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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (10,411)
  • 1995-1999  (10,411)
  • 1996  (10,411)
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  • 1995-1999  (10,411)
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  • 1
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    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6495-6509 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We show that the action of the special conformal transformations of the usual (undeformed) conformal group is the q→1 scaling limit of the braided adjoint action or R-commutator of q-Minkowski space on itself. We also describe the q-deformed conformal algebra in R-matrix form and its quasi-* structure. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6486-6494 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In a recent article by the first author [J. Math. Phys. 35, 6199–6212 (1994)] the essential spectrum of transport operator was analyzed in Lp-spaces for p∈(1,+∞). The purpose of the present work is to extend this analysis to the case of L1-spaces. After establishing preliminary results we define the notion of the weak spectrum which we characterize by means of Fredholm operators. We show, in particular, that in L1-spaces the weak spectrum is nothing else but the essential spectrum. Using the same techniques as in the above-mentioned work, we prove the stability of the essential spectrum of a one-dimensional transport operator with general boundary conditions where an abstract boundary operator relates the incoming and the outgoing fluxes. Sufficient conditions are given in terms of boundary and collision operators, assuring the stability of the essential spectrum. We show also that our results remain valid for neutron transport operators in arbitrary dimension. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6510-6529 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we continue with the program to explore the topography of the space of W-type algebras. In the present case, the starting point is the work of Khesin, Lyubashenko, and Roger on the algebra of q-deformed pseudodifferential symbols and their associated integrable hierarchies. The analysis goes on by studying the associated Hamiltonian structures for which compact expressions are found. The fundamental Poisson brackets yield q-deformations of WKP and related W-type algebras which, in specific cases, coincide with the ones constructed by Frenkel and Reshetikhin. The construction underlies a continuous correspondence between the Hamiltonian structures of the Toda lattice and the KP hierarchies. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6570-6581 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Complete orbit–orbit branching rules are found for the classical algebra–maximal reductive subalgebra pairs Am+n+1⊃Am⊕An⊕u(1), Bm+1⊃Bm⊕u(1), Cm+1⊃Am⊕u(1), Dm+1⊃Dm⊕u(1), and Dm+1⊃Am⊕u(1). © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6586-6589 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We discuss the differing definitions of complex and quaternionic projective group representations employed by us and by Emch. The definition of Emch (termed here a strong projective representation) is too restrictive to accommodate quaternionic Hilbert space embeddings of complex projective representations. Our definition (termed here a weak projective representation) encompasses such embeddings, and leads to a detailed theory of quaternionic, as well as complex, projective group representations. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
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    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6590-6590 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
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  • 7
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5297-5309 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Supersymmetric quantum mechanics cannot be deformed when the superposition of only a pair of usual bosons and fermions is considered, but it can if nontrivial parabosons and parafermions of the same order p of paraquantization are superposed. We take the simplest case p=2 and exhibit reducibility problems in that context by using Green–Cusson Ansätze following Macfarlane methods. Specific representations of the Lie superalgebra osp (2|2, R) play an interesting role in connection with possible deformations. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5325-5336 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The Yang–Mills-type theories and their BRS cohomologies are analyzed within the zero curvature formalism. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 9
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5380-5401 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We use Greechie diagrams to construct finite orthomodular lattices "realizable'' in the orthomodular lattice of subspaces in a three-dimensional Hilbert space such that the set of two-valued states is not "large'' (i.e., full, separating, unital, nonempty, resp.). We discuss the number of elements of such orthomodular lattices, of their sets of (ortho)generators and of their subsets that do not admit a "large'' set of two-valued states. We show connections with other results of this type. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5429-5443 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: It has recently been shown, by application of statistical mechanical methods to determine the canonical ensemble governing the equilibrium distribution of operator initial values, that complex quantum field theory can emerge as a statistical approximation to an underlying generalized quantum dynamics. This result was obtained by an argument based on a Ward identity analogous to the equipartition theorem of classical statistical mechanics. We construct here a microcanonical ensemble which forms the basis of this canonical ensemble. This construction enables us to define the microcanonical entropy and free energy of the field configuration of the equilibrium distribution and to study the stability of the canonical ensemble. We also study the algebraic structure of the conserved generators from which the microcanonical and canonical ensembles are constructed, and the flows they induce on the phase space. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 11
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5444-5454 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The aim of this paper is to develop the classical lattice models with unbounded spin to the case of nonquadratic polynomial interaction. We demonstrate that the distinct relation between the growths of potentials leads to the uniqueness and the fast decay of correlations for Gibbs measure. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 12
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5496-5508 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: One-dimensional time-dependent potentials are considered for which an invariant can be expressed in terms of the potential and the momentum according to the formulation of Giacomini. New solutions of Giacomini's equations are derived. In addition, possibilities are discussed for extending Giacomini's approach to more general systems. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 13
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5524-5538 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: An approach of constructing isospectral flows Kl, nonisospectral flows σk and their implicit representations of a general Lax integrable system is proposed. By introducing product function matrices, it is shown that the two sets of flows and of related symmetries both constitute infinite-dimensional Lie algebras with respect to the commutator (left open-font bracket)⋅,⋅(right open-font bracket) given in this paper. Algebraic properties for some well-known integrable systems such as the AKNS system, the generalized Harry Dym system, and the n-wave interaction system are obtained as particular examples. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 14
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5577-5598 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In chaos theory the separation of infinitesimally close trajectories has great importance. In present paper this behavior is investigated for classical magnetic billiard systems on Riemannian manifolds. The separation of the trajectories during the bounceless segments as well as at the reflections is studied generally, with a method similar to that of Jacobi fields for geodesic flows. For two-dimensional manifolds the results are also given in a natural coordinate frame, and they are illustrated in special (homogeneous) cases. We relate our issues to the known properties of the curvature of the horocycles, too. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 15
