ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: This book reviews the basic materials science and physics needed to understand the plastic deformation of rocks and minerals, and changes in microstructure that signal past deformation, a matter of fundamental interest in structural geology and geodynamics.This book sets out the basic materials science needed for understanding the plastic deformation of rocks and minerals. Although at atmospheric pressure or at relatively low environmental pressures, these materials tend to be brittle, that is, to fracture with little prior plastic deformation when non-hydrostatically stressed, they can undergo substantial permanent strain when stressed under environmental conditions of high confining pressure and high temperature, such as occur geologically in the Earth's crust and upper mantle. Thus the plastic deformation of rocks and minerals is of fundamental interest in structural geology and geodynamics. In mountain-building processes and during convective stirring in the Earth's mantle, rocks can undergo very large amounts of plastic flow, accompanied by substantial changes in microstructure. These changes in microstructure remain in the rocks as evidence of the past deformation history. There are a number of types of physical processes whereby rock and minerals can undergo deformation under geological conditions. The physics of these processes is set out in this book.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: PART I - LTSER Concepts, methods and linkages ; Socioeconomic Metabolism and the Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production: What Promise Do They Hold for LTSER? ; Using Integrated Models to Analyse Socio-ecological System Dynamics in Long-Term Socio-ecological Research - Austrian Experiences ; Modelling Transport as a Key Constraint to Urbanisation in Pre-industrial Societies ; The Environmental History of the Danube River Basin as an Issue of Long-Term Socio-ecological Research ; Critical Scales for Long-Term Socio-ecological Biodiversity Research ; Human Biohistory ; Geographic Approaches to LTSER: Principal Themes and Concepts with a Case Study of Andes-Amazon Watersheds ; The Contribution of Anthropology to Concepts Guiding LTSER Research ; PART II - LTSER Applications across ecosystems, time and space ; Viewing the Urban Socio-ecological System Through a Sustainability Lens: Lessons and Prospects from the Central Arizona-Phoenix LTER Programme ; A City and Its Hinterland: Vienna's Energy Metabolism 1800-2006 ; Sustaining Agricultural Systems in the Old and New Worlds: A Long-Term Socio-Ecological Comparison ; How Material and Energy Flows Change Socio-natural Arrangements: The Transformation of Agriculture in the Eisenwurzen Region, 1860-2000 ; The Intimacy of Human-Nature Interactions on Islands ; Global Socio-metabolic Transitions ; PART III - LTSER Formations and the transdisciplinary challenge ; Building an Urban LTSER: The Case of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study and the D.C./B.C. ULTRA-Ex Project ; Development of LTSER Platforms in LTER-Europe: Challenges and Experiences in Implementing Place-Based Long-Term Socio-ecological Research in Selected Regions ; Developing Socio-ecological Research in Finland: Challenges and Progress Towards a Thriving LTSER Network ; The Eisenwurzen LTSER Platform (Austria) - Implementation and Services ; Fostering Research into Coupled Long-Term Dynamics of Climate, Land Use, Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services in the Central French Alps ; Long-Term Socio-ecological Research in Mountain Regions: Perspectives from the Tyrolean Alps ; Integrated Monitoring and Sustainability Assessment in the Tyrolean Alps: Experiences in Transdisciplinarity

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: I Nachhaltigkeit und Zeit ; 1 Zugänge zur Nachhaltigkeitspolitik ; 2 Nachhaltigkeit - theoretische Konzeption und politische Praxis ; II Das Konzept der Bestände ; 3 Die Perspektive der Bestände ; 4 Materielle Bestände ; 5 Immaterielle Bestände und Institutionen ; 6 Die Beständigkeit von Institutionen ; 7 Urteilskraft ; 8 Zeit und die praktische Dimension des Bestandsbegriffs ; III Die Anwendung des Konzepts der Bestände ; 9 Institutionenwandel im Altlastenmanagement Sachsen-Anhalts ; 10 Nachhaltige Flächennutzung in Deutschland ; IV Die Kunst langfristig zu denken ; 11 Das Beständekonzept als Heuristik ; 12 Anwendungsbeispiel: Nachhaltige Binnenschifffahrtspolitik ; 13 Bestände als Schule des langfristigen Denkens

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part I Addressing Water Governance Challenges in the Anthropocene ; 1 Addressing Water Governance Challenges in the Anthropocene ; 2 A Starting Point: Understanding Governance, Good Governance and Water Governance ; 3 Adaptive Capacity, Adaptive Governance and Resilience ; 4 The Assessment of Adaptive Capacity ; 5 Applying a Multi-pronged Approach to Assessing Adaptive Capacity ; Part II The Case Areas in Chile and Switzerland ; 6 Introducing the Case Study Areas: Hydro-climatic and Governance Contexts ; 7 Water Governance in the Context of IWRM: Switzerland ; 8 Water Governance in the Context of IWRM: Chile ; 9 Converging Threats: Driving Pressures for Adaptive Capacity ; Part III Applying the Assessment ; 10 Governance in the Face of Uncertainty and Change ; 11 Bridges and Barriers to Adaptive Capacity ; 12 Operationalising Adaptive Capacity ; 13 Assessing Adaptive Capacity ; Part IV Challenges in Developing and Mobilising Adaptive Capacity ; 14 Balancing Structural Con fl icts Across Scales to Develop and Mobilise Adaptive Capacity ; 15 Coping with and Communicating Uncertainty ; 16 Addressing the Challenge of Institutional Infrastructure in a Technically Focussed World

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Wichtige Ergebnisse im Überblick ; A Grundinformationen zur Nachwuchsförderung ; B Berufsperspektiven und Karriereverlauf nach der Promotion ; C Informationsdefizite und Forschungsdesiderata

