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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • 1995-1999  (3,178)
  • 1996  (3,178)
  • 1
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    Stochastic Lagrangian Models of Turbulent Diffusion (1996)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-01
    Description: No Abstract available.
    Print ISSN: 0065-9401
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3646
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 2
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    Universal Quantum Simulators (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-23
    Description: Feynman's 1982 conjecture, that quantum computers can be programmed to simulate any local quantum system, is shown to be correct.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lloyd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 23;273(5278):1073-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The author is at the D'Arbeloff Laboratory for Information Systems and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. E-mail: slloyd@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8688088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    IRS-1-mediated inhibition of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in TNF-alpha- and obesity-induced insulin resistance (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-02-02
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is an important mediator of insulin resistance in obesity and diabetes through its ability to decrease the tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor (IR). Treatment of cultured murine adipocytes with TNF-alpha was shown to induce serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and convert IRS-1 into an inhibitor of the IR tyrosine kinase activity in vitro. Myeloid 32D cells, which lack endogenous IRS-1, were resistant to TNF-alpha-mediated inhibition of IR signaling, whereas transfected 32D cells that express IRS-1 were very sensitive to this effect of TNF-alpha. An inhibitory form of IRS-1 was observed in muscle and fat tissues from obese rats. These results indicate that TNF-alpha induces insulin resistance through an unexpected action of IRS-1 to attenuate insulin receptor signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hotamisligil, G S -- Peraldi, P -- Budavari, A -- Ellis, R -- White, M F -- Spiegelman, B M -- DK 42539/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Feb 2;271(5249):665-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8571133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/*metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; Insulin Resistance/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Obesity/*metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Rats, Zucker ; Receptor, Insulin/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    The science doctorate (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-02-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hotchkiss, C E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Feb 9;271(5250):745b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17796302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Merit, Quality, and the SIBR Program (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whalen, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 21;272(5269):1725a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17831837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 6
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    Persistent site-specific remodeling of a nucleosome array by transient action of the SWI/SNF complex (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-07-26
    Description: The SWI/SNF complex participates in the restructuring of chromatin for transcription. The function of the yeast SWI/SNF complex in the remodeling of a nucleosome array has now been analyzed in vitro. Binding of the purified SWI/SNF complex to a nucleosome array disrupted multiple nucleosomes in an adenosine triphosphate-dependent reaction. However, removal of SWI/SNF left a deoxyribonuclease I-hypersensitive site specifically at a nucleosome that was bound by derivatives of the transcription factor Gal4p. Analysis of individual nucleosomes revealed that the SWI/SNF complex catalyzed eviction of histones from the Gal4-bound nucleosomes. Thus, the transient action of the SWI/SNF complex facilitated irreversible disruption of transcription factor-bound nucleosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Owen-Hughes, T -- Utley, R T -- Cote, J -- Peterson, C L -- Workman, J L -- GM47867/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049650/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049650/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jul 26;273(5274):513-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-4500, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA, Fungal/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/*metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 7
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    Contraceptive technology. Panel wants to break R&D barrier (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 31;272(5266):1258.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8650534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Contraceptive Agents/economics ; *Drug Industry/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Female ; Humans ; Institute of Medicine (U.S.) ; Insurance, Health ; Liability, Legal ; Male ; *Research/economics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Explaining "linguistic features" of noncoding DNA (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonhoeffer, S -- Herz, A V -- Boerlijst, M C -- Nee, S -- Nowak, M A -- May, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jan 5;271(5245):14b-5b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17798153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Origin of replication of Mycoplasma genitalium (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lobry, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 3;272(5262):745-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8614839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Composition ; Chromosomes, Bacterial/*genetics ; DNA Replication ; Genome, Bacterial ; Mycoplasma/*genetics ; *Replication Origin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    CRNF, a molluscan neurotrophic factor that interacts with the p75 neurotrophin receptor (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-29
    Description: A 13.1-kilodalton protein, cysteine-rich neurotrophic factor (CRNF), was purified from the mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis by use of a binding assay on the p75 neurotrophin receptor. CRNF bound to p75 with nanomolar affinity but was not similar in sequence to neurotrophins or any other known gene product. CRNF messenger RNA expression was highest in adult foot subepithelial cells; in the central nervous system, expression was regulated by lesion. The factor evoked neurite outgrowth and modulated calcium currents in pedal motor neurons. Thus, CRNF may be involved in target-derived trophic support for motor neurons and could represent the prototype of another family of p75 ligands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fainzilber, M -- Smit, A B -- Syed, N I -- Wildering, W C -- Hermann -- van der Schors, R C -- Jimenez, C -- Li, K W -- van Minnen, J -- Bulloch, A G -- Ibanez, C F -- Geraerts, W P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 29;274(5292):1540-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Berzelius Laboratories Building, Doktorsringen 12A, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. michael@cajal.mbb.ki.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8929417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Calcium/metabolism ; Hemolymph/chemistry ; Humans ; Lymnaea/*chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Neurons/ultrastructure ; Nerve Growth Factors/chemistry/genetics/isolation & ; purification/metabolism/*physiology ; Neurites/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Just how old is that DNA, anyway? (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 10;272(5263):810.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8629007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amber/chemistry ; Amino Acids/*chemistry ; Animals ; DNA/*analysis/chemistry ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; *Paleontology ; Stereoisomerism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 12
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    Hippocampal cell death (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cahill, L -- Haigler, H J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 31;272(5266):1251a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17832184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    Late Pleistocene Desiccation of Lake Victoria and Rapid Evolution of Cichlid Fishes (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-23
