können.
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    Clustering of one-dimensional ordered data (1973)
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    Computing 11 (1973), S. 175-177 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Menge vonn geordneten reellen Zahlen wird mittels vollständiger Enumeration ink Teilmengen (Cluster) derart zerlegt, daß die Summe der Summe der Abweichungsquadrate vom Mittelwert innerhalb jeder Teilmenge minimiert wird.
    Notes: Abstract A set ofn ordered real numbers is partitioned by complete enumeration intok clusters such that the sum of the sum of squared deviations from the mean-value within each cluster is minimized.
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    Buchbesprechung (1973)
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    Computing 11 (1973), S. 179-180 
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    Multiprogramming für DV-Anlagen mittlerer Leistung (1973)
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    Computing 11 (1973), S. 213-220 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The situation of the hardwaretechnic enables also computers of average-performance to install the multiprogramming operational-mode. The structure and the strategy of a supplementary program for the semi-automatical multiprogramming operation will be stated. By these means the computers may be used more economically with only small additional display of software.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Stand der Hardwaretechnik erlaubt durchaus auch für DV-Anlagen mittlerer Leistung die Einführung des Multiprogramming-Betriebsmodus. Es wird die Struktur und die Strategie eines Zusatzprogrammes zum halbautomatischen Multiprogrammingbetrieb angegeben. Dadurch können DV-Anlagen bei geringem zusätzlichem Softwareaufwand rationeller als bisher genutzt werden.
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    Rundungsfehler beim „All-integer Integer Programming Algorithm” von Gomory (1973)
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    Computing 11 (1973), S. 249-254 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The paper describes a surprisingly occuring rounding error in Gomory's all-integer algorithm for the solution of linear integer programming problems. A modification for the numerical stabilization of the algorithm is quoted.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit beschreibt einen überraschenderweise bei Gomorys ganzzahligem Algorithmus zur Lösung rein-ganzzahliger linearer Optimierungsprobleme auftretenden Rundungsfehler. Eine Modifikation zur numerischen Stabilisierung des Verfahrens wird angegeben.
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    Buchbesprechungen (1973)
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    Computing 11 (1973), S. 305-306 
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    A stable explicit difference approximation of the one-dimensional diffusion equation (1973)
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    Computing 11 (1973), S. 315-325 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zuerst wird ein explizites Differenzenverfahren beschrieben, das die eindimensionale Wärmeleitungs-gleichung approximiert und bei willkürlicher Wahl des Differenzengitters stabil ist. Dann folgt die Beschreibung eines Glättungsverfahrens, das die praktische Anwendung dieser Methode ermöglicht.
    Notes: Abstract An explicit difference approximation of the one-dimensional diffusion equation equation, which is stable for any choice of the difference gird and has a comparatively small truncation error, is described. A smoothing formula, which makes the practical use of this method possible, is given.
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    Optimale Basiswahl für eine Gleitkomma-Arithmetik (1973)
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    Computing 11 (1973), S. 353-363 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Choosing an internal floating-point representation for a binary computer with given word-length is influenced by two factors: the size of the range of admissible numbers and the precision of the respective floating-point arithmetic. In this paper “precision” is defined by a statistical model of rounding errors. According to this definition base 4 floating-point arithmetic on an average produces smaller rounding errors than all other floating-point arithmetics with a base 2k, provided that the ranges of numbers have equal size.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei der Auswahl einer internen Gleitkomma-Darstellung für einen binären Computer mit gegebener Wortlänge sind zwei Gesichtspunkte maßgebend: erstens die Größe des zulässigen Zahlbereichs und zweitens die Genauigkeit der zugehörigen Gleitkomma-Arithmetik. In dieser Arbeit wird der Begriff Genauigkeit über ein statistisches Rundungsfehlermodell definiert. Dann wird gezeigt, daß bei binären Computern Gleitkomma-Arithmetik zur Basis 4 durchschnittlich kleinere Rundungsfehler liefert als alle anderen Gleitkomma-Arithmetiken zu einer Basis 2k bei gleicher Größe des zulässigen Zahlbereichs.
