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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 1995-1999  (2,920)
  • 1999  (1,647)
  • 1997  (1,273)
  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):1975-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Husbandry/*methods ; Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cattle/embryology/*genetics ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; *Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Transfer/veterinary ; Fallopian Tubes/cytology ; Female ; Japan ; *Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology ; Pregnancy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldman, L R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1825-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Lead/adverse effects ; Lead Poisoning/*prevention & control ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spear, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):1999-2000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Northwestern University Medical School, Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. p-spear@nwu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Dystroglycans ; Humans ; Laminin/metabolism ; Lassa Fever/*virology ; Lassa virus/*metabolism ; Leprosy/*microbiology ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Mycobacterium leprae/*metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Schwann Cells/microbiology
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gough, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1823.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/adverse effects ; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/adverse effects ; Confidentiality/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Defoliants, Chemical ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; *Public Policy ; Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Research Support as Topic ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/adverse effects ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abramson, P R -- Pinkerton, S D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):1993-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/*genetics/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Male ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Vocalization, Animal
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adams, M W -- Stiefel, E I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1842-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. adams@bmb.uga.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Carbon Monoxide/chemistry ; Clostridium/*enzymology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyanides/chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen/*metabolism ; Hydrogenase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Iron/chemistry ; Ligands ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Penney, B K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):1992-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Genes, Helminth ; Genes, Insect ; Longevity ; Nematoda/*genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):1972-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/*genetics/physiology ; Cell Lineage ; Chromosome Mapping ; DNA, Helminth/chemistry/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Helminth ; Genetic Techniques ; *Genome ; Humans ; Mutation ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1796.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Insect Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Male ; *Mutation ; Temperature
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sussman, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):1993.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Databases, Factual ; Periodicals as Topic ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Publishing
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-09-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagmann, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 20;285(5431):1200-1, 1203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10484727" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Acetyltransferases/chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Chromatin/chemistry/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Histones/*metabolism ; Methylation ; *Mitosis ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; p300-CBP Transcription Factors
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Products/chemistry/isolation & purification ; *Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drug Design ; *Drug Industry ; *Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-09-08
    Description: Postdoctoral appointments can have different functions and meanings, depending on the field and whether the postdoc is a man or a woman. The Ph.D.'s-Ten Years Later study confirmed that in biochemistry, the postdoc, not the Ph.D., has become the general proving ground for excellence both in academia and industry. Because they spent a longer time in these "mandatory" postdocs, biochemists had the largest proportion of untenured faculty 10 to 13 years after the Ph. D. In mathematics, where substantially fewer postdoctoral positions are available, Ph.D.'s taking postdocs are more likely to obtain faculty positions, but this is true only for men. University administrators should be accountable for monitoring the total time spent in these positions and should provide administrative assistance for skills training, career growth, and the job search. In addition, creative solutions concerning the dual-career couple phenomenon are necessary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nerad, M -- Cerny, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1533-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Division, University of California, Berkeley, 424 Sproul Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-5900, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biochemistry/education ; *Career Mobility ; *Education, Graduate ; Employment ; Faculty ; *Fellowships and Scholarships ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Societies, Scientific ; Time Factors ; United States ; Universities
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Westhof, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):61-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Strasbourg, France. westhof@ibmc.u-strasbg.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10532891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Catalysis ; Cytosine/chemistry/metabolism ; Hepatitis Delta Virus/*enzymology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Imidazoles/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Mutagenesis ; Point Mutation ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 18;282(5397):2175-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9890822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Cartilage ; *Complementary Therapies/economics/organization & administration ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/*organization & administration ; Research Support as Topic ; Tissue Extracts/therapeutic use ; United States
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nitta, I -- Kamada, Y -- Noda, H -- Ueda, T -- Watanabe, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):2019-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10206907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-09-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 13;285(5430):999.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10475850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology/history ; Genetics, Medical/history ; Genome, Human ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; United States
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  • 18
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 4;284(5420):1598-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10383329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Enzyme Inhibitors/*chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Maleic Anhydrides/*chemical synthesis/chemistry
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: A functioning logic gate based on quantum-dot cellular automata is presented, where digital data are encoded in the positions of only two electrons. The logic gate consists of a cell, composed of four dots connected in a ring by tunnel junctions, and two single-dot electrometers. The device is operated by applying inputs to the gates of the cell. The logic AND and OR operations are verified using the electrometer outputs. Theoretical simulations of the logic gate output characteristics are in excellent agreement with experiment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amlani I -- Orlov -- Toth -- Bernstein -- Lent -- Snider -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):289-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. Neuromorphic Information Technology Graduate Center, Budapest, Kende-u.13, H-1111, Hungary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):184-5, 187.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Products/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; *Chemistry, Organic ; *Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drug Design ; Drug Industry ; Organic Chemicals/*chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Organic Chemistry Phenomena ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/*chemical synthesis/chemistry
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collignon, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1855-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; *Gammaretrovirus/immunology ; Humans ; Retroviridae Infections/diagnosis/*transmission ; *Swine/virology ; *Transplantation, Heterologous/adverse effects
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-05-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):578-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10328734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes ; Electrodes, Implanted ; *Electronics ; Electrophysiology ; Humans ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Nervous System Diseases/*therapy ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Silicon ; *Transistors, Electronic
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 1999-01-15
    Description: Mutator genotypes with increased mutation rates may be especially important in microbial evolution if genetic adaptation is generally limited by the supply of mutations. In experimental populations of the bacterium Escherichia coli, the rate of evolutionary adaptation was proportional to the mutation supply rate only in particular circumstances of small or initially well-adapted populations. These experiments also demonstrate a "speed limit" on adaptive evolution in asexual populations, one that is independent of the mutation supply rate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arjan, J A -- Visser, M -- Zeyl, C W -- Gerrish, P J -- Blanchard, J L -- Lenski, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 15;283(5400):404-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. arjan.devisser@algemeen.micr.wau.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9888858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; Escherichia coli/*genetics/physiology ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Linear Models ; *Models, Biological ; *Mutation