Description / Table of Contents: Significant advances in the scientific use of space based data were achieved in three joint interdisciplinary projects based on data of the satellite missions CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE within the R&D program GEOTECHNOLOGIEN. It was possible to explore and monitor changes related to the Earth's surface, the boundary layer between atmosphere and solid earth, and the oceans and ice shields. This boundary layer is our habitat and therefore is in the focus of our interests. The Earth's surface is subject to anthropogenetic changes, to changes driven by the Sun, Moon and planets, and by changes caused by processes in the Earth system. The state parameters and their changes are best monitored from space. The theme Observation of the System Earth from Space offers comprehensive insights into a broad range of research topics relevant to society including geodesy, oceanography, atmospheric science (from meteorology to climatology), hydrology and glaciology.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Section One: Introduction ; CHAPTER ONE: Why Do People Cooperate? ; CHAPTER TWO: Motivational Models ; Section Two: Empirical Findings ; CHAPTER THREE: Cooperation with Managerial Authorities in Work Settings ; CHAPTER FOUR: Cooperation with Legal Authorities in Local Communities ; CHAPTER FIVE: Cooperation with Political Authorities ; Section Three: Implications ; CHAPTER SIX: The Psychology of Cooperation ; CHAPTER SEVEN: Implications ; CHAPTER EIGHT: Self-regulation as a General Model ; Conclusion

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Preliminary statistics; 2. Direct, linear, and iterative-linear inverse methods; 3. Monte Carlo methods; 4. Simulated annealing methods; 5. Genetic algorithms; 6. Other global optimization methods; 7. Geophysical applications of SA and GA; 8. Uncertainty estimation

Description / Table of Contents: Contents:1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND KEY RECOMMENDATIONS ; PART I POLICY ANALYSIS ; 2. GENERAL ENERGY POLICY ; 3. ENERGY EFFICIENCY ; 4. CLIMATE CHANGE ; PART II SECTOR ANALYSIS ; 5. NATURAL GAS ; 6. OIL ; 7. COAL AND CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE ; 8. RENEWABLE ENERGY ; 9. ELECTRICITY ; 10. NUCLEAR ENERGY ; PART III ENERGY TECHNOLOGY ; 11. ENERGY RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT ; PART IV ANNEXES

Description / Table of Contents: Rund 70 Milliarden Euro werden in Deutschland jährlich für Forschung und Entwicklung ausgegeben. Dennoch gelingt es nicht immer, die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse in erfolgreiche Innovationen umzusetzen.Das Praxishandbuch Technologietransfer stellt neun innovative Methoden und Ansätze vor, die neue Impulse für den Erkenntnis- und Technologietransfer aus der wissenschaftlichen Forschung in die industrielle Anwendung geben. Ein Expertenteam aus verschiedenen Institutionen stellt die Methoden anschaulich vor, gibt Tipps für ihre praktische Anwendung und zeigt Wege zu ihrer Implementierung.Das Buch richtet sich an Mitarbeiter in Technologietransferstellen, Verantwortliche in wissenschaftlichen Instituten, bei Projektträgern und Förderinstitutionen, an Wissenschaftler, die selbst aktiv Transfer betreiben, und an Gatekeeper und Schnittstellenverantwortliche in Unternehmen.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part I , 1 Introduction , 2 Taxation and Development - Again , Part II , 3 Do Companies View Bribes as a Tax? Evidence on the Tradeoff between Corporate Taxes and Corruption in the Location of FDI , 4 Do Corruption and Taxation Affect Corporate Investment in Developing Countries? , 5 Investment Treaties and Hydrocarbon Taxation in Developing Countries , Part III , 6 The Effect of a Low Corporate Tax Rate on Payroll Tax Evasion , 7 International Profit Shifting and Multinational Firms in Developing Countries , 8 Too Low to Be True: The Use of Minimum Thresholds to Fight Tax Evasion , Part IV , 9 Fiscal Federalism and Foreign Transfers: DoesInterjurisdictional Competition Increase the Effectiveness of Foreign Aid? , 10 Taxation and Democracy in Developing Countries

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: State of the World:A Year in Review ; Beyond Sustainababble ; THE SUSTAINABILITY METRIC ; Respecting Planetary Boundaries and Reconnecting to the Biosphere ; Defining a Safe and Just Space for Humanity ; Getting to One-Planet Living ; Sustaining Freshwater and Its Dependents ; Sustainable Fisheries and Seas: Preventing Ecological Collapse ; Energy as Master Resource ; Renewable Energy's Natural Resource Impacts ; Conserving Nonrenewable Resources ; GETTING TO TRUE SUSTAINABILITY ; Re-engineering Cultures to Create a Sustainable Civilization ; Building a Sustainable and Desirable Economy-in-Society-in-Nature ; Transforming the Corporation into a Driver of Sustainability ; Corporate Reporting and Externalities ; Keep Them in the Ground: Ending the Fossil Fuel Era ; Beyond Fossil Fuels: Assessing Energy Alternatives ; Energy Efficiency in the Built Environment ; Agriculture: Growing Food-and Solutions ; Protecting the Sanctity of Native Foods ; Valuing Indigenous Peoples ; Crafting a New Narrative to Support Sustainability ; Moving Toward a Global Moral Consensus on Environmental Action ; Pathways to Sustainability: Building Political Strategies ; Moving from Individual Change to Societal Change ; OPEN IN CASE OF EMERGENCY ; Teaching for Turbulence ; Effective Crisis Governance ; Governance in the Long Emergency ; Building an Enduring Environmental Movement ; Resistance: Do the Ends Justify the Means? ; The Promises and Perils of Geoengineering ; Cuba: Lessons from a Forced Decline ; Climate Change and Displacements ; Cultivating Resilience in a Dangerous World ; Shaping Community Responses to Catastrophe ; Is It Too Late?

Description / Table of Contents: In the face of the global financial and economic crisis, Germany has addressed many urgent social, political and economical challenges of our times. Bold projects and ideas like the "Energiewende", waste cycle management, concepts for growth in saturated markets, and demographic change have been put on the agenda. Both German and international experts share their insights into the future laboratory Germany and outline the emerging cornerstones of a green economy which may soon turn out to be yet another export hit. This volume is published in honor of Klaus Töpfer's 75th birthday. He is a vocal advocate and leading pioneer of feasible and prudent future scenarios. Lutz Engelke is Chief Executive Officer of TRIAD Berlin and honorary professor for Design at the FH Potsdam. Günther Bachmann is General Secretary of the German Council for Sustainable Development.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: I Bioenergie und die Energiewende ; II Nachhaltigkeit durch Bioenergie, aber wie? ; III Wie Energiepflanzen die Landwirtschaft verändern können ; IV Bioenergie und die Landschaft der Zukunft ; V Inseln mit Grüner Energie: Bioenergie für dezentrale Lösungen ; VI Bioenergie und Ökolandbau ; VII Wald und Feld im Klimawandel ; Plus: Fünf Köpfe aus der Politik zu Bioenergie und Energiewende