    Description: Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and harbors more than 300 endemic species of haplochromine cichlid fish. Seismic reflection profiles and piston cores show that the lake not only was at a low stand but dried up completely during the Late Pleistocene, before 12,400 carbon-14 years before the present. These results imply that the rate of speciation of cichlid fish in this tropical lake has been extremely rapid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson -- Scholz -- Talbot -- Kelts -- Ricketts -- Ngobi -- Beuning -- Ssemmanda I -- McGill -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 23;273(5278):1091-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉T. C. Johnson and R. D. Ricketts, Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA. C. A. Scholz, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA. M. R. Talbot, Geological Institute, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway. K. Kelts, G. Ngobi, K. Beuning, Limnological Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. I. Ssemmanda, Department of Geology, Makerere University, Post Office Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. J. W. McGill, Embangweni Hospital, Post Office Box 7, Embangweni, Malawi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8688092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 14
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    Despite anxiety, NIH begins merging neuroscience panels (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 9;273(5276):731.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8701320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; *Neurosciences ; *Peer Review, Research ; *Psychology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 15
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    Ancient tides and length of day: correction (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sonett, C P -- Zakharian, A -- Kvale, E P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 15;274(5290):1068-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17799791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 16
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    Estimating the age of the common ancestor of men from the ZFY intron (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fu, Y X -- Li, W H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 31;272(5266):1356-7; author reply 1361-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8650550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Biological Evolution ; Confidence Intervals ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; *Genetics, Population ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Introns/*genetics ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; Male ; Mutation ; Population Density ; Probability ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Y Chromosome/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 17
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    Conformational states of the nuclear pore complex induced by depletion of nuclear Ca2+ stores (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-09-27
    Description: The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is essential for the transit of molecules between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of a cell and until recently was thought to allow intermediate-sized molecules (relative molecular mass of approximately 10,000) to diffuse freely across the nuclear envelope. However, the depletion of calcium from the nuclear envelope of Xenopus laevis oocytes was shown to regulate the passage of intermediate-sized molecules. Two distinct conformational states of the NPC were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. A central plug occluded the NPC channel after nuclear calcium stores had been depleted and free diffusion of intermediate-sized molecules had been blocked. Thus, the NPC conformation appears to gate molecular movement across the nuclear envelope.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perez-Terzic, C -- Pyle, J -- Jaconi, M -- Stehno-Bittel, L -- Clapham, D E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Sep 27;273(5283):1875-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8791595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Chelating Agents/pharmacology ; Diffusion ; Egtazic Acid/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Female ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/pharmacology ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nuclear Envelope/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Oocytes ; Xenopus laevis
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  • 18
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    Principles of chaperone-assisted protein folding: differences between in vitro and in vivo mechanisms (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-07
    Description: Molecular chaperones in the eukaryotic cytosol were shown to interact differently with chemically denatured proteins and their newly translated counterparts. During refolding from denaturant, actin partitioned freely between 70-kilodalton heat shock protein, the bulk cytosol, and the chaperonin TCP1-ring complex. In contrast, during cell-free translation, the chaperones were recruited to the elongating polypeptide and protected it from exposure to the bulk cytosol during folding. Posttranslational cycling between chaperone-bound and free states was observed with subunits of oligomeric proteins and with aberrant polypeptides; this cycling allowed the subunits to assemble and the aberrant polypeptides to be degraded. Thus, folding, oligomerization, and degradation are linked hierarchically to ensure the correct fate of newly synthesized polypeptides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frydman, J -- Hartl, F U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 7;272(5267):1497-502.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8633246" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Cell Extracts ; Chaperonin 60/chemistry/metabolism ; Chaperonin Containing TCP-1 ; Chaperonins/chemistry/metabolism ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Luciferases/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Chaperones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Peptides/chemistry/metabolism ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Denaturation ; *Protein Folding ; Reticulocytes ; Ribosomes/metabolism
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  • 19
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    Structure of staphylococcal alpha-hemolysin, a heptameric transmembrane pore (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-13
    Description: The structure of the Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin pore has been determined to 1.9 A resolution. Contained within the mushroom-shaped homo-oligomeric heptamer is a solvent-filled channel, 100 A in length, that runs along the sevenfold axis and ranges from 14 A to 46 A in diameter. The lytic, transmembrane domain comprises the lower half of a 14-strand antiparallel beta barrel, to which each protomer contributes two beta strands, each 65 A long. The interior of the beta barrel is primarily hydrophilic, and the exterior has a hydrophobic belt 28 A wide. The structure proves the heptameric subunit stoichiometry of the alpha-hemolysin oligomer, shows that a glycine-rich and solvent-exposed region of a water-soluble protein can self-assemble to form a transmembrane pore of defined structure, and provides insight into the principles of membrane interaction and transport activity of beta barrel pore-forming toxins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Song, L -- Hobaugh, M R -- Shustak, C -- Cheley, S -- Bayley, H -- Gouaux, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 13;274(5294):1859-66.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Chicago, 920 East 58 Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8943190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Toxins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hemolysin Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lipid Bilayers/*chemistry ; Membrane Potentials ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Staphylococcus aureus/*chemistry
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    The secreted product of Xenopus gene lunatic Fringe, a vertebrate signaling molecule (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-07-19
    Description: Signaling molecules are essential for vertebrate embryonic development. Here, two Xenopus homologs of the Drosophila gene fringe, lunatic Fringe (lFng) and radical Fringe (rFng), were identified and the protein product of lFng further characterized. The messenger RNA of lFng is supplied as a maternal message. Its product is a precursor protein consisting of pre-, pro-, and mature regions. The mature lunatic Fringe protein is secreted extracellularly, and it induced mesodermal tissue formation in animal cap assays. These results indicate that secreted lunatic Fringe can induce mesoderm and reveal that the Fringe proteins are a family of vertebrate signaling molecules.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2080353/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2080353/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, J Y -- Wen, L -- Zhang, W J -- Rao, Y -- R01 CA114197/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA114197-01A2/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY014576/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY014576-03/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070967/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070967-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jul 19;273(5273):355-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blastocyst/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Culture Techniques ; Drosophila Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Embryonic Development ; *Embryonic Induction ; *Glycosyltransferases ; Mesoderm/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology/secretion ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Xenopus/*embryology/genetics ; *Xenopus Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    Late permian extinctions (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caldeira, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 29;274(5292):1550b-1b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17817000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 22
