ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Einleitung ; 2. Kennwerte des Bodenwasser- und Bodenlufthaushaltes ; 3. Exogene Standorteinflüsse auf die Bodenfeuchte ; 4. Standortkundliche Feuchtestufe ; 5. Zusammenfassung

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Einführung in die Fragestellung ; 2. Großwetterlagen und Großwettertypen in Mitteleuropa ; 3. Zur Temperatur- und Niederschlagsverteilung der einzelnen Großwettertypen ; 4. Abschließende Bemerkungen

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part I: Narratives ; 1: An Introductory Example ; 2: Using Domain-Specific Languages ; 3: Implementing DSLs ; 4: Implementing an Internal DSL ; 5: Implementing an External DSL ; 6: Choosing between Internal and External DSLs ; 7: Alternative Computational Models ; 8: Code Generation ; 9: Language Workbenches ; Part II: Common Topics ; 10: A Zoo of DSLs ; 11: Semantic Model ; 12: Symbol Table ; 13: Context Variable ; 14: Construction Builder ; 15: Macro ; 16: Notification ; Part III: External DSL Topics ; 17: Delimiter-Directed Translation ; 18: Syntax-Directed Translation ; 19: BNF ; 20: Regex Table Lexer ; 21: Recursive Descent Parser ; 22: Parser Combinator ; 23: Parser Generator ; 24: Tree Construction ; 25: Embedded Translation ; 26: Embedded Interpretation ; 27: Foreign Code ; 28: Alternative Tokenization ; 29: Nested Operator Expression ; 30: Newline Separators ; 31: External DSL Miscellany ; Part IV: Internal DSL Topics ; 32: Expression Builder ; 33: Function Sequence ; 34: Nested Function ; 35: Method Chaining ; 36: Object Scoping ; 37: Closure ; 38: Nested Closure ; 39: Literal List ; 40: Literal Map ; 41: Dynamic Reception ; 42: Annotation ; 43: Parse Tree Manipulation ; 44: Class Symbol Table ; 45: Textual Polishing ; 46: Literal Extension ; Part V: Alternative Computational Models ; 47: Adaptive Model ; 48: Decision Table ; 49: Dependency Network ; 50: Production Rule System ; 51: State Machine ; Part VI: Code Generation ; 52: Transformer Generation ; 53: Templated Generation ; 54: Embedment Helper ; 55: Model-Aware Generation ; 56: Model Ignorant Generation ; 57: Generation Gap

Description / Table of Contents: In the early 20th century, American earth scientists vociferously opposed the new, and highly radical, notion of continental drift. Yet 50 years later the same idea was heralded as a major scientific breakthrough, and today continental drift is accepted as a scientific fact. Why did American geologists reject so adamantly an idea that is now considered a cornerstone of the discipline? And why did they react so much more negatively than their European counterparts? This book, based primarily on archival resources, provides answers to these questions. It complements existing work on continental drift and the emergence of the theory of plate tectonics by providing the first detailed historical account of the American geological community in the 1920s. It also challenges previous historical work on this episode, much of which ascribes the rejection of continental drift to the lack of an adequate causal mechanism. Instead, the author shows that the rejection was largely based on the view that continental drift challenged the basic methodological principles and standards of practice in American earth science.In uncovering the historical roots of this debate, the author seeks to clarify the relationship between scientific practice and theory while also providing a test case for related philosophical questions. Contents: Part 1: Not the Mechanism; 1. Two Visions of the Earth; 2. The Collapse of Thermal Contraction; 3. To Reconcile Historical Geolgoy with Isotasy; 4. Drift Mechanisms in the 1920s; 5. From Fact to Theory; 6. The Short Step Backward; 7. Uniformitarianism and Unity; Part III: A Revolution in Acceptance; 8. Direct and Indirect Evidence; 9. An Evidentiary and Epistemic Shift; 10. The Depersonalization of Geology; Epilogue: Unity and Truth

Description / Table of Contents: This thesis summarizes the results of the WSM project's second phase (1996 - 2008). In particular it presents the major achievements that have been accomplished with the WSM 2008 database release that has been compiled under the guidance of the author. Furthermore, the thesis briefly presents three of the author's numerical models that aim at quantification the temporal changes of the crustal stress field.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part 1 Climate Physics ; The Greenhouse Effect ; Wagging the Dog ; By the Light of the Silvery Moon ; Radiative Transfer ; The Balance of Energy ; The Birth of the General Circulation Model ; Aerosols ; Ocean Heat and Committed Warming ; Taking Earth's Temperature ; Ice Sheets and Sea Level ; The Public Statement ; PART 2 Carbon Cycle ; The Sky is Rising ; Denial and Acceptance ; Bookends ; One if by Land ; Two if by Sea ; Ocean pH ; Tiny Bubbles ; Index

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Einführung ; 2. Einrichten der Arbeitsumgebung ; 3. Grundlagen ; 4. Reine Objektorientierung ; 5. Funktionales Programmieren ; 6. Die Scala-Standardbibliothek ; 7. Actors - Concurrency und Multicore-Programmierung ; 8. Softwarequalität - Dokumentieren und Testen ; 9. Webprogrammierung mit Lift ; 10. Leichtgewichtige Webprogrammierung mit Scalatra ; 11. Akka - Actors und Software Transactional Memory

Description / Table of Contents: This volume provides comprehensive and authoritative coverage of all the main areas linked to geomagnetic field observation, from instrumentation to methodology, on ground or near-Earth. Efforts are also focused on a 21st century e-Science approach to open access to all geomagnetic data, but also to the data preservation, data discovery, data rescue, capacity building. Finally, modeling magnetic fields with different internal origins, with their variation in space and time, is an attempt to draw together into one place the traditional work in producing models as IGRF or describing the magnetic anomalies.

