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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 2010-2014  (1,996)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
  • 2013  (1,996)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: Solar thermal water-splitting (STWS) cycles have long been recognized as a desirable means of generating hydrogen gas (H2) from water and sunlight. Two-step, metal oxide-based STWS cycles generate H2 by sequential high-temperature reduction and water reoxidation of a metal oxide. The temperature swings between reduction and oxidation steps long thought necessary for STWS have stifled STWS's overall efficiency because of thermal and time losses that occur during the frequent heating and cooling of the metal oxide. We show that these temperature swings are unnecessary and that isothermal water splitting (ITWS) at 1350 degrees C using the "hercynite cycle" exhibits H2 production capacity 〉3 and 〉12 times that of hercynite and ceria, respectively, per mass of active material when reduced at 1350 degrees C and reoxidized at 1000 degrees C.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muhich, Christopher L -- Evanko, Brian W -- Weston, Kayla C -- Lichty, Paul -- Liang, Xinhua -- Martinek, Janna -- Musgrave, Charles B -- Weimer, Alan W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):540-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1239454.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-11-23
    Description: Oxamniquine resistance evolved in the human blood fluke (Schistosoma mansoni) in Brazil in the 1970s. We crossed parental parasites differing ~500-fold in drug response, determined drug sensitivity and marker segregation in clonally derived second-generation progeny, and identified a single quantitative trait locus (logarithm of odds = 31) on chromosome 6. A sulfotransferase was identified as the causative gene by using RNA interference knockdown and biochemical complementation assays, and we subsequently demonstrated independent origins of loss-of-function mutations in field-derived and laboratory-selected resistant parasites. These results demonstrate the utility of linkage mapping in a human helminth parasite, while crystallographic analyses of protein-drug interactions illuminate the mode of drug action and provide a framework for rational design of oxamniquine derivatives that kill both S. mansoni and S. haematobium, the two species responsible for 〉99% of schistosomiasis cases worldwide.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4136436/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4136436/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Valentim, Claudia L L -- Cioli, Donato -- Chevalier, Frederic D -- Cao, Xiaohang -- Taylor, Alexander B -- Holloway, Stephen P -- Pica-Mattoccia, Livia -- Guidi, Alessandra -- Basso, Annalisa -- Tsai, Isheng J -- Berriman, Matthew -- Carvalho-Queiroz, Claudia -- Almeida, Marcio -- Aguilar, Hector -- Frantz, Doug E -- Hart, P John -- LoVerde, Philip T -- Anderson, Timothy J C -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 5R21-AI072704/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5R21-AI096277/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- C06 RR013556/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- HHSN272201000005I/PHS HHS/ -- R01 AI097576/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI097576/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI072704/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI096277/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 13;342(6164):1385-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1243106. Epub 2013 Nov 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24263136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Drug Resistance/*genetics ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Genetic Linkage ; Helminth Proteins/*genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oxamniquine/*pharmacology ; Phylogeny ; Protein Conformation ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; RNA Interference ; Schistosoma mansoni/*drug effects/*genetics ; Schistosomicides/*pharmacology ; Sulfotransferases/chemistry/classification/*genetics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Evolutionarily young genes that serve essential functions represent a paradox; they must perform a function that either was not required until after their birth or was redundant with another gene. How young genes rapidly acquire essential function is largely unknown. We traced the evolutionary steps by which the Drosophila gene Umbrea acquired an essential role in chromosome segregation in D. melanogaster since the gene's origin less than 15 million years ago. Umbrea neofunctionalization occurred via loss of an ancestral heterochromatin-localizing domain, followed by alterations that rewired its protein interaction network and led to species-specific centromere localization. Our evolutionary cell biology approach provides temporal and mechanistic detail about how young genes gain essential function. Such innovations may constantly alter the repertoire of centromeric proteins in eukaryotes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4119826/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4119826/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ross, Benjamin D -- Rosin, Leah -- Thomae, Andreas W -- Hiatt, Mary Alice -- Vermaak, Danielle -- de la Cruz, Aida Flor A -- Imhof, Axel -- Mellone, Barbara G -- Malik, Harmit S -- R01 GM074108/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM074108/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32HG000035/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 7;340(6137):1211-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1234393.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Centromere/genetics/*physiology ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/*genetics ; Drosophila/*genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Insect/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-02-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canfield, Donald E -- Kump, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 1;339(6119):533-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1231981.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230 Denmark. dec@biology.sdu.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23372005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Commerce/*trends ; Nanotubes, Carbon/*chemistry
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: HSP-100 protein machines, such as ClpB, play an essential role in reactivating protein aggregates that can otherwise be lethal to cells. Although the players involved are known, including the DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE chaperone system in bacteria, details of the molecular interactions are not well understood. Using methyl-transverse relaxation-optimized nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we present an atomic-resolution model for the ClpB-DnaK complex, which we verified by mutagenesis and functional assays. ClpB and GrpE compete for binding to the DnaK nucleotide binding domain, with GrpE binding inhibiting disaggregation. DnaK, in turn, plays a dual role in both disaggregation and subsequent refolding of polypeptide chains as they emerge from the aggregate. On the basis of a combined structural-biochemical analysis, we propose a model for the mechanism of protein aggregate reactivation by ClpB.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenzweig, Rina -- Moradi, Shoeib -- Zarrine-Afsar, Arash -- Glover, John R -- Kay, Lewis E -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1080-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1233066. Epub 2013 Feb 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. rina.rosenzweig@utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23393091" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/*chemistry/genetics ; Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Hydrolysis ; *Models, Chemical ; Mutation ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Interaction Maps ; Protein Multimerization ; *Protein Refolding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Thermus thermophilus
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Munn, Maureen M -- Oura, Hiroki -- Gallivan, Mark -- Van Horne, Katie -- Shouse, Andrew W -- R25 DA013180/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 26;341(6144):360-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1229999.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. mmunn@uw.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23888032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Awards and Prizes ; *Biomedical Research ; *Curriculum ; *Databases, Factual ; *Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; *Smoking/genetics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-01-12
    Description: We document that China's One-Child Policy (OCP), one of the most radical approaches to limiting population growth, has produced significantly less trusting, less trustworthy, more risk-averse, less competitive, more pessimistic, and less conscientious individuals. Our data were collected from economics experiments conducted with 421 individuals born just before and just after the OCP's introduction in 1979. Surveys to elicit personality traits were also used. We used the exogenous imposition of the OCP to identify the causal impact of being an only child, net of family background effects. The OCP thus has significant ramifications for Chinese society.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cameron, L -- Erkal, N -- Gangadharan, L -- Meng, X -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 22;339(6122):953-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1230221. Epub 2013 Jan 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Econometrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. lisa.cameron@monash.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23306438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Altruism ; Anxiety Disorders ; *Attitude ; *Behavior ; China ; Competitive Behavior ; Family ; *Family Planning Policy ; Female ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Male ; Only Child/*psychology ; *Personality ; Risk-Taking ; Trust ; Urban Population
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Invasion of microbial DNA into the cytoplasm of animal cells triggers a cascade of host immune reactions that help clear the infection; however, self DNA in the cytoplasm can cause autoimmune diseases. Biochemical approaches led to the identification of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) as a cytosolic DNA sensor that triggers innate immune responses. Here, we show that cells from cGAS-deficient (cGas(-/-)) mice, including fibroblasts, macrophages, and dendritic cells, failed to produce type I interferons and other cytokines in response to DNA transfection or DNA virus infection. cGas(-/-) mice were more susceptible to lethal infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) than wild-type mice. We also show that cGAMP is an adjuvant that boosts antigen-specific T cell activation and antibody production in mice.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3863637/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3863637/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Xiao-Dong -- Wu, Jiaxi -- Gao, Daxing -- Wang, Hua -- Sun, Lijun -- Chen, Zhijian J -- 5T32AI070116/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-093967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI093967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1390-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1244040. Epub 2013 Aug 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23989956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis ; DNA, Viral/genetics/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Fibroblasts/immunology ; Herpes Simplex/*immunology ; *Herpesvirus 1, Human ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/genetics ; Interferon-beta/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Macrophages/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics/*immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Transfection
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Munroe, Randall -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 4;342(6154):58-9. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6154.58.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24092724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; *Information Dissemination ; *Science
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-08-10
    Description: Chromosome translocations are a hallmark of cancer cells. We have developed an experimental system to visualize the formation of translocations in living cells and apply it to characterize the spatial and dynamic properties of translocation formation. We demonstrate that translocations form within hours of the occurrence of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and that their formation is cell cycle-independent. Translocations form preferentially between prepositioned genome elements, and perturbation of key factors of the DNA repair machinery uncouples DSB pairing from translocation formation. These observations generate a spatiotemporal framework for the formation of translocations in living cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roukos, Vassilis -- Voss, Ty C -- Schmidt, Christine K -- Lee, Seungtaek -- Wangsa, Darawalee -- Misteli, Tom -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 9;341(6146):660-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1237150.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23929981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Cell Cycle ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Repair ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors ; DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Lac Operon ; Lac Repressors/genetics ; Mice ; Microscopy/methods ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Time-Lapse Imaging ; *Translocation, Genetic
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: The statistics of discovered exoplanets suggest that planets form efficiently. However, there are fundamental unsolved problems, such as excessive inward drift of particles in protoplanetary disks during planet formation. Recent theories invoke dust traps to overcome this problem. We report the detection of a dust trap in the disk around the star Oph IRS 48 using observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The 0.44-millimeter-wavelength continuum map shows high-contrast crescent-shaped emission on one side of the star, originating from millimeter-sized grains, whereas both the mid-infrared image (micrometer-sized dust) and the gas traced by the carbon monoxide 6-5 rotational line suggest rings centered on the star. The difference in distribution of big grains versus small grains/gas can be modeled with a vortex-shaped dust trap triggered by a companion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van der Marel, Nienke -- van Dishoeck, Ewine F -- Bruderer, Simon -- Birnstiel, Til -- Pinilla, Paola -- Dullemond, Cornelis P -- van Kempen, Tim A -- Schmalzl, Markus -- Brown, Joanna M -- Herczeg, Gregory J -- Mathews, Geoffrey S -- Geers, Vincent -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 7;340(6137):1199-202. doi: 10.1126/science.1236770.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands. nmarel@strw.leidenuniv.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fei, Yingwei -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):442-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1236304.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23620044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2013-04-06