Description / Table of Contents: Table of Contents: Abstract. - Zusammenfassung. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Thermo-erosion along the Yedoma Coast of the Buor Khaya Peninsula, Laptev Sea, East Siberia. - 3 Short- and long-term thermo-erosion of ice-rich permafrost coasts in the Laptev Sea region. - 4 Observing Muostakh Island disappear: erosion of a ground-ice-rich coast in response to summer warming and sea ice reduction on the East Siberian shelf. - 5 Synthesis. - Bibliography. - Acknowledgements

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1 Introduction.- 2 Time.- 3 Space-Time.- 4 Barycentric Dynamical Reference System.- 5 Classical Astronomical Coordinates.- 6 Astrometry.- 7 Celestial Reference System.- 8 Terrestrial Reference System.- 9 From the GCRS to the ITRS.- 10 Astronomical Software - Yearbooks.- 11 Astronomical constants.- References.- List of acronyms.-

Description / Table of Contents: The high accuracy of modern astronomical spatial-temporal reference systems has made them considerably complex. This book offers a comprehensive overview of such systems. It begins with a discussion of the Problem of Time, including recent developments in the art of clock making (e.g., optical clocks) and various time scales. The authors address the definitions and realization of spatial coordinates by reference to remote celestial objects such as quasars. After an extensive treatment of classical equinox-based coordinates, new paradigms for setting up a celestial reference system are introduced that no longer refer to the translational and rotational motion of the Earth. The role of relativity in the definition and realization of such systems is clarified.The topics presented in this book are complemented by exercises (with solutions). The authors offer a series of files, written in Maple, a standard computer algebra system, to help readers get a feel for the various models and orders of magnitude.Beyond astrometry, the main fields of application of high-precision astronomical spatial-temporal reference systems and frames are navigation (GPS, interplanetary spacecraft navigation) and global geodynamics, which provide a high-precision Celestial Reference System and its link to any terrestrial spatial-temporal reference system. Mankind's urgent environmental questions can only be answered in the context of appropriate reference systems in which both aspects, space and time, are realized with a sufficiently high level of accuracy. This book addresses all those interested in high-precision reference systems and the various techniques (GPS, Very Long Baseline Interferometry, Satellite Laser Ranging, Lunar Laser Ranging) necessary for their realization, including the production and dissemination of time signals.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Vorwort ; Die Eiche - von der Charakterbaumart zum unkalkulierbaren Risiko? ; Perspektiven der Eiche in Brandenburg ; Eichensaatgut von heute für die Wälder von morgen ; Sterben vor der Zeit - neue Erkenntnisse zur Komplexkrankheit der Eiche ; Eichenprozessionsspinner und Frühjahrsfraßgemeinschaft - Gefährdungspotenzial und Risikomanagement ; Neue waldkundliche Erkenntnisse zur Trauben-Eiche im nordostdeutschen Tiefland und Schlussfolgerungen für die forstliche Praxis ; Ist Eichenwirtschaft im nordostdeutschen Tiefland zukunftsfähig? Erfahrungen und aktuelle waldbauliche Ziele ; Verwertung von Eichenholz - alte Probleme, neue Lösungen ; Zum Einfluss der Strukturvielfalt auf das Arteninventar der Trauben-Eichen am Beispiel der Coleopteren

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction -- The Global Picture -- Sub-Saharan Africa: Food Production at Risk -- South East Asia: Coastal Zones and Productivity at Risk -- South Asia: Extremes of Water Scarcity and Excess -- 6 Global Projections of Sectoral and Inter-sectoral Impacts and Risks -- Appendixes

Description / Table of Contents: Soderžanie: Ot prostogo k složnomy ne iskažaja real'nosti / V. P. Mel'nikov, V. N. Koniščev, V. E. Romanovskij, D. S. Drozbov, V. N. Kubejarov. - Otklik global'nych klimatičeskich izmenenij prošlogo v prirodnych ob''ektach kriolitozony / I. D. Streleckaja. - Torfjanye krugi kriolitozony / O. A. Ogneva, K. V. Matyšak. - Ch meždunarodnaja konferencija po merzlotovedeniju / R. Ju. Fedorov. - Kak v severnoj tajge zapadnoj sibiri menjalsja klimat, i k čemu eto privelo / N. G. Moskalenko, O. E. Ponomareva, E. V. Ustinova, A. G. Gravis, N. M. Berdnikov. - Novaja arktičeskaja naučno-issledovatel'skaja stancija "Ostrov Samojlovskij" v del'te Leny: prirodnye uslovija, perspektivy meždunarodnych i mul'tidisciplinarnych rabot v regione / M. N. Grigor'ev. - O lednikach altaja, gde sneg nikogda ne taet; o gornom chrebte kodare, tekuščej s nego reke čare, i o tom, kak studenty praktiku vosprinimajut / V. S. Šejnktan. - Novoe primenenie diatomitov / V. P. Mel'nikov, K. S. Ivanov. - V poiskach tradicionnych i al'ternativnych istočnikov ±energii zapadnoj sibiri / A. R. Kurčikov. - Ispol'zovanie teplovizora pri geokriologičeskich issledovanijach / D. O. Sergeev, Ju. V. Stanilovskaja, K. V. Savel'ev. - Bez počvy žit' nel'zja na svete, net! / V. N. Kudejarov. - Buket ot Mamonta / S. V. Gubin, S. G. Jasina. - Pis'ma iz prošlogo (k 140-letiju M. I. Sumgina - osnovopoložnika otečestvennogo merzlotovedenija) / I. V. Klimovskij. - Vot tak vse i načinalos' (vospominanie kadrovika o zaroždenii Tjumenskogo naučnogo centra) / V. Ja. Kolesova.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Emerging professions and expertise ; Market strategies and structures ; Operational, organizational, and cultural change ; Perceptions, frames, and narratives ; Perspectives on the future