Description / Table of Contents: High latitude terrestrial ecosystems are considered key components in the global carbon (C) cycle and hold large reservoirs of soil organic carbon (SOC). Much of this is stored as soil organic matter (SOM) in permafrost soils and peat deposits and is vulnerable to remobilization under future global warming. While the large size and potential vulnerability of arctic SOM reservoirs is recognized, detailed knowledge on its landscape partitioning and quality is poor. This thesis describes total storage, landscape partitioning and lability of SOM stored in permafrost areas of Canada and Russia. Detailed studies of SOC partitioning highlight the importance of especially permafrost peatlands, but also of O-horizons in moist tundra soils and cryoturbated soil horizons. A general characterization of SOM in an area of discontinuous permafrost shows that 〉70% of the SOC in the landscape is stored in SOM with a low degree of decomposition. Projections of permafrost thaw predict that the amount of SOC stored in the active layer of permafrost soils in this area could double by the end of this century. A lateral expansion of current thermokarst lakes by 30 m would expose comparable amounts of SOC to degradation. The results from this thesis have demonstrated the value of high-resolution studies of SOC storage. It is found that peat plateaus, common in the sporadic and discontinuous permafrost zones, store large quantities of labile SOM and may be highly susceptible to permafrost degradation, especially thermokarst, under future climate warming. Large quantities of labile SOM is also stored in cryoturbated soil horizons which may be affected by active layer warming and deepening. The current upscaling methodology is statistically evaluated and recommendations are given for the design of future studies. To accurately predict responses of periglacial C pools to a warming climate detailed studies of SOC storage and partitioning in different periglacial landscapes are needed.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Hard truths on global warming: a roadmap to reading this book ; Part I. Setting the Scene: 1. Introduction and overview ; 2. Why global warming is such a difficult problem to solve ; Part II. The Three Dimensions to Climate Policy Strategy: 3. Regulating emissions part 1: the enthusiastic countries ; 4. Regulating emissions part 2: engaging reluctant developing countries ; 5. Promoting technological innovation ; 6. Preparing for a changing climate: adaptation, geoengineering and triage ; Part III. Putting It All Together: 7. Explaining diplomatic gridlock: what went wrong? ; 8. A new strategy ; 9. Climate change and world order: implications for the UN, government, industry and nature

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Game theory and literature: an overview ; 2. The bible: sacrifice and unrequited love ; 3. Theology: is it rational to believe in god? ; 4. Philosophy: paradoxes of fair division ; 5. Political philosophy: how democracy resolves conflict in difficult games ; 6. Law: supreme court challenges and jury selection ; 7. Plays: modeling frustration and anger ; 8. History: magnanimity after wars ; 9. Incomplete information in literature and history ; 10. Catch-22s in literature and history ; 11. Summary and conclusions

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction ; 2. Analytical framework ; 3. National, regional and state level discourses ; 4. Case study territory Serra da Capivara ; 5. Social inclusion of the Brazilian Biodiesel Program

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Getting wise about water ; 2. Beneath the surface ; 3. Well-fed, well-watered and well-paid ; 4. Big and beautiful ; 5. Keeping their heads above the water ; 6. Watertight ; The virtual-water gallery

Description / Table of Contents: This book offers a balance of principles, concepts, and techniques to guide readers toward an understanding of how the World Wide Web can expand and modernize the way you use GIS technology. - [book cover]

Description / Table of Contents: Content: Part I The Main Players. Rifted Margins: Building Blocks of Later Collision. - Intra-oceanic Subduction Zones. - The Subductability of Continental Lithosphere:The Before and After Story. - The Seismic Structure of Island Arc Crust. - Vertical Stratification of Composition, Density, and InferredMagmatic Processes in Exposed Arc Crustal Sections. - The Generation and Preservation of Mineral Deposits in Arc Continent Collision Environments. - Part II Specific Examples of Arc-Continent Collision: The Nature of the Banda Arc Continent Collisionin the Timor Region. - The Arc Continent Collision in Taiwan. - Early Eocene Arc Continent Collision in Kamchatka, Russia:Structural Evolution and Geodynamic Model. - The Asia Kohistan India Collision: Review and Discussion. - Processes of Arc Continent Collision in the Uralides. - The Record of Ordovician Arc Arc and Arc Continent Collisions in the Canadian Appalachians During the Closure of Iapetus. - Arc Continent Collision in the Ordovician of Western Ireland: Stratigraphic, Structural and Metamorphic Evolution. - Multiple Arc Development in the Paleoproterozoic Wopmay Orogen, Northwest Canada. - Part III Models of Arc-Continent Collision Processes: The Origin of Obducted Large-Slab Ophiolite Complexes. - Physical Modeling of Arc Continent Collision: A Reviewof 2D, 3D, Purely Mechanical and Thermo Mechanical Experimental Models. - Part IV Putting it All Together: Arc Continent Collision: The Making of an Orogen

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. The role of a climate policy mix; 3. Implementing a carbon price, the example of cap and trade; 4. Shifting investment to low-carbon choices; 5. Co-operation among developed countries - a role for carbon markets?; 6. A world of different carbon prices; 7. International support for low-carbon growth in developing countries; 8. Conclusion

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: SECTION ONE: A VISION FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN DECISIONS ; 1: Mainstreaming Natural Capital into Decisions ;2: Interpreting and Estimating the Value of Ecosystem Services ; 3: Assessing Multiple Ecosystem Services: An Integrated Tool for the Real World ; SECTION TWO: MULTI-TIERED MODELS FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ; 4: Water Supply as an Ecosystem Service for Hydropower and Irrigation ; 5: Valuing Land Cover Impact on Storm Peak Mitigation ; 6: Retention of Nutrients and Sediment by Vegetation ; 7: Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration and Storage ; 8: The Provisioning Value of Timber and Non-Timber Forest Production ; 9: Provisioning and Regulatory Ecosystem Service Values in Agriculture ; 10: Crop Pollination ; 11: Nature-Based Tourism and Recreation ; 12: Cultural Services and Non-use Values ; 13: Terrestrial Biodiversity ; SECTION THREE: EXTENSIONS, APPLICATIONS, AND THE NEXT GENERATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICE ASSESSMENTS ; 14: Putting Ecosystem Service Models to Work: Conservation, Management and Tradeoffs ; 15: How Much Information Do Managers Need? The Sensitivity of Ecosystem Service Decisions to Model Complexity ; 16: Poverty and the Distribution of Ecosystem Services ; 17: Ecosystem Service Assessments for Marine Conservation ; 18: Modeling the Impacts of Climate Change on Ecosystem Services ; 19: Incorporating Ecosystem Services in Decisions