    Description: The 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), is synthesized on its cognate transfer RNA (tRNA(Sec)). In bacteria, SelA synthesizes Sec from Ser-tRNA(Sec), whereas in archaea and eukaryotes SepSecS forms Sec from phosphoserine (Sep) acylated to tRNA(Sec). We determined the crystal structures of Aquifex aeolicus SelA complexes, which revealed a ring-shaped homodecamer that binds 10 tRNA(Sec) molecules, each interacting with four SelA subunits. The SelA N-terminal domain binds the tRNA(Sec)-specific D-arm structure, thereby discriminating Ser-tRNA(Sec) from Ser-tRNA(Ser). A large cleft is created between two subunits and accommodates the 3'-terminal region of Ser-tRNA(Sec). The SelA structures together with in vivo and in vitro enzyme assays show decamerization to be essential for SelA function. SelA catalyzes pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent Sec formation involving Arg residues nonhomologous to those in SepSecS. Different protein architecture and substrate coordination of the bacterial enzyme provide structural evidence for independent evolution of the two Sec synthesis systems present in nature.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3976565/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3976565/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Itoh, Yuzuru -- Brocker, Markus J -- Sekine, Shun-ichi -- Hammond, Gifty -- Suetsugu, Shiro -- Soll, Dieter -- Yokoyama, Shigeyuki -- GM22854/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM022854/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 5;340(6128):75-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1229521.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23559248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arginine/chemistry ; Bacteria/*enzymology ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Pyridoxal Phosphate/chemistry ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/*chemistry ; Selenocysteine/*biosynthesis ; Transferases/*chemistry
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2013-06-22
    Description: Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) such as alpha-solanine found in solanaceous food plants--as, for example, potato--are antinutritional factors for humans. Comparative coexpression analysis between tomato and potato coupled with chemical profiling revealed an array of 10 genes that partake in SGA biosynthesis. We discovered that six of them exist as a cluster on chromosome 7, whereas an additional two are adjacent in a duplicated genomic region on chromosome 12. Following systematic functional analysis, we suggest a revised SGA biosynthetic pathway starting from cholesterol up to the tetrasaccharide moiety linked to the tomato SGA aglycone. Silencing GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM 4 prevented accumulation of SGAs in potato tubers and tomato fruit. This may provide a means for removal of unsafe, antinutritional substances present in these widely used food crops.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Itkin, M -- Heinig, U -- Tzfadia, O -- Bhide, A J -- Shinde, B -- Cardenas, P D -- Bocobza, S E -- Unger, T -- Malitsky, S -- Finkers, R -- Tikunov, Y -- Bovy, A -- Chikate, Y -- Singh, P -- Rogachev, I -- Beekwilder, J -- Giri, A P -- Aharoni, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 12;341(6142):175-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1240230. Epub 2013 Jun 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23788733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crops, Agricultural/*genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Silencing ; Genes, Plant ; Lycopersicon esculentum/*genetics ; *Multigene Family ; Nutritive Value/*genetics ; Solanaceous Alkaloids/*biosynthesis/*genetics/toxicity ; Solanum tuberosum/*genetics
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2013-07-28
    Description: The essential bacterial protein FtsZ is a guanosine triphosphatase that self-assembles into a structure at the division site termed the "Z ring". During cytokinesis, the Z ring exerts a constrictive force on the membrane by using the chemical energy of guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis. However, the structural basis of this constriction remains unresolved. Here, we present the crystal structure of a guanosine diphosphate-bound Mycobacterium tuberculosis FtsZ protofilament, which exhibits a curved conformational state. The structure reveals a longitudinal interface that is important for function. The protofilament curvature highlights a hydrolysis-dependent conformational switch at the T3 loop that leads to longitudinal bending between subunits, which could generate sufficient force to drive cytokinesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816583/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816583/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Ying -- Hsin, Jen -- Zhao, Lingyun -- Cheng, Yiwen -- Shang, Weina -- Huang, Kerwyn Casey -- Wang, Hong-Wei -- Ye, Sheng -- 1F32GM100677-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD006466/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP2OD006466/OD/NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM100677/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 26;341(6144):392-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1239248.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, P.R. China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23888039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Cytokinesis ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/chemistry ; Guanosine Diphosphate/chemistry/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*chemistry/physiology ; Point Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus/chemistry
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2013-09-28
    Description: The protein density and arrangement of subunits of a complete, 32-protein, RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) were determined by means of cryogenic electron microscopy and a combination of chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry. The PIC showed a marked division in two parts, one containing all the general transcription factors (GTFs) and the other pol II. Promoter DNA was associated only with the GTFs, suspended above the pol II cleft and not in contact with pol II. This structural principle of the PIC underlies its conversion to a transcriptionally active state; the PIC is poised for the formation of a transcription bubble and descent of the DNA into the pol II cleft.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4039082/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4039082/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murakami, Kenji -- Elmlund, Hans -- Kalisman, Nir -- Bushnell, David A -- Adams, Christopher M -- Azubel, Maia -- Elmlund, Dominika -- Levi-Kalisman, Yael -- Liu, Xin -- Gibbons, Brian J -- Levitt, Michael -- Kornberg, Roger D -- AI21144/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM063817/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM49885/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI021144/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM036659/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063817/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 8;342(6159):1238724. doi: 10.1126/science.1238724. Epub 2013 Sep 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24072820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cryoelectron Microscopy ; DNA, Fungal/chemistry/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Multiprotein Complexes/*chemistry ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; RNA Polymerase II/*chemistry ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*enzymology/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry ; Transcription Factors, General/*chemistry ; *Transcription Initiation, Genetic
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2013-10-26
    Description: Painful venoms are used to deter predators. Pain itself, however, can signal damage and thus serves an important adaptive function. Evolution to reduce general pain responses, although valuable for preying on venomous species, is rare, likely because it comes with the risk of reduced response to tissue damage. Bark scorpions capitalize on the protective pain pathway of predators by inflicting intensely painful stings. However, grasshopper mice regularly attack and consume bark scorpions, grooming only briefly when stung. Bark scorpion venom induces pain in many mammals (house mice, rats, humans) by activating the voltage-gated Na(+) channel Nav1.7, but has no effect on Nav1.8. Grasshopper mice Nav1.8 has amino acid variants that bind bark scorpion toxins and inhibit Na(+) currents, blocking action potential propagation and inducing analgesia. Thus, grasshopper mice have solved the predator-pain problem by using a toxin bound to a nontarget channel to block transmission of the pain signals the venom itself is initiating.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4172297/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4172297/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rowe, Ashlee H -- Xiao, Yucheng -- Rowe, Matthew P -- Cummins, Theodore R -- Zakon, Harold H -- NS 053422/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS053422/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 25;342(6157):441-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1236451.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Neurobiology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects/physiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arvicolinae/*metabolism ; *Food Chain ; Formaldehyde/pharmacology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NAV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; NAV1.8 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Pain/chemically induced/*metabolism ; *Predatory Behavior ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Scorpion Venoms
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: Educational policy increasingly emphasizes knowledge and skills for the preprofessional "science pipeline" rather than helping students use science in daily life. We synthesize research on public engagement with science to develop a research-based plan for cultivating competent outsiders: nonscientists who can access and make sense of science relevant to their lives. Schools should help students access and interpret the science they need in response to specific practical problems, judge the credibility of scientific claims based on both evidence and institutional cues, and cultivate deep amateur involvement in science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feinstein, Noah Weeth -- Allen, Sue -- Jenkins, Edgar -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):314-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1230855.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Curriculum & Instruction, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 225 North Mills Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA. nfeinstein@wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Education, Professional/*methods ; Humans ; Practice (Psychology) ; *Schools/manpower/organization & administration/standards ; Science/*education ; Thinking
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2013-01-26
    Description: Common-envelope events (CEEs), during which two stars temporarily orbit within a shared envelope, are believed to be vital for the formation of a wide range of close binaries. For decades, the only evidence that CEEs actually occur has been indirect, based on the existence of systems that could not be otherwise explained. Here we propose a direct observational signature of CEEs arising from a physical model where emission from matter ejected in a CEE is controlled by a recombination front as the matter cools. The natural range of time scales and energies from this model, as well as the expected colors, light-curve shapes, ejection velocities, and event rate, match those of a recently recognized class of red transient outbursts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ivanova, N -- Justham, S -- Avendano Nandez, J L -- Lombardi, J C Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 25;339(6118):433-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1225540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E7, Canada. nata.ivanova@ualberta.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2013-10-12
    Description: Diverse eukaryotic hosts produce virus-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to direct antiviral immunity by RNA interference (RNAi). However, it remains unknown whether the mammalian RNAi pathway has a natural antiviral function. Here, we show that infection of hamster cells and suckling mice by Nodamura virus (NoV), a mosquito-transmissible RNA virus, requires RNAi suppression by its B2 protein. Loss of B2 expression or its suppressor activity leads to abundant production of viral siRNAs and rapid clearance of the mutant viruses in mice. However, viral small RNAs detected during virulent infection by NoV do not have the properties of canonical siRNAs. These findings have parallels with the induction and suppression of antiviral RNAi by the related Flock house virus in fruit flies and nematodes and reveal a mammalian antiviral immunity mechanism mediated by RNAi.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3875315/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3875315/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Yang -- Lu, Jinfeng -- Han, Yanhong -- Fan, Xiaoxu -- Ding, Shou-Wei -- AI52447/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM94396/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI052447/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM094396/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RC1 GM091896/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 11;342(6155):231-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1241911.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24115437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Mice ; Nodaviridae/genetics/*pathogenicity ; RNA Interference/*immunology ; RNA Virus Infections/*immunology ; RNA, Small Interfering/*immunology ; RNA, Viral/genetics/*immunology ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics/*immunology
