ALBERT

Anmerkung: Inhalt: Vorwort. - Öl und Gas aus dem Meer. - Den Energiehunger stillen. - Erdgas und Erdöl gewinnen. - Von der Verölung der Ozeane. - Conclusio: Weniger Ölverschmutzung im Meer - trotz steigenden Energiebedarfs. - Tagebau am Meeresgrund. - Rohstoffe für die Welt. - Begehrte Manganknollen. - Metallreiche Krusten. - Massivsulfide - im Rauch der Tiefe. - Conclusio: Der Meeresbergbau - kein Goldrausch, aber eine Option. - Energie aus dem brennenden Eis. - Vom Plankton zum Hydrat. - Methanhydrat - eine neue Energiequelle?. - Die Folgen des Hydratabbaus. - Conclusio: Wertvoller Rohstoff oder Treibhausgas?. - Umweltschonende Förderung und gerechte Verteilung. - Von der Verantwortung der Staatengemeinschaft. - Von der Eigenverantwortung der Küstenstaaten. - Conclusio: Ist eine sichere und gerechte Meeresnutzung möglich?. - Gesamt-Conclusio. - Glossar. - Abkürzungen. - Mitwirkende. - Quellenverzeichnis. - Abbildungsverzeichnis. - Index. - Partner und Danksagung. - Impressum.

Anmerkung: Auch als: Deutsche Geodätische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften : Reihe C, Dissertationen ; 728 , Zugl.: Hannover, Univ., Diss., 2014

Anmerkung: Zugl.: Hannover, Univ., Diss., 2014

Anmerkung: Contents: Series foreword. - Preface. - Select bibliography. - The authors. - 1 Observed flow in the Earth's midlalitudes. - 1.1 Vertical structure. - 1.2 Horizontal structure. - 1.3 Transient activity. - 1.4 Scales of motion. - 1.5 The Norwegian frontal model of cyclones. - Theme 1 Fluid dynamics of the midlatitude atmosphere. - 2 Fluid dynamics in an inertial frame of reference. - 2.1 Definition of fluid. - 2.2 Flow variables and the continuum hypothesis. - 2.3 Kinematics: characterizing fluid flow. - 2.4 Governing physical principles. - 2.5 Lagrangian and Eulerian perspectives. - 2.6 Mass conservation equation. - 2.7 First Law of Thermodynamics. - 2.8 Newton's Second Law of Motion. - 2.9 Bernoulli's Theorem. - 2.10 Heating and water vapour. - 3 Rotating frames of reference. - 3.1 Vectors in a rotating frame of reference. - 3.2 Velocity and Acceleration. - 3.3 The momentum equation in a rotating frame. - 3.4 The centrifugal pseudo-force. - 3.5 The Coriolis pseudo-force. - 3.6 The Taylor-Proudman theorem. - 4 The spherical Earth. - 4.1 Spherical polar coordinates. - 4.2 Scalar equations. - 4.3 The momentum equations. - 4.4 Energy and angular momentum.- 4.5 The shallow atmosphere approximation. - 4.6 The beta effect and the spherical Earth. - 5 Scale analysis and its applications. - 5.1 Principles of scaling methods. - 5.2 The use of a reference atmosphere. - 5.3 The horizontal momentum equations. - 5.4 Natural coordinates, geostrophic and gradient wind balance. - 5.5 Vertical motion. - 5.6 The vertical momentum equation. - 5.7 The mass continuity equation. - 5.8 The thermodynamic energy equation. - 5.9 Scalings for Rossby numbers that are not small. - 6 Alternative vertical coordinates. - 6.1 A general vertical coordinate. - 6.2 Isobaric coordinates. - 6.3 Other pressure-based vertical coordinates. - 6.4 Isentropic coordinates. - 7 Variations of density and the basic equations. - 7.1 Boussinesq approximation. - 7.2 Anelastic approximation. - 7.3 Stratification and gravity waves. - 7.4 Balance, gravity waves and Richardson number. - 7.5 Summary of the basic equation sets. - 7.6 The energy of atmospheric motions. - Theme 2 Rotation in the atmosphere. - 8 Rotation in the atmosphere. - 