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 12;283(5408):1668-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10189320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chromatin/physiology ; DNA/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Replication ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/chemistry/metabolism ; Exodeoxyribonucleases/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Lasers ; Molecular Motor Proteins ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Viral Proteins
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langan, P -- Schoenborn, B P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 5;286(5442):1089.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crystallography/*instrumentation ; *Neutrons ; Proteins/*chemistry ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nilsson, A -- Rose, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 29;286(5441):894.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10577238" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Specimen Banks/legislation & jurisprudence ; Biotechnology ; Ethics Committees ; *Ethics, Research ; *Genetic Privacy ; *Genetic Research ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; *Privacy/legislation & jurisprudence ; Public Policy ; Sweden
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-03-05
    Description: Seismic reflection profiles, petroleum wells, and relocated earthquakes reveal the presence of an active blind-thrust fault beneath metropolitan Los Angeles. A segment of this fault likely caused the 1987 Whittier Narrows (magnitude 6.0) earthquake. Mapped sizes of other fault segments suggest that the system is capable of much larger (magnitude 6.5 to 7) and more destructive earthquakes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shaw -- Shearer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 5;283(5407):1516-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Publication Date: 1999-11-05
    Description: The spatio-temporal evolution of a propagating magma-filled crack was estimated from inversion of Global Positioning System (GPS) data, tiltmeters, and leveling. The dike opened at a maximum rate of 50 millimeters per day and had a peak magma flux of 2 x 10(6) cubic meters per day. Although the spatial resolution was limited, slow upward propagation was resolved during the 9-day-long intrusion. In contrast, the earthquakes migrated rapidly upward during the first 12 hours of the swarm, and nearly all of the seismic energy was released in the first 2 days. Comparison of inversion results with accurate hypocenter locations will lead to improved understanding of magma transport through the brittle crust and of the causes of volcanic seismicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aoki -- Segall -- Kato -- Cervelli -- Shimada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 29;286(5441):927-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2215, USA. Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 1-1, Yayoi 1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan. National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Preve.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10542140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Appenzeller, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2108-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10409068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; Culture Media ; *Ecosystem ; Escherichia coli/*genetics/physiology ; Glucose/metabolism ; Maltose/metabolism ; *Mutation ; Pseudomonas fluorescens/*genetics/physiology ; Selection, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: A "switch" mutant of the Arc repressor homodimer was constructed by interchanging the sequence positions of a hydrophobic core residue, leucine 12, and an adjacent surface polar residue, asparagine 11, in each strand of an intersubunit beta sheet. The mutant protein adopts a fold in which each beta strand is replaced by a right-handed helix and side chains in this region undergo significant repacking. The observed structural changes allow the protein to maintain solvent exposure of polar side chains and optimal burial of hydrophobic side chains. These results suggest that new protein folds can evolve from existing folds without drastic or large-scale mutagenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cordes, M H -- Walsh, N P -- McKnight, C J -- Sauer, R T -- AI-15706/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):325-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Asparagine/chemistry ; Circular Dichroism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Leucine/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Folding ; *Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Repressor Proteins/*chemistry ; Viral Proteins/*chemistry ; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laver, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2089.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10409063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crystallization ; Neuraminidase/*chemistry ; *Space Flight ; *Spacecraft ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; *Weightlessness
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: The Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin protein promotes bacterial entry by binding to host cell integrins with higher affinity than natural substrates such as fibronectin. The 2.3 angstrom crystal structure of the invasin extracellular region reveals five domains that form a 180 angstrom rod with structural similarities to tandem fibronectin type III domains. The integrin-binding surfaces of invasin and fibronectin include similarly located key residues, but in the context of different folds and surface shapes. The structures of invasin and fibronectin provide an example of convergent evolution, in which invasin presents an optimized surface for integrin binding, in comparison with host substrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamburger, Z A -- Brown, M S -- Isberg, R R -- Bjorkman, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):291-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology 156-29, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adhesins, Bacterial ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fibronectins/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Integrins/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Publication Date: 1999-09-25
    Description: The flow of information from calcium-mobilizing receptors to nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-dependent genes is critically dependent on interaction between the phosphatase calcineurin and the transcription factor NFAT. A high-affinity calcineurin-binding peptide was selected from combinatorial peptide libraries based on the calcineurin docking motif of NFAT. This peptide potently inhibited NFAT activation and NFAT-dependent expression of endogenous cytokine genes in T cells, without affecting the expression of other cytokines that require calcineurin but not NFAT. Substitution of the optimized peptide sequence into the natural calcineurin docking site increased the calcineurin responsiveness of NFAT. Compounds that interfere selectively with the calcineurin-NFAT interaction without affecting calcineurin phosphatase activity may be useful as therapeutic agents that are less toxic than current drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aramburu, J -- Yaffe, M B -- Lopez-Rodriguez, C -- Cantley, L C -- Hogan, P G -- Rao, A -- R01 AI 40127/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056203/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL 03601/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R43 AI 43726/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2129-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10497131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Calcineurin/*metabolism ; Calcineurin Inhibitors ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Cytokines/biosynthesis/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Jurkat Cells ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Oligopeptides/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Peptide Library ; Peptides/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/*drug effects/immunology ; Transcription Factors/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Transfection
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, C -- Erbisch, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):33-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9917260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biotechnology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Patents as Topic ; Plants, Genetically Modified/*genetics ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shapiro, H T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2065.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10523197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; *Bioethical Issues ; Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Ethics Committees ; Financing, Government ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Private Sector ; *Public Policy ; Research/*standards ; Research Support as Topic ; *Stem Cells ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colvin, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 28;284(5419):1480.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Duke Comprehensive Cancer Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. colvi003@mc.duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10383327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/history ; Drug Design ; History, 20th Century ; Nobel Prize ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-05-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landick, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):598-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. landick@macc.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10328742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Terminator Regions, Genetic ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Proteins/metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagmann, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 2;285(5424):21-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Genetic Techniques ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; *Mutation ; *Polymorphism, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):33-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10215526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Cardiac Output, Low/*physiopathology ; Chronic Disease ; *Computer Simulation ; Heart/*physiopathology ; Humans ; *Models, Cardiovascular ; *Myocardial Contraction ; Potassium/metabolism ; Potassium Channels/metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-05-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagmann, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 30;284(5415):723, 725.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10336390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; *Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/*genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitehead, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):681.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10577223" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Education/legislation & jurisprudence/standards ; Kansas ; *Politics ; Religion and Science ; Science/*education