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cao, Cong -- Li, Ning -- Li, Xia -- Liu, Li -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):460-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1234206.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. cong.cao@nottingham.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-02-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van der Oost, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 15;339(6121):768-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1234726.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands. john.vanderoost@wur.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23413345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caspase 9/*chemistry ; *DNA Cleavage ; Gene Targeting/*methods ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Genome/*genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Inverted Repeat Sequences/*genetics ; Microarray Analysis/*methods ; RNA/*chemistry
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2013-05-21
    Description: Sedimentary rocks from Virginia through Florida record marine flooding during the mid-Pliocene. Several wave-cut scarps that at the time of deposition would have been horizontal are now draped over a warped surface with a maximum variation of 60 meters. We modeled dynamic topography by using mantle convection simulations that predict the amplitude and broad spatial distribution of this distortion. The results imply that dynamic topography and, to a lesser extent, glacial isostatic adjustment account for the current architecture of the coastal plain and proximal shelf. This confounds attempts to use regional stratigraphic relations as references for longer-term sea-level determinations. Inferences of Pliocene global sea-level heights or stability of Antarctic ice sheets therefore cannot be deciphered in the absence of an appropriate mantle dynamic reference frame.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rowley, David B -- Forte, Alessandro M -- Moucha, Robert -- Mitrovica, Jerry X -- Simmons, Nathan A -- Grand, Stephen P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 28;340(6140):1560-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1229180. Epub 2013 May 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of the Geophysical Sciences, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. drowley@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23686342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van El, C G -- Dondorp, W J -- de Wert, G M W R -- Cornel, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 30;341(6149):958-9. doi: 10.1126/science.341.6149.958-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Disease/*genetics ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genomics/*ethics/*standards ; Humans ; *Incidental Findings ; *Practice Guidelines as Topic
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2013-04-06
    Description: Perchlorate and chlorate anions [(per)chlorate] exist in the environment from natural and anthropogenic sources, where they can serve as electron acceptors for bacteria. We performed growth experiments combined with genomic and proteomic analyses of the hyperthermophile Archaeoglobus fulgidus that show (per)chlorate reduction also extends into the archaeal domain of life. The (per)chlorate reduction pathway in A. fulgidus relies on molybdo-enzymes that have similarity with bacterial enzymes; however, chlorite is not enzymatically split into chloride and oxygen. Evidence suggests that it is eliminated by an interplay of abiotic and biotic redox reactions involving sulfur compounds. Biological (per)chlorate reduction by ancient archaea at high temperature may have prevented accumulation of perchlorate in early terrestrial environments and consequently given rise to oxidizing conditions on Earth before the rise of oxygenic photosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liebensteiner, Martin G -- Pinkse, Martijn W H -- Schaap, Peter J -- Stams, Alfons J M -- Lomans, Bart P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 5;340(6128):85-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1233957.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23559251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeoglobus fulgidus/*enzymology ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; Perchlorates/*metabolism ; Temperature
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  • 26
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-06-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rowley, Janet D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1412-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1241318.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. jrowley@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23788787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Banding ; Chromosome Deletion ; Gene Fusion ; Genes, abl ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics ; Neoplasms/*genetics/history/therapy ; Philadelphia Chromosome ; *Translocation, Genetic
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2013-09-21
    Description: Prototypical Lewis acids, such as boranes, derive their reactivity from electronic unsaturation. Here, we report the Lewis acidity and catalytic application of electronically saturated phosphorus-centered electrophilic acceptors. Organofluorophosphonium salts of the formula [(C6F5)(3-x)Ph(x)PF][B(C6F5)4] (x = 0 or 1; Ph, phenyl) are shown to form adducts with neutral Lewis bases and to react rapidly with fluoroalkanes to produce difluorophosphoranes. In the presence of hydrosilane, the cation [(C6F5)3PF](+) is shown to catalyze the hydrodefluorination of fluoroalkanes, affording alkanes and fluorosilane. The mechanism demonstrates the impressive fluoride ion affinity of this highly electron-deficient phosphonium center.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caputo, Christopher B -- Hounjet, Lindsay J -- Dobrovetsky, Roman -- Stephan, Douglas W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1374-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1241764.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24052304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: Amborella trichopoda is strongly supported as the single living species of the sister lineage to all other extant flowering plants, providing a unique reference for inferring the genome content and structure of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of living angiosperms. Sequencing the Amborella genome, we identified an ancient genome duplication predating angiosperm diversification, without evidence of subsequent, lineage-specific genome duplications. Comparisons between Amborella and other angiosperms facilitated reconstruction of the ancestral angiosperm gene content and gene order in the MRCA of core eudicots. We identify new gene families, gene duplications, and floral protein-protein interactions that first appeared in the ancestral angiosperm. Transposable elements in Amborella are ancient and highly divergent, with no recent transposon radiations. Population genomic analysis across Amborella's native range in New Caledonia reveals a recent genetic bottleneck and geographic structure with conservation implications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amborella Genome Project -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1241089. doi: 10.1126/science.1241089.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357323" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources ; Contig Mapping ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Flowers/*genetics ; Gene Duplication ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Plant ; Metagenomics/statistics & numerical data ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Multigene Family ; New Caledonia ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tracheobionta/classification/*genetics/*growth & development
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  • 29
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-11-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carboneras, C -- Walton, P -- Vila, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 22;342(6161):930-1. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6161.930-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24264976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Europe ; European Union ; Introduced Species/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical ; data ; Social Control, Formal
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: We describe a solid-state material formed from binary assembly of atomically precise molecular clusters. [Co6Se8(PEt3)6][C60]2 and [Cr6Te8(PEt3)6][C60]2 assembled into a superatomic relative of the cadmium iodide (CdI2) structure type. These solid-state materials showed activated electronic transport with activation energies of 100 to 150 millielectron volts. The more reducing cluster Ni9Te6(PEt3)8 transferred more charge to the fullerene and formed a rock-salt-related structure. In this material, the constituent clusters are able to interact electronically to produce a magnetically ordered phase at low temperature, akin to atoms in a solid-state compound.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roy, Xavier -- Lee, Chul-Ho -- Crowther, Andrew C -- Schenck, Christine L -- Besara, Tiglet -- Lalancette, Roger A -- Siegrist, Theo -- Stephens, Peter W -- Brus, Louis E -- Kim, Philip -- Steigerwald, Michael L -- Nuckolls, Colin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 12;341(6142):157-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1236259. Epub 2013 Jun 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1435-41. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6165.1444.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Science Disciplines/history/*trends ; History, 21st Century ; Humans
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2013-01-26
    Description: Cappa et al. (Reports, 31 August 2012, p. 1078) suggest that black carbon (BC) in a mixture absorbs only ~6% more sunlight than when volatile chemicals are evaporated from the mixture, and state that "many climate models may overestimate warming by BC." However, the authors misinterpret at least some model results and omit optical focusing at high relative humidity and of involatile components. Thus, their conclusion about model error is not demonstrated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacobson, Mark Z -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 25;339(6118):393. doi: 10.1126/science.1229920.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, USA. jacobson@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Carbon/*chemistry ; *Global Warming ; *Light ; *Photochemical Processes ; Soot/*chemistry
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2013-07-23
    Description: Interactions between ceria (CeO2) and supported metals greatly enhance rates for a number of important reactions. However, direct relationships between structure and function in these catalysts have been difficult to extract because the samples studied either were heterogeneous or were model systems dissimilar to working catalysts. We report rate measurements on samples in which the length of the ceria-metal interface was tailored by the use of monodisperse nickel, palladium, and platinum nanocrystals. We found that carbon monoxide oxidation in ceria-based catalysts is greatly enhanced at the ceria-metal interface sites for a range of group VIII metal catalysts, clarifying the pivotal role played by the support.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cargnello, Matteo -- Doan-Nguyen, Vicky V T -- Gordon, Thomas R -- Diaz, Rosa E -- Stach, Eric A -- Gorte, Raymond J -- Fornasiero, Paolo -- Murray, Christopher B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 16;341(6147):771-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1240148. Epub 2013 Jul 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ICCOM-CNR, Consortium INSTM, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868919" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2013-03-23
    Description: Glycosylated alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG) serves as cellular entry receptor for multiple pathogens, and defects in its glycosylation cause hereditary Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS). At least eight proteins are critical to glycosylate alpha-DG, but many genes mutated in WWS remain unknown. To identify modifiers of alpha-DG, we performed a haploid screen for Lassa virus entry, a hemorrhagic fever virus causing thousands of deaths annually that hijacks glycosylated alpha-DG to enter cells. In complementary screens, we profiled cells for absence of alpha-DG carbohydrate chains or biochemically related glycans. This revealed virus host factors and a suite of glycosylation units, including all known Walker-Warburg genes and five additional factors critical for the modification of alpha-DG. Our findings accentuate the complexity of this posttranslational feature and point out genes defective in dystroglycanopathies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919138/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919138/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jae, Lucas T -- Raaben, Matthijs -- Riemersma, Moniek -- van Beusekom, Ellen -- Blomen, Vincent A -- Velds, Arno -- Kerkhoven, Ron M -- Carette, Jan E -- Topaloglu, Haluk -- Meinecke, Peter -- Wessels, Marja W -- Lefeber, Dirk J -- Whelan, Sean P -- van Bokhoven, Hans -- Brummelkamp, Thijn R -- AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI081842/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI081842/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):479-83. doi: 10.1126/science.1233675. Epub 2013 Mar 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23519211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Dystroglycans/*metabolism ; Female ; Glycosylation ; Haploidy ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Lassa Fever/*genetics/virology ; Lassa virus/*physiology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Proteome/*metabolism ; *Virus Internalization ; Walker-Warburg Syndrome/*genetics
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2013-03-30
    Description: Based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, Hailer et al. (Reports, 20 April 2012, p. 344) suggested early divergence of polar bears from a common ancestor with brown bears and subsequent introgression. Our population genetic analysis that traces each of the genealogies in the independent nuclear loci does not support the evolutionary model proposed by the authors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakagome, Shigeki -- Mano, Shuhei -- Hasegawa, Masami -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 29;339(6127):1522. doi: 10.1126/science.1227339.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan. nakagome@ism.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23539580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Genome ; *Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Ursidae/*genetics
