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  • Articles  (364,047)
  • 2005-2009  (364,047)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-10-27
    Description: The discovery of recent co-seismic sedimentary structures and the detection of low energy seismic activity in the Murgian plateau (Apulia - Southern Italy) motivated a more detailed examination of the tectonics in this part of the Apulian plate commonly believed to be aseismic. In particular, we examined the north-western zone where a seismic sequence with maximum magnitude 3.2 and tensional focal mechanism occurred in 1991. The analysis of the existing gravimetric data, integrated by three new profiles carried out across the epicentral area, disclosed an anomaly possibly due to an old tensional tectonic structure located within the upper crust. Even though the depth and the age hypothesised for the anomaly source would exclude a direct causal connection with the observed seismicity, this structure could be a shallower expression of a tectonic structure extending down to the crystalline basement: it could represent a zone of relative «weakness» where the regional stress, due to the interactions between Apennines and Apulian plate, encounters conditions facilitating the release of seismic energy.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Bouguer anomalies ; Murgian plateu ; low energy seismicity ; tensional structures ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-10-27
    Description: Primary and secondary surface deformation related to the 2001 Bhuj-Kachchh earthquake suggests that thrusting movement took place along an E-W fault near the western extension of the South Wagad Fault, a synthetic fault of the Kachchh Mainland Fault (KMF). Despite early reconnaissance reports that concluded there was no primary surface faulting, we describe an 830 m long, 15-35 cm high, east-west-trending thrust fault scarp near where the seismogenic fault plane would project to the surface, near Bharodiya village (between 23°34.912'N, 70°23.942'E and 23°34.304'N, 70°24.884'E). Along most of the scarp Jurassic bedrock is thrust over Quaternary deposits, but the fault scarp also displaces Holocene alluvium and an earth dam, with dips of 13° to 36° south. Secondary co-seismic features, mainly liquefaction and lateral spreading, dominate the area south of the thrust. Transverse right-lateral movement along the «Manfara Fault» and a parallel fault near Bharodiya suggests segmentation of the E-W master faults. Primary (thrust) surface rupture had a length of 0.8 km, maximum displacement of about 35 cm, and average displacement of about 15 cm. Secondary (strike-slip) faulting was more extensive, with a total end-to-end length of 15 km, maximum displacement of 35 cm, and average displacement of about 20 cm.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: surface rupture ; Kachchh earthquake ; thrust fault ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-11-26
    Description: The CROP-11 deep seismic profile across the central Apennines, Italy, reveals a previously unknown, mid-crustal antiform here interpreted as a fault-bend fold-like structure. The seismic facies and gravity signature suggest that this structure consists of low-grade metamorphic rocks. Geomorphological, stratigraphic and tectonic evidence in the overlying shallow thrusts suggests that this structure developed in early to mid-Messinian time and grew out of sequence in late Messinian– Pliocene time. The out-of-sequence growth may reflect a taper subcriticality stage of the Apenninic thrust wedge, which induced renewed contraction in the rear.
    Description: Published
    Description: 583–586
    Description: open
    Keywords: CROP project ; seismic reflection profile ; mid-crustral folding ; central Apennines ; deep crust ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-11-23
    Description: A survey of 116 repeat stations of the Italian Magnetic Network was carried out between 1989 and 1992. We describe the characteristics of the selected network repeat station sites, the characteristics of the measuring equipment, the data reduction procedure and the analysis in terms of normal field, data mapping and secular variation. Together with the values from our previous campaigns, we also determined, for all elements, the normal fields of secular variation. The new repeat station data are listed. Results, maps and normal fields are discussed with respect to previous work and future survey plans.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: geomagnetic survey and maps ; geomagnetic reference fields ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: We describe the procedures used to combine into a uniform velocity solution the observations of more than 80 continuous GPS stations operating in the central Mediterranean in the 1998-2004 time interval. We used a distributed processing approach, which makes efficient use of computer resources, while producing velocity estimates for all stations in one common reference frame, allowing for an effective merging of all the observations into a self-consistent network solution. We describe the CGPS data archiving and processing procedures, and provide main results in terms of position time-series and velocities for all stations that observed more than three years. We computed horizontal and vertical velocities accounting for the seasonal (annual and semi-annual) signals, and considering the off-sets in the coordinate time-series caused by station equipment changes. Weighted post-fit RMS of the north, east and vertical velocity components are in the range of 1.57-2.08 mm, 1.31-3.28 mm, and 3.60-7.24 mm, respectively, which are reduced by solving for seasonal signals in the velocity estimates. The annual and semi-annual signals in the height components, with amplitudes up to 4.8 mm, are much stronger than those in the horizontal components. The mean amplitudes of annual and semi-annual signals are within 0.18-0.47 mm, 0.23-0.52 mm and 0.55-1.92 mm in the north, east and vertical components, respectively.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Crustal deformations ; Satellite geodesy ; Data processing ; Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-11-23