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5611-5626 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Topology changing processes in the WKB approximation of four dimensional quantum cosmology with a negative cosmological constant are investigated. As Riemannian manifolds, which describe quantum tunnelings of space–time, constant negative curvature solutions of the Einstein equation, i.e., hyperbolic geometries are considered. Using four dimensional polytopes, one can explicitly construct hyperbolic manifolds with topologically nontrivial boundaries which describe topology changes. These instantonlike solutions are constructed out of 8-cells, 16-cells, or 24-cells and have several points at infinity called cusps. The hyperbolic manifolds are noncompact because of the cusps but have finite volumes. Topology change amplitudes in the WKB approximation in terms of the volumes of these manifolds are evaluated and it was found that the more complicated the topology changes, the more likely are suppressed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 16
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5684-5694 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: It is shown that the complete metric and vector potential perturbations of the Schwarzschild solution can be expressed in terms of radial functions that share several differential properties. The energy flux of the incident, reflected, and absorbed gravitational and electromagnetic waves is given and the polarization changes are also analyzed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 17
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5715-5718 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The heat kernel expansion for a general nonminimal operator on the spaces C∞(Λk) and C∞(Λp,q) is studied. The coefficients of the heat kernel asymptotics for this operator are expressed in terms of the Seeley coefficients for the Hodge–de Rham Laplacian. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 18
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5719-5746 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Generalizing the SU(3) canonical tensor operator concept (Biedenharn and Louck) to the quantum algebra uq(3), the Wigner–Clebsch–Gordan coefficients of uq(3) with repeating irreducible representations are considered. Extremal projectors of the quantum algebra uq(3) in terms of the ordered generator polynomials are used for evaluation of the bilinear combinations of the uq(3) canonical isoscalar factors. Explicit expressions of the uq(3) isofactors, corresponding to the maximal null space case of the uq(3) unit canonical tensor operators, and their normalization factors (denominator functions) are presented. The transposition and conjugation phase factors for the SU(3) and uq(3) canonical isofactors are correlated with phases and zeros of boundary isofactors. Invariance of the canonical isofactors (or absence of such invariance) under interchange of the tensor operator and the initial or final state parameters is correlated with the existence and invariance (or numerical degeneracy) of the usual splitting (distinctive) conditions. Some oversights of previous publications are disclosed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 19
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5776-5791 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: A time-domain data continuation problem for a second order hyperbolic equation in a three-dimensional inhomogeneous half-space, which is a common problem in time-domain layer-stripping, is considered. Two different approaches, namely the local continuation approach and the wave-splitting approach, are used to propagate the surface data (the Dirichlet and Neumann data) to the data at deeper planes. The local continuation approach requires a regularization in order to obtain a stable numerical result. The wave-splitting approach uses larger transverse spatial domain of dependence, and gives reasonably stable results even without any additional smoothing process. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 20
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5820-5827 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The differential calculus on n-dimensional (n≥3) quantum Minkowski space covariant with respect to left action of κ-Poincaré group is constructed and its uniqueness is shown. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 21
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5747-5775 
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    Notes: A general theory of quantum Clifford algebras is presented, based on a quantum generalization of the Cartan theory of spinors. We concentrate on the case when it is possible to apply the quantum-group formalism of bicovariant bimodules. The general theory is then singularized to the quantum SL(n,C) group case, to generate explicit forms for the whole class of braidings required. The corresponding spinor representations are introduced and investigated. Starting from our Clifford algebras we introduce the quantum-Euclidean underlying spaces compatible with different choices of *-structures from where the analogues of Dirac and Laplace operators are built. Using the formalism developed, quantum Spin(n) groups are defined. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 22
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 4775-4792 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The energy levels, wave functions, optical matrix elements, and scattering rates of electrons can be tailored at will using semiconductor nanostructures as building blocks for practically any kind of potential. This allows the design and experimental realization of new artificial materials and devices, with interesting optical and transport properties arising from quantum confinement, tunneling, and quan- tum coherence on a mesoscopic scale ranging typically from 1 to 100 nm. This approach is illustrated with a number of recent examples based on experiments and calculations, such as resonant tunneling through double barriers, quantum interference phenomena in transport and optical absorption, bound states in the continuum, quantum well "pseudomolecules'' with giant nonlinear optical susceptibilities, and quantum cascade lasers. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 23
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 4845-4866 
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    Notes: A theory of electron counting statistics in quantum transport is presented. It involves an idealized scheme of current measurement using a spin 1/2 coupled to the current so that it precesses at the rate proportional to the current. Within such an approach, counting charge without breaking the circuit is possible. As an application, we derive the counting statistics in a single channel conductor at finite temperature and bias. For a perfectly transmitting channel the counting distribution is Gaussian, both for zero-point fluctuations and at finite temperature. At constant bias and low temperature the distribution is binomial, i.e., it arises from Bernoulli statistics. Another application considered is the noise due to short current pulses that involve few electrons. We find the time-dependence of the driving potential that produces coherent noise-minimizing current pulses, and display analogies of such current states with quantum-mechanical coherent states. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 24
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 4888-4903 
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    Notes: For a simple model describing the S-matrices of open resonators the statistical properties of the resonances are investigated, as well as the wave functions inside the resonator. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 25
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5087-5110 
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    Notes: We present a semiclassical theory of weak disorder effects in small structures and apply it to the magnetic response of non-interacting electrons confined in integrable geometries. We discuss the various averaging procedures describing different experimental situations in terms of one- and two-particle Green functions. We demonstrate that the anomalously large zero-field susceptibility characteristic of clean integrable structures is only weakly suppressed by disorder. This damping depends on the ratio of the typical size of the structure with the two characteristic length scales describing the disorder (elastic mean-free-path and correlation length of the potential) in a power-law form for the experimentally relevant parameter region. We establish the comparison with the available experimental data and we extend the study of the interplay between disorder and integrability to finite magnetic fields. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5111-5135 