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    Monotonie- und Randmaximumsätze bei Diskretisierungen des Dirichletproblems allgemeiner nichtlinearer elliptischer Differentialgleichungen (1973)
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    Computing 11 (1973), S. 391-401 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In this paper we consider finite difference operators which approximate the dirichlet problem of general nonlinear elliptic equations. For such nonlinear operators we give several criteria which insure the validity of an discrete monotonicity and maximum principle. In the case of linear difference operators one of these criteria is known as a necessary and sufficient condition.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Differenzenoperatoren als Approximationen des Dirichletproblems allgemeiner nichtlinearer elliptischer Differentialgleichungen betrachtet. Für diese nichtlinearen Operatoren werden verschiedene Kriterien angegeben, welche die Gültigkeit eines diskreten Monotonie- und Randmaximumprinzips sichern. Eines dieser Kriterien ist bei linearen Differenzenoperatoren bekannt als notwendige und hinreichende Bedingung.
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    Verallgemeinerte Differenzierbarkeitsbegriffe und ihre Anwendung in der Optimierungstheorie (1974)
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    Computing 12 (1974), S. 17-41 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Several kinds of differentiability are defined, which are adapted to the study of a large class of optimization problems. A theory is constructed with special respect to problems with nonsmooth target-functions and side conditions.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es werden Differenzierbarkeitsbegriffe eingeführt, die sich zum Studium einer großen Klasse von Optimierungsaufgaben eignen. Besondere Berücksichtigung finden dabei Aufgaben mit nichtglatten Zielfunktionen und Nebenbedingungen.
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    Hypernormbälle als abstrakte Schrankenzahlen (1974)
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    Computing 12 (1974), S. 67-73 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Generalized norms are used to define hypernormballs in linear spaces. It turns out that the intervals, intervalvectors, intervalmatrices and intervalfunctions of Interval Analysis are special hypernormballs. Then the induced algebraic structure in the space of hypernormballs is investigated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In linearen Räumen werden mittels eines verallgemeinerten Normbegriffes gewisse Teilmengen ausgezeichnet, die Hypernormbälle. Es zeigt sich, daß die in der Intervallrechnung auftretenden Intervalle, Intervallvektoren, Intervallmatrizen und Intervallfunktionen spezielle Hypernormbälle sind. Sodann wird die induzierte algebraische Struktur im Raum der Hypernormbälle untersucht.
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    Über allgemeine Gaußsche Quadraturen (1972)
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    Computing 10 (1972), S. 83-95 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract As well known, Gauss-quadrature formulas are constructed by integration of suitably choosen Hermitian interpolating polynomials. At first, a general linear interpolating operator and its error-term are given. Integrating this operator, one yields quadrature formulas containing some first derivatives of the integrand-function. By the requirement, that the weights of these derivatives should vanish all together, we get general quadrature formulas of Gauss-type. For some special basic functions of the interpolating operator, vanishing of the weights of the derivatives is necessary for minimization of the quadrature error. The general Gauss-quadratures may be determinated algebraically if sufficiently many fix-elements of the interpolating operator are known. As special cases one has, besides the known usual Gauss-quadratures and Wilf's quadrature procedure, a very surprising result.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Gaußschen Quadraturformeln erhält man bekanntlich durch Integration geeignet gewählter Hermitescher Interpolationspolynome. Zunächst wird hier ein allgemeiner linearer Interpolationsoperator mit Restglied angegeben. Durch Integration dieses Operators erhält man Quadraturformeln die neben Funktionswerten auch Werte der 1. Ableitung des Integranden enthalten. Fordert man, daß die Gewichte dieser Ableitungswerte sämtlich verschwinden, so erhält man allgemeine Gaußsche Quadraturformeln. Bei speziellen Arten von Basisfunktionen des Interpolationsoperators ist das Verschwinden der Gewichte der Ableitungswerte notwendig für die Minimierung des Quadraturrestes. Die allgemeinen Gaußschen Quadraturformeln lassen sich bei Kenntnis von hinreichend vielen Fixelementen des Interpolations-operators auch algebraisch herleiten. Als Sonderfälle erhält man neben der bekannten gewöhnlichen Gauß-Quadratur das Wilfsche Quadraturverfahren, ein sehr überraschendes Ergebnis.