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1442. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6165.1442-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357294" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior ; Brain/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Electrical Synapses/physiology/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/*methods ; Mice ; Neoplasms/*therapy ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*trends ; Single-Cell Analysis/*trends
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Atmospheric deep convection in the west Pacific plays a key role in the global heat and moisture budgets, yet its response to orbital and abrupt climate change events is poorly resolved. Here, we present four absolutely dated, overlapping stalagmite oxygen isotopic records from northern Borneo that span most of the last glacial cycle. The records suggest that northern Borneo's hydroclimate shifted in phase with precessional forcing but was only weakly affected by glacial-interglacial changes in global climate boundary conditions. Regional convection likely decreased during Heinrich events, but other Northern Hemisphere abrupt climate change events are notably absent. The new records suggest that the deep tropical Pacific hydroclimate variability may have played an important role in shaping the global response to the largest abrupt climate change events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carolin, Stacy A -- Cobb, Kim M -- Adkins, Jess F -- Clark, Brian -- Conroy, Jessica L -- Lejau, Syria -- Malang, Jenny -- Tuen, Andrew A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 28;340(6140):1564-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1233797. Epub 2013 Jun 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. stacy.carolin@gatech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Borneo ; *Climate Change ; Convection ; *Ice Cover ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; *Tropical Climate
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2013-06-15
    Description: The Root effect is a pH-dependent reduction in hemoglobin-O2 carrying capacity. Specific to ray-finned fishes, the Root effect has been ascribed specialized roles in retinal oxygenation and swimbladder inflation. We report that when rainbow trout are exposed to elevated water carbon dioxide (CO2), red muscle partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) increases by 65%--evidence that Root hemoglobins enhance general tissue O2 delivery during acidotic stress. Inhibiting carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the plasma abolished this effect. We argue that CA activity in muscle capillaries short-circuits red blood cell (RBC) pH regulation. This acidifies RBCs, unloads O2 from hemoglobin, and elevates tissue PO2, which could double O2 delivery with no change in perfusion. This previously undescribed mechanism to enhance O2 delivery during stress may represent the incipient function of Root hemoglobins in fishes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rummer, Jodie L -- McKenzie, David J -- Innocenti, Alessio -- Supuran, Claudiu T -- Brauner, Colin J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 14;340(6138):1327-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1233692.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada. jodie.rummer@jcu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23766325" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Erythrocytes/metabolism ; Hemoglobins/*metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Oncorhynchus mykiss/*blood/*metabolism ; Oxygen/*blood/*metabolism ; Partial Pressure ; Stress, Physiological
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2013-05-21
    Description: Evidence for transcriptional feedback in circadian timekeeping is abundant, yet little is known about the mechanisms underlying translational control. We found that ATAXIN-2 (ATX2), an RNA-associated protein involved in neurodegenerative disease, is a translational activator of the rate-limiting clock component PERIOD (PER) in Drosophila. ATX2 specifically interacted with TWENTY-FOUR (TYF), an activator of PER translation. RNA interference-mediated depletion of Atx2 or the expression of a mutant ATX2 protein that does not associate with polyadenylate-binding protein (PABP) suppressed behavioral rhythms and decreased abundance of PER. Although ATX2 can repress translation, depletion of Atx2 from Drosophila S2 cells inhibited translational activation by RNA-tethered TYF and disrupted the association between TYF and PABP. Thus, ATX2 coordinates an active translation complex important for PER expression and circadian rhythms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lim, Chunghun -- Allada, Ravi -- R01NS059042/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 17;340(6134):875-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1234785.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23687047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ataxins ; Cell Line ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Drosophila Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism/*physiology ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Poly(A)-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA Interference
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  • 40
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-08-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaffe, Harold -- Patterson, Amy P -- Lurie, Nicole -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 16;341(6147):713-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1244158. Epub 2013 Aug 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23926189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomedical Research ; Containment of Biohazards ; *Government Regulation ; *Influenza A virus/genetics/pathogenicity/physiology ; Mammals ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/transmission/*virology ; Risk Assessment ; Safety Management ; United States ; *United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferrini-Mundy, Joan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):278. doi: 10.1126/science.1235521.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230, USA. jferrini@nsf.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cultural Diversity ; Engineering/*economics ; Ethnic Groups/*education ; Humans ; Mathematics/*education ; Science/*education ; Technology/*education ; United States/ethnology
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2013-05-25
    Description: Cramer et al. (Reports, 23 March 2012, p. 1503; published online 9 February 2012) reported that bexarotene rapidly reduces beta-amyloid (Abeta) levels and plaque burden in two mouse models of Abeta deposition in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We now report that, although bexarotene reduces soluble Abeta40 levels in one of the mouse models, the drug has no impact on plaque burden in three strains that exhibit Abeta amyloidosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Veeraraghavalu, Karthikeyan -- Zhang, Can -- Miller, Sean -- Hefendehl, Jasmin K -- Rajapaksha, Tharinda W -- Ulrich, Jason -- Jucker, Mathias -- Holtzman, David M -- Tanzi, Rudolph E -- Vassar, Robert -- Sisodia, Sangram S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 24;340(6135):924-f. doi: 10.1126/science.1235505.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23704555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*drug therapy/*metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*metabolism ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins E/*metabolism ; Brain/*metabolism ; Male ; Tetrahydronaphthalenes/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1442-3. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6165.1442-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357293" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Viral/chemistry/immunology ; *Drug Design ; Humans ; Infant ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Engineering ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/*prevention & control ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/*chemistry/immunology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/*chemistry/immunology ; Viral Fusion Proteins/*chemistry/immunology ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: The skin is a classical example of a tissue maintained by stem cells. However, the identity of the stem cells that maintain the interfollicular epidermis and the source of the signals that control their activity remain unclear. Using mouse lineage tracing and quantitative clonal analyses, we showed that the Wnt target gene Axin2 marks interfollicular epidermal stem cells. These Axin2-expressing cells constitute the majority of the basal epidermal layer, compete neutrally, and require Wnt/beta-catenin signaling to proliferate. The same cells contribute robustly to wound healing, with no requirement for a quiescent stem cell subpopulation. By means of double-labeling RNA in situ hybridization in mice, we showed that the Axin2-expressing cells themselves produce Wnt signals as well as long-range secreted Wnt inhibitors, suggesting an autocrine mechanism of stem cell self-renewal.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4081860/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4081860/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lim, Xinhong -- Tan, Si Hui -- Koh, Winston Lian Chye -- Chau, Rosanna Man Wah -- Yan, Kelley S -- Kuo, Calvin J -- van Amerongen, Renee -- Klein, Allon Moshe -- Nusse, Roel -- 1R01DK085720/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- 1U01DK085527/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- 5K08DK096048/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K08 DK096048/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK026743/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK085720/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U01 DK085527/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1226-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1239730.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311688" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Autocrine Communication ; Axin Protein/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Epidermis/*cytology/injuries/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Keratinocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; Regeneration ; Skin/injuries ; Stem Cell Niche ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism ; *Wnt Signaling Pathway ; Wound Healing ; beta Catenin/genetics/metabolism
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4361224/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4361224/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fidock, David A -- R01 AI050234/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI079709/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 28;340(6140):1531-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1240539.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA. df2260@columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23812705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antimalarials/*administration & dosage ; Artemisinins/*administration & dosage ; Child ; DNA Mismatch Repair/*genetics ; Disease Eradication/*methods ; Drug Resistance/*genetics ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology/*prevention & control ; Mutation ; Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects/*genetics
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2013-03-16
    Description: Silicatein-alpha is responsible for the biomineralization of silicates in sponges. We used silicatein-alpha to guide the self-assembly of calcite "spicules" similar to the spicules of the calcareous sponge Sycon sp. The self-assembled spicules, 10 to 300 micrometers (mum) in length and 5 to 10 mum in diameter, are composed of aligned calcite nanocrystals. The spicules are initially amorphous but transform into calcite within months, exhibiting unusual growth along [100]. They scatter x-rays like twinned calcite crystals. Whereas natural spicules evidence brittle failure, the synthetic spicules show an elastic response, which greatly enhances bending strength. This remarkable feature is linked to a high protein content. With nano-thermogravimetric analysis, we measured the organic content of a single spicule to be 10 to 16%. In addition, the spicules exhibit waveguiding properties even when they are bent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Natalio, Filipe -- Corrales, Tomas P -- Panthofer, Martin -- Schollmeyer, Dieter -- Lieberwirth, Ingo -- Muller, Werner E G -- Kappl, Michael -- Butt, Hans-Jurgen -- Tremel, Wolfgang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 15;339(6125):1298-302. doi: 10.1126/science.1216260.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat, Mainz, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23493708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium Carbonate/*chemistry ; Cathepsins/*chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Porifera ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; *Stress, Mechanical
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vereecken, Luc -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):154-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1236475.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany. luc.vereecken@mpic.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: An inducible program of inflammatory gene expression is central to antimicrobial defenses. This response is controlled by a collaboration involving signal-dependent activation of transcription factors, transcriptional co-regulators, and chromatin-modifying factors. We have identified a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that acts as a key regulator of this inflammatory response. Pattern recognition receptors such as the Toll-like receptors induce the expression of numerous lncRNAs. One of these, lincRNA-Cox2, mediates both the activation and repression of distinct classes of immune genes. Transcriptional repression of target genes is dependent on interactions of lincRNA-Cox2 with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B and A2/B1. Collectively, these studies unveil a central role of lincRNA-Cox2 as a broad-acting regulatory component of the circuit that controls the inflammatory response.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4376668/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4376668/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carpenter, Susan -- Aiello, Daniel -- Atianand, Maninjay K -- Ricci, Emiliano P -- Gandhi, Pallavi -- Hall, Lisa L -- Byron, Meg -- Monks, Brian -- Henry-Bezy, Meabh -- Lawrence, Jeanne B -- O'Neill, Luke A J -- Moore, Melissa J -- Caffrey, Daniel R -- Fitzgerald, Katherine A -- AI067497/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM053234/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI067497/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 16;341(6147):789-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1240925. Epub 2013 Aug 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23907535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics ; Cytokines/genetics/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; Inflammation/*genetics ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages/*immunology/*metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Immunological ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Long Noncoding/*genetics/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptors/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2013-11-30