Description / Table of Contents: Content: Stress; Displacement and strain; Relation between stress and strain; Loading of brittle rock to failure; Stress concentration; Theories of brittle failure of rocks; Extension fractures and shear fractures; Displacements and driving stresses of fractures; Toughness and fracture mechanics; Field analysis of extension fractures; Field analysis of faults; Evolution of extension fractures; Evolution of faults; Fluid transport in rocks - the basics; Fluid transport in faults; Fluid transport in hydrofractures

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part I - Social Preferences ; 1. Nature and nurture effects on children's outcomes: What have we learned from studies of twins and adoptees ; 1. Social norms and preferences ; 3. Preferences for status: evidence and economic implications ; 4. Preferences for redistribution ; 5. Theories of statistical discrimination and affirmative action: a survey ; 6. Social construction of preferences ; 7. The evolutionary foundations of preferences ; 8. Social norms ; 9. The economics of cultural transmission and socialization ; 10. Civic capital as the missing link ; 11. Does culture matter? ; Part II - Social Actions ; 12. An overview of social networks and economic applications ; 13. Local interactions ; 14. Diffusion, strategic interaction, and social structure ; 15. Learning in networks ; 16. Formation of networks and coalitions ; 17. Matching, allocation, and exchange of discrete resources

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Model Hierarchy and Simplified Climate Models.- Describing Transports of Energy and Matter.- Energy Transport in the Climate System and its Parameterisation.- Initial Value and Boundary Value Problems.- Large-scale Circulation in the Ocean.- Large-scale Circulation in the Atmosphere.- Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions.- Multiple Equilibria in the Climate System.

Description / Table of Contents: Content: Introduction to the Discipline of Geomorphology - Kenneth J. Gregory and Andrew Goudie FOUNDATION AND RELEVANCE Geomorphology: Its Early History - Andrew Goudie The Nature of Explanation in Geomorphology - Keith Richards and Nicholas J. Clifford The Role and Character of Theory in Geomorphology - Bruce L. Rhoads and Colin E. Thorn Geomorphology in Environmental Management - Peter W. Downs and Derek B. Booth Geomorphology and Society - Mathias Kondolf and Herve Piegay TECHNIQUES AND APPROACHES Observations and Experiments - Michael Church Geomorphological Mapping - Mike J. Smith and Colin F. Pain The Significance of Models in Geomorphology: From Concepts to Experiments - Nicholas A. Odoni and Stuart N. Lane Process and Form - Richard Huggett Dating Surfaces and Sediments - Tony G. Brown Remote Sensing in Geomorphology - Tom G. Farr Geographic Information Systems in Geomorphology - Takashi Oguchi and Thad A. Wasklewicz Biogeomorphology - Heather Viles Human Activity and Geomorphology - Denes Loczy and Laszlo S to PROCESS AND ENVIRONMENTS The Evolution of Regolith - Graham Taylor Rock Surface and Weathering: Process and Form - David A. Robinson and Cherith A. Moses Fluids, Flows and Fluxes in Geomorphology - Andre G. Roy and Helene Lamarre Sediment Transport and Deposition - Jeff Warburton Hillslopes - David Petley Riverine Environments - Jim Pizzuto Glacial Geomorphology - John Menzies Periglacial Environments - Hugh French Coastal Environments - Colin D. Woodroffe, Peter J. Cowell, Mark E. Dickson Aeolian Environments - Joanna E. Bullard Tropical Environments - Michael Thomas and Vishwas Kale Geomorphology Underground: The Study of Karst and Karst Processes - D. C. Ford, and P. W. Williams, ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE Landscape Evolution and Tectonics - Paul Bishop Interpreting Quaternary Environments - Anne Mather Environmental Change - Martin Williams Disturbance and Responses in Geomorphic Systems - Jonathan D. Phillips CONCLUSION Challenges and Perspectives - Mike Crozier, P. Bierman, Andreas Lang and Victor R. Baker Conclusion - Kenneth J. Gregory and Andrew Goudie

Description / Table of Contents: An essential guide to a librarianship based not on books and artifacts but on knowledge and learning. Libraries have existed for millennia, but today the library field is searching for solid footing in an increasingly fragmented (and increasingly digital) information environment. What is librarianship when it is unmoored from cataloging, books, buildings, and committees? In The Atlas of New Librarianship, R. David Lankes offers a guide to this new landscape for practitioners. He describes a new librarianship based not on books and artifacts but on knowledge and learning; and he suggests a new mission for librarians: to improve society through facilitating knowledge creation in their communities. The vision for a new librarianship must go beyond finding library-related uses for information technology and the Internet; it must provide a durable foundation for the field. Lankes recasts librarianship and library practice using the fundamental concept that knowledge is created though conversation. New librarians approach their work as facilitators of conversation; they seek to enrich, capture, store, and disseminate the conversations of their communities.To help librarians navigate this new terrain, Lankes offers a map, a visual representation of the field that can guide explorations of it; more than 140 Agreements, statements about librarianship that range from relevant theories to examples of practice; and Threads, arrangements of Agreements to explain key ideas, covering such topics as conceptual foundations and skills and values. Agreement Supplements at the end of the book offer expanded discussions. Although it touches on theory as well as practice, the Atlas is meant to be a tool: textbook, conversation guide, platform for social networking, and call to action. Copublished with the Association of College & Research Libraries

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Einleitung ; 2. Kontext: Die Elektrizitätserzeugung konventioneller thermischer Kraftwerke und Flusstemperaturen ; 3. Stand der Forschung ; 4. Datengrundlage, Datenaufbereitung und Methodik ; 5. Ergebnisse ; 6. Diskussion ; 7. Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1 A GIS-based framework for modeling and global design of Earth systems ; 2 Geoinformatics for climate change research ; 3 Reactions of mountain glaciers to climate change - a remote sensing approach ; 4 Geoinformatics and the mapping of Lands vulnerable to sea level rise ; 5 Geospatial tools to assess forest ecosystems under climate change trajectories ; 6 Geoinformatics for comprehensive impact assessment and analysis of climate change for integrated water resources management ; 7 Climate - Population - Energy: Prognoses for 2050 ; 8 Geoprocessing for soft mapping of sparse and inaccurate evapotranspiration data ; 9 Impact of climate variability on human health ; 10 Geo-information-based approach for monitoring climate-induced land degradation in Nigeria ; 11 Assessing Land surface temperature over Bangladesh using MODIS satellite images - an indicator of climate change ; 12 High resolution climate change scenarios for Morocco for the 21st century ; 13 GIScience tools for climate change related natural hazards and modeling ; 14 Spatial data infrastructure convergence: Building SDI bridges to address climate change ; 15 Geoinformatics for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction ; 16 Geoinformatics and communication technologies for climate change hazards: Musing beyond the technical issues