8.1 The concept of vorticity. - 8.2 The vorticity equation. - 8.3 The vorticity equation for approximate sets of equations. - 8.4 The solenoidal term. - 8.5 The expansion/contraction term. - 8.6 The stretching and tilting terms. - 8.7 Friction and vorticity. - 8.8 The vorticity equation in alternative vertical coordinates. - 8.9 Circulation. - 9 Vorticity and the barotropic vorticity equation. - 9.1 The barotropic vorticity equation. - 9.2 Poisson's equation and vortex interactions. - 9.3 Flow over a shallow hill. - 9.4 Ekman pumping. - 9.5 Rossby waves and the beta plane. - 9.6 Rossby group velocity. - 9.7 Rossby ray tracing. - 9.8 Inflexion point instability. - 10 Potential vorticity. - 10.1 Potential vorticity. - 10.2 Alternative derivations of Ertel's theorem. - 10.3 The principle of invertibility. - 10.4 Shallow water equation potential vorticity. - 11 Turbulence and atmospheric flow. - 11.1 The Reynolds number . - 11.2 Three-dimensional flow at large Reynolds number. - 11.3 Two-dimensional flow at large Reynolds number. - 11.4 Vertical mixing in a stratified fluid. - 11.5 Reynolds stresses. - Theme 3 Balance in atmospheric flow. - 12 Quasi-geostrophic flows. - 12.1 Wind and temperature in balanced flows. - 12.2 The quasi-geostrophic approximation. - 12.3 Quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity. - 12.4 Ertel and quasi-geostrophic potential vorticities. - 13 The omega equation. - 13.1 Vorticity and thermal advection form. - 13.2 Sutcliffe Form. - 13.3 Q-vector form. - 13.4 Ageostrophic flow and the maintenance of balance. - 13.5 Balance and initialization. - 14 Linear theories of baroclinic instability. - 14.1 Qualitative discussion. - 14.2 Stability analysis of a zonal flow. - 14.3 Rossby wave interpretation of the stability conditions. - 14.4 The Eady model. - 14.5 The Charney and other quasi-geostrophic models. - 14.6 More realistic basic states. - 14.7 Initial value problem. - 15 Frontogenesis. - 15.1 Frontal scales. - 15.2 Ageostrophic circulation. - 15.3 Description of frontal collapse. - 15.4 The semi-geostrophic Eady model. - 15.5 The confluence model. - 15.6 Upper-level frontogenesis. - 16 The nonlinear development of baroclinic waves. - 16.1 The nonlinear domain. - 16.2 Semi-geostrophic baroclinic waves. - 16.3 Nonlinear baroclinic waves on realistic jetson the sphere. - 16.4 Eddy transports and zonal mean flow changes. - 16.5 Energetics of baroclinic waves. - 17 The potential vorticity perspective. - 17.1 Setting the scene. - 17.2 Potential vorticity and vertical velocity. - 17.3 Life cycles of some baroclinic waves. - 17.4 Alternative perspectives. - 17.5 Midlatitude blocking. - 17.6 Frictional and heating effects. - 18 Rossby wave propagation and potential vorticity mixing. - 18.1 Rossby wave propagation. - 18.2 Propagation of Rossby waves into the stratosphere. - 18.3 Propagation through a slowly varying medium. - 18.4 The Eliassen-Palm flux and group velocity. - 18.5 Baroclinic life cycles and Rossby waves. - 18.6 Variations of amplitude. - 18.7 Rossby waves and potential vorticity steps. - 18.8 Potential vorticity steps and the Rhines scale. - Appendices. - Appendix A: Notation. - Appendix B: Revision of vectors and vector calculus. - B.1 Vectors and their algebra. - B.2 Products of vectors. - B.3 Scalar fields and the grad operator. - B.4 The divergence and curl operators. - B.5 Gauss' and Stokes' theorems. - B.6 Some useful vector identities. - Index.