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-04-30
    Description: Notch signaling defines an evolutionarily ancient cell interaction mechanism, which plays a fundamental role in metazoan development. Signals exchanged between neighboring cells through the Notch receptor can amplify and consolidate molecular differences, which eventually dictate cell fates. Thus, Notch signals control how cells respond to intrinsic or extrinsic developmental cues that are necessary to unfold specific developmental programs. Notch activity affects the implementation of differentiation, proliferation, and apoptotic programs, providing a general developmental tool to influence organ formation and morphogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Artavanis-Tsakonas, S -- Rand, M D -- Lake, R J -- NS26084/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 30;284(5415):770-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Communication ; Cell Division ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*physiology ; Receptors, Notch ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 1999-09-08
    Description: The confinement of light within a hollow core (a large air hole) in a silica-air photonic crystal fiber is demonstrated. Only certain wavelength bands are confined and guided down the fiber, each band corresponding to the presence of a full two-dimensional band gap in the photonic crystal cladding. Single-mode vacuum waveguides have a multitude of potential applications from ultrahigh-power transmission to the guiding of cold atoms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cregan -- Mangan -- Knight -- Birks -- Russell -- Roberts -- Allan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1537-1539.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Optoelectronics Group, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. Defence Evaluation and Research Agency Malvern, St. Andrews Road, Malvern, Worcs WR14 7HR, UK. Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York 14831, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crow, J F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 12;283(5408):1651-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. jfcrow@facstaff.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10189318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; *GTPase-Activating Proteins ; *Genes, Insect ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Sperm Maturation ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 1999-04-24
    Description: The lack of an adequate hominid fossil record in eastern Africa between 2 and 3 million years ago (Ma) has hampered investigations of early hominid phylogeny. Discovery of 2.5 Ma hominid cranial and dental remains from the Hata beds of Ethiopia's Middle Awash allows recognition of a new species of Australopithecus. This species is descended from Australopithecus afarensis and is a candidate ancestor for early Homo. Contemporary postcranial remains feature a derived humanlike humeral/femoral ratio and an apelike upper arm-to-lower arm ratio.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Asfaw, B -- White, T -- Lovejoy, O -- Latimer, B -- Simpson, S -- Suwa, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):629-35.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rift Valley Research Service, Post Office Box 5717, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10213683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Bones of Upper Extremity/anatomy & histology ; Dentition ; Ethiopia ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Humans ; Leg Bones/anatomy & histology ; Paleodontology ; Phylogeny ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Terminology as Topic ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1826-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Survival ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Mice ; Neurons/cytology ; Oligodendroglia/cytology ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/cytology/*physiology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*therapy ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/cytology
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1265-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/*enzymology ; Brain/*enzymology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Racemases and Epimerases/*genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Serine/*biosynthesis/metabolism ; Stereoisomerism ; Synapses/metabolism
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: Doping dependences of the resistivity and the Hall coefficient are presented for neodymium-doped lanthanum strontium cuprate (La(1.4-x)Nd(0.6)Sr(x)CuO(4)) in the static spin-charge stripe ordered phase. For doping concentration x 〈/= 1/8, a rapid decrease in the magnitude of the Hall coefficient at low temperatures provides evidence for one-dimensional charge transport, whereas for x 〉 1/8, the Hall coefficient remains relatively large in the ordered phase. The results indicate a crossover from one- to two-dimensional charge transport taking place at x = 1/8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noda -- Eisaki -- Uchida -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):265-268.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Superconductivity, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514365" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 1999-11-05
    Description: The last glacial period was terminated by an abrupt warming event in the North Atlantic approximately 15,000 years before the present, and warming events of similar age have been reported from low latitudes. Understanding the mechanism of this termination requires that the precise relative timing of abrupt climate warming in the tropics versus the North Atlantic be known. Nitrogen and argon isotopes in trapped air in Greenland ice show that the Greenland Summit warmed 9 +/- 3 degrees C over a period of several decades, beginning 14,672 years ago. Atmospheric methane concentrations rose abruptly over a approximately 50-year period and began their increase 20 to 30 years after the onset of the abrupt Greenland warming. These data suggest that tropical climate became warmer or wetter (or both) approximately 20 to 80 years after the onset of Greenland warming, supporting a North Atlantic rather than a tropical trigger for the climate event.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Severinghaus -- Brook -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 29;286(5441):930-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Department of Geology, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10542141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 1999-11-05
    Description: The Brca1 (breast cancer gene 1) tumor suppressor protein is phosphorylated in response to DNA damage. Results from this study indicate that the checkpoint protein kinase ATM (mutated in ataxia telangiectasia) was required for phosphorylation of Brca1 in response to ionizing radiation. ATM resides in a complex with Brca1 and phosphorylated Brca1 in vivo and in vitro in a region that contains clusters of serine-glutamine residues. Phosphorylation of this domain appears to be functionally important because a mutated Brca1 protein lacking two phosphorylation sites failed to rescue the radiation hypersensitivity of a Brca1-deficient cell line. Thus, phosphorylation of Brca1 by the checkpoint kinase ATM may be critical for proper responses to DNA double-strand breaks and may provide a molecular explanation for the role of ATM in breast cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cortez, D -- Wang, Y -- Qin, J -- Elledge, S J -- GM44664/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 5;286(5442):1162-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Verna and Mars McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10550055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Ataxia Telangiectasia/genetics ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; BRCA1 Protein/*metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; *DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; DNA, Complementary ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Female ; Gamma Rays ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; HeLa Cells ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-02-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haraldsdottir, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 22;283(5401):487.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9988648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioethics ; Databases, Factual/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Genetic Privacy ; *Genetic Research ; Humans ; Iceland ; Medical Records Systems, Computerized/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Patient Advocacy
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-07-10
    Description: The stress orientation signature of weak faults containing high-pressure fluids has been observed for segments of the San Andreas fault system in southern California. The inferred lithostatic fluid pressures extend into the surrounding relatively intact rock in a zone scaling with the width of the interseismic strain accumulation. Repeated strain-related fracturing and crack sealing may have created low-permeability barriers that seal fluids into the network of currently active fractures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hardebeck -- Hauksson -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):236-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Seismological Laboratory, MC 252-21, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10398596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-05-21