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part I. Problem and Theory: 1. The politics of when ; 2. Theorizing intertemporal policy choice ; Part II. Programmatic Origins: Intertemporal Choice in Pension Design: 3. Investing in the state: the origins of German pensions, 1889 ; 4. The politics of mistrust: the origins of British pensions, 1925 ; 5. Investments as political constraint: the origins of US pensions, 1935 ; 6. Investing for the short term: the origins of Canadian pensions, 1965 ; Part III. Programmatic Change: Intertemporal Choice in Pension Reform: 7. Investment as last resort: reforming US pensions, 1977 and 1983 ; 8. Shifting the long-run burden: reforming British pensions, 1986 ; 9. Committing to investment: reforming Canadian pensions, 1998 ; 10. Constrained by uncertainty: reforming German pensions, 1989 and 2001 ; Part IV. Conclusion: 11. Understanding the politics of the long term.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Deutschland wird zum Anschlagsraum ; 2. Der Angriff auf unseren Wohlstand ; 3. Der teuflische Plan ; 4. Bin Ladens Vermächtnis ; 5. Warum wir so verletzlich sind ; 6. Das Jahrzehnt der Furcht ; 7. Al-Kaida und die Weltwirtschaftskrise ; 8. Der Krieg gegen den Terror und die Schulden ; 9. Der Staat rüstet auf, die Wirtschaft erschlafft ; 10. Öl als Waffe ; 11. Die neuen Wirtschaftskriege ; 12. Wohlstand sichern: Wie wir den Terror besiegen

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; Part I - Foundations ; 1. An introduction to natural resource and environmental economics ; 2. The origins of the sustainability problem ; 3. Ethics, economics and the environment ; 4. Welfare economics and the environment ; Part II - Environmental pollution ; 5. Pollution control: targets ; 6. Pollution control: instruments ; 7. Pollution policy with imperfect information ; 8. Economy-wide modelling ; 9. International environmental problems ; 10. Trade and the environment ; Part III - Project appraisal ; 11. Cost-benefit analysis ; 12. Valuing the environment ; 13. Irreversibility, risk and uncertainty ; Part IV - Natural resource exploitation ; 14. The efficient and optimal use of natural resources ; 15. The theory of optimal resource extraction: non-renewable resources ; 16. Stock pollution problems ; 17. Renewable resources ; 18. Forest resources ; 19. Accounting for the environment

Description / Table of Contents: In this volume we mainly present one of the diatom genera (Eunotia) and other taxa belonging to the family of Eunotiaceae. Higher ranks of taxa, such as subclass etc., phylogeny and parts of general cell biology are not included. The geographic area covered by this monograph is Europe and more broadly the Holarctic Plant Realm. [...]

Description / Table of Contents: Hochwasser gehören weltweit zu den bedeutendsten Naturgefahren. In Deutschland war die bisher teuerste Naturkatastrophe das Hochwasser im August 2002 mit ca. 12 Mrd. Schäden. Um auf zukunftige Hochwasser besser vorbereitet zu sein, gilt es, aus den vergangenen Ereignissen zu lernen und - insbesondere - mit dem Risiko leben zu lernen.

Description / Table of Contents: The last few years have seen important developmentsin alternative exploration plays related to energy. One of these is Shale Gas.Gas shales are currently amongst the hottest plays in the United States. European basins host also a number of attractive shales based on analogies to productive US shales.