Anmerkung: Contents: Preface. - List of abbreviations. - 1. Sea-level changes: the emergence of a Quaternary perspective. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 The Quaternary Period. - 1.3 Sea-Jevel changes: historical development of ideas. - 1.4 Observations from classical antiquity until the nineteenth century. - 1.4.1 Early Mediterranean studies. - 1.4.2 Eighteenth-century writings on universal changes to the Earth. - 1.4.3 Diluvial Theory - the universal flood. - 1.4.4 The Temple of Serapis: a compelling case for relative sea-level change. - 1.4.5 Lavoisier and the concepts of transgression and regression. - 1.5 Glacial action and recognition of the Ice Ages. - 1.5.1 Louis Agassiz and the Glacial Theory. - 1.5.2 The Croll-Milankovitch Hypothesis. - 1.6 Vertical changes in land and sea Ievel related to Quaternary climate. - 1.6.1 Charles Darwin and James Dana. - 1.6.2 Insights from around the world. - 1. 7 Evolution of ideas in the twentieth century. - 1. 7.1 Developments in Europe. - 1.7.2 Advances in geochemistry and geochronology. - 1.7.3 Oxygen-isotope records from marine sediments and ice cores. - 1.7.4 Geophysical models of sea-level changes. - 1.7.5 Sequence stratigraphy. - 1.7.6 International concern and a focus on current and future sea-level trends. - 1.8 Theoretical concepts relevant to the study of Quaternary sea-level changes. - 1.9 Synthesis and way forward. - 1.9.1 Revisiting old ideas. - 1.9.2 Quaternary sea-level changes: the status quo. - 2. The causes of Quaternary sea-level changes. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 Sea Ievel and sea-level changes: some definitions. - 2.2.1 Sea Ievel and base Ievel. - 2.2.2 Relative sea-level changes. - 2.3 Processes responsible for relative sea-level changes in the Quaternary. - 2.3.1 Glacio-eustasy. - 2.3.2 lsostasy. - 2.3.3 Glacial isostasy and relative sea-Ievel changes. - 2.3.4 Hydro-isostasy and relative sea-level changes. - 2.3.5 The geoid and changes to its configuration. - 2.3.6 Global variation in geophysical response and equatorial ocean siphoning. - 2.4 Tectonism, volcanism, and other processes resulting in relative sea-level changes. - 2.4.1 Teetonic movements. - 2.4.2 Volcanism and its link to sea-level changes. - 2.4.3 Lithospheric flexure. - 2.4.4 Changes in tidal range. - 2.4.5 Steric changes, meteorological changes, and the role of ENSO events. - 2.5 Geophysical models and the sea-!evel equation. - 2.6 Synthesis and conclusions. - 3. Palaeo-sea-level indicators. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.1.1 Fixed and relational sea-level indicators. - 3.1.2 Relative sea-level changes, sea-level index points, and indicative meaning. - 3.1.3 Sources of uncertainty in palaeo-sea-Ievel estimation. - 3.1.4 Palaeo-sea-level curve or envelope?. - 3.1.5 Facies architecture, allostratigraphy, and sea-level changes. - 3.2 Pleistocene and Holocene palaeo-sea-level indicators compared. - 3.3 Corals and coral reefs. - 3.3.1 Reefs and Pleistocene sea Ievels. - 3.3.2 Reefs and Holocene sea Ievels. - 3.3.3 Conglomerates and recognition of in-situ corals. - 3.3.4 Microatolls. - 3.4 Other biological sea-level indicators. - 3.4.1 Fixed biological indicators. - 3.4.2 Mangroves. - 3.4.3 Salt-marsh sediments and microfossil analysis. - 3.4.4 Seagrass. - 3.4.5 Marine molluscs. - 3.4.6 Submerged forests. - 3.5 Geomorphological and geological sea-level indicators. - 3.5.1 Marine terraces and shore platforms. - 3.5.2 Shoreline notches and visors. - 3.5.3 Isolation basins. - 3.5.4 Beach ridges. - 3.5.5 Cheniers. - 3.5.6 Aeolianites. - 3.5.7 Calcretes. - 3.5.8 Beachrock. - 3.6 Geoarchaeology and sea-level changes. - 3.7 Synthesis and conclusions. - 4. Methods of dating Quaternary sea-level changes. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.1.1 Terminology. - 4.1.2 Historical approaches used for evaluating geological age of coastal deposits. - 4.2 Radiocarbon dating. - 4.2.1 Underlying principles of the radiocarbon method. - 4.2.2 Age range. - 4.2.3 Measurement techniques. - 4.2.4 Isotopic fractionation. - 4.2.5 Marine reservoir and hard-water effects. - 4.2.6 Secular 14C/ 12C variation and the calibration of radiocarbon ages to sidereal years. - 4.2.7 Cantamination and sample pre-treatment strategies. - 4.2.8 Statistical considerations: comparisons of radiocarbon age and pooling of results. - 4.3 Uranium-series disequilibrium dating. - 4.3.1 Underlying principles of U-series disequilibrium dating. - 4.3.2 U-series dating of marine carbonates. - 4.3.3 U-series dating of other materials. - 4.4 Oxygen-isotope stratigraphy. - 4.5 Luminescence dating methods. - 4.5.1 Quantifying the cumulative effects of environmental radiation dose. - 4.5.2 Age range of luminescence methods. - 4.5.3 Anomalaus fading and partial bleaching. - 4.6 Electron spin resonance dating. - 4.7 Amino acid racemisation dating. - 4.7.1 The amino acid racemisation reaction. - 4.7.2 Environmental factors that influence racemisation. - 4.7.3 Sources of uncertainty in AAR dating. - 4.7.4 Application of AAR to dating coastal successions. - 4.8 Cosmogenic dating. - 4.9 Other dating techniques. - 4.9.1 Event markers. - 4.9.2 Palaeomagnetism. - 4.10 Synthesis and conclusions. - 5 Vertical displacement of shorelines. - 5.5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 Plate tectonics and implications for coastlines globally. - 5.2.1 Lithospheric plate domains. - 5.2.2 Plate margins. - 5.2.3 Plate tectonics and coastal classification. - 5.2.4 Ocean plate dynamics and island types. - 5.3 Styles of tectonic deformation and rates of uplift or subsidence. - 5.3.1 Coseismic uplift. - 5.3.2 Epeirogenic uplift. - 5.3.3 Folding and warping. - 5.3.4 Isostasy. - 5.3.5 Lithospheric flexure. - 5.3.6 Mantle plumes. - 5.3.7 Subsidence and submerged shorelines. - 5.4 The last interglacial shoreline: a reference for quantifying vertical displacement. - 5.4.1 Terrace age and elevation. - 5.4.2 Constraints on using the last interglacial shoreline as a benchmark. - 5.5 Coastlines in tectonically 'stable' cratonic regions. - 5.5.1 Australia. - 5.5.2 Southern Africa. - 5.6 Coastlines of emergence. - 5.6.1 Huon Peninsula. - 5.6.2 Barbados. - 5.6.3 Convergent continental margins: Chile. - 5.7 Vertical crustal movements associated with glacio-isostasy: Scandinavia. - 5.8 The Mediterranean Basin . - 5.8.1 Italy. - 5.8.2 Greece. - 5.9 The Caribbean region. - 5.9.1 Southern Florida and the Bahamas. - 5.9.2 Other Caribbean sites and more tectonically active islands. - 5.10 Divergent spreading-related coastlines: Red Sea. - 5.11 Pacific Plate. - 5.11.1 Pacific islands. - 5.11.2 Hawaii. - 5.11.3 Japan. - 5.11.4 New Zealand. - 5.12 Synthesis and conclusions. - 6. Pleistocene sea-level changes. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 Prelude to the Pleistocene. - 6.3 Pleistocene icesheets. - 6.4 Early Pleistocene sea Ievels. - 6.4.1 Roe Calcarenite, Roe Plains, southern Australia. - 6.4.2 The Crag Group, southeastern England. - 6.S The middle Pleistocene Transition. - 6.6 Middle Pleistocene sea-level changes. - 6.7 Sea-level highstands of the middle Pleistocene. - 6.7.1 Marine Isotope Stage 11. - 6.7.2 Marine Isotope Stage 9 - the pre-penultimate interglacial. - 6.7.3 Marine Isotope Stage 7 - the penultimate interglacial. - 6.8 Middle Pleistocene sea-level lowstands. - 6.9 Late Pleistocene sea-level changes. - 6.9.1 The last interglacial maximum (MIS 5e). - 6.9.2 Timing and duration of the last interglacial maximum. - 6.9.3 Global estimates of last interglacial sea Ievels - the sanctity of the 6 m APSL datum?. - 6.10 Interstadial sea Ievels of the last glacial cycle (MIS 5c and 5a). - 6.11 Interstadial sea Ievels during MIS 3. - 6.12 Late Pleistocene interstadial sea Ievels: Dansgaard-Oeschgerand Heinrich Events. - 6.13 Eustatic sea Ievels during the Last Glacial Maximum (MIS 2). - 6.14 Long records of Pleistocene sea-level highstands. - 6.14.1 Coorong Coastal Plain and Murray Basin, southern Australia. - 6.14.2 Wanganui Basin, New Zealand. - 6.14.3 Sumba Island, Indonesia. - 6.15 Synthesis and conclusions. - 7. Sea-level changes since the Last Glacial Maximum. - 7.1 Introduction. -