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    Notes: We prove that the quantum dynamics of a class of infinite harmonic crystals becomes ergodic and mixing in the following sense: if Hm is the m-particle Schrödinger operator, ωβ,m(A)=Tr(A exp−βHm)/Tr(exp−βHm) the corresponding quantum Gibbs distribution over the observables A,B,ψm,λ the coherent states in the mth particle Hilbert space, gm,λ=(exp−βHm)ψm,λ then limt→∞ limn→∞ limm→∞(1/T)∫T0〈eiHntAe−iHntψm,λ,ψ m,λ〉dt=limm→∞ ωβ,m(A) if the classical infinite dynamics is ergodic, and limt→∞ limn→∞ limm→∞ ωβ,m(e /iiHntAe−iHntB)=limm→∞ ωβ,m(A)limm→∞ωβ,m(B) if it is in addition mixing. The classical ergodicity and mixing properties are recovered as (h-dash-bar)→0, and limm→∞ ωβ,m(A) turns out to be the average over a classical Gibbs measure of the symbol generating A under Weyl quantization. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5158-5170 
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    Notes: I present here some results on the mean field theory approach to the statistical mechanics of a D-dimensional array of Josephson junctions in the presence of a magnetic field. The mean field theory equations are obtained by computing the thermodynamical properties. In the high temperature region in the limit D→∞, where the problem is simplified, this limit defines the mean field approximation. Close to the transition point the system behaves very similar to a particular form of spin glasses, i.e., to gauge glasses. We have noticed that in this limit the evaluation of the coefficients of the high temperature expansion may be mapped onto the computation of some matrix elements for the q-deformed harmonic oscillator. The same arguments can be used to predict the thermodynamical properties in the mean field limit. These results can be extended to the low temperature phase using a conjecture on the equivalence of some system without disorder with appropriate random systems. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 206-218 
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    Notes: New features of a previously introduced group approach to quantization are presented. We show that the construction of the symmetry group associated with the system to be quantized (the "quantizing group'') does not require, in general, the explicit construction of the phase space of the system, i.e., does not require the actual knowledge of the general solution of the classical equations of motion; in many relevant cases an implicit construction of the group can be given, directly, on configuration space. To show an application, we construct the symmetry group for the conformally invariant massless scalar and electromagnetic fields and the scalar and Dirac fields evolving in a symmetric curved space-time or interacting with symmetric classical electromagnetic fields. Further generalizations of the present procedure are also discussed and in particular the conditions under which non-Abelian groups (mainly affine groups and more general gauge groups) can be included. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 233-239 
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    Notes: A new solution of the inhomogeneous d'Alembert equation with the point uniformly moving charge is found. The comparison of the new solution with the Kirchhoff formula solution is performed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 240-253 
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    Notes: A complete list of all transitive symplectic manifolds of the Poincaré and Galilei group in 1+2 dimensions is given. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 484-492 
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    Notes: We derive a closed formula for the q-superdimensions of a wide class of irreps, including all unitary irreps, of the type I quantum superalgebras. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 499-507 
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    Notes: We prove the embedding of ISOq(3) → ISU(square root of)qex(2) and ISOq(2,1) → ISLqex(2,R) as *-algebras and give a Hilbert space representation of ISU(square root of)qex(2). © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 493-498 
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    Notes: The "standard group'' of elementary particle theory is locally isomorphic to SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1). The global structure is completely fixed in unified theories, often in a subtle way; and such theories can be physically unacceptable if they predict the "wrong'' global structure for the standard group. A particularly striking example of this is provided by Calabi–Yau compactifications of string theory with the linear (rather than the more conventional spinor) connection interpreted as an E8 connection. Remarkably, these more unconventional compactifications break E8 to a group which is locally isomorphic to the standard group (instead of E6); but they are physically unacceptable, and we argue that the basic reason for this is their failure to produce the correct global structure. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 61-71 
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    Notes: We study a supersymmetric two-dimensional harmonic oscillator which carries a representation of the general graded Lie algebra GL(2|1), formulate it on the superspace, and discuss its physical spectrum. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 308-323 
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    Notes: We demonstrate a simple procedure for finding the squared eigenfunctions of an integrable system and illustrate the method by deriving the squared eigenfunctions of the massive Thirring model. We give the formula for the inner products between the direct squared eigenfunction problem and its adjoint. We also demonstrate closure and express the variations of the potentials in terms of variations of the scattering data. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6-11 
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    Notes: This paper shows that there is a correspondence between quasi-exactly solvable models in quantum mechanics and sets of orthogonal polynomials {Pn}. The quantum-mechanical wave function is the generating function for the Pn(E), which are polynomials in the energy E. The condition of quasi-exact solvability is reflected in the vanishing of the norm of all polynomials whose index n exceeds a critical value J. The zeros of the critical polynomial PJ(E) are the quasi-exact energy eigenvalues of the system. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 452-459 
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    Notes: A Majorana analog to the parafermion algebra is constructed and shown to be isomorphic to so(n). Ansatz realizations of this algebra are constructed and used to establish the properties of particular representations. The construction of specific so(n) representations is discussed for odd and even n, and for even n the procedure is illustrated explicitly in the case of so(4). By contracting the Majorana parafermion algebra, the para-Grassman algebra and its representation theory are obtained. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 474-483 
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    Notes: We introduce Z3-graded objects which are the generalization of the more familiar Z2-graded objects that are used in supersymmetric theories and in many models of non-commutative geometry. First, we introduce the Z3-graded Grassmann algebra, and we use this object to construct the Z3-matrices, which are the generalizations of the supermatrices. Then, we generalize the concepts of supertrace and superdeterminant. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 4292-4309 
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    Notes: A detailed analysis of and a general decomposition theorem for in general unbounded symplectic transformations on an arbitrary complex pre-Hilbert space (one–boson test function space) are given. The structure of strongly continuous symplectic groups on such spaces is determined. The connection between quadratic Hamiltonians, Bogoliubov transformations, and symplectic transformations is discussed in the Fock representation, and their relevance for squeezing operations in quantum optics is pointed out. The results for this rather general class of transformations are proved in a self-contained fashion. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 3753-3759 