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    Normalformen planarer Graphen (1972)
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    Computing 10 (1972), S. 121-136 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In Part I is shown, how to decompose a connected graph into triply connected components in a canonical manner and how to compute a standard form of an arbitrary graph from standard forms of triply connected graphs. Hence, in part II a method is given, which allows to construct a standard form of triply connected planar graphs. Besides that, an ALGOL-program is presented which realizes both this method and a planarity criterium.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In Teil I wird gezeigt, wie ein zusammenhängender Graph in kanonischer Weise in dreifach-zusammenhängende Komponenten zerlegt werden kann, und wie man aus Normalformen dreifach-zusammenhängender Graphen Normalformen beliebiger Graphen erhält. In Teil II wird dann eine Methode zur Gewinnung von Normalformen dreifach-zusammenhängender Graphen dargestellt. Außerdem wird ein ALGOL-Programm angegeben, das diese Methode sowie ein Planaritätskriterium realisiert.
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    Über Struktur und Abschätzungen der Lösungsmenge von linearen Gleichungssystemen mit Intervallkoeffizienten (1972)
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    Computing 10 (1972), S. 231-244 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In this paper an intervalanalytic generalization of the theorem ofPrager-Oettli is used to characterize the solution-set of an, n-system of linear equations with interval coefficients as union of convex polyhedra with special properties. Then it is shown how to deduce from the theorem ofPrager-Oettli a nearly optimaln-interval contained in the solution-set. On the other hand the problem of finding with reasonable expense sharpn-intervals containing the solution-set is solved only for special cases. Some results on this problem are discussed; a numerical example shows the importance of criteria, under which sharpn-intervals can be computed with reasonable effort.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird mit Hilfe einer intervallanalytischen Verallgemeinerung des Satzes vonPrager-Oettli die Lösungsmenge von Intervallgleichungssystemen als Vereinigung von konvexen Polyedern mit speziellen Eigenschaften charakterisiert. Anschließend wird gezeigt, wie sich aus dem Satz vonPrager-Oettli brauchbare Innenabschätzungen der Lösungsmenge ableiten lassen. Dagegen ist das Problem, möglichst scharfe Außenabschätzungen mit vertretbarem Aufwand zu bestimmen, vorerst nur unter gewissen Voraussetzungen gelöst. Einige Ergebnisse zu diesem Problem werden diskutiert; ein numerisches Beispiel verdeutlicht die Bedeutung von Kriterien, unter denen scharfe Außenabschätzungen mit vertretbarem Aufwand berechnet werden können.
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    ℜ-Netzwerke und Matrixalgorithmen (1972)
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    Computing 10 (1972), S. 271-283 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Floyd developed a matrix algorithm to find all shortest paths in a network. If we modify the algebraic structure of the network the same algorithm can be applied to large number of other problems. A general theory for these algorithms is developed and applied to numerous problems.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Floyd entwickelte einen Matrixalgorithmus zur Bestimmung der Längen aller kürzesten Wege in einem Netzwerk. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird gezeigt, daß, falls man den Begriff des Netzwerkes etwas verallgemeinert, sich mit Hilfe des gleichen Verfahrens eine Fülle von grundverschiedenen Problemen lösen läßt. Es wird eine entsprechende Theorie entwickelt und an Beispielen erläutert.
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    Automatische Abbildung eines planaren Graphen in einen ebenen Streckengraphen (1972)
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    Computing 10 (1972), S. 317-333 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The paper describes an automatic drawing algorithm permitting every planar graph to be displayed with straight lines in the plane, if the cyclic order of the adjacent vertices for every vertex of the graph is found out by a topological algorithm for planarity. In this connection also a sufficient condition is proved for the uniqueness of the above mentioned cyclic order in every drawing without crossings.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein automatischer Zeichenalgorithmus beschrieben, der es gestattet, jeden planaren Graphen geradlinig in die Ebene abzubilden, wenn die zyklische Reihenfolge der Nachbarknoten nach einem topologischen Planarisierungsalgorithmus für jeden Knoten des Graphen bekannt ist. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch eine hinreichende Bedingung dafür angegeben, daß die oben erwähnte zyklische Reihenfolge in einer kreuzungsfreien Zeichung des Graphen durch diesen eindeutig bestimmt ist.