    Description: Production of anilines--key intermediates for the fine chemical, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries--relies on precious metal catalysts that selectively hydrogenate aryl nitro groups in the presence of other easily reducible functionalities. Herein, we report convenient and stable iron oxide (Fe2O3)-based catalysts as a more earth-abundant alternative for this transformation. Pyrolysis of iron-phenanthroline complexes on carbon furnishes a unique structure in which the active Fe2O3 particles are surrounded by a nitrogen-doped carbon layer. Highly selective hydrogenation of numerous structurally diverse nitroarenes (more than 80 examples) proceeded in good to excellent yield under industrially viable conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jagadeesh, Rajenahally V -- Surkus, Annette-Enrica -- Junge, Henrik -- Pohl, Marga-Martina -- Radnik, Jorg -- Rabeah, Jabor -- Huan, Heming -- Schunemann, Volker -- Bruckner, Angelika -- Beller, Matthias -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 29;342(6162):1073-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1242005.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse e.V. an der Universitat Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aniline Compounds/*chemical synthesis ; Catalysis ; Ferric Compounds/*chemistry ; Hydrogenation
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2013-06-15
    Description: Epistatic interactions between mutant sites in the same protein can exert a strong influence on pathways of molecular evolution. We performed protein engineering experiments that revealed pervasive epistasis among segregating amino acid variants that contribute to adaptive functional variation in deer mouse hemoglobin (Hb). Amino acid mutations increased or decreased Hb-O2 affinity depending on the allelic state of other sites. Structural analysis revealed that epistasis for Hb-O2 affinity and allosteric regulatory control is attributable to indirect interactions between structurally remote sites. The prevalence of sign epistasis for fitness-related biochemical phenotypes has important implications for the evolutionary dynamics of protein polymorphism in natural populations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4409680/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4409680/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Natarajan, Chandrasekhar -- Inoguchi, Noriko -- Weber, Roy E -- Fago, Angela -- Moriyama, Hideaki -- Storz, Jay F -- HL087216-S1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087216/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 14;340(6138):1324-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1236862.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23766324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological/*genetics ; Alleles ; Animals ; *Epistasis, Genetic ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Exons ; Genetic Variation ; Hemoglobins/*chemistry/*genetics ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Mutation ; Oxygen/chemistry ; Peromyscus/genetics/*physiology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; alpha-Globins/chemistry/genetics ; beta-Globins/genetics
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1440-1. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6165.1440-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Fusobacterium/physiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; *Health ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Formula/chemistry ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/chemically induced/etiology ; Klebsiella/drug effects/metabolism ; Malnutrition/microbiology ; Neoplasms/microbiology ; Rats ; Triazines/metabolism/toxicity
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, C D -- Chu, Wei-Chun -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 10;340(6133):694-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1238396.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. cdlin@phys.ksu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23661749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2013-11-23
    Description: Fluorinated heterocycles are prevalent in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. However, reactions that incorporate fluorine into heteroarenes are limited in scope and can be hazardous. We present a broadly applicable and safe method for the site-selective fluorination of a single carbon-hydrogen bond in pyridines and diazines using commercially available silver(II) fluoride. The reactions occur at ambient temperature within 1 hour with exclusive selectivity for fluorination adjacent to nitrogen. The mild conditions allow access to fluorinated derivatives of medicinally important compounds, as well as a range of 2-substituted pyridines prepared by subsequent nucleophilic displacement of fluoride. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the pathway of a classic pyridine amination can be adapted for selective fluorination of a broad range of nitrogen heterocycles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fier, Patrick S -- Hartwig, John F -- R37GM-55382/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 22;342(6161):956-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1243759.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24264986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amination ; Carbon/chemistry ; Fluorides/chemistry ; Fluorine/*chemistry ; *Halogenation ; Hydrogen/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Nitrogen/chemistry ; Pyridines/*chemistry ; Silver Compounds/chemistry
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  • 54
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1440. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6165.1440-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Brain/*metabolism ; Coloring Agents/analysis/pharmacokinetics ; Mice ; Sleep/*physiology
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2013-08-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verger, Philippe J P -- Boobis, Alan R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 16;341(6147):717-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1241572.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. vergerp@who.int〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23950515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crops, Agricultural/*chemistry ; Developing Countries ; *Food Safety ; *Food Supply ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; *Pesticide Residues/analysis/toxicity ; *Pesticides/analysis/metabolism/toxicity ; Risk Assessment ; Toxicity Tests
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2013-11-02
    Description: Native tallgrass prairie once dominated much of the midwestern United States, but this biome and the soil microbial diversity that once sustained this highly productive system have been almost completely eradicated by decades of agricultural practices. We reconstructed the soil microbial diversity that once existed in this biome by analyzing relict prairie soils and found that the biogeographical patterns were largely driven by changes in the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia, a poorly studied bacterial phylum that appears to dominate many prairie soils. Shotgun metagenomic data suggested that these spatial patterns were associated with strong shifts in carbon dynamics. We show that metagenomic approaches can be used to reconstruct below-ground biogeochemical and diversity gradients in endangered ecosystems; such information could be used to improve restoration efforts, given that even small changes in below-ground microbial diversity can have important impacts on ecosystem processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fierer, Noah -- Ladau, Joshua -- Clemente, Jose C -- Leff, Jonathan W -- Owens, Sarah M -- Pollard, Katherine S -- Knight, Rob -- Gilbert, Jack A -- McCulley, Rebecca L -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 1;342(6158):621-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1243768.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24179225" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Archaea/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Bacteria/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Biodiversity ; *Endangered Species ; Metagenomics ; Poaceae ; *Soil ; *Soil Microbiology ; United States
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2013-05-21
    Description: The generation of high-affinity antibodies depends on the ability of B cells to extract antigens from the surfaces of antigen-presenting cells. B cells that express high-affinity B cell receptors (BCRs) acquire more antigen and obtain better T cell help. However, the mechanisms by which B cells extract antigen remain unclear. Using fluid and flexible membrane substrates to mimic antigen-presenting cells, we showed that B cells acquire antigen by dynamic myosin IIa-mediated contractions that pull out and invaginate the presenting membranes. The forces generated by myosin IIa contractions ruptured most individual BCR-antigen bonds and promoted internalization of only high-affinity, multivalent BCR microclusters. Thus, B cell contractility contributes to affinity discrimination by mechanically testing the strength of antigen binding.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3713314/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3713314/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Natkanski, Elizabeth -- Lee, Wing-Yiu -- Mistry, Bhakti -- Casal, Antonio -- Molloy, Justin E -- Tolar, Pavel -- MC_U117570592/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U117597138/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U117570592/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U117597138/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 28;340(6140):1587-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1237572. Epub 2013 May 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Immune Cell Biology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23686338" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibody Affinity ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigens/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Mechanical Processes ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIA/*physiology ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2013-06-15
    Description: Different stimulus intensities elicit distinct perceptions, implying that input signals are either conveyed through an overlapping but distinct subpopulation of sensory neurons or channeled into divergent brain circuits according to intensity. In Drosophila, carbon dioxide (CO2) is detected by a single type of olfactory sensory neuron, but information is conveyed to higher brain centers through second-order projection neurons (PNs). Two distinct pathways, PN(v)-1 and PN(v)-2, are necessary and sufficient for avoidance responses to low and high CO2 concentrations, respectively. Whereas low concentrations activate PN(v)-1, high concentrations activate both PN(v)s and GABAergic PN(v)-3, which may inhibit PN(v)-1 pathway-mediated avoidance behavior. Channeling a sensory input into distinct neural pathways allows the perception of an odor to be further modulated by both stimulus intensity and context.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Hui-Hao -- Chu, Li-An -- Fu, Tsai-Feng -- Dickson, Barry J -- Chiang, Ann-Shyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 14;340(6138):1338-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1236693.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23766327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Escape Reaction/*physiology ; Olfactory Pathways/*physiology ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/cytology/*physiology
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2013-11-10
    Description: Mitotic chromosomes are among the most recognizable structures in the cell, yet for over a century their internal organization remains largely unsolved. We applied chromosome conformation capture methods, 5C and Hi-C, across the cell cycle and revealed two distinct three-dimensional folding states of the human genome. We show that the highly compartmentalized and cell type-specific organization described previously for nonsynchronous cells is restricted to interphase. In metaphase, we identified a homogenous folding state that is locus-independent, common to all chromosomes, and consistent among cell types, suggesting a general principle of metaphase chromosome organization. Using polymer simulations, we found that metaphase Hi-C data are inconsistent with classic hierarchical models and are instead best described by a linearly organized longitudinally compressed array of consecutive chromatin loops.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4040465/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4040465/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naumova, Natalia -- Imakaev, Maxim -- Fudenberg, Geoffrey -- Zhan, Ye -- Lajoie, Bryan R -- Mirny, Leonid A -- Dekker, Job -- HG003143/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003143/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54CA143874/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 22;342(6161):948-53. doi: 10.1126/science.1236083. Epub 2013 Nov 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS), 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605-0103, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24200812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biopolymers/chemistry ; Cell Cycle/genetics ; Chromatin/chemistry ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/*chemistry ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Metaphase/genetics ; Mitosis/*genetics ; Models, Chemical