Description / Table of Contents: Von der Rekonstruktion des Klimas über Landmanagement, Polarforschung, Erforschung der Ozeane und urbanen Räume, Energiekonzepte, Governancestrukturen, Erdbeobachtung, Erdsystemmodellierung bis hin zur Verfügbarkeit von Datensätzen, Capacity Building und Ausbildung der nächsten Generation von Wissenschaftlern greift die Broschüre vielfältige Themenbereiche auf, die sich im Rahmen der Forschung zum globalen Wandel ergeben. Forschung zum globalen Wandel ist Forschung für die globale Nachhaltigkeit. Damit stellt sich dieser Forschungsbereich insbesondere gesellschaftsrelevanter Problem- und Fragestellungen, die meist eine fächerübergreifende Herangehensweise erfordern. Die Broschüre zeigt anhand diverser Beispiele die Vielfältigkeit der deutschen Beiträge auf, deren internationale Einbindung sowie die Möglichkeit und in vielen Bereichen die Notwendigkeit der global koordinierten Herangehensweise mit Hilfe der Global Change Programme und ESSP.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Ablation Depression.-Ablatometer.-Acidity of Glacier Ice.-Active Ice Wedge.-Adfreeze.-Aerial Photogrammetry for Glacial Monitoring.-Alaskan Glaciers.-Albedo.-Alps.-Altai-Sayan Glaciers.-Anabatic Winds: In Relation with Snow/Glacier Basin.-Anchor Ice.-Andean Glaciers.-Anisotropic Ice Flow.-Antarctica.-Anti-Icing.-Anti-Syngenetic Ice Wedge.-Appalachian Glacier Complex in Maritime Canada.-Arctic Hydroclimatology.-Artificial Ground Freezing.-Artificial Production of Snow.-Atmosphere-Snow/Ice Interactions.-Atmospheric Circulation and Glaciochemical Records.-Automated Glacier Mapping.-Basal Sediment Evacuation by Subglacial Drainage Systems.-Base Flow/Groundwater Flow.-Bed (Bottom) Topography.-Bed Forms (Fluvial).-Bed Roughness.-Bed Strength.-Benchmark Glacier.-Biogeochemistry of Sea Ice.-Blue Ice.-Bottom Melting or Undermelt (Ice Shelf).-Brash Ice.-Calving Glaciers.-Canadian Rockies and Coast Mountains of Canada.-Cascade Mountains, USA.-Cascade System.-Catastrophic Flooding.-Catastrophic Rock Slope Failures and Mountain Glaciers.-Catchment Glacier.-Caucasus Mountains.-Characteristics of Snow and Glacier Fed Rivers in Mountainous Regions with Special Reference to Himalayan Basins.-Chemical Composition of Snow, Ice, and Glaciers.-Chemical and Microbe Records in Snow and Ice.-Chemical Processes in Snow and Ice.-Circulation and Mixing in Ice-Covered Lakes.-Cirque Glaciers.-Temperature and Precipitation.-Cloudburst.-Cohesion.-Cold-Based Glaciers.-Condensation Nuclei.-Confluence of Rivers.-Congelation Ice.-Crack.-Creep.-Crevasses.-Critical Temperature.-Crush.-Crust.-Cryoconite.-Cryodessication.-Cryofront.-Cryogenesis.-Cryogenic Aquiclude.-Cryogenic Fabric.-Cryolithology.-Cryopeg.-Cryosol.-Cryostatic Pressure.-Cryostructure.-Cryoturbation.-Dating Glacial Landforms.-Dead Ice.-Debris.-Debris Thermal Properties and Impact on Ice Ablation.-Debris-Covered Glaciers.-Deglaciation.-Degree-Days.-Depletion of Snow Cover.-Deposition from Debris-Rich Ice.-Digital Elevation Model Generation over Glacierized Region.-Digital Image Information Extraction Techniques for Snow Cover Mapping from Remote Sensing Data.-Direct Surface Runoff.-Discharge/Streamflow.-Distributary Channels.-Diurnal Cycle of Runoff.-Diverging Ice Flow.-Drift Glacier/Ice/Snow.-Dry and Wet Snow Line/Zone.-Dry Snow.-Dye Tracer Investigations of Glacier Hydrology.-Dynamics of Glaciers.-Elongation Ratio.-Englacial Conduit.-Englacial Processes.-.Environmental Isotopes.-Epigenetic Ice.-Epiglacial Morphology.-Equilibrium-Line Altitude (ELA).-Erosion of Hard Rock Bed.-Erosion Rate.-Estimation of Glacier Volume and Volume Change by Scaling Methods.-Estuary Ice Cover.-Fast Ice.-Finger Rafting.-Firn.-Fjords.-Foliation.-Forbes Band.-Formation and Deformation of Basal Ice.-Frazil.-Freezing Bottom (Ice Shelf).-Freezing Meltwater.-Freezing and Thawing Index.-Frequency Analysis of Snow Storms.-Fresh Water Storage.-Frictional Melting.-Frost.-Frozen Soil Hydrology.-Frozen Toe (Outer Zone of Glacier Snout).-Gelisols.-Geochemistry of Snow and Ice.-Geocryology.-GIS in Glaciology.-Glacial Drainage Characteristics.-Glacial Ecosystems.-Glacial Erosion.-Glacial Erratic.-Glacial Geomorphology and Landforms Evolution.-Glacial Grooves.-Glacial Overdeepening.-Glacial Striations.-Glacial Trough.-Glacial/Interglacial Cycles.-Glaciation During Times of Enhanced/Reduced Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide.-Glaciations and Groundwater Flow Systems.-Glacier.-Glacier Bird of the Andes.-Glacier Cave.-Glacier Field Studies: Important Things to Notice.-Glacier Hydrology.-Glacier Lake Outburst Floods.-Glacier Mass Balance.-Glacier Motion/Ice Velocity.-Glacier Pothole.-Glacier Sliding.-Glacier Surging.-Glacier System.-Glacier Toe.-Glaciers of the Karakoram Himalaya.-Glacieret.-Glacierization.-Glacioeustasy.-Glaciofluvial.-Glaciogenic Deposits.-Glaciohydraulic Supercooling.-Glacioisostasy.-Glaciolacustrine.-Glaciology.-Glaciomarine.-Glaciostatic Pressure/Stress.-Glaciotectonic Structures, Landforms, and Processes.-Global Climate Modeling in Cryospheric Assessment.-Global Outlook of Snowcover, Sea Ice, and Glaciers.-Global Warming and its Effect on Snow/Ice/Glaciers.-GPS in Glaciology, Applications.-GRACE in Glaciology.-Granulometry.-Gravel Sheet.-Gravitational Mass Movement Deposits.-Gravity Flow (Mass Flow).-Gray-White Ice.-Greenland Glaciers Outside the Ice Sheet.-Greenland Ice Sheet.-Ground Ice.-Ground Penetrating Radar Measurements over Glaciers.-Heat and Mass Transfer in Sea Ice.-High Elevation Glacio-Climatology.-Himalaya.-Himalayan Glaciers in 2010 and 2035.-Hindu Kush.-Holocene Glacier Fluctuations.-Horizontal Component of Ablation.-Horizontal Component of Velocity.-Hummocks (Peat).-Hydrochemical Characteristics of Snow, Ice, and Glaciers.-Hydrogen Isotopes.-Hydrographs.-Hydrologic Cycle and Snow.-Hydrological Response in Glacierized Basins.-Hydrology of Jökulhlaups.-Hydropower: Hydroelectric Power Generation from Alpine Glacier Melt.-Hypsometry.-Hysteresis.-Ice.-Ice Age.-Ice Age Cycles: Data, Models, and Uncertainties.-Ice Age Development Theory.-Ice Apron.-Ice Caps.-Ice Caves.-Ice Core.-Ice Covered Lakes.-Ice Dams.-Ice Sheet.-Ice Sheet Mass Balance.-Ice Shelf.-Ice-Cored Moraines.-Ice-Dammed Lakes.-Ice-Marginal Deposition.-Ice-Marginal Processes.-Ice-Volcano Interactions.-Icefall.-Iceland Glaciers.-ICESat Data in Glaciological Studies.-Icicle.-Icing.-Impacts of Snow and Glaciers on Runoff.-Interception of Snow.-Interflow.-International Polar Year 20072008.-Interstitial Ice.-Intrusive Ice.-Inventory of Glaciers.-Inverse Methods in Glaciology.-Inversion Layers.-Inverted Cup Depth Hoar Crystals.-Irreducible Water.-Isotope Analysis.-Isotopic Characteristics of Ice, Snow, and Glaciers.-Isotopic Fractionation of Freezing Water.-Isotopic Signatures.-Kame and Kettle Topography.-Katabatic Wind: In Relation with Snow and Glaciers.-Kilimanjaro.-Kunlun Mountains.-Lake Ellsworth.-Lake Ice.-Lake Vostok.-Laminated Sediments.-Landforms of Glacial Deposition.-Landforms of Glacial Erosion.-Landforms of Glacial Transportation.-Landscapes of Glacial Erosion.-Last Glacial Maximum Glaciation (LGM/LGP) in High Asia (Tibet and Surrounding Mountains).-Latent Heat of Condensation.-Latent Heat of Fusion/Freezing.-Latent Heat of Sublimation.-Latent Heat of Vaporization/Condensation.-Lateroglacial.-Lateroglacial Landform Systems.-Laurentide Ice Sheet.-Layering of Snow.-LIDAR in Glaciology.-Little Ice Age.-Lobe.-Mapping of Internal Glacial Layers.-Marginal Channel (Lateral Meltwater Channel).-Marginal Ice Zones.-Marine Glaciers.-Marine Ice Sheet.-Mechanical Weathering.-Median Elevation of Glaciers.-Mediterranean Glaciers and Glaciation.-Melt Runoff Modeling.-Melting Processes.-Meltwater Channels.-Meltwater Conduit.-Meltwater Erosion.-Meltwater Pressure.-Meltwater Storage.-Microorganisms Associated with Glaciers.-Monitoring and Warning Systems.-Monsoonal Records Observed from Snow/Ice/Glacier.-Moraine.-Moulins.-Mount Everest.-Mount Kenya.-Mountain Geomorphology.-Natural Hazards Associated with Glaciers and Permafrost.-Negative Temperature Gradient (in Ice).-Neoglaciation.-Network of Stakes.-New Zealand Glaciers.-Niche Glacier.-Normalized-Difference Snow Index (NDSI).-Nye (N) Channels.-Ogives.-Optical Remote Sensing of Alpine Glaciers.-Orographic Precipitation.-Outlet Glacier.-Overburden Pressure.-Oxygen Isotopes.-Palaeo Glaciofluvial Sediment Systems.-Palaeo-Channel.-Palaeo-Ice Stream.-Palaeoclimate and Past Glaciations.-Palaeohydrology.-Pamirs.-Pancake Ice.-Papua.-Paraglacial Landscape Transformations.-Patagonia.-Paternoster Lakes.-Peak Flood Glacier Discharge.-Percolation Zone.-Perennially Frozen Ground.-Periglacial.-Permacrete.-Permafrost.-Permafrost on Asteroids.-Permafrost and Climate Interactions.-Permafrost Modeling.-Permanent/Perpetual Snow Line.-Physical Properties of Snow.-Piedmont Glaciers.-Pingo.-Plastic Deformation.-Plastic Flow.-Pleistocene Epoch.-Plucking.-Polythermal Glaciers.-Precipitation.-Proglacial Lakes.-Quaternary Glaciation.-Radar Application in Snow, Ice, and Glaciers.-Radiative Transfer Modeling.-Radioactive Fallout.-Radioactive Isotopes.-Radioactivity.-Rain-Induced Snowmelt.-Ram Resistance.-Rating Curve.-Recession Coefficient.-Recession of Discharge.-Reconstruction of the Last Glaciations in the Whole of Asia.-Recrystallization of Ice.-Refreezing of Meltwater.-Regelation.-Remobilization (of Debris).-Resedimentation.-Retreat/Advance of Glaciers.-Rime Ice.-River Ice Hydrology.-Roche Moutonnees.-Rock Glaciers.-Rocky Mountains.-Röthlisberger (R)-Channels.-Runoff Coefficient.-Runoff Generation.-Runoff Observations.-Runout Distance.-Salinity.-Saltation.-Scandinavian Glaciers.-Sea Ice.-Sea-Level.-Seasonal Frost.-Seasonal Snow Cover.-Sediment Budgets.-Sediment Core and Glacial Environment Reconstruction.-Sediment Entrainment, Transport, and Deposition.-Sediment Flux Source-To-Sink.-Sediment Gravity Flow.-Sediment Routing.-Sediment Transfer Modeling.-Sediment Yield.-SEM Analysis of Glacial Sediments.-Septa of Englacial Debris.-Serac.-Siberia.-Slush and Sleet of Snow.-Snow.-Snow Bed/Snow Bed Vegetation.-Snow Course.-Snow Cover and Snowmelt in Forest Regions.-Snow Cover Changes in the Alps.-Snow Crystal Structure.-Snow Deformation.-Snow Density.-Snow Depth.-Snow Drift.-Snow Gauge.-Snow Grains.-Snow Hydrology.-Snow Layer.-Snow Load.-Snow Metamorphism.-Snow Microstructure.-Snow Pellet.-Snow Pillow.-Snow Pit.-Snow Ripening.-Snow Skating.-Snow Skiing.-Snow Storm.-Snow and Vegetation Interaction.-Snow Water Equivalent.-Snowboard.-Solifluction.-Solute in Glacial Meltwaters.-Solutes in Glacier Ice.-Specific Melt Rate.-Stable Isotopes.-Stage-Discharge Relationship.-Stationary Glacier.-Stratigraphy of Snowpacks.-Streamflow Trends in Mountainous Regions.-Structural Glaciology.-Subglacial Borehole Instrumentation.-Subglacial Drainage System.-Subglacial Lakes, Antarctic.-Subglacial Processes.-Subglacial Volcanism.-Subglacial Weathering.-Sublimation from Snow and Ice.-Summer Accumulation Type Glaciers.-Super Cooling Clouds.-Supercooled Water.-Supra-Glacial Debris Entrainments.-Surface Energy Balance.-Surface Temperature of Snow and Ice.-Suspended Sediment Concentration.-Suspended Sediment Dynamics.-Suspended Sediment Load.-Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry for Glacier Movement Studies.-Talik.-Tarn.-Temperate Glaciers.-Temperature Lapse Rates in Glacierized Basins.-Temperature Profile of Snowpack.-Terminus.-Terraces.-Thaw Weakening.-Thermal Infrared Sensors.-Thermal Regime of Ice-Covered Lakes.-Thermokarst.-Thinning of Arctic Sea Ice.-Thinning of Glaciers.-Tibetan Plateau.-Tidewater Glaciers.-Tien Shan Glaciers.-Till.-Topographic Normalization of Multispectral Satellite Imagery.-Transformations of Snow at the Earths Surface and its Climatic and Environmental Consequences.-Transient Snowline.-Tree-Ring Indicators of Glacier Fluctuations.-Tributary Glaciers.-Urban Snow.-U-Shape Valley.-Vein Ice.-V-Shaped Valley.-Water Balance in the Glacierized Region.-Westerlies and their Effects on Maritime Ice Caps and Glaciers.-WGMS (World Glacier Monitoring Service).-Winter Accumulation Glacier.-Year-Round Ablation Pattern.-Younger Dryas