    Description: Ran, a small guanosine triphosphatase, is suggested to have additional functions beyond its well-characterized role in nuclear trafficking. Guanosine triphosphate-bound Ran, but not guanosine diphosphate-bound Ran, stimulated polymerization of astral microtubules from centrosomes assembled on Xenopus sperm. Moreover, a Ran allele with a mutation in the effector domain (RanL43E) induced the formation of microtubule asters and spindle assembly, in the absence of sperm nuclei, in a gammaTuRC (gamma-tubulin ring complex)- and XMAP215 (Xenopus microtubule associated protein)-dependent manner. Therefore, Ran could be a key signaling molecule regulating microtubule polymerization during mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilde, A -- Zheng, Y -- GM56312-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1359-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10334991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Extracts ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Centrosome/physiology ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide/pharmacology ; Dyneins/physiology ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics/*metabolism ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/analysis/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Ovum ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Sperm Head/physiology ; Spindle Apparatus/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Tubulin/analysis/metabolism ; Xenopus ; *Xenopus Proteins ; ran GTP-Binding Protein
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  • 54
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-12-03
    Description: Polypeptides emerging from the ribosome must fold into stable three-dimensional structures and maintain that structure throughout their functional lifetimes. Maintaining quality control over protein structure and function depends on molecular chaperones and proteases, both of which can recognize hydrophobic regions exposed on unfolded polypeptides. Molecular chaperones promote proper protein folding and prevent aggregation, and energy-dependent proteases eliminate irreversibly damaged proteins. The kinetics of partitioning between chaperones and proteases determines whether a protein will be destroyed before it folds properly. When both quality control options fail, damaged proteins accumulate as aggregates, a process associated with amyloid diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickner, S -- Maurizi, M R -- Gottesman, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1888-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10583944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Amyloid/metabolism ; Animals ; Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Chaperones/*metabolism ; Prions/metabolism ; Prokaryotic Cells/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; *Protein Folding ; Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Ubiquitins/metabolism
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 1999-08-14
    Description: A Cenozoic record of hafnium isotopic compositions of central Pacific deep water has been obtained from two ferromanganese crusts. The crusts are separated by more than 3000 kilometers but display similar secular variations. Significant fluctuations in hafnium isotopic composition occurred in the Eocene and Oligocene, possibly related to direct advection from the Indian and Atlantic oceans. Hafnium isotopic compositions have remained approximately uniform for the past 20 million years, probably reflecting increased isolation of the central Pacific. The mechanisms responsible for the increase in (87)Sr/(86)Sr in seawater through the Cenozoic apparently had no effect on central Pacific deep-water hafnium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee -- Halliday -- Hein -- Burton -- Christensen -- Gunther -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 13;285(5430):1052-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Institut fur Isotopengeologie und Mineralische Rohstoffe, Department fur Erdwissenschaften, ETH-Zentrum, NO C61, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10446048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):14-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9917254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dimerization ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, GABA-B/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):80-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10215534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Physiological Phenomena ; *Computer Simulation ; *Genes ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Models, Biological ; Mycoplasma/*genetics/physiology ; Software
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shastri, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 10;285(5434):1673-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10523181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Infant ; *Learning ; *Mathematics ; *Neural Networks (Computer)
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 1999-12-22
    Description: The SGS1 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a DNA helicase with homology to the human Bloom's syndrome gene BLM and the Werner's syndrome gene WRN. The SRS2 gene of yeast also encodes a DNA helicase. Simultaneous deletion of SGS1 and SRS2 is lethal in yeast. Here, using a conditional mutation of SGS1, it is shown that DNA replication and RNA polymerase I transcription are drastically inhibited in the srs2Delta sgs1-ts strain at the restrictive temperature. Thus, SGS1 and SRS2 function in DNA replication and RNA polymerase I transcription. These functions may contribute to the various defects observed in Werner's and Bloom's syndromes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, S K -- Johnson, R E -- Yu, S L -- Prakash, L -- Prakash, S -- CA80882/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM19261/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2339-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sealy Center for Molecular Science, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 6.104 Medical Research Building, 11th and Mechanic Streets, Galveston, TX 77555-1061, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bloom Syndrome/genetics ; Codon ; DNA Helicases/genetics/*physiology ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Fungal/biosynthesis ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Gene Deletion ; Genes, Fungal ; Humans ; Mutation ; RNA Polymerase I/metabolism ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; RNA Polymerase III/metabolism ; RNA, Fungal/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal/biosynthesis ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acid-Specific/biosynthesis ; RecQ Helicases ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Werner Syndrome/genetics
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2038-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10523188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/*genetics ; Contig Mapping ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 1999-04-30
    Description: Infection of macaques with chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) provides an excellent in vivo model for examining the influence of envelope on HIV-1 pathogenesis. Infection with a pathogenic CCR5 (R5)-specific enveloped virus, SHIVSF162P, was compared with infection with the CXCR4 (X4)-specific SHIVSF33A.2. Despite comparable levels of viral replication, animals infected with the R5 and X4 SHIV had distinct pathogenic outcomes. SHIVSF162P caused a dramatic loss of CD4+ intestinal T cells followed by a gradual depletion in peripheral CD4+ T cells, whereas infection with SHIVSF33A.2 caused a profound loss in peripheral T cells that was not paralleled in the intestine. These results suggest a critical role of co-receptor utilization in viral pathogenesis and provide a reliable in vivo model for preclinical examination of HIV-1 vaccines and therapeutic agents in the context of the HIV-1 envelope protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harouse, J M -- Gettie, A -- Tan, R C -- Blanchard, J -- Cheng-Mayer, C -- AI41945/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA72822/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI041945/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA072822/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 30;284(5415):816-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*virology ; Animals ; *CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Chimera ; Colon/immunology ; HIV-1/genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology ; Jejunum/immunology ; Macaca mulatta ; Reassortant Viruses ; Receptors, CCR5/*metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4/*metabolism ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Viral Load ; Viremia ; Virus Replication
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 1999-11-27
    Description: X-ray crystal structures of three species related to the oxidative half of the reaction of the copper-containing quinoprotein amine oxidase from Escherichia coli have been determined. Crystals were freeze-trapped either anaerobically or aerobically after exposure to substrate, and structures were determined to resolutions between 2.1 and 2.4 angstroms. The oxidation state of the quinone cofactor was investigated by single-crystal spectrophotometry. The structures reveal the site of bound dioxygen and the proton transfer pathways involved in oxygen reduction. The quinone cofactor is regenerated from the iminoquinone intermediate by hydrolysis involving Asp383, the catalytic base in the reductive half-reaction. Product aldehyde inhibits the hydrolysis, making release of product the rate-determining step of the reaction in the crystal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilmot, C M -- Hajdu, J -- McPherson, M J -- Knowles, P F -- Phillips, S E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 26;286(5445):1724-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10576737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Anaerobiosis ; Aspartic Acid/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Copper/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Electrons ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Phenethylamines/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protons ; Spectrum Analysis
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 1999-04-24