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-02-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4240228/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4240228/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ryan, Karen K -- Seeley, Randy J -- DK093848/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL111319/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HL111319/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK093848/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 22;339(6122):918-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1234062.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23430646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/metabolism ; Animals ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Diet ; Dietary Carbohydrates/*metabolism ; Dietary Fats/*metabolism ; Digestive System/microbiology ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; *Food ; *Hormones ; Humans ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; *Signal Transduction
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  • 61
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carr, Lincoln D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 4;339(6115):42-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1232558.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Boulder, CO 80401, USA. lcarr@mines.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23288530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: Secondary bacterial pneumonia leads to increased morbidity and mortality from influenza virus infections. What causes this increased susceptibility, however, is not well defined. Host defense from infection relies not only on immune resistance mechanisms but also on the ability to tolerate a given level of pathogen burden. Failure of either resistance or tolerance can contribute to disease severity, making it hard to distinguish their relative contribution. We employ a coinfection mouse model of influenza virus and Legionella pneumophila in which we can separate resistance and tolerance. We demonstrate that influenza virus can promote susceptibility to lethal bacterial coinfection, even when bacterial infection is controlled by the immune system. We propose that this failure of host defense is due to impaired ability to tolerate tissue damage.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3933032/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3933032/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jamieson, Amanda M -- Pasman, Lesley -- Yu, Shuang -- Gamradt, Pia -- Homer, Robert J -- Decker, Thomas -- Medzhitov, Ruslan -- AI R01 055502/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 046688/PHS HHS/ -- R01 AI046688/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI055502/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 7;340(6137):1230-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1233632. Epub 2013 Apr 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. amanda_jamieson@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23618765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caspase 1 ; Coinfection/*immunology/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism ; *Legionella pneumophila ; Legionnaires' Disease/*immunology/pathology ; Lung/microbiology/pathology/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Orthomyxoviridae ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/*immunology/pathology ; Pneumonia, Bacterial/*immunology/pathology ; Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 3/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2013-05-11
    Description: Water is perhaps the most important molecule in the solar system, and determining its origin and distribution in planetary interiors has important implications for understanding the evolution of planetary bodies. Here we report in situ measurements of the isotopic composition of hydrogen dissolved in primitive volcanic glass and olivine-hosted melt inclusions recovered from the Moon by the Apollo 15 and 17 missions. After consideration of cosmic-ray spallation and degassing processes, our results demonstrate that lunar magmatic water has an isotopic composition that is indistinguishable from that of the bulk water in carbonaceous chondrites and similar to that of terrestrial water, implying a common origin for the water contained in the interiors of Earth and the Moon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saal, Alberto E -- Hauri, Erik H -- Van Orman, James A -- Rutherford, Malcolm J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 14;340(6138):1317-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1235142. Epub 2013 May 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. asaal@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23661641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2013-12-18
    Description: An understanding of ctenophore biology is critical for reconstructing events that occurred early in animal evolution. Toward this goal, we have sequenced, assembled, and annotated the genome of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. Our phylogenomic analyses of both amino acid positions and gene content suggest that ctenophores rather than sponges are the sister lineage to all other animals. Mnemiopsis lacks many of the genes found in bilaterian mesodermal cell types, suggesting that these cell types evolved independently. The set of neural genes in Mnemiopsis is similar to that of sponges, indicating that sponges may have lost a nervous system. These results present a newly supported view of early animal evolution that accounts for major losses and/or gains of sophisticated cell types, including nerve and muscle cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3920664/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3920664/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ryan, Joseph F -- Pang, Kevin -- Schnitzler, Christine E -- Nguyen, Anh-Dao -- Moreland, R Travis -- Simmons, David K -- Koch, Bernard J -- Francis, Warren R -- Havlak, Paul -- NISC Comparative Sequencing Program -- Smith, Stephen A -- Putnam, Nicholas H -- Haddock, Steven H D -- Dunn, Casey W -- Wolfsberg, Tyra G -- Mullikin, James C -- Martindale, Mark Q -- Baxevanis, Andreas D -- ZIA HG000140-13/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA HG000140-14/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA HG000140-15/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 13;342(6164):1242592. doi: 10.1126/science.1242592.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genome Technology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24337300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Lineage/*genetics ; Ctenophora/classification/*cytology/*genetics ; *Genome ; Mesoderm/cytology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Development/genetics ; Neurogenesis/genetics ; Phylogeny
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2013-02-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jeanloz, Raymond -- Fung, Inez -- Bowyer, Theodore W -- Wofsy, Steven C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 15;339(6121):761-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1228731.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94707, USA. jeanloz@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23413340" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Environmental Monitoring/*methods ; International Cooperation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Weapons of Mass Destruction/*legislation & jurisprudence
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verissimo, Diogo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 15;342(6160):798-9. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6160.798-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24233705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Crops, Agricultural ; Insect Control/*methods ; *Insecticides ; *Oryza
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1438-9. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6165.1438-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/chemistry/toxicity ; Calcium Compounds/*chemistry/toxicity ; Crystallization ; Lead/chemistry/toxicity ; Oxides/*chemistry/toxicity ; *Solar Energy ; Titanium/*chemistry/toxicity ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry/toxicity
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  • 68
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finkbeiner, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 26;341(6144):334-5, 337. doi: 10.1126/science.341.6144.334.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23888016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: Light can be coupled into propagating electromagnetic surface waves at a metal-dielectric interface known as surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). This process has traditionally faced challenges in the polarization sensitivity of the coupling efficiency and in controlling the directionality of the SPPs. We designed and demonstrated plasmonic couplers that overcome these limits using polarization-sensitive apertures in a gold film. Our devices enable polarization-controlled tunable directional coupling with polarization-invariant total conversion efficiency and preserve the incident polarization information. Both bidirectional and unidirectional launching of SPPs are demonstrated. The design is further applied to circular structures that create radially convergent and divergent SPPs, illustrating that this concept can be extended to a broad range of applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Jiao -- Mueller, J P Balthasar -- Wang, Qian -- Yuan, Guanghui -- Antoniou, Nicholas -- Yuan, Xiao-Cong -- Capasso, Federico -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):331-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1233746.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2013-05-21
    Description: Piezoelectric nanostructured quartz films of high resonance frequencies are needed for microelectronic devices; however, synthesis methods have been frustrated by the inhomogeneous crystal growth, crystal twinning, and loss of nanofeatures upon crystallization. We report the epitaxial growth of nanostructured polycrystalline quartz films on silicon [Si(100)] substrates via the solution deposition and gelation of amorphous silica thin films, followed by thermal treatment. Key to the process is the combined use of either a strontium (Sr(2+)) or barium (Ba(2+)) catalyst with an amphiphilic molecular template. The silica nanostructure constructed by cooperative self-assembly permits homogeneous distribution of the cations, which are responsible for the crystallization of quartz. The low mismatch between the silicon and alpha-quartz cell parameters selects this particular polymorph, inducing epitaxial growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carretero-Genevrier, A -- Gich, M -- Picas, L -- Gazquez, J -- Drisko, G L -- Boissiere, C -- Grosso, D -- Rodriguez-Carvajal, J -- Sanchez, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 17;340(6134):827-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1232968.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire Chimie de la Matiere Condensee, UMR UPMC-College de France-CNRS 7574, College de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23687040" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2013-11-23
    Description: Cancer is a disease in which cells accumulate genetic aberrations that are believed to confer a clonal advantage over cells in the surrounding tissue. However, the quantitative benefit of frequently occurring mutations during tumor development remains unknown. We quantified the competitive advantage of Apc loss, Kras activation, and P53 mutations in the mouse intestine. Our findings indicate that the fate conferred by these mutations is not deterministic, and many mutated stem cells are replaced by wild-type stem cells after biased, but still stochastic events. Furthermore, P53 mutations display a condition-dependent advantage, and especially in colitis-affected intestines, clones harboring mutations in this gene are favored. Our work confirms the previously theoretical notion that the tissue architecture of the intestine suppresses the accumulation of mutated lineages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vermeulen, Louis -- Morrissey, Edward -- van der Heijden, Maartje -- Nicholson, Anna M -- Sottoriva, Andrea -- Buczacki, Simon -- Kemp, Richard -- Tavare, Simon -- Winton, Douglas J -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 22;342(6161):995-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1243148.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24264992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein/genetics ; Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics/*pathology ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Intestinal Neoplasms/*genetics/*pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism/*pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2013-09-28
    Description: The growing prevalence of overeating disorders is a key contributor to the worldwide obesity epidemic. Dysfunction of particular neural circuits may trigger deviations from adaptive feeding behaviors. The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a crucial neural substrate for motivated behavior, including feeding, but the precise functional neurocircuitry that controls LH neuronal activity to engage feeding has not been defined. We observed that inhibitory synaptic inputs from the extended amygdala preferentially innervate and suppress the activity of LH glutamatergic neurons to control food intake. These findings help explain how dysregulated activity at a number of unique nodes can result in a cascading failure within a defined brain network to produce maladaptive feeding.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4131546/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4131546/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jennings, Joshua H -- Rizzi, Giorgio -- Stamatakis, Alice M -- Ung, Randall L -- Stuber, Garret D -- AA011605/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AA022234/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- DA032750/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA034472/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- F31 DA034472/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- NS007431/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS045892/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 AA011605/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA032750/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 27;341(6153):1517-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1241812.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24072922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Amygdala/physiology ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Eating/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/*physiology ; GABAergic Neurons/*physiology ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Luminescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Obesity/physiopathology ; Rhodopsin/genetics/metabolism ; Septal Nuclei/physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism/physiology