    Description: Gas data of the Los Azufres geothermal field were analyzed using a method based on equilibrium of the Fischer- Tropsch (FT) reaction: CH4 + 2H2O = 4H2 +CO2 and on the combined pyrite-hematite-magnetite (HSH2) reactions: 5/4 H2 +3/2 FeS2 +3/4 Fe2O3 + 7/4 H2O = 3 H2S +Fe3O4 in order to estimate reservoir temperature and excess steam. The solution of equilibrium equations produces a grid (FT-HSH2). This method is suitable for reservoirs with relatively high H2S but low H2 and NH3 concentrations in the fluid as is the case of the Los Azufres well discharges. Reservoir temperature and reservoir excess steam values were estimated for initial and present conditions in representative wells of the field to study the evolution of fluids, because of exploitation and waste fluids reinjection. This method was very useful in estimating reservoir temperatures in vapor wells, while in two-phase wells it was found that as the well produces a smaller fraction of water, the reservoir temperature estimation agrees qualitatively with results from cationic or silica geothermometers. For liquid-dominated wells the reservoir temperature estimations agree with temperatures obtained from the well simulator WELFLO. This indicates that FT-HSH2 results provide the temperature of the fluid entering the well where the last equilibrium occurs. Results show a decrease in reservoir temperatures in the southern zone of the field where intensive reinjection takes place. With exploitation, it was also noted that the deep liquid phase in the reservoir is changing to two-phase increasing the reservoir steam fraction and the non-condensable gases in well discharges.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Los Azufres geothermal field ; gas geochemistry ; geothermal gas equilibria ; reservoir exploitation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: Tomographic analysis of seismic surface waves can map upper mantle structure under the Antarctic plate with reliability and fairly good detail, making the best use of the relatively limited dataset currently available. The large-scale features of Antarctic upper mantle agree with global views of Earth structure under oceans and continents. Low seismic velocities map the hot thermal anomaly under mid-ocean ridges down to approximately 150 km, stronger and wider under faster-spreading ridges. Cold continental roots show as seismically fast material under the older part of the continent (East), while the West Antarctic Rift System has a clearly slow wave signature. The seismically imaged lithosphere has variable thickness under the craton. It appears rather regular and about 220 km thick under Dronning Maud Land, but it deepens in the region stretching below Enderby Land, Gamburtsev Mountains, to Wilkes Land, where it reaches its maximum thickness, in excess of 250 km. This variability in lithospheric thickness is analogous to what has been found under other continents. The high velocity anomaly imaging cratonic roots appears to spread out, as a cool halo, off the passive continental margins, but terminates sharply towards the West Antarctic Rift System. The fast/slow contact runs under the Transantarctic Mountains and it is particularly sharp in the Ross Embayment, where seismically slow material, imaged down to 250 km, can be interpreted as the deep-seated hot anomaly related to a mantle plume.
    Description: Research supported by Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide.
    Description: Published
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismic tomography ; Antarctica ; Lithosphere ; Surface waves ; Continental Roots ; Precambrian cratons ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-12-01
    Description: Between April 10th and May 22th 2006, a small seismic swarm of 5 volcano-tectonic events occurred on the volcanic island of Stromboli (Southern Italy). Two of these, having M 〉 3 and an intensity of about V-VI MCS, were clearly felt causing concern in the population. They were recorded during a period of increased explosive activity and were followed by two major explosions at the summit craters on May 22th, few hours after the last earthquake and on 16th June. The location of such events has been performed using a probabilistic approach based on the Equal Differential Time tecnique. Using this tecnique, we were able to locate all the events, showing how they cluster below the volcanic edifice at a depth of about 5÷6 km. From observed P wave polarities we determined the focal mechanisms of the 4 major events. Using earthquake scaling nlaws, we calculated the fault area and the average slip for the two major events. Finally, assuming an homogeneous half-space model we computed the isotropic stress changes below the volcano edifice. The negative stress variation over the central axis of the volcano suggests that the earthquakes were triggered by a pressurization of the magmatic system.
    Description: Published
    Description: open
    Keywords: Stromboli ; Magmatic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-12-07
    Description: The lithospheric and crustal structure of the Victoria Land continental block (Antarctica) has been studied by geological and geophysical surveys. Among them magnetovariational investigations (MV) have been addressed to highlight the deep electrical conductivity patterns which contribute to the understanding of continental rifting and tectonic setting of the region. The hypothetical event map for H linearly polarized perpendicular to the coast indicates a possible broad coast parallel conductivity anomaly zone. Despite the coast effect, this feature could be related to the deep upper mantle thermal anomaly leading to Cenozoic uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains rift flank. However, both the hypothetic event map polarized parallel to the coast and the induction arrows suggest that the area of enhanced conductivity may be confined to the Deep Freeze Range crustal block along the western flank of the Mesozoic Rennick Graben. We also discuss the possible association between increased conductivity over the Southern Cross block and extensive Cenozoic alkaline plutonism.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Magnetovariations ; electrical conductivity ; lithosphere ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-12-03
    Description: We present the results of an integrated application of the self-potential and resistivity methods to the recognition of buried remains in the archaeological site of Sumhuram (Khor-Rouri, Oman), and of the self-potential, resistivity and radar methods to the assessment of the state of conservation of the Aksum obelisk (Rome, Italy). A tomographic approach based on the concept of anomaly source occurrence probability was used for the analysis of the self-potential and resistivity data. Tomographic imaging provided reliable space patterns of the most probable specific target boundaries and notably improved the information quality of each single geophysical method.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: applied geophysics ; cultural heritage ; electrical tomography ; radar profiling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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