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    The asymptotic distribution of random clumps (1972)
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    Computing 10 (1972), S. 335-351 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Verteilt man geometrische Objekte in zufälliger Lage im Raum oder in der Ebene, so bilden sich durch Überlappen sogenannteKlumpen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die asymptotische Verteilung der Anzahl von Klumpen gegebener Größe und topologischer Struktur innerhalb des folgenden Modells untersucht: Sindx 1, ...,x n Punkte im ℝ n und istU=-U⊂ℝ eine symmetrische Menge, dannüberlappen sich die Punktex i undx j , oder besser, sie bilden eineU-Koinzidenz, genau dann, wennx i −x j ∈U gilt. Wir ordnen den Punktenx 1, ...,x n undU den sogenanntenKoinzidenzgraphen G(x 1, ...,x n ;U)≔≔({1, ...,n}, {[i, j]:1≤i〈j≤n, x i −x j ∈U}) zu und fragen nach der AnzahlL(x 1, ...,x n ;U, H) zusammenhängender Komponenten vonG(...), die zu einem festen GraphenH isomorph sind. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die asymptotische Verteilung vonL(...) unter verschiedenen Voraussetzungen über die Verteilung der Punktex 1, ...,x n sowie die Größe vonU untersucht. In Abhängigkeit von diesen Voraussetzungen ist die asymptotische Verteilung vonL(...) entweder eine Normal- oder eine Poisson-Verteilung.
    Notes: Abstract When objects are scattered at random in the plane or in space, some of them overlap to form clumps. It is the object of the present paper to study the asymptotic distribution of the number of clumps of given size and topological structure generated within the following model: Ifx 1, ...,x n are points in ℝ n andU=-U⊂ℝ n is a symmetric set, then the pointsx i andx j are said tooverlap or rather to form aU-coincidence, ifx i −x j ∈U. Adjoining tox 1, ...,x n andU, the graphG(x 1, ...,x n ;U)≔({1, ..., n}, {[i, j]:1≤i〈j≤n;x i −x j ∈U}), the so calledcoincidence-graph, we ask for the number of connected components of this graph isomorphic to a given graphH and call this numberL9x 1, ...x n ;U, H). In the paper, the asymptotic distribution ofL(...) under various assumptions about the distribution of the pointsx 1, ...,x n and the size ofU is studied. Depending on these assumptions, we prove that the asymptotic distribution ofL(...) is either Poisson or normal.
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    Trivial integer programs unsolvable by branch-and-bound (1974)
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    Mathematical programming 6 (1974), S. 105-109 
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    Editorial policy (1974)
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    Mathematical programming 6 (1974), S. 118-118 
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    Nested decomposition for dynamic models (1974)
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    Mathematical programming 6 (1974), S. 121-140 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This nested decomposition algorithm is intended for solving linear programs with the staircase structure that is characteristic of dynamic multi-sector models for economic development. Staircase problems represent a special case of the discrete-time optimal control problem. Our method is based upon the same principles as that of Glassey [5], but appears easier to describe and to relate to control theory. Computational experience is reported for a series of test problems. The algorithm has been coded in MPL, an experimental language for mathematical programming. This translator has made it possible to obtain a more readable program — and with fewer instructions — than one written in a conventional language. However, because the present version of MPL does not permit the use of slow access memory, this has prevented us from exploring the full potential of nested decomposition for solving larger problems than can be handled by conventional simplex techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580231
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  • 94
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    Modified regularity conditions for nonlinear programming problems over mixed cone domains (1974)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 6 (1974), S. 167-179 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In earlier results by Sposito and David, Kuhn—Tucker duality was established over nondegenerate cone domains (not necessarily polyhedral) without differentiability under a certain natural modification of the Slater condition, in addition to the convexity of a certain auxiliary set. This note extends Kuhn—Tucker duality to optimization problems with both nondegenerate and degenerate cone domains. Moreover, under a different condition than presented in earlier results by the author, this note develops Kuhn—Tucker duality for a certain class of nonlinear problems with linear constraints and an arbitrary objective function.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580234
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  • 95