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    Response: immunological tolerance (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fuchs, E J -- Ridge, J P -- Matzinger, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 7;272(5267):1406-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17770866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 23
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    Toxicology of a PFPE surfactant (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnston, K P -- Randolph, T -- Bright, F -- Howdle, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 21;272(5269):1726.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8650561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Ethers/*toxicity ; Fluorocarbons/*toxicity ; Liver/*drug effects ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Rats ; Surface-Active Agents/*toxicity
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    Federal funding. Appropriators bullish on biomedicine (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 21;272(5269):1733.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8650563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; Financing, Government ; Hospital Design and Construction/economics ; Hospitals, Federal/economics ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 25
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    DNA looping and lac repressor-CAP interaction (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perros, M -- Steitz, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 13;274(5294):1929-30; author reply 1931-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8984647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein/*metabolism ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; *Lac Operon ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Operator Regions, Genetic ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 26
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    HIV-1 Langerhans' cell tropism associated with heterosexual transmission of HIV (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-03-01
    Description: Heterosexual transmission by vaginal intercourse accounts for most transmission of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) in Africa and Asia but is less important in the HIV-1 epidemics of the United States and Western Europe. Epithelial Langerhans' cells (LCs) represent a possible source of initial cell contact for vaginal infection. Fifteen primary isolates of HIV-1 from U.S. homosexuals and 18 HIV-1 isolates from Thailand heterosexuals were evaluated for growth in LCs of U.S. origin. All the viruses from the Thai heterosexuals, which were subtype E, grew more efficiently in the LCs than any of the viruses from the U.S. homosexuals, which are subtype B. These results suggest that LC tropism is associated with the efficiency of heterosexual transmission of HIV.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soto-Ramirez, L E -- Renjifo, B -- McLane, M F -- Marlink, R -- O'Hara, C -- Sutthent, R -- Wasi, C -- Vithayasai, P -- Vithayasai, V -- Apichartpiyakul, C -- Auewarakul, P -- Pena Cruz, V -- Chui, D S -- Osathanondh, R -- Mayer, K -- Lee, T H -- Essex, M -- 5 D43 TW0004/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- CA 39805/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL 33774/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 1;271(5253):1291-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard AIDS Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8638113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; HIV Core Protein p24/analysis ; HIV Infections/*transmission/virology ; HIV-1/classification/*growth & development/isolation & purification ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Langerhans Cells/*virology ; Macrophages/virology ; Male ; Monocytes/virology ; *Sexual Behavior ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/*transmission/virology ; T-Lymphocytes/virology ; Thailand ; United States ; Virus Replication
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    Fine-Scale Doppler Radar Observations of Tornadoes (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-21
    Description: Observations obtained with a mobile pencil-beam Doppler radar revealed many previously unresolved structures within tornadic storms and tornadoes and helped verify various aspects of conceptual models. Radar data from the parent circulations indicate the existence of spiral reflectivity bands, intense radial wind shear zones, and multiple larger-scale velocity maxima. Tornado structures observed include debris shields, clear axial (eye) regions, multiple reflectivity bands surrounding the center of the eye, and occasional reflectivity protrusions into the eye. Velocity and reflectivity data from tornado-scale circulations show evidence of axial downdrafts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wurman -- Straka -- Rasmussen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 21;272(5269):1774-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉J. Wurman, School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd Street, Norman, OK 73019, USA. J. M. Straka, School of Meteorology, Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms and Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd Street, Norman, OK 73019, USA. E. N. Rasmussen, National Severe Storms Laboratory, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Visualization of gene expression in living adult Drosophila (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-11
    Description: To identify genes involved in the patterning of adult structures, Gal4-UAS (upstream activating site) technology was used to visualize patterns of gene expression directly in living flies. A large number of Gal4 insertion lines were generated and their expression patterns were studied. In addition to identifying several characterized developmental genes, the approach revealed previously unsuspected genetic subdivisions of the thorax, which may control the disposition of pattern elements. The boundary between two of these domains coincides with localized expression of the signaling molecule wingless.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Calleja, M -- Moreno, E -- Pelaz, S -- Morata, G -- RG-372/94/RG/CSR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Oct 11;274(5285):252-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centro de Biologia Molecular, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid 28049, Spain. gmorata@mvax.cbm.uam.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8824191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Drosophila/*genetics/growth & development ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genes ; Genes, Developmental ; *Genes, Insect ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Thorax/growth & development ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Wnt1 Protein
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    Disputed results now just a footnote (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jul 12;273(5272):174-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8668989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/*immunology ; Hybridomas ; Immune System/*immunology ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic
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  • 30
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    Toxicology of a PFPE Surfactant (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnston, K P -- Randolph, T -- Bright, F -- Howdle, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 21;272(5269):1726b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17831840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 31
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    Abnormal centrosome amplification in the absence of p53 (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-03-22
    Description: The centrosome plays a vital role in mitotic fidelity, ensuring establishment of bipolar spindles and balanced chromosome segregation. Centrosome duplication occurs only once during the cell cycle and is therefore highly regulated. Here, it is shown that in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking the p53 tumor suppressor protein, multiple copies of functionally competent centrosomes are generated during a single cell cycle. In contrast, MEFs prepared from normal mice or mice deficient in the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene product do not display these abnormalities. The abnormally amplified centrosomes profoundly affect mitotic fidelity, resulting in unequal segregation of chromosomes. These observations implicate p53 in the regulation of centrosome duplication and suggest one possible mechanism by which the loss of p53 may cause genetic instability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fukasawa, K -- Choi, T -- Kuriyama, R -- Rulong, S -- Vande Woude, G F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 22;271(5256):1744-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉ABL-Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8596939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood ; Cells, Cultured ; Centrosome/*metabolism ; Culture Media ; Fibroblasts ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Genes, p53 ; *Interphase ; Mice ; *Mitosis ; Spindle Apparatus/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*physiology