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    Notes: The Seiberg–Witten equations, when dimensionally reduced to R2, naturally yield the Liouville equation, whose solutions are parametrized by an arbitrary analytic function g(z). The magnetic flux Φ is the integral of a singular Kaehler form involving g(z); for an appropriate choice of g(z), N coaxial or separated vortex configurations with Φ=2πN/e are obtained when the integral is regularized. The regularized connection in the R1 case coincides with the kink solution of cursive-phi4 theory. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 3769-3796 
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    Notes: We study the existence of condensate solutions for the Chern-Simons-Higgs model with the choice of a potential field where both the symmetric and asymmetric vacua occur as ground states [see Hong, Kim, and Pac, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 2230 (1990) and Jackiw and Weinberg, ibid. 64, 2234 (1990)]. We show that if the Chern-Simons coupling parameter k is above a critical value, no such solutions can exist, while for k(approximately-greater-than)0 below this critical value there exist at least two condensate solutions carrying the same quantized energy, as well as electric and magnetic charge. This multiplicity result accounts for the two vacua states present in the model. In fact, as k→0+ it is shown that the two solutions found "bifurcate'' from the asymmetric and symmetric vacuum states respectively. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 3815-3823 
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    Notes: The concepts of von Neumann lattices and tight frames are used for defining discrete quantum mechanical transforms in the phase plane. These transforms are obtained by finite shifts la and mb in the coordinate x and momentum p, respectively, of the Weyl–Heisenberg group, and they are called the discrete Weyl–Heisenberg transforms ψ(la,mb). Here ab=h/N with h the Planck constant, l and m integers, and N a positive integer. A construction is carried out of ψ(la,mb) for a general Weyl–Heisenberg set by using the kq-representation, in which a useful formula is established for the frame operator. The construction is illustrated on an example of the ground state of a harmonic oscillator. It is shown that any physical quantity can be described by the discrete Weyl–Heisenberg transform. Connections are established between ψ(la,mb), the Bargmann representation, and the Husimi distribution function. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 4034-4040 
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    Notes: We consider a cylindrically symmetric metric separable in space and time variables having Kasnerian time dependence in the Kaluza–Klein space–time. We obtain perfect fluid models that admit the dimensional reduction yielding the usual four-dimensional space–time as the universe expands. The models are inhomogeneous and they have the Kasnerian vacuum solution as their matter-free limit. The five-dimensional Kasnerian vacuum solution goes over on dimensional reduction to the radiation Friedman–Robertson–Walker flat model. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 4041-4052 
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    Notes: A key aspect of a recent proposal for a generalized loop representation of quantum Yang–Mills theory and gravity is considered. Such a representation of the quantum theory has been expected to arise via consideration of a particular algebra of observables – given by the traces of the holonomies of generalized loops. We notice, however, a technical subtlety, which prevents us from reaching the conclusion that the generalized holonomies are covariant with respect to small gauge transformations. Further analysis is given which shows that they are not covariant with respect to small gauge transformations; their traces are not observables of the gauge theory. This result indicates what may be a serious complication to the use of generalized loops in physics, but does not affect the ordinary loop representation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 4418-4433 
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    Notes: The full classical Dirac–Maxwell equations are considered in a somewhat novel form and under various simplifying assumptions. A reduction of the equations is performed in the case when the Dirac field is static. A further reduction of the equations is made under the assumption of spherical symmetry. These static spherically symmetric equations are examined in some detail and a numerical solution presented. Some surprising results emerge from this investigation: (i) Spherical symmetry necessitates the existence of a magnetic monopole. (ii) There exists a uniquely defined solution, determined only by the demand that the solution be analytic at infinity. (iii) The equations describe highly compact objects with an inner onion like shell structure. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 4388-4417 
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    Notes: Studies of models of current flow behaviour in electrical impedance tomography (EIT) have shown that the current density distribution varies extremely rapidly near the edge of the electrodes used in the technique. This behaviour imposes severe restrictions on the numerical techniques used in image reconstruction algorithms. In this paper we have considered a simple two dimensional case and we have shown how the theory of end point/pinch singularities which was developed for studying the anomalous thresholds encountered in elementary particle physics can be used to give a complete description of the analytic structure of the current density near to the edge of the electrodes. As a byproduct of this study it was possible to give a complete description of the Riemann sheet manifold of the eigenfunctions of the logarithmic kernel. These methods can be readily extended to other weakly singular kernels. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 2762-2786 
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    Notes: The scattering of time harmonic electromagnetic waves by a perfectly conducting surface that is the boundary of a "disturbed half-space'' is considered. This problem is translated in a boundary value problem for an elliptic system of partial differential equations. Under appropriate hypotheses an existence theorem and an integral representation formula for the solution of this boundary value problem is given. Based on this integral representation formula a new method to compute the solution of the boundary value problem is proposed. This method involves only quadratures and is fully parallelizable. Finally some numerical examples of the results obtained on test problems with this computational method are shown. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 2979-3000 
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    Notes: A family of unitary representations of the Poincaré group is constructed, which describes two relativistic quantum bosons with weak interaction in three space–time dimensions. The mathematical formalism is the Schrödinger picture of quantum mechanics in the momentum space. The eigenvalue equation for the bound states is given and compared with the Schrödinger equation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 2969-2978 
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    Notes: The solutions of a system of homogeneous first-order quasilinear evolution equations for which the propagation velocity depends only on the field value are characterized by their invariance under a particular type of flow. All simple wave solutions are shown to have this property. The local images of simple wave solutions are the integral curves of a system of ordinary differential equations on the field space. The model for barotropic compressible flow is an example of a system that has invariant solutions of higher rank. A solution of this system is invariant under the flow of the convective derivative if and only if it is divergence-free. The evolution of initial data is shown to be divergence-free if and only if its differential is nilpotent. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 3073-3098 