    Description: Electron solvation dynamics in photoexcited anion clusters of I-(D2O)n=4-6 and I-(H2O)4-6 were probed by using femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy (FPES). An ultrafast pump pulse excited the anion to the cluster analog of the charge-transfer-to-solvent state seen for I- in aqueous solution. Evolution of this state was monitored by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using an ultrafast probe pulse. The excited n = 4 clusters showed simple population decay, but in the n = 5 and 6 clusters the solvent molecules rearranged to stabilize and localize the excess electron, showing characteristics associated with electron solvation dynamics in bulk water. Comparison of the FPES of I-(D2O)n with I-(H2O)n indicates more rapid solvation in the H2O clusters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lehr -- Zanni -- Frischkorn -- Weinkauf -- Neumark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):635-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10213684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sherley, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 10;285(5434):1676-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10523183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Vectors ; Operator Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; *Research Design ; Tetracycline/*pharmacology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 1999-10-03
    Description: Precursors of alpha-defensin peptides require activation for bactericidal activity. In mouse small intestine, matrilysin colocalized with alpha-defensins (cryptdins) in Paneth cell granules, and in vitro it cleaved the pro segment from cryptdin precursors. Matrilysin-deficient (MAT-/-) mice lacked mature cryptdins and accumulated precursor molecules. Intestinal peptide preparations from MAT-/- mice had decreased antimicrobial activity. Orally administered bacteria survived in greater numbers and were more virulent in MAT-/- mice than in MAT+/+ mice. Thus, matrilysin functions in intestinal mucosal defense by regulating the activity of defensins, which may be a common role for this metalloproteinase in its numerous epithelial sites of expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, C L -- Ouellette, A J -- Satchell, D P -- Ayabe, T -- Lopez-Boado, Y S -- Stratman, J L -- Hultgren, S J -- Matrisian, L M -- Parks, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):113-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. wilson_c@kids.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Catalysis ; Cytoplasmic Granules/enzymology ; Escherichia coli/growth & development ; Escherichia coli Infections/immunology/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; *Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestinal Mucosa/enzymology/immunology/microbiology ; Intestine, Small/enzymology/*immunology/microbiology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Paneth Cells/enzymology ; Protein Precursors/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Salmonella typhimurium/growth & development/pathogenicity ; Tissue Extracts/pharmacology
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Av-Gay, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 4;284(5420):1621.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10383337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/*genetics/pathogenicity ; *Biotechnology ; *Containment of Biohazards ; Ecosystem ; *Genetic Engineering ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; United States ; Viruses/*genetics/pathogenicity
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-05-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):572-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10328732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ethiopia ; Facial Bones/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/classification ; Humans ; Paleodontology ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
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  • 68
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: If the fraction of species in area A that are also found in one-half of that area is independent of A, the distribution of species is self-similar and a number of observed patterns in ecology, including the widely cited species-area relationship connecting species richness to censused area, follow. Self-similarity also leads to a species-abundance distribution, which deviates considerably from the commonly assumed lognormal distribution and predicts considerably more rare species than the latter. Because the abundance distribution is derived under the condition of self-similarity, it may be widely applicable beyond ecology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harte -- Kinzig -- Green -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):334-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 1999-11-24
    Description: Compounds with strong thermodynamic affinity for carbon dioxide (CO(2)) have been designed and synthesized that dissolve in CO(2), then associate to form gels. Upon removal of the CO(2), these gels produced free-standing foams with cells with an average diameter smaller than 1 micrometer and a bulk density reduction of 97 percent relative to the parent material.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shi -- Huang -- Kilic -- Xu -- Enick -- Beckman -- Carr -- Melendez -- Hamilton -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 19;286(5444):1540-1543.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10567255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 1999-09-18
    Description: The antifungal defense of Drosophila is controlled by the spaetzle/Toll/cactus gene cassette. Here, a loss-of-function mutation in the gene encoding a blood serine protease inhibitor, Spn43Ac, was shown to lead to constitutive expression of the antifungal peptide drosomycin, and this effect was mediated by the spaetzle and Toll gene products. Spaetzle was cleaved by proteolytic enzymes to its active ligand form shortly after immune challenge, and cleaved Spaetzle was constitutively present in Spn43Ac-deficient flies. Hence, Spn43Ac negatively regulates the Toll signaling pathway, and Toll does not function as a pattern recognition receptor in the Drosophila host defense.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levashina, E A -- Langley, E -- Green, C -- Gubb, D -- Ashburner, M -- Hoffmann, J A -- Reichhart, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1917-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UPR 9022 CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, 15 Rue Rene Descartes, Strasbourg 67084, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antifungal Agents/*metabolism ; *Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; Body Patterning ; Drosophila/embryology/genetics/*immunology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Escherichia coli/genetics/immunology ; Genes, Insect ; Hemolymph/metabolism ; Insect Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Micrococcus luteus/immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Peptides/genetics/metabolism ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Serpins/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Up-Regulation
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: Dense genetic maps of human, mouse, and rat genomes that are based on coding genes and on microsatellite and single-nucleotide polymorphism markers have been complemented by precise gene homolog alignment with moderate-resolution maps of livestock, companion animals, and additional mammal species. Comparative genetic assessment expands the utility of these maps in gene discovery, in functional genomics, and in tracking the evolutionary forces that sculpted the genome organization of modern mammalian species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, S J -- Menotti-Raymond, M -- Murphy, W J -- Nash, W G -- Wienberg, J -- Stanyon, R -- Copeland, N G -- Jenkins, N A -- Womack, J E -- Marshall Graves, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):458-62, 479-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10521336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/genetics ; Base Sequence ; *Chromosome Mapping ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Markers ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mammals/*genetics ; Mutation ; *Phylogeny ; Rodentia/genetics
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 1999-09-25
    Description: The 7.8 angstrom crystal structure of the 70S ribosome reveals a discrete double-helical bridge (B4) that projects from the 50S subunit, making contact with the 30S subunit. Preliminary modeling studies localized its contact site, near the bottom of the platform, to the binding site for ribosomal protein S15. Directed hydroxyl radical probing from iron(II) tethered to S15 specifically cleaved nucleotides in the 715 loop of domain II of 23S ribosomal RNA, one of the known sites in 23S ribosomal RNA that are footprinted by the 30S subunit. Reconstitution studies show that protection of the 715 loop, but none of the other 30S-dependent protections, is correlated with the presence of S15 in the 30S subunit. The 715 loop is specifically protected by binding free S15 to 50S subunits. Moreover, the previously determined structure of a homologous stem-loop from U2 small nuclear RNA fits closely to the electron density of the bridge.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culver, G M -- Cate, J H -- Yusupova, G Z -- Yusupov, M M -- Noller, H F -- 1F32GM18065-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-17129/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-59140/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2133-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, Sinsheimer Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10497132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/chemistry ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Bacterial/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Small Nuclear/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Thermus thermophilus/chemistry
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-10-26
    Description: Katanin, a member of the AAA adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) superfamily, uses nucleotide hydrolysis energy to sever and disassemble microtubules. Many AAA enzymes disassemble stable protein-protein complexes, but their mechanisms are not well understood. A fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay demonstrated that the p60 subunit of katanin oligomerized in an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)- and microtubule-dependent manner. Oligomerization increased the affinity of katanin for microtubules and stimulated its ATPase activity. After hydrolysis of ATP, microtubule-bound katanin oligomers disassembled microtubules and then dissociated into free katanin monomers. Coupling a nucleotide-dependent oligomerization cycle to the disassembly of a target protein complex may be a general feature of ATP-hydrolyzing AAA domains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hartman, J J -- Vale, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):782-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531065" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Fluorescence ; Hydrolysis ; Luminescent Proteins ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymers ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Tubulin/metabolism