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    Role of lipid polymorphism in pulmonary surfactant (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-07-19
    Description: The development of artificial surfactants for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) requires lipid systems that can spread rapidly from solution to the air-water interface. Because hydration-repulsion forces stabilize liposomal bilayers and oppose spreading, liposome systems that undergo geometric rearrangement from the bilayer (lamellar) phase to the hexagonal II (HII) phase could hasten lipid transfer to the air-water interface through unstable transition intermediates. A liposome system containing dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine was designed; the system is stable at 23 degrees C but undergoes transformation to the HII phase as the temperature increases to 37 degrees C. The spreading of lipid from this system to the air-water interface was rapid at 37 degrees C but slow at 23 degrees C. When tested in vivo in a neonatal rabbit model, such systems elicited an onset of action equal to that of native human surfactant. These findings suggest that lipid polymorphic phase behavior may have a crucial role in the effective functioning of pulmonary surfactant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perkins, W R -- Dause, R B -- Parente, R A -- Minchey, S R -- Neuman, K C -- Gruner, S M -- Taraschi, T F -- Janoff, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jul 19;273(5273):330-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Liposome Company, Inc., 1 Research Way, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/*chemistry/pharmacology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Chemistry, Physical ; Cholesterol/*chemistry/pharmacology ; Lipid Bilayers ; Liposomes/*chemistry/pharmacology ; Lung Compliance/*drug effects ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/*chemistry/pharmacology ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Pulmonary Surfactants/*chemistry/pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Surface Properties ; Surface Tension ; Temperature ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    Turbulence hits wall (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perry, A E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 23;273(5278):1031a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17817623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 34
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    Hippocampal cell death (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cahill, L -- Haigler, H J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 31;272(5266):1251.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8650532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*pharmacology ; *Aging ; Animals ; Cell Death ; Enkephalin, Methionine/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/*cytology ; Humans ; Memory ; Pyramidal Cells/cytology/*drug effects/physiology ; Rats
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    RAC regulation of actin polymerization and proliferation by a pathway distinct from Jun kinase (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-11-22
    Description: The RAC guanine nucleotide binding proteins regulate multiple biological activities, including actin polymerization, activation of the Jun kinase (JNK) cascade, and cell proliferation. RAC effector loop mutants were identified that separate the ability of RAC to interact with different downstream effectors. One mutant of activated human RAC protein, RACV12H40 (with valine and histidine substituted at position 12 and 40, respectively), was defective in binding to PAK3, a Ste20-related p21-activated kinase (PAK), but bound to POR1, a RAC-binding protein. This mutant failed to stimulate PAK and JNK activity but still induced membrane ruffling and mediated transformation. A second mutant, RACV12L37 (with leucine substituted at position 37), which bound PAK but not POR1, induced JNK activation but was defective in inducing membrane ruffling and transformation. These results indicate that the effects of RAC on the JNK cascade and on actin polymerization and cell proliferation are mediated by distinct effector pathways that diverge at the level of RAC itself.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joneson, T -- McDonough, M -- Bar-Sagi, D -- Van Aelst, L -- CA55360/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 22;274(5291):1374-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8910277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Actins/*metabolism ; *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; *Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Mice ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Mutagenesis ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Rats ; Transfection ; p21-Activated Kinases ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins
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    Categorical perception of sound frequency by crickets (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-09-13
    Description: Partitioning continuously varying stimuli into categories is a fundamental problem of perception. One solution to this problem, categorical perception, is known primarily from human speech, but also occurs in other modalities and in some mammals and birds. Categorical perception was tested in crickets by using two paradigms of human psychophysics, labeling and habituation-dishabituation. The results show that crickets divide sound frequency categorically between attractive (〈16 kilohertz) and repulsive (〉16 kilohertz) sounds. There is sharp discrimination between these categories but no discrimination between different frequencies of ultrasound. This demonstration of categorical perception in an invertebrate suggests that categorical perception may be a basic and widespread feature of sensory systems, from humans to invertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wyttenbach, R A -- May, M L -- Hoy, R R -- K05-MH1148/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01-CD00103/CD/ODCDC CDC HHS/ -- T32-MN15793/MN/OMHHE CDC HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Sep 13;273(5281):1542-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8703214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Auditory Perception ; Gryllidae/*physiology ; *Pitch Discrimination
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    Hot property: biologists who compute (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 21;272(5269):1730-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8650562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Biotechnology/manpower ; DNA/genetics ; Databases, Factual ; Drug Industry/*manpower ; Humans ; Information Science/education/*manpower ; Molecular Biology/*manpower ; Universities
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    Megajoules and other missions (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campbell, E M -- Browne, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jan 12;271(5246):130b-2b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17793394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 39
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    U1-mediated exon definition interactions between AT-AC and GT-AG introns (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-08
    Description: A minor class of metazoan introns has well-conserved splice sites with 5'-AU-AC-3' boundaries, compared to the 5'-GU-AG-3' boundaries and degenerate splice sites of conventional introns. Splicing of the AT-AC intron 2 of a sodium channel (SCN4A) precursor messenger RNA in vitro did not require inhibition of conventional splicing and required adenosine triphosphate, magnesium, and U12 small nuclear RNA (snRNA). When exon 3 was followed by the 5' splice site from the downstream conventional intron, splicing of intron 2 was greatly stimulated. This effect was U1 snRNA-dependent, unlike the basal AT-AC splicing reaction. Therefore, U1-mediated exon definition interactions can coordinate the activities of major and minor spliceosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Q -- Krainer, A R -- GM42699/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 8;274(5289):1005-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Post Office Box 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724-2208, USA. krainer@cshl.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8875927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Exons ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; *Introns ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Small Nuclear/*metabolism ; Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small Nuclear/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/metabolism ; Sodium Channels/*genetics ; Spliceosomes/genetics
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    Inhibition of myogenic bHLH and MEF2 transcription factors by the bHLH protein Twist (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-06-07