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1 Post-Globalization: Complexity in the Governance of a NetworkedGlobal Socicty ; 2 Opening the Doors of Complexity ; 3 Economic Incentives and the Replication of Social Complexity ; 4 Coevolution versus Liberal Internationalism ; 5 Promises and Pitfalls of New Institutional Economics ; 6 Dancing Landscapes: How Interdependency Shapes theOptimization Challcnge of Globalization ; 7 Accelerators of "Stateness": System Structure and Network Behavior in the Making of the Modern State ; 8 Democracy's Hybrid Architecture ; 9 Achieving State Capacity: Parallel Political Modernization in China and Europe ; 10 Does China Challenge the Global Legitimacy of Liberalism? ; 11 No Captain at the Helm

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Einführung ; Benötigtes Instrumentarium in Kurzform ; Teil 1: Spielen - entscheiden - planen: Ein Warm-up zur Modellierung ; Spieltheorie ; Gruppenentscheidungen ; Zeitpläne ; Wiener-Prozesse ; Teil 2: Verkehr auf Highways und Datenhighways: Einmal durch die Simulationspipeline ; Makroskopische Simulation von Straßenverkehr ; Mikroskopische Simulation von Straßenverkehr ; Stochastische Verkehrssimulation ; Teil 3: Dynamische Systeme: Ursache, Wirkung und Wechselwirkung ; Populationsdynamik ; Regelung ; Chaostheorie ; Teil 4: Physik im Rechner: Aufbruch zum Zahlenfressen ; Molekulardynamik ; Wärmeleitung ; Strömungsmechanik ; Globale Beleuchtung in der Computergraphik

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Die Erde im Globalen Wandel ; Globaler Wandel aus dem All ; Belastungsgrenzen der Erde -Leitplanken für die Menschheit ; Globaler Wandel der Biodiversität ; Spuren des Klimawandels: Von den großen Ozeanen zu den kleinen Gletschern im Hochgebirge ; Der Klimawandel und seine Folgen für das Erdsystem ; Herausforderungen des Globalen Wandels ; Die Kommunikation von Risiken in einer Welt im globalen Wandel ; Die europäische Zahlungsbilanzkrise ; Weltemährung im Globalen Wandel ; Ursachen, Folgen und Möglichkeiten zur Bekämpfung der Weltseuche Nährstoffmangel -Hidden Hunger ; Prävention von Zoonosen ; Sicherung gesunder tierischer Nahrungsmittel ; Lösungswege von Problemen des Globalen Wandels ; Dilemma zwischen Energie-und Nahrungspflanzen? ; Perspektiven der Roten Gentechnik ; Globale Energiewende Wege zu einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung ; Solarthermische Kraftwerke in Europa, dem Nahen Osten und Nordafrika: Ausschöpfung des Potenzials ; Dekarbonisierung im Baustoffsektor ; Politische und gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen und Lösungswege von Problemen des Globalen Wandels ; Herausforderungen globaler gesellschaftlicher Veränderungen ; Gesundheitspolitische Maßnahmen angesichts der Last chronischer Krankheiten ; Instrumente zur Vermittlung von Wertewandel und Verhaltensänderungen im nachhaltigen Umgang mit den Ressourcen der Erde

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Partizipation und Klimawandel - Zur Einleitung ; Normative Ansprüche und Anwendung von Partizipation ; Herausforderungen für eine integrative Perspektive in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Klimafolgenforschung ; Klimaanpassungspolitiken in Deutschland - Welche Rolle spielt Gerechtigkeit? ; Demokratische Planung der Klimaanpassung? Über die Fallstricke partizipativer Verfahren im expertokratischen Staat ; Aufklärung und/oder Partizipation - Diskussionspapier ; Anpassung an die Folgen des Klimawandels durch Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung bei Verwaltungsverfahren? ; Partizipation von Praxispartnern: Wer repräsentiert die Landwirtschaft in INKA BB? ; Konzeptionelle Überlegungen zum Begriff "Betroffenheit" in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Partizipationsforschung - Diskussionspapier ; Etablierte Partizipationslandschaften. Hemmnis für Innovationen zur nachhaltigen regionalen Entwicklung und zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel? ; Vielfalt und Methode - Über den Umgang mit spannungsreichen Anforderungen beim Formulieren eines Klimaanpassungsprogramms am Beispiel von REGKLAM ; Partizipative Methoden und Instrumente ; Partizipative Planungs- und Entscheidungsprozesse zur Entwicklung von Klimaanpassungsstrategien in INKA BB ; Partizipation in Regionalen Integrierten Vulnerabilitätsassessments. Ein kritischer Vergleich von 14 Fallbeispielen im Bereich Klimawandel ; Chancen und Grenzen visualisierender Partizipations-Tools ; Zur Rolle der Forschenden beim Praktizieren von Partizipation - Diskussionspapier ; Synthese ; Partizipation und Klimawandel - ein Resümee

Description / Table of Contents: The Arctic is subject to growing economic and political interest. Meanwhile, its water and climate systems are in rapid transformation. Relevant and accessible information about water and climate is therefore vital to detect, understand and adapt to the changes. This thesis investigates hydrological monitoring systems, climate model data, and our understanding of hydro-climatic change, for adaptation to water system changes in the Arctic. Results indicate a lack of harmonized water chemistry data, which may impede efforts to understand transport and origin of key waterborne constituents. Further development of monitoring cannot rely only on a reconciliation of observations and projections on where climate change will be the most severe, as they diverge in this regard. Climate model simulations of drainage basin temperature and precipitation have improved between two recent model generations, but large inaccuracies remain for precipitation projections. Late 20th-century discharge changes in major Arctic rivers generally show excess of water relative to precipitation changes. This indicates a possible contribution of stored water from permafrost or groundwater to sea level rise. The river contribution to the increasing Arctic Ocean freshwater inflow matches that of glaciers, which underlines the importance of considering all sources when assessing change. To provide adequate information for research and policy, Arctic hydrological and hydrochemical monitoring needs to be extended, better integrated and made more accessible. This especially applies to hydrochemistry monitoring, where a more complete set of monitored basins is motivated, including a general extension for the large unmonitored areas close to the Arctic Ocean. Improvements in climate model parameterizations are needed, in particular for precipitation projections. Finally, further water-focused data and modeling efforts are required to resolve the source of excess discharge in Arctic rivers.