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 1999-06-12
    Description: To monitor changes in alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptor distribution in living neurons, the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 was tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP). This protein (GluR1-GFP) was functional and was transiently expressed in hippocampal CA1 neurons. In dendrites visualized with two-photon laser scanning microscopy or electron microscopy, most of the GluR1-GFP was intracellular, mimicking endogenous GluR1 distribution. Tetanic synaptic stimulation induced a rapid delivery of tagged receptors into dendritic spines as well as clusters in dendrites. These postsynaptic trafficking events required synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation and may contribute to the enhanced AMPA receptor-mediatedtransmission observed during long-term potentiation and activity-dependent synaptic maturation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shi, S H -- Hayashi, Y -- Petralia, R S -- Zaman, S H -- Wenthold, R J -- Svoboda, K -- Malinow, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1811-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendrites/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Electric Stimulation ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; Humans ; Long-Term Potentiation ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/*physiology ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Rats ; Receptor Aggregation ; Receptors, AMPA/*metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Tetany
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  • 75
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ayala, F J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1773.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10391790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Religion and Science
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  • 76
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-02-26
    Description: Density measurements on several hydrous (〈/=19 mole percent of H2O) silicate melts demonstrate that dissolved water has a partial molar volume (V&cjs1171;H2O) that is independent of the silicate melt composition, the total water concentration, and the speciation of water. The derived value for V&cjs1171;H2O is 22.9 +/- 0.6 cubic centimeters per mole at 1000 degrees C and 1 bar of pressure, whereas the partial molar thermal expansivity ( partial differentialV&cjs1171;H2O/ partial differentialT) and compressibility ( partial differentialV&cjs1171;H2O/ partial differentialP) are 9.5 +/- 0.8 x 10(-3) cubic centimeters per mole per kelvin and -3.2 +/- 0.6 x 10(-4) cubic centimeters per mole per bar, respectively. The effect of 1 weight percent dissolved H2O on the density of a basaltic melt is equivalent to increasing the temperature of the melt by approximately 400 degrees C or decreasing the pressure of the melt by approximately 500 megapascals. These measurements are used to illustrate the viability of plagioclase sinking in iron-rich basaltic liquids and the dominance of compositional convection in hydrous magma chambers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ochs 3rd -- Lange -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1314-1317.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10037599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 77
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, I A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1867-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. wilson@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Peptides/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-02-05
    Description: Traditionally, the interest of population and evolutionary biologists in infectious diseases has been almost exclusively in their role as agents of natural selection in higher organisms. Recently, this interest has expanded to include the genetic structure and evolution of microparasite populations, the mechanisms of pathogenesis and the immune response, and the population biology, ecology, and evolutionary consequences of medical and public health interventions. This article describes recent work in these areas, emphasizing the ways in which quantitative, population-biological approaches have been contributing to the understanding of infectious disease and the design and evaluation of interventions for their treatment and prevention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levin, B R -- Lipsitch, M -- Bonhoeffer, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 5;283(5403):806-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9933155" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biological Evolution ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Humans ; Infection/immunology/*microbiology ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Parasites/genetics/physiology ; Parasitic Diseases/immunology/*parasitology ; Population Dynamics ; Vaccination ; Virus Physiological Phenomena
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 1999-08-07
    Description: The functions of many open reading frames (ORFs) identified in genome-sequencing projects are unknown. New, whole-genome approaches are required to systematically determine their function. A total of 6925 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were constructed, by a high-throughput strategy, each with a precise deletion of one of 2026 ORFs (more than one-third of the ORFs in the genome). Of the deleted ORFs, 17 percent were essential for viability in rich medium. The phenotypes of more than 500 deletion strains were assayed in parallel. Of the deletion strains, 40 percent showed quantitative growth defects in either rich or minimal medium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winzeler, E A -- Shoemaker, D D -- Astromoff, A -- Liang, H -- Anderson, K -- Andre, B -- Bangham, R -- Benito, R -- Boeke, J D -- Bussey, H -- Chu, A M -- Connelly, C -- Davis, K -- Dietrich, F -- Dow, S W -- El Bakkoury, M -- Foury, F -- Friend, S H -- Gentalen, E -- Giaever, G -- Hegemann, J H -- Jones, T -- Laub, M -- Liao, H -- Liebundguth, N -- Lockhart, D J -- Lucau-Danila, A -- Lussier, M -- M'Rabet, N -- Menard, P -- Mittmann, M -- Pai, C -- Rebischung, C -- Revuelta, J L -- Riles, L -- Roberts, C J -- Ross-MacDonald, P -- Scherens, B -- Snyder, M -- Sookhai-Mahadeo, S -- Storms, R K -- Veronneau, S -- Voet, M -- Volckaert, G -- Ward, T R -- Wysocki, R -- Yen, G S -- Yu, K -- Zimmermann, K -- Philippsen, P -- Johnston, M -- Davis, R W -- HG00185-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG01627/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG01633/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 6;285(5429):901-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10436161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Culture Media ; *Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Gene Targeting ; *Genes, Essential ; Genes, Fungal ; *Genome, Fungal ; *Open Reading Frames ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombination, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/growth & development
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 1999-03-19
    Description: Studies on the long-term degradation of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) based on tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (AlQ3), the most widely used electroluminescent molecule, reveal that injection of holes in AlQ3 is the main cause of device degradation. The transport of holes into AlQ3 caused a decrease in its fluorescence quantum efficiency, thus showing that cationic AlQ3 species are unstable and that their degradation products are fluorescence quenchers. These findings explain the success of different approaches to stabilizing OLEDs, such as doping of the hole transport layer, introducing a buffer layer at the hole-injecting contact, and using mixed emitting layers of hole and electron transporting molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aziz -- Popovic -- Hu -- Hor -- Xu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 19;283(5409):1900-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Xerox Research Centre of Canada, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10082460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 1999-12-11
    Description: Dipterocarpaceae, the dominant family of Bornean canopy trees, display the unusual reproductive strategy of strict interspecific mast-fruiting. During 1986-99, more than 50 dipterocarp species dispersed seed only within a 1- to 2-month period every 3 to 4 years during El Nino-Southern Oscillation events. Synchronous seed production occurred across extensive areas and was essential for satiating seed predators. Logging of dipterocarps reduced the extent and intensity of these reproductive episodes and exacerbated local El Nino conditions. Viable seed and seedling establishment have declined as a result of climate, logging, and predators. Since 1991, dipterocarps have experienced recruitment failure within a national park, now surrounded by logged forest.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curran -- Caniago I -- Paoli -- Astianti -- Kusneti -- Leighton -- Nirarita -- Haeruman -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 10;286(5447):2184-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. U.S. Agency for International Development-Natural Resource Management, Pontianak, West Kalimantan 78121, Indonenia. D.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10591655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 1999-08-28
    Description: Class II transactivator (CIITA) is a global transcriptional coactivator of human leukocyte antigen-D (HLA-D) genes. CIITA contains motifs similar to guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins. This report shows that CIITA binds GTP, and mutations in these motifs decrease its GTP-binding and transactivation activity. Substitution of these motifs with analogous sequences from Ras restores CIITA function. CIITA exhibits little GTPase activity, yet mutations in CIITA that confer GTPase activity reduce transcriptional activity. GTP binding by CIITA correlates with nuclear import. Thus, unlike other GTP-binding proteins, CIITA is involved in transcriptional activation that uses GTP binding to facilitate its own nuclear import.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harton, J A -- Cressman, D E -- Chin, K C -- Der, C J -- Ting, J P -- AI29564/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI41751/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI45580/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 27;285(5432):1402-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10464099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; COS Cells ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Genes, MHC Class II ; Guanosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; HLA-DR Antigens/genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Temperature ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 1999-09-25