    Description: The myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and MEF2 transcription factors are expressed in the myotome of developing somites and cooperatively activate skeletal muscle gene expression. The bHLH protein Twist is expressed throughout the epithelial somite and is subsequently excluded from the myotome. Ectopically expressed mouse Twist (Mtwist) was shown to inhibit myogenesis by blocking DNA binding by MyoD, by titrating E proteins, and by inhibiting trans-activation by MEF2. For inhibition of MEF2, Mtwist required heterodimerization with E proteins and an intact basic domain and carboxyl-terminus. Thus, Mtwist inhibits both families of myogenic regulators and may regulate myotome formation temporally or spatially.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spicer, D B -- Rhee, J -- Cheung, W L -- Lassar, A B -- 5-F32-AR08214-02/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 7;272(5267):1476-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8633239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Creatine Kinase/genetics ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila ; Drosophila Proteins ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs/*physiology ; Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1 ; MEF2 Transcription Factors ; Mice ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology/metabolism ; MyoD Protein/metabolism/physiology ; Myogenic Regulatory Factors ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/metabolism/*physiology ; *Repressor Proteins ; TCF Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein ; Transcription Factors/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Twist Transcription Factor
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    Identification of BIME as a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-11-15
    Description: The initiation of anaphase and exit from mitosis require the activation of a proteolytic system that ubiquitinates and degrades cyclin B. The regulated component of this system is a large ubiquitin ligase complex, termed the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) or cyclosome. Purified Xenopus laevis APC was found to be composed of eight major subunits, at least four of which became phosphorylated in mitosis. In addition to CDC27, CDC16, and CDC23, APC contained a homolog of Aspergillus nidulans BIME, a protein essential for anaphase. Because mutation of bimE can bypass the interphase arrest induced by either nimA mutation or unreplicated DNA, it appears that ubiquitination catalyzed by APC may also negatively regulate entry into mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peters, J M -- King, R W -- Hoog, C -- Kirschner, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 15;274(5290):1199-201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8895470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Anaphase ; Animals ; Aspergillus/chemistry/cytology/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Cyclins/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Fungal Proteins/analysis/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Ligases/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Mitosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Ovum ; Phosphorylation ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Xenopus laevis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    NIH panel urges overhaul of the rating system for grants (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 31;272(5266):1257.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8650533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Financing, Government ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Peer Review, Research ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Appetite-suppressing effects of urocortin, a CRF-related neuropeptide (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-09-13
    Description: The neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is well known to act on the central nervous system in ways that mimic stress and result in decreases in exploration, increases in sympathetic activity, decreases in parasympathetic outflow, and decreases in appetitive behavior. Urocortin, a neuropeptide related to CRF, binds with high affinity to the CRF2 receptor, is more potent than CRF in suppressing appetite, but is less potent than CRF in producing anxiety-like effects and activation. Doses as low as 10 nanograms injected intracerebroventricularly were effective in decreasing food intake in food-deprived and free-feeding rats. These results suggest that urocortin may be an endogenous CRF-like factor in the brain responsible for the effects of stress on appetite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spina, M -- Merlo-Pich, E -- Chan, R K -- Basso, A M -- Rivier, J -- Vale, W -- Koob, G F -- 1 F05 TW05262/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- DK 26741/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Sep 13;273(5281):1561-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuropharmacology, Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8703220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Appetite/*drug effects ; Appetite Depressants/administration & dosage/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Eating/drug effects ; Fasting ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism ; Urocortins ; Urotensins/pharmacology
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    Pilus assembly by Agrobacterium T-DNA transfer genes (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-08-23
    Description: Agrobacterium tumefaciens can genetically transform eukaryotic cells. In many bacteria, pili are required for interbacterial DNA transfer. The formation of pili by Agrobacterium required induction of tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid-encoded virulence genes and growth at low temperature. A genetic analysis demonstrated that virA, virG, virB1 through virB11, and virD4 are the only Ti plasmid genes necessary for pilus assembly. The loss and gain of pili in various mutants correlated with the loss and gain of transferred DNA (T-DNA) transfer functions, which is consistent with the view that Agrobacterium pili are required for transfer of DNA to plant cells in a process similar to that of conjugation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fullner, K J -- Lara, J C -- Nester, E W -- GM32618/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 23;273(5278):1107-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7242, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8688097" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens/*genetics/growth & ; development/pathogenicity/*ultrastructure ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/physiology ; DNA, Bacterial/*genetics/physiology ; Fimbriae, Bacterial/*ultrastructure ; Genes, Bacterial ; Plasmids/*genetics ; *Transformation, Genetic ; Virulence
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    Cold neutron production (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-11-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jorgensen, J D -- Carpenter, J M -- Aeppli, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 22;274(5291):1288b-9b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17772039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Response: canavan gene therapy protocol (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 24;272(5265):1085b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17792620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 47
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    Stimulation of membrane ruffling and MAP kinase activation by distinct effectors of RAS (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-02-09
    Description: The RAS guanine nucleotide binding proteins activate multiple signaling events that regulate cell growth and differentiation. In quiescent fibroblasts, ectopic expression of activated H-RAS (H-RASV12, where V12 indicates valine-12) induces membrane ruffling, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation, and stimulation of DNA synthesis. A mutant of activated H-RAS, H-RASV12C40 (where C40 indicates cysteine-40), was identified that was defective for MAP kinase activation and stimulation of DNA synthesis, but retained the ability to induce membrane ruffling. Another mutant of activated H-RAS, H-RASV12S35 (where S35 indicates serine-35), which activates MAP kinase, was defective for stimulation of membrane ruffling and induction of DNA synthesis. Expression of both mutants resulted in a stimulation of DNA synthesis that was comparable to that induced by H-RASV12. These results indicate that membrane ruffling and activation of MAP kinase represent distinct RAS effector pathways and that input from both pathways is required for the mitogenic activity of RAS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joneson, T -- White, M A -- Wigler, M H -- Bar-Sagi, D -- CA 55360/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Feb 9;271(5250):810-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8628998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*ultrastructure ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Microinjections ; Mutation ; Plasmids ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins ; ras Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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    New Routes in the Preparation of Mechanically Hard Films (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-08-16