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides an approachable and concise introduction to seismic theory, designed as a first course for undergraduate students. It clearly explains the fundamental concepts, emphasizing intuitive understanding over lengthy derivations. Incorporating over 30% new material, this second edition includes all the topics needed for a one-semester course in seismology. Additional material has been added throughout including numerical methods, 3-D ray tracing, earthquake location, attenuation, normal modes, and receiver functions. The chapter on earthquakes and source theory has been extensively revised and enlarged, and now includes details on non-double-couple sources, earthquake scaling, radiated energy, and finite slip inversions. Each chapter includes worked problems and detailed exercises that give students the opportunity to apply the techniques they have learned to compute results of interest and to illustrate the Earth's seismic properties. Computer subroutines and datasets for use in the exercises are available at www.cambridge.org/shearer.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction: The four musketeers ; 1 A wealth of indicators ; 2 Measuring sustainability ; 3 A price for everything? ; 4 Equivalent income, or how to value what has no price ; 5 Is happiness all that matters? ; 6 Empowering capabilities ; Conclusion: How to converge on a multiplicity

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; 1. What are exponential random graph models ; 2. The formation of social network structure ; 3. A simplified account of ERGM as a statistical model ; 4. An example of ERGM analysis ; 5. Exponential random graph model fundamentals ; 6. Dependence graphs and sufficient statistics ; 7. Social selection, dyadic covariates and geospatial effects ; 8. Autologistic actor attribute models ; 9. ERGM extensions: models for multiple networks and bipartite networks ; 10. Longitudinal models ; 11. Simulation, estimation and goodness of fit ; 12. Illustrations: simulation, estimation and goodness of fit ; 13. Personal attitudes, perceived attitudes and social structures: a social selection model ; 14. How to close a hole: exploring alternative closure mechanisms in inter-organizational network ; 15. Interdependencies between working relations: multivariate ERGMs for advice and satisfaction ; 16. Brain, brawn or optimism? The structure and correlates of emergent military leadership ; 17. An ALAAM analysis of unemployment: the dual importance of who you know and where you live ; 18. Longitudinal changes in face-to-face and text message-mediated friendship networks ; 19. The differential impact of directors' social and financial capital on corporate interlock formation ; 20. Comparing networks: a structural correspondence between behavioural and recall networks ; 21. Modelling social networks: next steps

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Prolog ; EINLEITUNG - Im Homogenozän ; 1 Zwei Monumente ; TEIL EINS - Atlantikreisen ; 2. Die Tabakküste ; 3. Schlechte Luft ; TEIL ZWEI - Pazifikreisen ; 4. Schiffe voller Geld (Seide für Silber, Teil eins) ; 5. Liebeskrank-Gras, fremde Knollen und Jadereis (Seide für Silber,Teil zwei) ; TEIL DREI - Europa in der Welt ; 6. Der agroindustrielle Komplex ; 7. Schwarzes Gold ; TEIL VIER - Afrika in der Welt ; 8. Verrückte Suppe ; 9. Wald der Entlaufenen SCHLUSS - Lebensströme ; 10. In Bulalacao ; Anhang

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Einführung in den Band ; Reflexive Ungewissheit in der Literaturrezeption ; Zur Rolle von Risiko, Ungewissheit und Nichtwissen in der Bioethik ; "Uncertainty" - Das ungewisse Risiko der Hybriden ; Ungewissheit und Unsicherheit bei der Einführung neuer Technologien ; Die Tragweite der physikalischen Kosmologie ; Unwissenschaftlich weil unsicher? Unsicher weil wissenschaftlich! ; Ungewissheit im Bauingenieurwesen - Spezifikation, Modellierung und Berechnung ; Skizzierung fachspezifischer Unsicherheiten im Bauwesen als Entwicklungsansatz zur Steigerung der Zeiteffizienz in der baubetrieblichen Terminplanung ; Modellierung von Unsicherheit in der Produktentwicklung ; Mathematische Modelle für Ungewissheit ; Handlungsfähigkeit mit Ungewissheit - Neue Herausforderungen und Ansätze für den Umgang mit Ungewissheit ; Innovationsentscheidungen und Innovationspfade ; Der Umgang mit Ungewissheit in der Politik ziviler Sicherheit ; Der Umgang des Strafrechts mit Ungewissheit/Unsicherheit

Description / Table of Contents: Climate is changing, forced out of the range of the past million years by levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not seen in the Earth's atmosphere for a very, very long time. Lacking action by the world's nations, it is clear that the planet will be warmer, sea level will rise, and patterns of rainfall will change. But the future is also partly uncertain -- there is considerable uncertainty about how we will arrive at that different climate. Will the changes be gradual, allowing natural systems and societal infrastructure to adjust in a timely fashion? Or will some of the changes be more abrupt, crossing some threshold or "tipping point" to change so fast that the time between when a problem is recognized and when action is required shrinks to the point where orderly adaptation is not possible? "Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change" is an updated look at the issue of abrupt climate change and its potential impacts. This study differs from previous treatments of abrupt changes by focusing on abrupt climate changes and also abrupt climate impacts that have the potential to severely affect the physical climate system, natural systems, or human systems, often affecting multiple interconnected areas of concern. The primary timescale of concern is years to decades. A key characteristic of these changes is that they can come faster than expected, planned, or budgeted for, forcing more reactive, rather than proactive, modes of behavior. "Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change" summarizes the state of our knowledge about potential abrupt changes and abrupt climate impacts and categorizes changes that are already occurring, have a high probability of occurrence, or are unlikely to occur. Because of the substantial risks to society and nature posed by abrupt changes, this report recommends the development of an Abrupt Change Early Warning System that would allow for the prediction and possible mitigation of such changes before their societal impacts are severe. Identifying key vulnerabilities can help guide efforts to increase resiliency and avoid large damages from abrupt change in the climate system, or in abrupt impacts of gradual changes in the climate system, and facilitate more informed decisions on the proper balance between mitigation and adaptation. Although there is still much to learn about abrupt climate change and abrupt climate impacts, to willfully ignore the threat of abrupt change could lead to more costs, loss of life, suffering, and environmental degradation. "Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change" makes the case that the time is here to be serious about the threat of tipping points so as to better anticipate and prepare ourselves for the inevitable surprises.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction; Theory and method; EU climate policy: from pieces to package; The 'revolutionary' development of EU emissions trading: the triumph of 'tortoise' entrepreneurship?; EU renewable energy policy: David beating Goliath?; Carbon capture and storage (CCS): carpe diem entrepreneurship?; EU energy policy for buildings: a result of failed entrepreneurship?; Comparisons and conclusions