Anmerkung: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 2014

Anmerkung: Zugl.: Karlsruhe, Karlsruher Inst. für technologie, Diss., 2014

Anmerkung: Contents: Preface / Wolf Dieter Blümel, Jörn Thiede and Ruth Narmann. - Acknowledgements. - Aims of the Leopoldina Symposium on Russian-German Cooperation in the Scientific Exploration of Northeastern Eurasia: A Personal and Eclectic View / Jörn Thiede. - Welcome Speech / Nikolay M. Kropachev. - Welcome Address / Wolf Dieter Blümel. - LEOPOLDINA LECTURE. - From Lomonosov to Modern Times: Eclectic History of Russian-German Cooperation in the Scientific Exploration of High Northern Latitudes / Jörn Thiede. - EXTENDED CONTRIBUTIONS. - Research Infrastructure in Northern Sibiria. - The Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO): Quantifying Large Scale Biogeochemical Changes in Central Siberia / Martin Heimann, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Jan Winderlich, Meinrat O. Andreae, Xuguang Chi, Christoph Gerbig, Olaf Kolle, Karl Kubler, Jost Lavric, Eugene Mikhailov, Alexey Panov, Sungbin Park, Christian Rodenbeck and Andrej Skorochod. - The New Arctic Research Station "Samoylov Island" in the Lena Delta: Prospects of Joint Russian-German Studies / Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten and Mikhael N. Grigoriev. - Methods of Radiochronology of Quaternary Sediments: Modern Approaches and Results of Studies / Vladislav Y. Kuznetsov. - SESSION 1. - Summary. - Environmental Change in Northern Eurasia in Real Time / Session Chair: Jörn Thiede. - Sedimentation history in the Lena Delta, Northern Siberia / Georg Schwamborn, Volker Rachold, Mikhail Grigoriev and Matthias Krbetschek. - Hydrology of the Lena River Delta / Irina V. Fedorova, Antonia A. Chetverova, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Aleksandr S. Makarov, Julia Boike, Anne Morgenstern and Birgit Heim. - Advanced process-based hydrological modelling as an effective tool for assessment of changes of the Arctic Environment in different temporal and spatial scales / Olga Semenova and Lyudmila S. Lebedeva. - Shelf-basin exchange in the Laptev Sea in the warming climate: the joint roles of atmospheric forcing and hydrography / Vladimir Ivanov, Ekaterina Chernyavskaya, Pavel Maslov, Yevgeny Aksenov and Beverly Cuevas. - Distribution of sea ice derived brine signals from the Siberian shelf area based on stable oxygen isotope and salinity data / Irina Semeryuk and Dorothea Bauch. - SESSION 2. - Summary. - Continental Siberia: dynamics of permafrost landscapes and carbon fluxes / Session Chair: Mikhael N. Grigoriev. - Genesis and age of pingo structures in the Lena Delta, Northeast Siberia / Anna A. Urban. - Content and distribution of trace metals in permafrost-affected soils of Northern Siberia, Russia / Iulia Antcibor, Annette Eschenbach, Lars Kutzbach, Dmitry Bolshiyanov and Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - Carbon stocks in permafrost-affected soils in the Lena River Delta / Sebastian Zubrzycki, Alexey R. Desyatkin, Lars Kutzbach and Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - Microbial methane driving processes in Siberian Arctic and Sub-Arctic cryosols / Svetlana Evgrafova and Dirk Wagner. - The latest tectonic movements in key areas on the coasts and islands of the Laptev Sea / Alisa V. Baranskaya. - Erosion rates and terrigenous sediment fluxes in the Lena Delta Region (East Siberian Arctic) / Mikhail N. Grigoriev. - Nitrogen availability, turnover and limitation in permafrost affected soils of Samoylov Island in the Lena Delta, Northeast Siberia / Tina Sanders, Claudia Fiencke and Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - Sedimentological studies of high latitude lake sediments aimed at palaeoenvironmental reconstructions: an example from the Lena Delta Hinterland / Polina S. Vakhrameeva, Boris K. Biskaborn, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Bernhard