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1.1 Climate Change, Population Growth and Crop Production: An Overview ; 1.2 Modelling Regional Effects of Climate Change on Wheat Crop Production in Victoria, Australia ; 2. Agroecology: Implications for Plant Response to Climate Change ; 3.1 Impacts of Climate Change on Crop Production in Latin America ; 3.2 Changing Climate in North America: Implications for Crops ; 3.3 Regional Impacts of Climate Change: Africa ; 3.4 Regional Impacts: Europe ; 3.5 Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations in the Countries of the Former Soviet Union ; 3.6 Climate Change Impact in Agriculture: Vulnerability and Adaptation Concerns of Semi Arid Tropics in Asia ; 3.7 Climate Change Impacts in Japan and Southeast Asia: Implications for Crop Adaptation ; 3.8 Regional Impacts: Australia ; 4. Synthesis of Regional Impacts and Global Agricultural Adjustments ; 5.1 Impacts of High-Temperature Stress and Potential Opportunities for Breeding ; 5.2 Whole Plant Response to Drought under Climate Change ; 6. Plant Responses to Increased Carbon Dioxide ; 7. Genetics Options for Improving the Productivity of Wheat in Water-Limited and Temperature Stressed Environments ; 8. Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Pea ; 9. Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Chickpea ; 10. Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Vicia faba ; 11. Adaptation of the Potato Crop to Changing Climates ; 12. Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: RICE ; 13. Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: MAIZE ; 14. Sorghum Genetic Enhancement for Climate Change Adaptation ; 15. Breeding Cowpea for Future Climates ; 16. Genetic Improvement of Common beans and the Challenges of Climate Change ; 17. Improving Soybean Cultivars for Adaptation to Climate Change and Climate Variability ; 18. Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Vegetables ; 19. Adaptation of Cassava to Changing Climates ; 20. Changing Climates: Effects on Growing Conditions for Banana and Plantain (Musa spp.) and Possible Responses ; 21. Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Sugarcane ; 22. Breeding Oilseed Brassica for Climate Change ; 23. The Genetic Envelope of Wine Grapevines: Potential for Adaptation to Future Climate Challenges ; 24. The Potential of Climate Change Adjustment in crops: A Synthesis ; 25. Crop Germplasm Diversity - the Role of Gene Bank Collections in Facilitating Adaptation to Climate Change ; 26. Underutilized species and Climate Change - Current Status and Outlook ; 27. Wild Relative and Transgenic Innovation for Enhancing Crop Adaptation to Warmer and Drier Climate ; 28. Energy Crops to Combat Climate Change ; 29. Research from the Past to the Future