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    Notes: It has recently been discovered [A. A. Ungar, Am. J. Phys. 59, 824 (1991); 60, 815 (1992)] that the set R3c={v∈R3 : (parallel)v(parallel)〈c} of all relativistically admissible velocities in Euclidean three-space R3, with a binary operation ⊕ given by relativistic velocity addition, forms a gyrogroup (R3c,⊕). The gyrogroup (R3c,⊕) reduces to the group (R3,+) in the limit c→∞, + being the prerelativistic velocity addition (that is, the ordinary vector addition in the Euclidean three-space R3). The binary operation ⊕ in R3c is gyroassociative and gyrocommutative, as opposed to the binary operation + in R3 which is associative and commutative. In this article we extend the study of gyrogroups into that of Lorentz groups. In particular, we find that a gyrogroup must be equipped with a cocycle form in order to be extendible into a Lorentz group. We thus study gyrogroups that are equipped with a cocycle form, and their resulting Lorentz groups. Interestingly, the cocycle form needed for the extension of gyrogroups into Lorentz groups involves a cocycle identity which is known to be useful in various branches of mathematics [B. R. Ebanks and C. T. Ng, Aequat. Math. 46, 76 (1993)]. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 2107-2120 
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    Notes: We find the minimal mathematical structure to represent quantum eigenstates with complex eigenvalues with no need of analytic continuation. These eigenvectors build doublets in non-Hilbert spaces. We construct exact solutions for the Friedrichs model that continuously join the ones of the free Hamiltonian. We extend the Wigner operator to these non-Hilbert spaces and enlarge the concept of normalized vectors via the definition of the doublets. Making use of these doublets, we describe systems whose states have initial conditions out of Hilbert space. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 2166-2181 
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    Notes: A mapping is obtained relating analytical radial Coulomb systems in any dimension greater than one to analytical radial oscillators in any dimension. This mapping, involving supersymmetry-based quantum-defect theory, is possible for dimensions unavailable to conventional mappings. Among the special cases is an injection from bound states of the three-dimensional radial Coulomb system into a three-dimensional radial isotropic oscillator where one of the two systems has an analytical quantum defect. The issue of mapping the continuum states is briefly considered. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 2182-2205 
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    Notes: A simple normal-form approach is used to obtain uniform long-time approximations to the evolution of a resonant or nonresonant anharmonic oscillator system governed by a Hamiltonian Hcursive-epsilon which is a self-adjoint operator acting in the Hilbert space H=L2(Rν) (ν≥2) and is given formally by H0+cursive-epsilonV. Here H0 denotes the Hamiltonian of ν one-dimensional harmonic oscillators whose coupling is represented by cursive-epsilonV, where V is an operator of multiplication by a smooth function of at most polynomial growth at infinity and cursive-epsilon≥0 is a small parameter. We consider the general situation in which ρ≥1 of the frequencies of these oscillators are rationally independent, imposing a standard diophantine condition on the independent frequencies if ρ≥2. Under these assumptions, which are stated in a mathematically precise way in the paper, an Nth-order approximant ψN(t,cursive-epsilon) to the exact solution ψ(t,cursive-epsilon) of the Schrödinger equation id ψ(t,cursive-epsilon)/dt=Hcursive-epsilonψ(t,cursive-epsilon) satisfying the initial condition ψ(0,cursive-epsilon)=ψ0 is constructed inductively, ψ0 being an arbitrary cursive-epsilon-independent member of a suitable family of smooth functions dense in H. Our main result is that ψN(t,cursive-epsilon) differs from ψ(t,cursive-epsilon) in H-norm by ≤const cursive-epsilonN+1(||t||+1) for all t∈R and all cursive-epsilon in an arbitrary compact interval [0, cursive-epsilon0]. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 2253-2259 
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    Notes: An exact, analytical solution of the combined Maxwell–Dirac equation is presented. The solution is regular inside a wedgelike domain of the flat space–time. On the boundary of that domain, the solution exhibits singular behavior. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 2206-2228 
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    Notes: The background gauge field quantization is a convenient tool for studying weakly interacting gauge and matter fields or analyzing anomalous current conservation in fermionic structures. This method is from the mid 1970's, but it is only today that it received renewed interest for investigating nonperturbative evolution equations in Yang–Mills theory, as well as gauge field effective action formulations. We reviewed, to start with, the general formulation and assumptions about this method, and we pointed out some critical observations concerning it. In particular, we focus on some of the most common equivalence proofs presently known in the literature. We attempted to give a most convincing demonstration of this equivalence as it stands between the background gauge field scattering operator and the conventional one. The result shown here clearly indicates these methods are indeed physically equivalent. In proving that, we neglected all the infrared problems afflicting the pure Yang–Mills gauge theory; as a matter of fact, they appear to be a parallel, but nonintersecting problem with respect to the present one, i.e., to prove the equivalence. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 3442-3462 
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    Notes: When the variational method is applied to nonlinear evolution equations for determining solitary wave dynamics, it is possible for the method to predict the pulse to be unstable when in fact it is stable. We determine the necessary conditions for this to occur as well as give sufficient conditions for avoiding such false instabilities. We also discuss the general problem of applying the method to a general evolution equation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 3483-3490 
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    Notes: Lie superalgebraic methods are used to establish a connection between the huge Lie superalgebra Xi of super- (pseudo-) differential operators and various super KP-hierarchies. We show in particular that Xi splits into 5=2×2+1 graded algebras expected to correspond to five classes of super-KP-hierarchies generalizing the well-known Manin–Radul and Figueroa–Mas–Ramos supersymmetric KP-hierarchies. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 3491-3497 
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    Notes: The prolongation structure of Zhiber–Mikhailov–Shabat (ZMS) equation is studied by using Wahlquist–Estabrook's method. The Lax pair for ZMS and Riccati equations for pseudopotentials are formulated respectively from linear and nonlinear realizations of the prolongation structure. Based on nonlinear realization of the prolongation structure, an auto-Bäcklund transformation of ZMS equation is obtained. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 2352-2360 
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    Notes: We extend the discussion of projective group representations in quaternionic Hilbert space that was given in our recent book. The associativity condition for quaternionic projective representations is formulated in terms of unitary operators and then analyzed in terms of their generator structure. The multi-centrality and centrality assumptions are also analyzed in generator terms, and implications of this analysis are discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6060-6073 
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    Notes: It is shown that the one-particle sector of the Klein–Gordon theory in the universal covering space of the anti-de Sitter space (CAdS) can be interpreted, in a natural way, as a special-relativistic oscillator in Minkowski space. The quantum wave functions have a significantly different behavior with respect to the nonrelativistic ones. The energy spectrum coincides, up to the ground state energy, with that of the nonrelativistic oscillator. The requirement of having the adequate nonrelativistic limit for the special-relativistic oscillator theory turns out to be equivalent to the imposition of the Dirichlet-type boundary condition at spatial infinity on CAdS Klein–Gordon functions. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6086-6105 
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    Notes: The basic ingredients of the "consistent histories'' approach to quantum theory are a space UP of "history propositions'' and a space D of "decoherence functionals.'' In this article we consider such history quantum theories in the case where UP is given by the set of projectors P(V) on some Hilbert space V. We define the notion of a "physical symmetry of a history quantum theory'' (PSHQT) and specify such objects exhaustively with the aid of an analog of Wigner's theorem. In order to prove this theorem we investigate the structure of D, define the notion of an "elementary decoherence functional,'' and show that each decoherence functional can be expanded as a certain combination of these functionals. We call two history quantum theories that are related by a PSHQT "physically equivalent'' and show explicitly, in the case of history quantum mechanics, how this notion is compatible with one that has appeared previously. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6121-6129 