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of geochemistry. The book first lays out the 'geochemical toolbox': the basic principles and techniques of modern geochemistry, beginning with a review of thermodynamics and kinetics as they apply to the Earth and its environs. These basic concepts are then applied to understanding processes in aqueous systems and the behavior of trace elements in magmatic systems. Subsequent chapters introduce radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry and illustrate their application to such diverse topics as determining geologic time, ancient climates, and the diets of prehistoric peoples. The focus then broadens to the formation of the solar system, the Earth, and the elements themselves. Then the composition of the Earth itself becomes the topic, examining the composition of the core, the mantle, and the crust and exploring how this structure originated. A final chapter covers organic chemistry, including the origin of fossil fuels and the carbon cycle's role in controlling Earth's climate, both in the geologic past and the rapidly changing present.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Council Staff . - Acknowledgments. - Boxes. - Tables. - Figures. - Acronyms and Abbreviations. - Summary. - Introduction. - 1 The Oceans in the Anthropocene. - 1.1 Use of the oceans. - 1.1.1 The legendary sea and its cultural meanings. - 1.1.2 Food from the sea. - 1.1.3 Ocean shipping and maritime trade. - 1.1.4 The sea as a dump for waste and waste water. - 1.1.5 Energy from the sea. - 1.1.6 Marine mining and resource extraction. - 1.1.7 The economic value of marine ecosystems. - 1.2 Threats to the oceans. - 1.2.1 Physical destruction of ecosystems. - 1.2.2 Overfishing. - 1.2.3 Impacts of marine pollution. - 1.2.3.1 Results of chemical pollution. - 1.2.3.2 Results of plastic pollution. - 1.2.3.3 Radioactive contamination. - 1.2.4 Warming. - 1.2.5 CO2 input and acidification. - 1.2.6 Low-oxygen zones. - 1.2.7 Sea-level rise. - 1.2.8 Aggregated effects. - 1.3 Possible new uses. - 1.3.1 Renewable energy. - 1.3.2 Raw materials. - 1.3.3 Marine genetic resources. - 1.3.4 New developments in marine aquaculture. - 1.4 Shaping the future of the marine ecosystem. - 1.4.1 Primary principles and values. - 1.4.2 Guiding principle for human interaction with the oceans. - 1.4.2.1 Think systemically: Regard and maintain the sea as an ecosystem and aspart of the Earth system. - 1.4.2.2 Act in a precautionary way: Take uncertainty and ignorance into account. - 1.4.2.3 Cooperate: overcoming the tragedy of the commons. - 1.4.3 Exemplary specification of the guiding principle for the sustainable stewardship of the marine ecosystem. - 2 Global Society and Social Contract. - 2.1 Global society and world's oceans. - 2.1.1 The global society in the Anthropocene. - 2.1.2 The emerging global society and global society theory. - 2.1.3 The cosmopolitan challenge. - 2.1.4 Global appreciation of the oceans. - 2.2 A social contract for the seas. - 2.2.1 A social contract as a basis for the Great Transformation. - 2.2.2 Reform of ocean governance. - 3 Governance of Human Ocean Use. - 3.1 Specifics of the seas. - 3.1.1 Oceans as part of the Earth system. - 3.1.2 Demands on marine policy caused by knowledge gaps. - 3.1.3 Oceans as a global public and common good. - 3.1.4 Touchstones for assessing the existing governanceof the oceans. - 3.1.5 Common heritage of mankind. - 3.2 Ocean governance in international law: UNCLOS. - 3.2.1 Zoning of the oceans by UNCLOS. - 3.2.1.1 Territorial sea. - 3.2.1.2 Contiguous zone. - 3.2.1.3 Exclusive economic zone. - 3.2.1.4 Continental shelf. - 3.2.1.5 High seas. - 3.2.1.6 The Area. - 3.2.2 Regulations of UNCLOS on the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans. - 3.2.3 Institutions of UNCLOS. - 3.2.3.1 International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. - 3.2.3.2 International Seabed Authority and the seabed regime. - 3.2.4 Assessment of UNCLOS. - 3.2.4.1 Systemic perspective. - 3.2.4.2 Precautionary principle. - 3.2.4.3 Adaptive management. - 3.2.4.4 Incentives for innovation. - 3.2.4.5 Assignment of rights of use. - 3.2.4.6 Cooperation. - 3.2.4.7 Subsidiary decision-making structures. - 3.2.4.8 Transparent information. - 3.2.4.9 Participative decision-making structures. - 3.2.4.10 Fair distribution mechanisms. - 3.2.4.11 Conflict-resolution mechanisms. - 3.2.4.12 Enforcement mechanisms. - 3.2.5 Core problems and challenges of future ocean governance. - 3.3 Global ocean governance: UN institutions and activities. - 3.3.1 Actors: UN bodies and specialized organizations. - 3.3.1.1 UN General Assembly and UNSecretary-General. - 23.3.1.2 Rio Process. - 3.3.1.3 International Maritime Organization. - 3.3.1.4 UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanic Commission. - 3.3.1.5 UN Environmental Programme (UNEP). - 3.3.1.6 UN-Oceans. - 3.3.1.7 Global Environment Facility (GEF). - 3.3.1.8 World Bank Group. - 3.3.2 UN conventions relating to the oceans. - 3.3.2.1 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). - 3.3.2.2 Negotiations on a new implementing agreement on marine biodiversityon the high seas. - 3.3.2.3 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). - 3.3.2.4 UNESCO World Heritage Convention and World Heritage Marine Programme. - 3.3.2.5 MARPOL and SOLAS. - 3.3.2.6 London Convention and London Protocol. - 3.4 Regional ocean governance. - 3.4.1 UNEP Regional Seas Programme. - 3.4.2 Regional seas agreements. - 3.4.2.1 Task areas. - 3.4.2.2 Institutionalization: governance mechanisms and capacity. - 3.4.2.3 Cooperation, coordination, coherence and complementarity. - 3.4.3 EU marine policy. - 3.5 Private ocean governance. - 3.5.1 Options and limitations. - 3.5.2 Example: eco-labels and sustainability labels. - 3.6 Selected instruments. - 3.6.1 Environmental monitoring. - 3.6.2 Marine protected areas and marine spatial planning. - 3.6.2.1 Marine