    Description: Mass mortalities due to disease outbreaks have recently affected major taxa in the oceans. For closely monitored groups like corals and marine mammals, reports of the frequency of epidemics and the number of new diseases have increased recently. A dramatic global increase in the severity of coral bleaching in 1997-98 is coincident with high El Nino temperatures. Such climate-mediated, physiological stresses may compromise host resistance and increase frequency of opportunistic diseases. Where documented, new diseases typically have emerged through host or range shifts of known pathogens. Both climate and human activities may have also accelerated global transport of species, bringing together pathogens and previously unexposed host populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harvell, C D -- Kim, K -- Burkholder, J M -- Colwell, R R -- Epstein, P R -- Grimes, D J -- Hofmann, E E -- Lipp, E K -- Osterhaus, A D -- Overstreet, R M -- Porter, J W -- Smith, G W -- Vasta, G R -- 1PO1 ES09563/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1505-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10498537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquaculture ; *Climate ; Cnidaria ; *Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Humans ; Infection/epidemiology/*etiology/transmission/*veterinary ; *Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Water Pollution
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 1999-12-11
    Description: Natural antibodies are often dismissed from immunological analysis as "background," but they may play an important role in conferring immunity against infections. In antibody-free mice infected with various viruses or with Listeria monocytogenes, viral or bacterial titers in peripheral organs, including the kidney and brain, were 10 to 100 times greater than in antibody-competent mice (and enhanced their susceptibility to some infections), and titers in secondary lymphoid organs were 10 to 100 times lower than in antibody-competent mice. Thus, natural antibodies play a crucial role by preventing pathogen dissemination to vital organs and by improving immunogenicity through enhanced antigen-trapping in secondary lymphoid organs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ochsenbein, A F -- Fehr, T -- Lutz, C -- Suter, M -- Brombacher, F -- Hengartner, H -- Zinkernagel, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 10;286(5447):2156-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10591647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/blood/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology ; Bacterial Infections/*immunology/microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; *Immunity, Innate ; Immunoglobulin M/blood/*immunology ; Kidney/microbiology/virology ; Listeria monocytogenes/immunology/physiology ; Listeriosis/immunology ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/immunology/physiology ; Lymphoid Tissue/immunology/microbiology/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutralization Tests ; Rhabdoviridae Infections/immunology/virology ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Spleen/microbiology/virology ; Vaccinia virus/immunology/physiology ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/immunology/physiology ; Virus Diseases/*immunology/virology ; Virus Replication
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  • 85
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-03-26
    Description: It is necessary to understand ground-motion amplification by sediment, defined as the ratio of ground motions at sediment sites to those at rock sites, to predict seismic loadings for earthquake engineering. At sediment sites, observed weak-motion amplifications from magnitude 3 to 4 aftershocks of the 1994 Northridge earthquake were twice as large as magnitude 6.7 mainshock amplifications. Amplitude-dependent (nonlinear) amplification by sediment is one explanation. However, earthquake simulations with empirical impulse responses and elastic finite-difference calculations with weakly heterogeneous, random three-dimensional (3D) crustal velocity variations show that linear wave propagation can explain observed (apparently nonlinear) sediment responses. Random 3D velocity variations also reproduce the observed log-normal dispersion of peak ground motions. Deterministic wave propagation models are not adequate to quantify the scaling and dispersion of near-source ground motions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Connell -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):2045-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Box 25007 D-8330, Denver, CO 80225, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10092220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curry, M -- Hazard-Daniel, A -- Daniel, H J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1854-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Dietary Supplements/adverse effects ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; *Legislation, Drug ; *Legislation, Food ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 1999-01-23
    Description: The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates potassium and chloride ion channels at the plasma membrane of guard cells, leading to stomatal closure that reduces transpirational water loss from the leaf. The tobacco Nt-SYR1 gene encodes a syntaxin that is associated with the plasma membrane. Syntaxins and related SNARE proteins aid intracellular vesicle trafficking, fusion, and secretion. Disrupting Nt-Syr1 function by cleavage with Clostridium botulinum type C toxin or competition with a soluble fragment of Nt-Syr1 prevents potassium and chloride ion channel response to ABA in guard cells and implicates Nt-Syr1 in an ABA-signaling cascade.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leyman, B -- Geelen, D -- Quintero, F J -- Blatt, M R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 22;283(5401):537-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of London, Wye College, Wye, Kent TN25 5AH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9915701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abscisic Acid/*pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Botulinum Toxins/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Chloride Channels/*physiology ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Ion Channel Gating/drug effects ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Plant Growth Regulators/*pharmacology ; Plant Leaves/*physiology ; *Plants, Toxic ; Potassium Channels/*physiology ; Qa-SNARE Proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/growth & development ; Signal Transduction ; Tobacco/genetics/*physiology ; Xenopus
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wojcik, J F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):663.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10454918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; *Religion and Science
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-08
    Description: Humans show considerable interindividual variation in susceptibility to weight gain in response to overeating. The physiological basis of this variation was investigated by measuring changes in energy storage and expenditure in 16 nonobese volunteers who were fed 1000 kilocalories per day in excess of weight-maintenance requirements for 8 weeks. Two-thirds of the increases in total daily energy expenditure was due to increased nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), which is associated with fidgeting, maintenance of posture, and other physical activities of daily life. Changes in NEAT accounted for the 10-fold differences in fat storage that occurred and directly predicted resistance to fat gain with overfeeding (correlation coefficient = 0.77, probability 〈 0.001). These results suggest that as humans overeat, activation of NEAT dissipates excess energy to preserve leanness and that failure to activate NEAT may result in ready fat gain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, J A -- Eberhardt, N L -- Jensen, M D -- DK45343/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK50456/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR00535/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 8;283(5399):212-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9880251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activities of Daily Living ; *Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Basal Metabolism ; Body Composition ; Calorimetry, Indirect ; *Energy Intake ; *Energy Metabolism ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperphagia/*physiopathology ; Male ; *Movement ; Posture ; *Weight Gain
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  • 90
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without a change in DNA sequence. Epigenetic phenomena have major economic and medical relevance, and several, such as imprinting and paramutation, violate Mendelian principles. Recent discoveries link the recognition of nucleic acid sequence homology to the targeting of DNA methylation, chromosome remodeling, and RNA turnover. Although epigenetic mechanisms help to protect cells from parasitic elements, this defense can complicate the genetic manipulation of plants and animals. Essential for normal development, epigenetic controls become misdirected in cancer cells and other human disease syndromes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolffe, A P -- Matzke, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):481-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Embryology, National Institute of Child Heath and Human Development, NIH, Building 18T, Room 106, Bethesda, MD 20892-5431, USA. awlme@helix.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10521337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA Methylation ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Gene Silencing ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics ; Genome ; Humans ; Neoplasms/genetics ; RNA/genetics/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haseltine, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 6;285(5429):835-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10454929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chemistry, Organic ; Organic Chemicals/*chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Organic Chemistry Phenomena
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-09-18