    Description: Superhard nitride superlattice coatings with nanometer-scale multilayers have hardnesses exceeding 50 gigapascals, making these films highly resistant to abrasion. The nitride superlattice films can be deposited economically by reactive sputtering in production-size equipment on a variety of substrates. A model for the superlattice strength enhancement has been developed that accurately predicts which materials can be used together to produce the enhanced hardness. Advancements in sputtering technology-specifically, pulsed dc power and reactive-gas partial-pressure control-make it possible to reactively deposit nonconducting oxide films at high deposition rates. This technology is being used along with the superlattice strength model in the development of oxide superlattice films.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sproul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 16;273(5277):889-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The author is with BIRL, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA. E-mail: wsproul@nwu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8688063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    An enhanced immune response in mice lacking the transcription factor NFAT1 (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-05-10
    Description: Transcription factors of the NFAT family are thought to play a major role in regulating the expression of cytokine genes and other inducible genes during the immune response. The role of NFAT1 was investigated by targeted disruption of the NFAT1 gene. Unexpectedly, cells from NFAT1 -/- mice showed increased primary responses to Leishmania major and mounted increased secondary responses to ovalbumin in vitro. In an in vivo model of allergic inflammation, the accumulation of eosinophils and levels of serum immunoglobulin E were increased in NFAT1 -/- mice. These results suggest that NFAT1 exerts a negative regulatory influence on the immune response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xanthoudakis, S -- Viola, J P -- Shaw, K T -- Luo, C -- Wallace, J D -- Bozza, P T -- Luk, D C -- Curran, T -- Rao, A -- CA42471/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM46227/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 10;272(5263):892-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurogenetics Program, Department of CNS Research, Hoffmann-LaRoche, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8629027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/immunology ; Cell Line ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Eosinophils/immunology ; Gene Targeting ; Hypersensitivity/*immunology ; *Immunity ; Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis ; Immunologic Memory ; Leishmania major/immunology ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Ovalbumin/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology
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    Programmed cell death (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fulton, A B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Oct 4;274(5284):20-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8848715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; *Biological Evolution ; *Chlorophyta ; *Plants
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    Hyakutake produces another surprise (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peterson, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 31;272(5266):1263-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8650536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ethane/*analysis ; *Meteoroids ; Methane/*analysis
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    Friedreich's ataxia: autosomal recessive disease caused by an intronic GAA triplet repeat expansion (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-03-08
    Description: Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive, degenerative disease that involves the central and peripheral nervous systems and the heart. A gene, X25, was identified in the critical region for the FRDA locus on chromosome 9q13. This gene encodes a 210-amino acid protein, frataxin, that has homologs in distant species such as Caenorhabditis elegans and yeast. A few FRDA patients were found to have point mutations in X25, but the majority were homozygous for an unstable GAA trinucleotide expansion in the first X25 intron.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campuzano, V -- Montermini, L -- Molto, M D -- Pianese, L -- Cossee, M -- Cavalcanti, F -- Monros, E -- Rodius, F -- Duclos, F -- Monticelli, A -- Zara, F -- Canizares, J -- Koutnikova, H -- Bidichandani, S I -- Gellera, C -- Brice, A -- Trouillas, P -- De Michele, G -- Filla, A -- De Frutos, R -- Palau, F -- Patel, P I -- Di Donato, S -- Mandel, J L -- Cocozza, S -- Koenig, M -- Pandolfo, M -- 722/Telethon/Italy -- NS34192/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 8;271(5254):1423-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department de Genetica, University of Valencia, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8596916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/*genetics ; DNA Primers ; Female ; Friedreich Ataxia/*genetics ; Genes, Recessive ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; *Introns ; *Iron-Binding Proteins ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; *Trinucleotide Repeats
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    Programmed cell death (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fulton, A B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Oct 4;274(5284):20b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17740841" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Long-Range (Casimir) Interactions (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-07
    Description: Normally, nonrelativistic electromagnetic theory with two-particle Coulombic interactions adequately determines the interaction potential of systems A and B if the systems are composed of particles with characteristic velocities much less than the speed of light. If, however, the time it takes light to travel between A and B exceeds a characteristic oscillation period of A or B, the way in which the potential function depends on the separation of the systems can be altered. Called the Casimir effect, it has only recently been confirmed, and it arises in physics, chemistry, and biology. It is the clearest physical manifestation of the fact that, even in a vacuum, electromagnetic fields cannot all vanish.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spruch -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 7;272(5267):1452-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The author is with the Department of Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Plagiarism in china (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cao, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 13;274(5294):1821a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17843010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Antigen presentation and T cell development in H2-M-deficient mice (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-03-01
    Description: HLA-DM (DM) facilitates peptide loading of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules in human cell lines. Mice lacking functional H2-M, the mouse equivalent of DM, have normal amounts of class II molecules at the cell surface, but most of these are associated with invariant chain-derived CLIP peptides. These mice contain large numbers of CD4+ T cells, which is indicative of positive selection in the thymus. Their CD4+ cells were unresponsive to self H2-M-deficient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) but were hyperreactive to wild-type APCs. H2-M-deficient APCs failed to elicit proliferative responses from wild-type T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fung-Leung, W P -- Surh, C D -- Liljedahl, M -- Pang, J -- Leturcq, D -- Peterson, P A -- Webb, S R -- Karlsson, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 1;271(5253):1278-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8638109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/*immunology ; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/immunology/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Targeting ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Isoantigens/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation
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    Complex Optical Surfaces Formed by Replica Molding Against Elastomeric Masters (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-07-19
    Description: Complex, optically functional surfaces in organic polymers can be fabricated by replicating relief structures present on the surface of an elastomeric master with an ultraviolet or thermally curable organic polymer, while the master is deformed by compression, bending, or stretching. The versatility of this procedure for fabricating surfaces with complex, micrometer- and submicrometer-scale patterns was demonstrated by the production of (i) diffraction gratings with periods smaller than the original grating; (ii) chirped, blazed diffraction gratings (where the period of a chirped grating changes continuously with position) on planar and curved surfaces; (iii) patterned microfeatures on the surfaces of approximately hemispherical objects (for example, an optical surface similar to a fly's eye); and (iv) arrays of rhombic microlenses. These topologically complex, micropatterned surfaces are difficult to fabricate with other techniques.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xia -- Kim -- Zhao -- Rogers -- Prentiss -- Whitesides -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jul 19;273(5273):347-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Y. Xia, E. Kim, X.-M. Zhao, J. A. Rogers, G. M. Whitesides, Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. M. Prentiss, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    A Benzene-Thermal Synthetic Route to Nanocrystalline GaN (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-28