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: Color patterns of bird plumage affect animal behavior and speciation. Diverse patterns are present in different species and within the individual. Here, we study the cellular and molecular basis of feather pigment pattern formation. Melanocyte progenitors are distributed as a horizontal ring in the proximal follicle, sending melanocytes vertically up into the epithelial cylinder, which gradually emerges as feathers grow. Different pigment patterns form by modulating the presence, arrangement, or differentiation of melanocytes. A layer of peripheral pulp further regulates pigmentation via patterned agouti expression. Lifetime feather cyclic regeneration resets pigment patterns for physiological needs. Thus, the evolution of stem cell niche topology allows complex pigment patterning through combinatorial co-option of simple regulatory mechanisms.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4144997/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4144997/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, S J -- Foley, J -- Jiang, T X -- Yeh, C Y -- Wu, P -- Foley, A -- Yen, C M -- Huang, Y C -- Cheng, H C -- Chen, C F -- Reeder, B -- Jee, S H -- Widelitz, R B -- Chuong, C M -- AR060306/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR42177/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR47364/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR042177/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR047364/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1442-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1230374. Epub 2013 Apr 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23618762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agouti Signaling Protein/metabolism ; Animals ; Birds/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Chickens/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Columbidae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Feathers/*cytology/growth & development ; Female ; Galliformes/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Male ; Melanocytes/*cytology/physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Pigmentation ; Regeneration ; *Stem Cell Niche ; Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2013-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabol, T J -- Soliday Hong, S L -- Pianta, R C -- Burchinal, M R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 23;341(6148):845-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1233517.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. terri.sabol@northwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23970684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Educational Measurement/*methods ; *Educational Status ; Faculty ; Humans ; Language ; *Learning ; Mathematics/education ; Program Evaluation/*methods ; Reading ; United States
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  • 75
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1436-7. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6165.1436-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/anatomy & histology/blood supply/*growth & development ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology ; Neural Stem Cells/*cytology ; *Neurogenesis ; *Organ Culture Techniques
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  • 76
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1436. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6165.1436-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Separation ; Cloning, Organism/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; *Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Pregnancy ; *Research Embryo Creation ; Surrogate Mothers
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2013-11-02
    Description: Central nervous system injuries are accompanied by scar formation. It has been difficult to delineate the precise role of the scar, as it is made by several different cell types, which may limit the damage but also inhibit axonal regrowth. We show that scarring by neural stem cell-derived astrocytes is required to restrict secondary enlargement of the lesion and further axonal loss after spinal cord injury. Moreover, neural stem cell progeny exerts a neurotrophic effect required for survival of neurons adjacent to the lesion. One distinct component of the glial scar, deriving from resident neural stem cells, is required for maintaining the integrity of the injured spinal cord.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabelstrom, Hanna -- Stenudd, Moa -- Reu, Pedro -- Dias, David O -- Elfineh, Marta -- Zdunek, Sofia -- Damberg, Peter -- Goritz, Christian -- Frisen, Jonas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 1;342(6158):637-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1242576.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24179227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Astrocytes/physiology ; Axons/*physiology ; Cell Survival ; Cicatrix/*pathology ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics ; Genes, ras ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Neural Stem Cells/*physiology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*pathology
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2013-11-30
    Description: Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers and is associated with a decreased response of tumors to endocrine therapies. Here, we show that 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), a primary metabolite of cholesterol and an ER and liver X receptor (LXR) ligand, increases ER-dependent growth and LXR-dependent metastasis in mouse models of breast cancer. The effects of cholesterol on tumor pathology required its conversion to 27HC by the cytochrome P450 oxidase CYP27A1 and were attenuated by treatment with CYP27A1 inhibitors. In human breast cancer specimens, CYP27A1 expression levels correlated with tumor grade. In high-grade tumors, both tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages exhibited high expression levels of the enzyme. Thus, lowering circulating cholesterol levels or interfering with its conversion to 27HC may be a useful strategy to prevent and/or treat breast cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3899689/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3899689/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, Erik R -- Wardell, Suzanne E -- Jasper, Jeff S -- Park, Sunghee -- Suchindran, Sunil -- Howe, Matthew K -- Carver, Nicole J -- Pillai, Ruchita V -- Sullivan, Patrick M -- Sondhi, Varun -- Umetani, Michihisa -- Geradts, Joseph -- McDonnell, Donald P -- K99CA172357/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK048807/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37DK048807/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA059365/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 29;342(6162):1094-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1241908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/blood/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxycholesterols/antagonists & inhibitors/blood/*metabolism ; Hypercholesterolemia/blood/*metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; Mice ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2013-01-19
    Description: Microporous polymers of extreme rigidity are required for gas-separation membranes that combine high permeability with selectivity. We report a shape-persistent ladder polymer consisting of benzene rings fused together by inflexible bridged bicyclic units. The polymer's contorted shape ensures both microporosity-with an internal surface area greater than 1000 square meters per gram-and solubility so that it is readily cast from solution into robust films. These films demonstrate exceptional performance as molecular sieves with high gas permeabilities and good selectivities for smaller gas molecules, such as hydrogen and oxygen, over larger molecules, such as nitrogen and methane. Hence, this polymer has excellent potential for making membranes suitable for large-scale gas separations of commercial and environmental relevance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carta, Mariolino -- Malpass-Evans, Richard -- Croad, Matthew -- Rogan, Yulia -- Jansen, Johannes C -- Bernardo, Paola -- Bazzarelli, Fabio -- McKeown, Neil B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 18;339(6117):303-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1228032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23329042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: Insects often undergo regular outbreaks in population density but identifying the causal mechanism for such outbreaks in any particular species has proven difficult. Here, we show that outbreak cycles in the tea tortrix Adoxophyes honmai can be explained by temperature-driven changes in system stability. Wavelet analysis of a 51-year time series spanning more than 200 outbreaks reveals a threshold in outbreak amplitude each spring when temperature exceeds 15 degrees C and a secession of outbreaks each fall as temperature decreases. This is in close agreement with our independently parameterized mathematical model that predicts the system crosses a Hopf bifurcation from stability to sustained cycles as temperature increases. These results suggest that temperature can alter system stability and provide an explanation for generation cycles in multivoltine insects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, William A -- Bjornstad, Ottar N -- Yamanaka, Takehiko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 16;341(6147):796-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1238477. Epub 2013 Aug 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. nelsonw@queensu.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23907532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Life Cycle Stages ; Models, Biological ; Moths/growth & development/*physiology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Seasons ; *Temperature ; Wavelet Analysis
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher, Simon E -- Ridley, Matt -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 24;340(6135):929-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1236171.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Language and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands. imon.fi sher@mpi.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23704558" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Culture ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Humans
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-04-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nerenberg, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 5;340(6128):38-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1236336.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. nerenberg.1@nd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23559239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeoglobus fulgidus/*enzymology ; Perchlorates/*metabolism
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: Whereas reward (appetitiveness) and aversiveness (punishment) have been distinguished as two discrete dimensions within psychology and behavior, physiological and computational models of their neural representation have treated them as opposite sides of a single continuous dimension of "value." Here, I show that although dopamine neurons of the primate ventral midbrain are activated by evidence for reward and suppressed by evidence against reward, they are insensitive to aversiveness. This indicates that reward and aversiveness are represented independently as two dimensions, even by neurons that are closely related to motor function. Because theory and experiment support the existence of opponent neural representations for value, the present results imply four types of value-sensitive neurons corresponding to reward-ON (dopamine), reward-OFF, aversive-ON, and aversive-OFF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fiorillo, Christopher D -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):546-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1238699.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. fiorillo@kaist.ac.kr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Appetitive Behavior/*physiology ; Conditioning, Classical/physiology ; Dopaminergic Neurons/*physiology ; Female ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Mesencephalon/cytology/*physiology ; Punishment/*psychology ; *Reward
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1434-5. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6165.1434-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*ultrastructure ; Cell Count/methods ; Cell Membrane/chemistry ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/*methods ; Membrane Lipids/*chemistry ; Mice ; Neurons/chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Staining and Labeling/*methods
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Casavecchia, Piergiorgio -- Alexander, Millard H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 6;341(6150):1076-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1244109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy. piero@dyn.unipg.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24009384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Hydrogen/*chemistry ; Oxygen/*chemistry
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: The 2011 moment magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake produced a maximum coseismic slip of more than 50 meters near the Japan trench, which could result in a completely reduced stress state in the region. We tested this hypothesis by determining the in situ stress state of the frontal prism from boreholes drilled by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program approximately 1 year after the earthquake and by inferring the pre-earthquake stress state. On the basis of the horizontal stress orientations and magnitudes estimated from borehole breakouts and the increase in coseismic displacement during propagation of the rupture to the trench axis, in situ horizontal stress decreased during the earthquake. The stress change suggests an active slip of the frontal plate interface, which is consistent with coseismic fault weakening and a nearly total stress drop.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Weiren -- Conin, Marianne -- Moore, J Casey -- Chester, Frederick M -- Nakamura, Yasuyuki -- Mori, James J -- Anderson, Louise -- Brodsky, Emily E -- Eguchi, Nobuhisa -- Expedition 343 Scientists -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 8;339(6120):687-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1229379.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Nankoku, Japan. lin@jamstec.go.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23393262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: Recovery of overexploited marine populations has been slow, and most remain below target biomass levels. A key question is whether this is due to insufficient reductions in harvest rates or the erosion of population resilience. Using a global meta-analysis of overfished stocks, we find that resilience of those stocks subjected to moderate levels of overfishing is enhanced, not compromised, offering the possibility of swift recovery. However, prolonged intense overexploitation, especially for collapsed stocks, not only delays rebuilding but also substantially increases the uncertainty in recovery times, despite predictable influences of fishing and life history. Timely and decisive reductions in harvest rates could mitigate this uncertainty. Instead, current harvest and low biomass levels render recovery improbable for the majority of the world's depleted stocks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neubauer, Philipp -- Jensen, Olaf P -- Hutchings, Jeffrey A -- Baum, Julia K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):347-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1230441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. neubauer.phil@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Fisheries ; Fishes/*growth & development/physiology ; Population Density