Diekmann, Larissa A. Savelieva and Dmitry A. Subetto. - Palynological characteristics of lower Yenisey quaternary deposits / Valentina A. Chetverova, Luda G. Derevyanko and Evgeny A. Gusev. - SESSION 3. - Summary. - The paleoenvironmental history of Siberian permafrost landscapes / Session Chair: Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten. - Vegetation history of the lower Lena River from pollen records of lake sediments / Larissa Savelieva, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Ulrike Herzschuh, Polina S. Vakhrameeva, Boris Biskaborn and Bernhard Diekmann. - Climate and vegetation of late pleistocene in the east Siberian Arctic based on pollen data from Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island / Natalya A. Rudaya, Andrei Andreev, Sebastian Wetterich and Lutz Schirrmeister. - Evolution of thermokarst lakes and alasses in the ice-rich permafrost of the Lena River Delta / Anne Morgenstern, Frank Günther, Mathias Ulrich, Irina V. Fedorova, Natalya A. Rudaya, Julia Boike and Lutz Schirrmeister. - Late pleistocene and holocene vegetation history deduced from palynological investigations of the permafrost records of the El'gygytgyn impact crater / Elena Raschke, Andrei Andreev, Grigory Fedorov, Georg Schwamborn and Lutz Schirrmeister. - Tracking environmental change using invertebrate bioindicators from the lakes of Yakutia (Siberia, Russia) / Larisa B. Nazarova, Oleg N. Tumanov, Ulrike Herzschuh, Larisa A. Frolova and Lyudmila A. Pestryakova. - Palaeoenvironmental investigations and reconstructions in Northern Russia using subfossil Cladocera (Branchiopoda, Crustacea) / Larisa A. Frolova, Liliya I. Gafiatulina, Larissa B. Nazarova and Sebastian Wetterich. - SESSION 4. - Summary. - Siberian shelf seas and the adjacent Arctic Ocean / Session Chair: Heidemarie Kassens. - Oceanography of the Laptev Sea / Bennet Juhls, Sergey A. Kirillov, Jens Hölemann, Leonid A. Timokhov, Heidemarie Kassens, Birgit Heim, Andrey Novikhin and Markus Janout. - Summer sediment transport dynamics on the Laptev sea shelf (Siberian Arctic) / Carolyn Wegner, Kerstin Wittbrodt, Dorothea Bauch, Jens A. Hölemann, Markus Janout, Andrey Novikhin, Birgit Heim, Sergey Kirillov, Heidemarie Kassens and Leonid Timokhov. - Living and fossil microalgae from the Eurasian Arctic Seas as indicators of modern and past environmental changes / Yelena Polyakova, Irina Kryukova, Tatiana Klyuvitkina, Yekatherina Novichkova and Nataliya Manko. - Past environmental transformation of the Laptev Sea continental margin and water mass changes since last deglacial times / Ekaterina Taldenkova, Natalia Chistyakova, Henning A. Bauch, Anna Stepanova, Yaroslav Ovsepyan and Robert F. Spielhagen. - A multiproxy reconstruction of the last interglacial environmental conditions in northern Russia / Henning A. Bauch, Yaroslav Ovsepyan, Ekaterina Taldenkova, Anna Stepanova and Olga Rudenko. - Holocene variability of Atlantic water advection to the Arctic Ocean / Robert F. Spielhagen, Kirstin Werner, Natalia Chistyakova and Ekaterina Taldenkova. - Ecological and geographical characteristics of phytoplankton in the Eastern Laptev Sea (Autumnal Season 2008) / Irina Kryukova, Yelena Polyakova, Ekaterina Abramova, Fedor Martynov, Andrey Novikhin, Heidemarie Kassens and Jens Hölemann.

Anmerkung: Contents: 1. Introducing transnational climate change governance ; 2. Mapping the world of transnational climate change governance 3. Theoretical perspectives on transnational governance ; 4. Origins, agency and the forms of transnational climate change governance ; 5. Constructing transnational climate change governance issues and producing governance spaces ; 6. The uneven geography of transnational climate change governance ; 7. Understanding authority and legitimacy in transnational climate change governance ; 8. Making a difference? Tracing the effects and effectiveness of transnational climate change governance ; 9. Conclusions - looking beyond transnational climate governance