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1 Landwirtschaftliche Strukturdaten ; 2 Ressourcennutzung in der Landwirtschaft ; 3 Flächennutzung im Wandel ; 4 Landwirtschaft und Umweltmedien - Boden ; 5Landwirtschaft und Umweltmedien - Wasser ; 6 Landwirtschaft und Umweltmedien - Luft ; 7 Klimawandel und Klimaanpassung ; 8 Schutz der Umwelt und biologischen Vielfalt

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: I Convex Analysis ; 1 Linear Spaces ; 2 Maps on Linear Spaces ; 3 Some Fundamental Theorems ; II Theory of Vector Optimization ; 4 Optimality Notions ; 5 Scalarization ; 6 Existence Theorems ; 7 Generalized Lagrange Multiplier Rule ; 8 Duality ; III Mathematical Applications ; 9 Vector Approximation ; 10 Cooperative n Player Differential Games ; IV Engineering Applications ; 11 Theoretical Basics of Multiobjective Optimization ; 12 Numerical Methods ; 13 Multiobjective Design Problems ; V Extensions to Set Optimization ; 14 Basic Concepts and Results of Set Optimization ; 15 Contingent Epiderivatives ; 16 Subdifferential ; 17 Optimality Conditions

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: I Studying the Knowledge Commons ; 1 Introduction: An Overview of the Knowledge Commons ; 2 The Growth of the Commons Paradigm ; 3 A Framework for Analyzing the Knowledge Common ; II Protecting the Knowledge Commons ; 4 Countering Enclosure: Reclaiming the Knowledge Commons ; 5 Mertonianism Unbound?: Imagining Free, Decentralized Access to Most Cultural and Scientific Material ; 6 Preserving the Knowledge Commons ; III Building New Knowledge Commons ; 7 Creating an Intellectual Commons through Open Access ; 8 How to Build a Commons: Is Intellectual Property Constrictive, Facilitating, or Irrelevant? ; 9 Collective Action, Civic Engagement, and the Knowledge Commons ; 10 Free/Open-Source Software as a Framework for Establishing Commons in Science ; 11 Scholarly Communication and Libraries Unbound: The Opportunity of the Commons ; 12 EconPort: Creating and Maintaining a Knowledge Commons

Description / Table of Contents: Ein Tsunami in Indonesien, ein Hurrikan in New Orleans, Erdbeben in Haiti, China und Japan - Naturkatastrophen haben die Menschen in Schrecken versetzt. Nach Prognosen von Klimaforschern werden sie in Zukunft zunehmen. Weltweit arbeiten Wissenschaftler daran, ihre Risiken zu senken. Dabei spielen deutsche Forschung und Technologie eine Schlüsselrolle.