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-06-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jerolmack, Douglas J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 31;340(6136):1055-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1239343.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. sediment@sas.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23723224" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Victora, Gabriel D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1186. doi: 10.1126/science.1247567.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311676" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/genetics/*immunology ; Antibody Affinity ; Antibody Formation ; Awards and Prizes ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Germinal Center/cytology/*immunology ; History, 21st Century ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology ; United States
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1434-5. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6165.1434-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/*genetics ; DNA/genetics ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/*surgery ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Humans ; Mice ; Microsurgery/*methods ; *RNA Editing ; RNA, Guide/genetics/metabolism ; Rats
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2013-11-23
    Description: Cyclophosphamide is one of several clinically important cancer drugs whose therapeutic efficacy is due in part to their ability to stimulate antitumor immune responses. Studying mouse models, we demonstrate that cyclophosphamide alters the composition of microbiota in the small intestine and induces the translocation of selected species of Gram-positive bacteria into secondary lymphoid organs. There, these bacteria stimulate the generation of a specific subset of "pathogenic" T helper 17 (pT(H)17) cells and memory T(H)1 immune responses. Tumor-bearing mice that were germ-free or that had been treated with antibiotics to kill Gram-positive bacteria showed a reduction in pT(H)17 responses, and their tumors were resistant to cyclophosphamide. Adoptive transfer of pT(H)17 cells partially restored the antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide. These results suggest that the gut microbiota help shape the anticancer immune response.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4048947/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4048947/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Viaud, Sophie -- Saccheri, Fabiana -- Mignot, Gregoire -- Yamazaki, Takahiro -- Daillere, Romain -- Hannani, Dalil -- Enot, David P -- Pfirschke, Christina -- Engblom, Camilla -- Pittet, Mikael J -- Schlitzer, Andreas -- Ginhoux, Florent -- Apetoh, Lionel -- Chachaty, Elisabeth -- Woerther, Paul-Louis -- Eberl, Gerard -- Berard, Marion -- Ecobichon, Chantal -- Clermont, Dominique -- Bizet, Chantal -- Gaboriau-Routhiau, Valerie -- Cerf-Bensussan, Nadine -- Opolon, Paule -- Yessaad, Nadia -- Vivier, Eric -- Ryffel, Bernhard -- Elson, Charles O -- Dore, Joel -- Kroemer, Guido -- Lepage, Patricia -- Boneca, Ivo Gomperts -- Ghiringhelli, Francois -- Zitvogel, Laurence -- P01 DK071176/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01DK071176/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA086355/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI084880/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 22;342(6161):971-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1240537.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U1015, Equipe labellisee Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24264990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Bacterial Translocation/*drug effects ; Cyclophosphamide/*therapeutic use ; Germ-Free Life ; Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects/physiology ; Immunologic Memory ; Immunosuppressive Agents/*therapeutic use ; Intestine, Small/*microbiology ; Lymphoid Tissue/immunology/microbiology ; Mice ; Microbiota/drug effects/*physiology ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*immunology ; Th17 Cells/immunology/transplantation
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2013-11-10
    Description: Environmental and hormonal signals cause reorganization of microtubule arrays in higher plants, but the mechanisms driving these transitions have remained elusive. The organization of these arrays is required to direct morphogenesis. We discovered that microtubule severing by the protein katanin plays a crucial and unexpected role in the reorientation of cortical arrays, as triggered by blue light. Imaging and genetic experiments revealed that phototropin photoreceptors stimulate katanin-mediated severing specifically at microtubule intersections, leading to the generation of new microtubules at these locations. We show how this activity serves as the basis for a mechanism that amplifies microtubules orthogonal to the initial array, thereby driving array reorientation. Our observations show how severing is used constructively to build a new microtubule array.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lindeboom, Jelmer J -- Nakamura, Masayoshi -- Hibbel, Anneke -- Shundyak, Kostya -- Gutierrez, Ryan -- Ketelaar, Tijs -- Emons, Anne Mie C -- Mulder, Bela M -- Kirik, Viktor -- Ehrhardt, David W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1245533. doi: 10.1126/science.1245533. Epub 2013 Nov 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24200811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Hypocotyl/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Light ; Microtubules/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; *Phototropism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: Quantum physics predicts that there is a fundamental maximum heat conductance across a single transport channel and that this thermal conductance quantum, G(Q), is universal, independent of the type of particles carrying the heat. Such universality, combined with the relationship between heat and information, signals a general limit on information transfer. We report on the quantitative measurement of the quantum-limited heat flow for Fermi particles across a single electronic channel, using noise thermometry. The demonstrated agreement with the predicted G(Q) establishes experimentally this basic building block of quantum thermal transport. The achieved accuracy of below 10% opens access to many experiments involving the quantum manipulation of heat.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jezouin, S -- Parmentier, F D -- Anthore, A -- Gennser, U -- Cavanna, A -- Jin, Y -- Pierre, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 1;342(6158):601-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1241912. Epub 2013 Oct 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS, Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, UPR20, route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24091707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2013-10-19
    Description: The chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, causes chytridiomycosis and is a major contributor to global amphibian declines. Although amphibians have robust immune defenses, clearance of this pathogen is impaired. Because inhibition of host immunity is a common survival strategy of pathogenic fungi, we hypothesized that B. dendrobatidis evades clearance by inhibiting immune functions. We found that B. dendrobatidis cells and supernatants impaired lymphocyte proliferation and induced apoptosis; however, fungal recognition and phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils was not impaired. Fungal inhibitory factors were resistant to heat, acid, and protease. Their production was absent in zoospores and reduced by nikkomycin Z, suggesting that they may be components of the cell wall. Evasion of host immunity may explain why this pathogen has devastated amphibian populations worldwide.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3956111/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3956111/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fites, J Scott -- Ramsey, Jeremy P -- Holden, Whitney M -- Collier, Sarah P -- Sutherland, Danica M -- Reinert, Laura K -- Gayek, A Sophia -- Dermody, Terence S -- Aune, Thomas M -- Oswald-Richter, Kyra -- Rollins-Smith, Louise A -- 1K01HL103179-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- AI007281/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI038296/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI044924/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K01 HL103179/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI038296/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI038296/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI044924/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 18;342(6156):366-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1243316.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24136969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminoglycosides/pharmacology ; Amphibians/*immunology/*microbiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis/immunology ; Cell Proliferation ; Chytridiomycota/*pathogenicity ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*immunology ; Lymphocytes/drug effects/*immunology/*microbiology ; Mycoses/immunology/*veterinary ; Spores, Fungal/pathogenicity ; Xenopus laevis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roll-Mecak, Antonina -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1180-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1248235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3700, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; *Phototropism
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: Specific learning disabilities (SLDs) are estimated to affect up to 10% of the population, and they co-occur far more often than would be expected, given their prevalences. We need to understand the complex etiology of SLDs and their co-occurrences in order to underpin the training of teachers, school psychologists, and clinicians, so that they can reliably recognize SLDs and optimize the learning contexts for individual learners.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butterworth, Brian -- Kovas, Yulia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):300-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1231022.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK. b.butterworth@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Attention Deficit Disorder with ; Hyperactivity/diagnosis/physiopathology/psychology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition Disorders/*diagnosis/epidemiology/*etiology/genetics ; Education, Medical/methods ; Education, Special/methods ; Faculty ; Humans ; Learning ; Learning Disorders/*diagnosis/epidemiology/*etiology/genetics ; Nerve Net/*abnormalities/growth & development ; Physicians ; Prevalence ; Psychology/education ; Teaching/*methods
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vafai, Scott B -- Mootha, Vamsi K -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1453-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1248449.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Leigh Disease/*drug therapy ; Mitochondrial Diseases/*drug therapy ; *Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Multiprotein Complexes/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Neuroprotective Agents/*therapeutic use ; Sirolimus/*therapeutic use ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mueller, Kristen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 11;339(6116):155. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6116.155.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23307731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology ; Humans ; *Immune System/physiology/physiopathology ; *Inflammation/immunology/physiopathology ; *Metabolic Syndrome X/physiopathology ; *Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-05-11
    Description: The possibility that market interaction may erode moral values is a long-standing, but controversial, hypothesis in the social sciences, ethics, and philosophy. To date, empirical evidence on decay of moral values through market interaction has been scarce. We present controlled experimental evidence on how market interaction changes how human subjects value harm and damage done to third parties. In the experiment, subjects decide between either saving the life of a mouse or receiving money. We compare individual decisions to those made in a bilateral and a multilateral market. In both markets, the willingness to kill the mouse is substantially higher than in individual decisions. Furthermore, in the multilateral market, prices for life deteriorate tremendously. In contrast, for morally neutral consumption choices, differences between institutions are small.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falk, Armin -- Szech, Nora -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 10;340(6133):707-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1231566.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. armin.falk@uni-bonn.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23661753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Commerce/*ethics ; Decision Making ; Humans ; Mice ; *Morals
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Irion, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):136-7. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6129.136.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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