    Description: A thermal reaction of Li3N and GaCl3 in which benzene was used as the solvent under pressure has been carried out for the preparation of 30-nanometer particles of gallium nitride (GaN) at 280°C. This temperature is much lower than that of traditional methods, and the yield of GaN reached 80%. The x-ray powder diffraction pattern indicated that sample was mainly hexagonal-phase GaN with a small fraction of rocksalt-phase GaN, which has a lattice constant a = 4.100 angstroms. This rocksalt structure, which had been observed previously only under high pressure (at least 37 gigapascals) was observed directly with high-resolution electron microscopy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xie -- Qian -- Wang -- Zhang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 28;272(5270):1926-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Y. Xie and Y. Qian, Structure Research Laboratory and Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China. W. Wang, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China. S. Zhang and Y. Zhang, Structure Research Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Amide cleavage by a ribozyme: correction (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joyce, G F -- Dai, X -- De Mesmaeker, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Apr 5;272(5258):18c-9c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17789965" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    'Natural' cancer prevention trial halted (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peterson, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jan 26;271(5248):441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8560251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticarcinogenic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Asbestos/adverse effects ; Carotenoids/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; *Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Heart Diseases/prevention & control ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/etiology/*prevention & control ; Neoplasms/*prevention & control ; Smoking/*adverse effects ; beta Carotene
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    Electrical Properties of the Venus Surface from Bistatic Radar Observations (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-06-14
    Description: A bistatic radar experiment in 1994, involving reception on Earth of a specularly reflected, linearly polarized 13-centimeter-wavelength signal transmitted from the Magellan spacecraft in orbit around Venus, has established that the surface materials viewed at low and intermediate altitudes on Venus have a relative dielectric permittivity of 4.0 ± 0.5. However, bistatic results for the Maxwell Montes highlands imply an electrically lossy surface with an imaginary dielectric permittivity of -i 100 ± 50, probably associated with a specific conductivity of about 13 mhos per meter. Candidates for highlands surface composition include ferroelectrics, a thin frost of elemental tellurium, or a plating of magnetite or pyrites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pettengill -- Ford -- Simpson -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 14;272(5268):1628-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉G. H. Pettengill and P. G. Ford, Center for Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. R. A. Simpson, Center for Radar Astronomy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Photolysis of the carbon monoxide complex of myoglobin: nanosecond time-resolved crystallography (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-12-06
    Description: The biological activity of macromolecules is accompanied by rapid structural changes. The photosensitivity of the carbon monoxide complex of myoglobin was used at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility to obtain pulsed, Laue x-ray diffraction data with nanosecond time resolution during the process of heme and protein relaxation after carbon monoxide photodissociation and during rebinding. These time-resolved experiments reveal the structures of myoglobin photoproducts, provide a structural foundation to spectroscopic results and molecular dynamics calculations, and demonstrate that time-resolved macromolecular crystallography can elucidate the structural bases of biochemical mechanisms on the nanosecond time scale.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Srajer, V -- Teng, T -- Ursby, T -- Pradervand, C -- Ren, Z -- Adachi, S -- Schildkamp, W -- Bourgeois, D -- Wulff, M -- Moffat, K -- GM 36452/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR 07707/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 6;274(5293):1726-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8939867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon Monoxide/chemistry/metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallography, X-Ray/*methods ; Fourier Analysis ; Globins/chemistry ; Heme/chemistry ; Histidine/chemistry ; Iron/chemistry ; Ligands ; Myoglobin/*chemistry/metabolism ; Photolysis ; Temperature ; Time Factors
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    A Statistical Model of the Fluctuations in the Geomagnetic Field from Paleosecular Variation to Reversal (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-08-09
    Description: The statistical characteristics of the local magnetic field of Earth during paleosecular variation, excursions, and reversals are described on the basis of a database that gathers the cleaned mean direction and average remanent intensity of 2741 lava flows that have erupted over the last 20 million years. A model consisting of a normally distributed axial dipole component plus an independent isotropic set of vectors with a Maxwellian distribution that simulates secular variation fits the range of geomagnetic fluctuations, in terms of both direction and intensity. This result suggests that the magnitude of secular variation vectors is independent of the magnitude of Earth's axial dipole moment and that the amplitude of secular variation is unchanged during reversals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Camps -- Prevot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 9;273(5276):776-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Tectonique et Geophysique, Unite Associee au CNRS case 060, Universite de Montpellier 2, Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8670413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Rifkin's latest target: genetic testing (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 24;272(5265):1094.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8638150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: BRCA1 Protein ; BRCA2 Protein ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Confidentiality ; Female ; *Genes ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Privacy ; *Genetic Research ; *Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; *Patents as Topic ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; United States
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    Probing Collective Motions of Terminally Anchored Polymers (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-12-20
    Description: Polymer chains attached by one end to an impenetrable surface at high coverage exemplify a tethered layer of mesoscopic dimensions. At equilibrium, thermal fluctuations of the segment density profile of the brushlike layer reflect the tethered chain dynamics; the probing of these fluctuations by evanescent-wave dynamic light scattering is reported. By utilizing a set of terminally attached layers with thicknesses (L0) from 45 to 130 nanometers, it was found that there is a preferred wavelength of order L0 of these fluctuations with a concurrent slowing down of their thermal decay rate. This technique could open the route for the investigation of the largely unexplored area of polymer surface dynamics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fytas -- Anastasiadis -- Seghrouchni -- Vlassopoulos -- Li -- Factor -- Theobald -- Toprakcioglu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2041-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, P.O. Box 1527, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Maya Blue Paint: An Ancient Nanostructured Material (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-07-12
    Description: Maya blue paint was often used in Mesoamerica. The origin of its color and its resistance to acids and biocorrosion have not been fully understood. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and x-ray microanalysis studies of authentic samples show that palygorskite crystals in the paint form a superlattice that probably occurs as a result of mixing with indigo molecules. An amorphous silicate substrate contains inclusions of metal nanoparticles encapsulated in the substrate and oxide nanoparticles on the surface. The beautiful tone of the color is obtained only when both the particles and the superlattice are present.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jose-Yacaman -- Rendon -- Arenas -- Serra Puche MC -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jul 12;273(5272):223-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉M. Jose-Yacaman and L. Rendon, Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apdo. Postal 20-364, Delegacion Alvaro Obregon, 01000 Mexico, D.F., Mexico. J. Arenas, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carr. Mexico-Toluca Km. 36.5, 52045 Salazar Edo. de Mexico. M. C. Serra Puche, Museo Nacional de Antropologia, Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Paseo de la Reforma y Gandhi s/n, Polanco, 11560 Mexico, D.F., Mexico.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Coupling of the RAS-MAPK pathway to gene activation by RSK2, a growth factor-regulated CREB kinase (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-16