Description / Table of Contents: This authoritative book presents the theoretical development of gravitational physics as it applies to the dynamics of celestial bodies and the analysis of precise astronomical observations. In so doing, it fills the need for a textbook that teaches modern dynamical astronomy with a strong emphasis on the relativistic aspects of the subject produced by the curved geometry of four-dimensional spacetime.The first three chapters review the fundamental principles of celestial mechanics and of special and general relativity. This background material forms the basis for understanding relativistic reference frames, the celestial mechanics of N-body systems, and high-precision astrometry, navigation, and geodesy, which are then treated in the following five chapters. The final chapter provides an overview of the new field of applied relativity, based on recent recommendations from the International Astronomical Union.The book is suitable for teaching advanced undergraduate honors programs and graduate courses, while equally serving as a reference for professional research scientists working in relativity and dynamical astronomy.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: I. Grüne Transformation ; Fukushima: die Katastrophe und wir ; Schluss, aus! Ausstieg aus der Atomenergie ; Multiple Krisen: Wahrnehmungs- und Reaktionsmuster ; Green New Deal: aber wie? ; Transformation: durch nachhaltige Industriepolitik ; Transformation: Ökosystemleistungen und Grüne Wirtschaft ; Rohstoffeffizienz: Wirtschaft entlasten, Umwelt schonen ; Transformationsforschung: Ökologischer Strukturwandel und Green New Deal ; II. Grüne Allianzen ; Umweltbewegung und Umweltprotest: Sprung in eine grüne Zukunft? ; Neue Organisationen: Aktivierung der Zivilgesellschaft ; Klimaschutz: neue internationale Allianzen ; Klimafinanzierung: wie viel, woher, wofür und für wen? ; Waldschutz: neue internationale Allianzen ; USA und China: Kooperation bei Energie und Klimaschutz ; Allianz Europa-Asien: Neubeginn der globalen Umweltpolitik? ; III. Persistente Konflikte ; Atomenergie: Biblis, das lange Ende einer langen Laufzeit ; Industrielle Landwirtschaft: ein Irrweg ; Agrar- und Ernährungswende: ein Plädoyer ; Klimawandel: Gerechtigkeit bei der globalen Transformation ; Biodiversität: ein Rettungsanker ist geworfen ; Wasser: Knappheit vermeiden, Verschmutzung vermindern ; Landraub: eine moderne Form des Kolonialismus ; Verkehrswachstum: wenig Platz noch an Land und in der Luft ; Strategische Rohstoffe für Windkraft, E-Mobilität & Co. ; Transmutation: nukleare Müllverbrennung? ; IV. Grüne Spuren ; Wege zur 100 % Erneuerbaren Stromversorgung ; Bundeshauptstadt im Klimaschutz: Ergebnisse eines Wettbewerbs ; Unternehmensverantwortung: Arbeitnehmer außen vor? ; Umweltpolitikberatung: Algerien, Marokko, Tunesien ; Die 125 Watt-Lampe: ein grünes Geheimnis ; V. Vor-Reiter ; Jacques Cousteau - ein ökologischer Widerstandskämpfer ; Wangari Maathei - Baumaktivistin und Nobelpreisträgerin ; VI. Umweltinstitutionen

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: PART I. Foundations ; 1: The Nature of Theory ; 2: The Logic of Inference ; PART II. Macroecology ; 3: Scaling Metrics and Macroecology ; 4: Overview of Macroecological Models and Theories ; PART III. The Maximum Entropy Principle ; 5: Entropy, Information, and the Concept of Maximum Entropy ; 6: MaxEnt at work ; PART IV. Macroecology and MaxEnt ; 7: The Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology (METE) ; 8: Testing METE ; PART V. A Wider Perspective ; 9: Applications to Conservation ; 10: Connections to other theories ; 11: Future Directions ; Epilogue: Is a Comprehensive Unified Theory of Ecology possible? What might it look like? ; Appendix A. Access to plant census data from a serpentine grassland ; Appendix B. A fractal model ; Appendix C. Predicting the SAR: An alternative approach

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface ; 1. Introduction ; 2. What is Drought? ; 3. The Science of Drought ; 4. Quantifying Drought ; 5. Paleo-Drought: The Occurrence of Drought over Past Millennia ; 6. Drought in the 20th Century ; 7. Major Drought Events of the 20th Century ; 8. Drought in the 21st Century ; 9. Summary and Recommendations

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Wege ins Morgen ; Der humane Impuls ; Das System Auto ; Zurück in die Zukunft ; Bionik für Fortgeschrittene ; Es werde Licht! ; Helfen mit Gewinn ; Stahl und Seide ; Die Zukunft war gestern ; Zehn Antworten ; City Dreams ; Alles Öko? ; WWF-Werkteil - In Zukunft frei von CO2

Description / Table of Contents: Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen's (1906-94) most original contribution is his bioeconomic theory. Based on a profound rethinking of the foundations of neoclassical economics, bioeconomics represents a completely new paradigm compared to both the standard and the Marxist approach. Opening economics to natural sciences led Georgescu-Roegen to point out the bio-physical limits to growth. In the last years of his life, he also criticised the sustainable development paradigm, but his criticism disappeared together with him, only to re-emerge recently, thanks to the research on his archiveand to the interest for his viewpoints within the framework of 'degrowth'. In his last years Georgescu-Roegen intended to publish a text entitled Bioeconomics, as an initial systematic arrangement of this doctrine. This book aims to pick up that project in two ways: first, collecting Goergescu-Roegen's main contributions to bioeconomic theory, some still unpublished, and tackling the principal nubs of the discipline particularly the criticism of sustainable development. Second, recuperating that full multidisciplinarity that represents the profoundest characteristic of the bioeconomic theory.

Description / Table of Contents: The theme of this thesis is to investigate the sensitivity of several different formations of future satellite gravity missions. The work has three main aspects. The first, and the most important, is the development and testing of a global directional wavelet transformation as a mathematical tool to analyse sensitivity of satellite gravity mission. This is done by propagating full covariance matrices w.r.t. the spherical harmonics functions onto the directional wavelet transform. For the first time, we are able to accurately quantify the stripes that are typical for the error pattern of the GRACE gravity mission.The second aspect is the simulation of a satellite gravity formation, in order to achieve accuracy information in the form of a full covariance matrix. The third aspect involves analyzing results from the GRACE mission, which is already in orbit and has been delivering data since 2002. We compare the simulations of GRACE to the data delivered by the GRACE mission. This way, we are able to establish a relationship between the simulations and real-life data and evaluate the quality of the simulations.