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    Stochastic behaviour of a parallel redundant complex system with three types of components (1974)
    Springer
    Computing 13 (1974), S. 385-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02241726
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  • 96
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    Zur Lösung des Kontaktproblems elastischer Körper mit ausgedehnter Kontaktfläche durch quadratische Programmierung (1974)
    Springer
    Computing 13 (1974), S. 353-384 
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    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract An elastic body in contact with an elastic or rigid subgrade is represented by Finite Elements. The total potential energy of the system under consideration of linearly elastic material and small deformations is now a quadratic function of the nodal deformations and the nodal values of the contact pressure which is approximated by a polynomial. Only a part of the surface of the body must be proposed which includes the real contact surface. After evaluation of the equilibrium equations and the contact condition in an inequality and a linear transformation of the nodal variables, all relations are now so formulated, that minimization of total potential energy can be expressed as a Quadratic Program in the unknown nodal deformations and nodal values of contact pressure. Standard Programs can now be used for solution.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der mit einer elastischen oder starren Unterlage in Kontakt tretende Körper wird durch finite Elemente repräsentiert. Die totale potentielle Energie des Systems ist bei elastischem Materialverhalten und kleinen Verformungen eine quadratische Funktion in den Knotenvariablen und den Knotenpunktsordinaten der durch ein Polynom approximierten Kontaktdruckverteilung. Dazu ist nur ein Bereich auf der Oberfläche des Körpers festzulegen, innerhalb dessen die aktuelle Kontaktfläche liegen muß. Nach Ermittlung der Gleichgewichtsbedingungen und der entsprechenden Kontaktbedingung als Ungleichung sowie einer linearen Transformation der Knotenvariablen werden num sämtliche Beziehungen so formuliert, daß sich die Minimierung der totalen potentiellen Energie als ein Quadratisches Programm in den Knotenvariablen und den entsprechenden Ordinaten der Kontaktdruckverteilung darstellen läßt. Die Lösung des quadratischen Programmes kann mit Standardprogrammen durchgeführt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02241725
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  • 97
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    Editorial policy (1974)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 7 (1974), S. 260-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01585525
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  • 98
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    Coefficient reduction for inequalities in 0–1 variables (1974)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 7 (1974), S. 263-282 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract For a given inequality with 0–1 variables, there are many other “equivalent” inequalities with exactly the same 0–1 feasible solutions. The set of all equivalent inequalities is characterized, and methods to construct the equivalent inequality with smallest coefficients are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01585527
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  • 99
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    A complementary variant of Lemke's method for the linear complementary problem (1974)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 7 (1974), S. 283-310 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An algorithm for the linear complementarity problem is developed which uses principal pivots only. The algorithm is shown to be equivalent to Lemke's algorithm. The advantage of the proposed algorithm is that infeasibility tests may be made after each principal pivot. One such test is equivalent to a check whether the matrix satisfies the “plus” condition of copositive plus matrices or the condition of classL 2 of Eaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01585528
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  • 100
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    A “from scratch” proof of a theorem of Rockafellar and Fulkerson (1974)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 7 (1974), S. 368-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The theorem of this paper is of the same general class as Farkas' Lemma, Stiemke's Theorem, and the Kuhn—Fourier Theorem in the theory of linear inequalities. LetV be a vector subspace ofR n , and let intervalsI 1,⋯, I n of real numbers be prescribed. A necessary and sufficient condition is given for existence of a vector (x 1 ,⋯, x n ) inV such thatx i ∈I i (i = 1, ⋯,n); this condition involves the “elementary vectors” (nonzero vectors with minimal support) ofV ⊥. The proof of the theorem uses only elementary linear algebra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01585531
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