protected areas. - 3.6.2.2 Marine spatial planning. - 3.6.3 Integrated coastal-zone management.. - 3.6.4 Environmental standards. - 3.6.5 Environmental liability. - 3.6.6 Sanctions. - 3.6.7 Class actions. - 3.6.8 International financial transfers. - 3.7 Conclusions. - 4 Food from the Sea. - 4.1 Marine fishery. - 4.1.1 Status and trends of fisheries. - 4.1.2 Importance and effects of fisheries. - 4.1.2.1 Food and food security. - 4.1.2.2 Socioeconomic significance and effects. - 4.1.2.3 Ecological significance and effects. - 4.1.2.4 Small-scale marine fisheries in the global context. - 4.1.3 Sustainable fisheries management: methods and instruments. - 4.1.3.1 Ecosystem approach and precautionary principle as the basis for sustainable fishing. - 4.1.3.2 Knowledge-based fisheries management. - 4.1.3.3 Instruments for the sustainable management of fish-stocks. - 4.1.3.4 Minimizing the ecological risks and side effects of fisheries. - 4.1.3.5 Monitoring and enforcement. - 4.1.3.6 Costs and financing the transition towards sustainable fisheries. - 4.1.4 International fisheries governance: institutions and focal points. - 4.1.4.1 Political objectives. - 4.1.4.2 The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. - 4.1.4.3 The FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. - 4.1.4.4 Fisheries governance on the high seas: the UN Fish Stocks Agreement and regional fisheries management organizations. - 4.1.4.5 Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. - 4.1.4.6 The external dimension of the EU Common Fisheries Policy. - 4.1.4.7 Subsidies in the fishing industry. - 4.1.4.8 International trade and trade policy. - 4.2 Aquaculture. - 4.2.1 Definitions and principles. - 4.2.2 State of aquaculture and trends. - 4.2.2.1 Growth and regional overview. - 4.2.2.2 Contribution to food security and poverty reduction. - 4.2.2.3 Environmental risks from aquaculture and conflicts over use at the coasts. - 4.2.2.4 Promoting ecologically sustainable aquaculture. - 4.2.3 Governance of aquaculture. - 4.2.3.1 Fundamental prerequisites for a sustainable form of aquaculture. - 4.2.3.2 Selected instruments for promoting sustainable aquaculture. - 4.2.3.3 Research and development for sustainable aquaculture. - 4.2.4 International and regional governance in aquaculture. - 4.2.4.1 International level. - 4.2.4.2 European Union. - 4.2.4.3 Regional seas agreements. - 4.3 Interactions between fisheries and aquaculture. - 4.3.1 Forage fisheries and breeding from wild-caught fish. - 4.3.2 Competition between uses. - 4.3.3 Reducing the proportion of fishmeal and fish oil used in aquaculture feeds. - 4.4 Systemic effects: land/sea interactions and feedbackloops with the Earth system. - 4.4.1 Climate change. - 4.4.2 Acidification. - 4.4.3 Low-oxygen zones and eutrophication. - 4.4.4 Anthropogenic pollution. - 4.4.5 Synergistic effects. - 4.5 Conclusions. - 5 Energy from the sea. - 5.1 Fossil energy carriers from the sea. - 5.1.1 Resource availability of fossil energy carriers. - 5.1.2 Technologies of offshore extraction. - 5.1.3 Environmental impact of fossil energy use. - 5.1.4 Infrastructure. - 5.1.4.1 Mineral oil. - 5.1.4.2 Natural gas. - 5.1.4.3 Carbon dioxide. - 5.1.5 Costs. - 5.1.6 Prospects of fossil-fuel extraction in the oceans. - 5.1.7 Conclusions. - 5.2 Renewable energy. - 5.2.1 Technological possibilities of offshore wind energy and marine energies. - 5.2.1.1 Development status of offshore wind energy. - 5.2.1.2 Development status of marine-energy technologies. - 5.2.2 Global potential of sea-based renewable power generation. - 5.2.2.1 Offshore wind energy. - 5.2.2.2 Marine energies. - 5.2.3 Environmental impact of marine renewable-energy generation. - 5.2.4 Infrastructure. - 5.2.4.1 Offshore logistics for renewable energy. - 5.2.4.2 Offshore storage technologies. - 5.2.5 Costs. - 5.2.5.1 Offshore wind energy. - 5.2.5.2 Marine energies. - 5.3 Vision of a future marine energy system. - 5.3.1 The status quo of marine energy generation. - 5.3.2 A future renewable marine energy system. - 5.3.3 Transformation of the marine energy system - from the status quo to the futureenergy system. - 5.4 Governance. - 5.4.1 Energy policy. - 5.4.2 Marine policy. - 5.4.2.1 Marine spatial planning. - 5.4.2.2 Construction of installations in the sea. - 5.4.2.3 Regulation of oil and gas production. - 5.4.2.4 Regulations on the storage of CO2 in the sea or the seabed. - 5.4.3 Promotion of innovation. - 5.4.3.1 Promotion of systemic innovation. - 5.4.3.2 Technology development. - 5.4.3.3 Innovation potential. - 5.4.3.4 Measures. - 5.5 Conclusions. - 6 Synthesis: The Blue Revolution. - 6.1 The oceans as the common heritage of mankind. - 6.2 Expansion into the oceans. - 6.3 A new initiative for the conservation and sustainable use of the seas. - 6.4 Elements of a new marine policy. - 7 Recommendations for Action. - 7.1 Guiding principles for future ocean governance. - 7.1.1 The oceans as the 'common heritage of mankind'. - 7.1.2 The systemic approach. - 7.1.3 The precautionary principle. - 7.1.4 Ten criteria for a future system of ocean governance. - 7.1.5 Implementation and enforcement. - 7.1.6 A social contract for the seas. - 7.2 The WBGU's vision of a comprehensive reform of the international law of the sea. - 7.2.1 The common heritage of mankind, the systemic approach and the precautionaryprinciple: three guiding principles for ocean management. - 7.2.2 Institutional changes. - 7.2.2.1 A global steward of the seas: the World Oceans Organization. - 7.2.2.2 Regional stewards of the seas: Regional Marine Management Organizations. - 7.2.2.3 Extend the jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. - 7.2.3 Rights and duties of states parties on the high seas and in EEZs. - 7.2.3.1 Conservation and sustainable use of the high seas. - 7.2.3.2 Conservation and sustainable use of the Exclusive Economic Zones. - 7.2.4 Instruments. - 7.3 Recommendations for action: the road to a