    Description: Ultrasonic deposition creates a thin film of polymer on a tubular, macroporous, stainless steel support. Using polyfurfuryl alcohol as the nanoporous carbon precursor and a pyrolysis temperature of 723 kelvin, a membrane was prepared with the following permeances, measured in moles per square meter per Pascal per second: nitrogen, 1.8 x 10(-12); oxygen, 5.6 x 10(-11); helium, 3.3 x 10(-10); and hydrogen, 6.1 x 10(-10). The ideal separation factors as compared to that for nitrogen are 30:1, 178:1, and 331:1 for oxygen, helium, and hydrogen, respectively.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shiflett -- Foley -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1902-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉DuPont Central Research and Development, Experimental Station, Wilmington, DE 19880, USA. Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉L'Heureux, N -- Germain, L -- Auger, F A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 4;284(5420):1621-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10383338" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomedical Engineering ; *Blood Vessels/physiology/transplantation ; *Culture Techniques ; Dogs ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) is an 80-kilodalton protein that is critical for stabilizing contacts between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. In CD2AP-deficient mice, immune function was compromised, but the mice died at 6 to 7 weeks of age from renal failure. In the kidney, CD2AP was expressed primarily in glomerular epithelial cells. Knockout mice exhibited defects in epithelial cell foot processes, accompanied by mesangial cell hyperplasia and extracellular matrix deposition. Supporting a role for CD2AP in the specialized cell junction known as the slit diaphragm, CD2AP associated with nephrin, the primary component of the slit diaphragm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shih, N Y -- Li, J -- Karpitskii, V -- Nguyen, A -- Dustin, M L -- Kanagawa, O -- Miner, J H -- Shaw, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):312-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Immunology and Department of Pathology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Basement Membrane/ultrastructure ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism ; Glomerular Mesangium/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Intercellular Junctions/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Kidney Glomerulus/blood supply/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nephrotic Syndrome/*congenital/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 1999-11-05
    Description: Glutamatergic neurotransmission is controlled by presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). A subdomain in the intracellular carboxyl-terminal tail of group III mGluRs binds calmodulin and heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein (G protein) betagamma subunits in a mutually exclusive manner. Mutations interfering with calmodulin binding and calmodulin antagonists inhibit G protein-mediated modulation of ionic currents by mGluR 7. Calmodulin antagonists also prevent inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission via presynaptic mGluRs. These results reveal a novel mechanism of presynaptic modulation in which Ca(2+)-calmodulin is required to release G protein betagamma subunits from the C-tail of group III mGluRs in order to mediate glutamatergic autoinhibition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Connor, V -- El Far, O -- Bofill-Cardona, E -- Nanoff, C -- Freissmuth, M -- Karschin, A -- Airas, J M -- Betz, H -- Boehm, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 5;286(5442):1180-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Deutschordenstrasse 46, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10550060" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calmodulin/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dimerization ; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/*metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; *Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; Presynaptic Terminals/metabolism ; Propionates/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sesterterpenes ; Signal Transduction ; Swine ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Terpenes/pharmacology
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 1999-08-07
    Description: Ultrafast magnetic field pulses as short as 2 picoseconds are able to reverse the magnetization in thin, in-plane, magnetized cobalt films. The field pulses are applied in the plane of the film, and their direction encompasses all angles with the magnetization. At a right angle to the magnetization, maximum torque is exerted on the spins. In this geometry, a precessional magnetization reversal can be triggered by fields as small as 184 kiloamperes per meter. Applications in future ultrafast magnetic recording schemes can be foreseen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Back -- Allenspach -- Weber -- Parkin -- Weller -- Garwin -- Siegmann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 6;285(5429):864-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratorium fur Festkorperphysik, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland. IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10436149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: Regulation of circadian period in humans was thought to differ from that of other species, with the period of the activity rhythm reported to range from 13 to 65 hours (median 25.2 hours) and the period of the body temperature rhythm reported to average 25 hours in adulthood, and to shorten with age. However, those observations were based on studies of humans exposed to light levels sufficient to confound circadian period estimation. Precise estimation of the periods of the endogenous circadian rhythms of melatonin, core body temperature, and cortisol in healthy young and older individuals living in carefully controlled lighting conditions has now revealed that the intrinsic period of the human circadian pacemaker averages 24.18 hours in both age groups, with a tight distribution consistent with other species. These findings have important implications for understanding the pathophysiology of disrupted sleep in older people.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Czeisler, C A -- Duffy, J F -- Shanahan, T L -- Brown, E N -- Mitchell, J F -- Rimmer, D W -- Ronda, J M -- Silva, E J -- Allan, J S -- Emens, J S -- Dijk, D J -- Kronauer, R E -- MO1-RR02635/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P01-AG09975/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM53559/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2177-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Sleep Disorders Section, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10381883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aging/*physiology ; Biological Clocks/genetics/*physiology ; Body Temperature ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology ; Darkness ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Light ; Male ; Melatonin/blood ; Middle Aged ; Sleep
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 1999-02-26
    Description: Chlamydia infections are epidemiologically linked to human heart disease. A peptide from the murine heart muscle-specific alpha myosin heavy chain that has sequence homology to the 60-kilodalton cysteine-rich outer membrane proteins of Chlamydia pneumoniae, C. psittaci, and C. trachomatis was shown to induce autoimmune inflammatory heart disease in mice. Injection of the homologous Chlamydia peptides into mice also induced perivascular inflammation, fibrotic changes, and blood vessel occlusion in the heart, as well as triggering T and B cell reactivity to the homologous endogenous heart muscle-specific peptide. Chlamydia DNA functioned as an adjuvant in the triggering of peptide-induced inflammatory heart disease. Infection with C. trachomatis led to the production of autoantibodies to heart muscle-specific epitopes. Thus, Chlamydia-mediated heart disease is induced by antigenic mimicry of a heart muscle-specific protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bachmaier, K -- Neu, N -- de la Maza, L M -- Pal, S -- Hessel, A -- Penninger, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1335-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Amgen Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10037605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adoptive Transfer ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry/immunology ; Autoantibodies/biosynthesis ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology/*microbiology/pathology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Chlamydia/*immunology ; Chlamydia Infections/complications/*immunology ; Chlamydia trachomatis/immunology ; CpG Islands ; Humans ; Immunization ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; *Molecular Mimicry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Myocarditis/immunology/*microbiology/pathology ; Myocardium/immunology/pathology ; Myosin Heavy Chains/chemistry/*immunology ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/immunology ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 1999-05-29
    Description: Endoglin is a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) binding protein expressed on the surface of endothelial cells. Loss-of-function mutations in the human endoglin gene ENG cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT1), a disease characterized by vascular malformations. Here it is shown that by gestational day 11.5, mice lacking endoglin die from defective vascular development. However, in contrast to mice lacking TGF-beta, vasculogenesis was unaffected. Loss of endoglin caused poor vascular smooth muscle development and arrested endothelial remodeling. These results demonstrate that endoglin is essential for angiogenesis and suggest a pathogenic mechanism for HHT1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, D Y -- Sorensen, L K -- Brooke, B S -- Urness, L D -- Davis, E C -- Taylor, D G -- Boak, B B -- Wendel, D P -- K08 HL03490-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T35 HL07744-06/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 28;284(5419):1534-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Human Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5330, USA. dean.li@hci.utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10348742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD31/analysis ; Blood Vessels/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Crosses, Genetic ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Electron ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology/*embryology ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics/*physiology ; Yolk Sac/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolpoff, M H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1774-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10391795" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Hominidae/*classification/genetics ; Humans ; Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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