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    Notes: Based on the idea of quantum groups and para-Grassmannian variables, we present a generalization of supersymmetric classical mechanics with a deformation parameter q=exp(2πi/k) dealing with the k=3 case. The coordinates of the q-superspace are a commuting parameter t and a para-Grassmannian variable θ, where θ3=0. The generator and covariant derivative are obtained, as well as the action for some possible superfields. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6106-6120 
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    Notes: We explicitly construct the adjoint operator of coboundary operator and obtain the Hodge decomposition theorem and the Poincaré duality for the Lie algebra cohomology of the infinite-dimensional gauge transformation group. We show that the adjoint of the coboundary operator can be identified with the BRST adjoint generator Q° for the Lie algebra cohomology induced by BRST generator Q. We also point out an interesting duality relation—Poincaré duality—with respect to gauge anomalies and Wess–Zumino–Witten topological terms. We consider the consistent embedding of the BRST adjoint generator Q° into the relativistic phase space and identify the noncovariant symmetry recently discovered in QED with the BRST adjoint Nöther charge Q°. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6198-6206 
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    Notes: We develop a method, based on Darboux's and Liouville's works, to find first integrals and/or invariant manifolds for a physically relevant class of dynamical systems, without making any assumption on these elements' forms. We apply it to three dynamical systems: Lotka–Volterra, Lorenz and Rikitake. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6207-6212 
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    Notes: A new integrable and nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) in 2+1 dimensions is obtained, by an asymptotically exact reduction method based on Fourier expansion and spatiotemporal rescaling, from the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation. The integrability property is explicitly demonstrated, by exhibiting the corresponding Lax pair, that is obtained by applying the reduction technique to the Lax pair of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation. This model equation is likely to be of applicative relevance, because it may be considered a consistent approximation of a large class of nonlinear evolution PDEs. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6213-6219 
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    Notes: The integrable Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy is compatible with generalized k-constraints of the type (Lk)−=∑i qi∂−1xri. A large class of solutions—among them solitons—can be represented by Wronskian determinants of functions satisfying a set of linear equations. In this paper we shall obtain additional conditions for these functions imposed by the constraints. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6220-6249 
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    Notes: In this paper, we study adiabatic Hamiltonian systems including those subject to small-amplitude forcing and damping. It is known that simple zeroes of the adiabatic Poincare–Arnold–Melnikov function imply the existence of primary intersection points of the stable and unstable manifolds of hyperbolic orbits. Here, we present an Nth-order Melnikov function whose simple zeroes correspond to Nth-order transverse intersection points and hence to N-pulse homoclinic orbits. Using this function, it can be shown that N-pulse homoclinic orbits arise in a plethora of adiabatic models, including systems with slowly varying potentials. The theory is illustrated on a damped Hamiltonian system with a slowly varying cubic potential. In addition, the Nth-order adiabatic Melnikov function is useful for showing the existence of multi-pulse resonant periodic orbits in the special class of slow, time-periodic systems. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6250-6270 
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    Notes: It is well-known that the Einstein-Rosen solutions to the 3+1- dimensional vacuum Einstein's equations are in one to one correspondence with solutions of 2+1-dimensional general relativity coupled to axi-symmetric, zero rest mass scalar fields. We first re-examine the quantization of this midi-superspace paying special attention to the asymptotically flat boundary conditions and to certain functional analytic subtleties associated with regularization. We then use the resulting quantum theory to analyze several conceptual and technical issues of quantum gravity. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6283-6292 
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    Notes: The asymptotic behavior of a class of inhomogeneous scalar field cosmologies with a Liouville type of potential is studied. We define a set of new variables for which the phase space of the system of Einstein equations is bounded. This allows us to perform a complete analysis of the evolution of these cosmologies. We also discuss the extension of the cosmic no-hair theorem. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6293-6301 
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    Notes: We calculate the total gravitational energy and the gravitational energy density of the de Sitter space using the definition of localized gravitational energy that naturally arises in the framework of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity. We find that the gravitational energy can only be defined within the cosmological horizon and is largely concentrated in regions far from the center of spherical symmetry, i.e., in the vicinity of the maximal spacelike radial coordinate R=(square root of)3/Λ. The smaller the cosmological constant, the farther the concentration of energy. This result complies with the phenomenological features of the de Sitter solution, namely, the existence of a radial acceleration directed away from the center of symmetry experienced by a test particle in the de Sitter space. Einstein already contemplated the de Sitter solution as a world with a surface distribution of matter, a picture which is in agreement with the present analysis. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6302-6310 
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    Notes: In the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity the energy density of asymptotically flat gravitational fields can be naturally defined as a scalar density restricted to a three-dimensional spacelike hypersurface Σ. Integration over the whole Σ yields the standard ADM energy. Here we obtain the formal expression of the localized energy for a Kerr black hole. The expression of the energy inside a surface of constant radius can be explicitly calculated in the limit of small a, the specific angular momentum. Such expression turns out to be exactly the same as the one obtained by means of the method proposed recently by Brown and York [Phys. Rev. D 47, 1407 (1993)]. We also calculate the energy contained within the outer horizon of the black hole, for any value of a. The result is practically indistinguishable from E=2Mir, where Mir is the irreducible mass of the black hole. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 1962-1971 
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    Notes: All the similarity solutions, describing the Petrov-type D, plane symmetric perfect fluid distributions of imbedding class one, have been derived by using the Lie continuous point group similarity transformation method. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6439-6467 
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    Notes: In this work we examine the basis functions for those classical and quantum mechanical systems in two dimensions which admit separation of variables in at least two coordinate systems. We do this for the corresponding systems defined in Euclidean space and on the two-dimensional sphere. We present all of these cases from a unified point of view. In particular, all of the special functions that arise via variable separation have their essential features expressed in terms of their zeros. The principal new results are the details of the polynomial bases for each of the nonsubgroup bases, not just the subgroup Cartesian and polar coordinate cases, and the details of the structure of the quadratic algebras. We also study the polynomial eigenfunctions in elliptic coordinates of the n-dimensional isotropic quantum oscillator. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6590-6590 