comprehensivereform of the law of the sea. - 7.3.1 Strengthen the knowledge and action base of ocean governance. - 7.3.1.1 Improve marine environmental monitoring. - 7.3.1.2 Process scientific knowledge for policy-makers and support the Regular Process. - 7.3.1.3 Set up a multi-stakeholder forum. - 7.3.2 Create the necessary conditions for sustainable management. - 7.3.3 Develop strategies for future ocean governance. - 7.3.3.1 Develop the Oceans Compact into an Integrated World Oceans Strategy. - 7.3.3.2 Ratify regional, national and local marine strategies. - 7.3.3.3 Take on a pioneering role - forge subglobal alliances. - 7.3.4 Support and flesh out the international law of the sea. - 7.3.4.1 Promote the signing, ratification and implementation of UNCLOS. - 7.3.4.2 Reach a new implementing agreement on biological diversity on the high seas. - 7.3.4.3 Advance the UN Fish Stocks Agreement and Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs). - 7.3.5 Strengthen regional ocean governance. - 7.3.5.1 Strengthen and expand the UNEP Regional Seas Programme. - 7.3.5.2 Strengthen regional seas agreements. - 7.3.5.3 Improve dovetailing in regional ocean governance. - 7.3.6 Develop concepts for the joint funding of ocean governance. - 7.3.6.1 Strengthen international financing mechanisms. - 7.3.6.2 Use the mechanisms of the Framework Convention on Climate Change for funding. - 7.3.6.3 Utilize user charges as a source of funding. - 7.3.7 Employ incentive instruments and funding structures. - 7.3.7.1 Create economic incentives for sustainable uses. - 7.3.7.2 Develop funding structures for long-term-oriented investments. - 7.3.8 Strengthen and expand private governance. - 7.3.8.1 Introduce a standardized Europe-wide system of certification for wild-caught fish and seafood. - 7.3.8.2 Improve legal certainty on the WTO-conformity of sustainability standards. - 7.3.9 Considerably expand marine protected areas and spatial planning. - 7.3.9.1 Expand marine protected areas. - 7.3.9.2 Expand cross-border marine spatial planning. - 7.3.10 Promote the harmonization of existing liability regimes. - 7.4 Food from the sea. - 7.4.1 Recommendations for action on marine fisheries. - 7.4.1.1 Overall recommendations for a change of course in fisheries. - 7.4.1.2 Improve the preconditions for knowledge-based fishery. - 7.4.1.3 Reduce subsidies. - 7.4.1.4 Stop wastefulness. - 7.4.1.5 Combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. - 7.4.1.6 Take into account climate change, ocean acidification and other systemic effects. - 7.4.1.7 Reform the European Union's Common Fisheries Policy. - 7.4.1.8 Marine small-scale fisheries in the global context. - 7.4.2 Recommendations for action on aquaculture. - 7.4.2.1 Improve knowledge and data resources. - 7.4.2.2 Promote the development of sustainable aquaculture systems. - 7.4.2.3 Implement international and EU-wide recommendations. - 7.4.2.4 Strengthen economic policy supporting sustainable aquaculture. - 7.4.2.5 Promote cooperation, prevent conflicts. - 7.4.3 Fishing and aquaculture as elements of integrated strategies for food security. - 7.5 Use of energy from the sea for the energy-system transformation. - 7.5.1 Integrated energy, marine and innovation policiesfor the energy-system transformation. - 7.5.1.1 Energy policy. - 7.5.1.2 Marine policy. - 7.5.1.3 Innovation policy. - 7.5.2 Build an offshore supergrid. - 7.5.3 Refrain from marine methane hydrate mining. - 7.5.4 Develop regulations for sub-seabed CCS. - 8 Recommendations for Research and Education. - 8.1 Research in the context of the transformation towards sustainability. - 8.1.1 Key types of research. - 8.1.2 Innovative approaches in German marine research. - 8.2 Transformation research for the oceans. - 8.2.1 Conceptual background. - 8.2.2 Research recommendations. - 8.3 Transformative research for the seas. - 8.3.1 Research on global change. - 8.3.2 Ocean governance. - 8.3.2.1 Ocean governance for the transformation towards sustainability. - 8.3.2.2 Policy instruments for new challenges. - 8.3.3 Food from the sea. - 8.3.3.1 Fisheries. - 8.3.3.2 Aquaculture. - 8.3.3.3 Overarching issues. - 8.3.4 Energy from the sea. - 8.3.4.1 Technology research. - 8.3.4.2 Research on environmental hazards and risks. - 8.4 Recommendations on research policy. - 8.4.1 Stronger integration of interdisciplinary marine research into research programmes. - 8.4.2 Stronger institutionalization of interdisciplinary marine research. - 8.4.3 Strengthening of the interface between science and society in marine research. - 9 References. - 10 Glossary.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Executive summaries ; 1. Air pollution ; 2. Armed conflicts ; 3. Climate change ; 4. Ecosystems and biodiversity ; 5. Education ; 6. Gender inequality ; 7. Human health ; 8. Malnutrition ; 9. Trade barriers ; 10. Water and sanitation

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1 The Theory and Poetics of Future Narratives: A Narrative ; 2 Formal Models for Future Narratives ; 3 Future Narratives: The Media-Historical moment

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction ; 2. Can bioenergy cropping compensate high carbon emissions from large-scale deforestation of high latitudes? ; 3. Abandoned temperate croplands as a mitigation measure - reforestation vs. bioenergy plantations ; 4. Using abandoned tropical croplands as a mitigation measure - is reforestation more effective than bioenergy plantations? ; 5. Summary and Conclusion

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Chapter 1. Climate Change - An Urban Problem? Chapter 2. Climate Risk and Vulnerability in the City Chapter 3. Accounting for Urban GHG emissions Chapter 4. Governing Climate Change in the City Chapter 5. Climate Change Mitigation and Low Carbon Cities Chapter 6. Urban Adaptation - Towards Climate Resilient Cities? Chapter 7. Climate Change Experiments and Alternatives in the City Chapter 8. Conclusions