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5273-5296 
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    Notes: One may introduce at least three different Lie algebras in any Lagrangian field theory: (i) the Lie algebra of local BRST cohomology classes equipped with the odd Batalin–Vilkovisky antibracket, which has attracted considerable interest recently; (ii) the Lie algebra of local conserved currents equipped with the Dickey bracket; and (iii) the Lie algebra of conserved, integrated charges equipped with the Poisson bracket. We show in this paper that the subalgebra of (i) in ghost number −1 and the other two algebras are isomorphic for a field theory without gauge invariance. We also prove that, in the presence of a gauge freedom, (ii) is still isomorphic to the subalgebra of (i) in ghost number −1, while (iii) is isomorphic to the quotient of (ii) by the ideal of currents without charge. In ghost number different from −1, a more detailed analysis of the local BRST cohomology classes in the Hamiltonian formalism allows one to prove an isomorphism theorem between the antibracket and the extended Poisson bracket of Batalin, Fradkin, and Vilkovisky. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5310-5324 
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    Notes: We present here the zero curvature formulation for a wide class of field theory models. This formalism, which relies on the existence of an operator δ which decomposes the exterior space–time derivative as a BRS commutator, turns out to be particularly useful in order to solve the Wess–Zumino consistency condition. The examples of the topological theories and of the B−C string ghost system are considered in detail. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5337-5341 
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    Notes: As has already been pointed out by Birkhoff and von Neumann, quantum logic can be formulated in terms of projective geometry. In three-dimensional Hilbert space, elementary logical propositions are associated with one-dimensional subspaces, corresponding to points of the projective plane. It is shown that, starting with three such propositions corresponding to some basis {u,v,w}, successive application of the binary logical operation (x,y)(functional relationship right)(x∨y)⊥ generates a set of elementary propositions which is countable infinite and dense in the projective plane if and only if no vector of the basis {u,v,w} is orthogonal to the other ones. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5351-5367 
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    Notes: It is shown that there exists such a collection of variables that the standard QCD Lagrangian can be represented as the sum of usual Palatini Lagrangian for Einstein general relativity and the Lagrangian of matter and some other fields where the tetrad fields and the metric are constructed from initial SU(3) Yang–Mills fields. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5368-5379 
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    Notes: A formulation of the consistent histories approach to quantum mechanics in terms of generalized observables (POV measures) and effect operators is provided. The usual notion of "history'' is generalized to the notion of "effect history.'' The space of effect histories carries the structure of a D-poset. Recent results of J. D. Maitland Wright imply that every decoherence functional defined for ordinary histories can be uniquely extended to a bi-additive decoherence functional on the space of effect histories. Omnès' logical interpretation is generalized to the present context. The result of this work considerably generalizes and simplifies the earlier formulation of the consistent effect histories approach to quantum mechanics communicated in a previous work of this author. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5551-5576 
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    Notes: Differential–difference equations of the form ün=Fn(t,un−1,un,un+1) are classified according to their continuous Lie point symmetry groups. It is shown that for nonlinear equations, the symmetry group can be at most seven-dimensional. The integrable Toda lattice is a member of this class and has a four-dimensional symmetry group. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5171-5194 
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    Notes: A model of the periodic array of quantum antidots in the presence of a uniform magnetic field is suggested. The model can be conceived as a periodic lattice of resonators (curvilinear triangles) connected through "infinitely small'' openings at the vertices of the triangles. The model Hamiltonian is obtained by means of operator extension theory in indefinite metric spaces. In the case of rational magnetic flux through an elementary cell of the lattice, the dispersion equation is found in an explicit form with the help of harmonic analysis on the magnetic translation group. It is proved, at least in the case of integer flux, that the spectrum of the model Hamiltonian consists of three parts: (1) Landau levels (they correspond to the classical orbits lying between antidots); (2) extended states that correspond to the classical propagation trajectories; and (3) bound states satisfying the dispersion equation; they correspond to the classical chaotic orbits rotating around single antidots. Among other things, methods of finding the Green's function for some planar domains with curvilinear boundaries are derived. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5259-5268 
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 100-120 
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    Notes: A C*-algebra of asymptotic fields which properly describes the infrared structure in quantum electrodynamics is proposed. The algebra is generated by the null asymptotic of electromagnetic field and the time asymptotic of charged matter fields which incorporate the corresponding Coulomb fields. As a consequence Gauss' law is satisfied in the algebraic setting. Within this algebra the observables can be identified by the principle of gauge invariance. A class of representations of the asymptotic algebra is constructed which resembles the Kulish–Faddeev treatment of electrically charged asymptotic fields. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 12-38 
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    Notes: A free massless field coupled to a background charge Q is considered. The conformal blocks of the theory are adequately described by the N-point vertex VN;0 which is, up to a multiplicative constant, completely determined by the Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov equations and a set of Ward identities on the sphere. The N-point g-loop vertex VN;g for compact Riemann surfaces Σg of genus g≠0 is constructed by a sewing procedure. The main new result is a rigorous proof of the fact that VN;0 is trace class for nonoverlapping disks. This allows one to show that the set of all N-point vertices (for all N) is a modular functor. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 147-159 
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    Notes: The method of solving the three-particle quantum elliptic Calogero–Moser problem is applied to the description of three-magnon wave functions for the S=1/2 quantum Heisenberg chains with the exchange interaction given by the Weierstrass d function. The Bethe-like algebraic equations for the three-magnon case are presented in the explicit form. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 121-146 
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    Notes: We consider a quantum particle in thermal equilibrium with any quantum system in a finite volume under some conditions. For the Heisenberg operator of the momentum operator of the quantum particle, we show that, on a partial *-algebra, the Heisenberg operator satisfies a quantum Langevin equation, which is similar to the work of Ford et al. [ G. W. Ford, J. T. Lewis, and R. F. O'Connell, Phys. Rev. A 37, 4419 (1988)]. Through the Langevin equation, we show general and mathematical properties between the canonical correlation and the independent-oscillator model. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 196-205 
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    Notes: Some aspects of the algebraic quantization program proposed by Ashtekar are revisited in this article. It is proven that, for systems with first-class constraints, the involution introduced on the algebra of quantum operators via reality conditions can never be projected unambiguously to the algebra of physical observables, i.e., of quantum observables modulo constraints. It is nevertheless shown that, under sufficiently general assumptions, one can still induce an involution on the algebra of physical observables from reality conditions, though the involution obtained depends on the choice of particular representatives for the equivalence classes of quantum observables. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 219-226 
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    Notes: The Hamiltonian describing fermion pair production from an arbitrarily time-varying electric field in two dimensions is studied using a group-theoretic approach. We show that this Hamiltonian can be encompassed by two, commuting SU(2) algebras, and that the two-dimensional problem can therefore be reduced to two one-dimensional problems. We compare the group structure for the two-dimensional problem with that previously derived for the one-dimensional problem, and verify that the Schwinger result is obtained under the appropriate conditions. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 227-232 
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    Notes: Hidden local gauge invariance in the one-dimensional Heisenberg XXZ model with the general boundary terms is studied in the framework of the quantum inverse scattering method. The Bethe ansatz equations are established for the model with the special boundary terms. Our results show that the Hamiltonian and its eigenvectors are explicitly gauge dependent whereas the energy eigenvalues and the Bethe ansatz equations are gauge invariant. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 254-262 
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    Notes: In this article, we give some rigorous results about the properties of the solution of Poisson's equation describing dielectric screening by electrons trapped and/or untrapped in the Coulomb field of the test charge. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 508-523 
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    Notes: It is our purpose here to show that the spinor theory admits generalization for curved spaces with local anisotropy (for example, for Finsler, Lagrange, and generalized Lagrange spaces). © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 72-83 
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    Notes: We consider Clifford algebras with nonsymmetric bilinear forms. They parametrize the chosen ideal in the isomorphism class of the standard symmetric ones. Since the content of physical theories depends on the injection ⊕nΛnV→CL(V,Q), one has to transform to the standard construction. The injection is described by the antisymmetric part of the bilinear form. This process results in the appropriate vertex normal ordering terms, which are now obtained from the theory itself and not added ad hoc via a regularization argument. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 84-99 
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    Notes: The diagrammatic and the Feynman rules for the higher derivative Chern–Simons theories in (2+1) dimensions coupled to fermionic matter are constructed. This is done by starting from the path-integral quantization. Once the diagrammatic and the Feynman rules are given, the regularization and renormalization problem of this higher derivative model is analysed in the framework of the perturbation theory. The unitarity problem related with the possible appearance of ghost states with negative norm is also discussed. Finally, the BRST formalism for the model is constructed and some interesting differences with respect to the formalism applied to usual Chern–Simons models are presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 4647-4661 
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    Notes: A method is proposed for defining an arbitrary number of differential calculi over a given noncommutative associative algebra. As an example the generalized quantum plane is studied. It is found that there is a strong correlation, but not a one-to-one correspondence, between the module structure of the 1-forms and the metric torsion-free connections on it. In the commutative limit the connection remains as a shadow of the algebraic structure of the 1-forms. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 4635-4646 
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    Notes: Properties of metrics and pairs consisting of left and right connections are studied on the bimodules of differential 1-forms. Those bimodules are obtained from the derivation based calculus of an algebra of matrix valued functions, and an SLq(2,C)-covariant calculus of the quantum plane at a generic q and the cubic root of unity. It is shown that, in the aforementioned examples, giving up the middle-linearity of metrics significantly enlarges the space of metrics. A metric compatibility condition for the pairs of left and right connections is defined. Also, a compatibility condition between a left and right connection is discussed. Consequences entailed by reducing to the center of a bimodule the domain of those conditions are investigated in detail. Alternative ways of relating left and right connections are considered. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 4758-4767 
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    Notes: We consider a class of second-order partial differential equations which arises in diffusion phenomena and, following a new approach, we look for a Lie invariance classification via equivalence transformations. A class of exact invariant solutions containing an arbitrary function is obtained. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 3982-3996 
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    Notes: Discretizations of the Bogoyavlensky lattices are introduced, belonging to the same hierarchies as the continuous-time systems. The construction exemplifies the general scheme for integrable discretization of systems on Lie algebras with r-matrix Poisson brackets. An initial value problem for the difference equations is solved in terms of a factorization problem in a group. Interpolating Hamiltonian flows are found. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 4025-4033 
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    Notes: By using Lyapounov's direct method we examine the conditions under which stable solutions to the field equations for the scale function of the external space may be derived in the context of a five-dimensional quadratic theory of gravity. We show that the time evolution of the distance, in a diagram t–R, between our solution to the field equations and a neighbouring one is determined, in the linear approximation, in terms of a second-order linear differential equation. Asking for bounded solutions of this equation we arrive at a stability criterion for the external scale function solutions, indicating that there exist three types of cosmological evolution of the visible universe which are linearly stable at all times. These are (i) the Milne model, (ii) the spatially flat Friedmann radiation solution, and (iii) the De Sitter inflationary solution. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 4156-4165 
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    Notes: In this very short paper we shall construct a continuous wavelet analysis based on dilations translations and rotations on the sphere. It is the analog of the construction proposed by Murenzi [in his thesis, 1990], on R2. At small scale we shall recover the Euclidian structure of the sphere. At large scale we obtain that the wavelet transform decays rapidly because the sphere is compact. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 3389-3414 
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    Notes: We present a geometric framework for non-holonomic Lagrangian systems in terms of distributions on the configuration manifold. If the constrained system is regular, an almost product structure on the phase space of velocities is constructed such that the constrained dynamics is obtained by projecting the free dynamics. If the constrained system is singular, we develop a constraint algorithm which is very similar to that developed by Dirac and Bergmann, and later globalized by Gotay and Nester. Special attention to the case of constrained systems given by connections is paid. In particular, we extend the results of Koiller for Caplygin systems. An application to the so-called non-holonomic geometry is given. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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