    Description: A signaling pathway has been elucidated whereby growth factors activate the transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB), a critical regulator of immediate early gene transcription. Growth factor-stimulated CREB phosphorylation at serine-133 is mediated by the RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. MAPK activates CREB kinase, which in turn phosphorylates and activates CREB. Purification, sequencing, and biochemical characterization of CREB kinase revealed that it is identical to a member of the pp90(RSK) family, RSK2. RSK2 was shown to mediate growth factor induction of CREB serine-133 phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo. These findings identify a cellular function for RSK2 and define a mechanism whereby growth factor signals mediated by RAS and MAPK are transmitted to the nucleus to activate gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xing, J -- Ginty, D D -- Greenberg, M E -- CA43855/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS34814-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30-HD18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 16;273(5277):959-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8688081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/*metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Growth Substances/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Rats ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases ; *Signal Transduction ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; ras Proteins/metabolism
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    Modulation of virulence factor expression by pathogen target cell contact (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-30
    Description: Upon contact with the eukaryotic cell, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis increased the rate of transcription of virulence genes (yop), as determined by in situ monitoring of light emission from individual bacteria expressing luciferase under the control of the yopE promoter. The microbe-host interaction triggered export of LcrQ, a negative regulator of Yop expression, via the Yop-type III secretion system. The intracellular concentration of LcrQ was thereby lowered, resulting in increased expression of Yops. These results suggest a key role for the type III secretion system of pathogenic bacteria to coordinate secretion with expression of virulence factors after physical contact with the target cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pettersson, J -- Nordfelth, R -- Dubinina, E -- Bergman, T -- Gustafsson, M -- Magnusson, K E -- Wolf-Watz, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 30;273(5279):1231-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Umea, S-901 87 Umea, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8703058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bacterial Adhesion ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics/secretion ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*secretion ; Calcium/metabolism ; Culture Media ; Cytosol/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mutation ; Up-Regulation ; Virulence/*genetics ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/genetics/metabolism/*pathogenicity
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    Cooperative DNA binding and sequence-selective recognition conferred by the STAT amino-terminal domain (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-09
    Description: STAT proteins (signal transducers and activators of transcription) activate distinct target genes despite having similar DNA binding preferences. The transcriptional specificity of STAT proteins was investigated on natural STAT binding sites near the interferon-gamma gene. These sites are arranged in multiple copies and required cooperative interactions for STAT binding. The conserved amino-terminal domain of STAT proteins was required for cooperative DNA binding, although this domain was not essential for dimerization or binding to a single site. Cooperative binding interactions enabled the STAT proteins to recognize variations of the consensus site. These sites can be specific for the different STAT proteins and may function to direct selective transcriptional activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, X -- Sun, Y L -- Hoey, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 9;273(5276):794-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tularik, Two Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8670419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/genetics ; Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; STAT4 Transcription Factor ; Sequence Deletion ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    UCSF, Stanford hospitals to merge (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 17;272(5264):944.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8638133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: California ; *Health Facility Merger ; Hospitals, University/*organization & administration ; Research ; Schools, Medical/*organization & administration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    IRAK: a kinase associated with the interleukin-1 receptor (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-02-23
    Description: The pleiotropic biological activities of interleukin-1 (IL-1) are mediated by its type I receptor (IL-1RI). When the ligand binds, IL-1RI initiates a signaling cascade that results in the activation of the transcription regulator nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). A protein kinase designated IRAK (IL-1 receptor-associated kinase) was purified, and its complementary DNA was molecularly cloned. When human embryonic kidney cells (cell line 293) over-expressing IL-1RI or HeLa cells were exposed to IL-1, IRAK rapidly associated with the IL-1RI complex and was phosphorylated. The primary amino acid sequence of IRAK shares similarity with that of Pelle, a protein kinase that is essential for the activation of a NF-kappa B homolog in Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cao, Z -- Henzel, W J -- Gao, X -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Feb 23;271(5252):1128-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Department, Tularik, Incorporated, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8599092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Drosophila ; *Drosophila Proteins ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry ; Receptors, Interleukin-1/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Academy's about-face on forensic DNA (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 10;272(5263):803-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8629004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *DNA Fingerprinting/standards ; Ethnic Groups/genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; *National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Probability ; United States
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    Varmus proposes to scrap the RAC (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 17;272(5264):945.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8638134" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; DNA, Recombinant ; *Ethical Review ; Federal Government ; *Genetic Therapy ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research ; United States
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    Resistance to Leishmania major induced by tolerance to a single antigen (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-18
    Description: In mice, susceptibility to Leishmania major is associated with the early expansion of T helper 2 cells (TH2) cells, but nothing is known of the specificity of these cells. A previously identified antigen, Leishmania homolog of receptors for activated C kinase (LACK), was found to be the focus of this initial response. Mice made tolerant to LACK by the transgenic expression of the antigen in the thymus exhibited both a diminished TH2 response and a healing phenotype. Thus, T cells that are activated early and are reactive to a single antigen play a pivotal role in directing the immune response to the entire parasite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Julia, V -- Rassoulzadegan, M -- Glaichenhaus, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Oct 18;274(5286):421-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8832890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/*immunology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunization ; Interleukin-4/secretion ; Interleukin-5/secretion ; Leishmania major/*immunology ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/*immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; Protozoan Proteins/*immunology ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/*immunology
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    Functional evidence for indirect recognition of G.U in tRNA(Ala) by alanyl-tRNA synthetase (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-01-12
    Description: The structural features of the G.U wobble pair in Escherichia coli alanine transfer RNA (tRNA(Ala)) that are associated with aminoacylation by alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS) were investigated in vivo for wild-type tRNA(Ala) and mutant tRNAs with G.U substitutions. tRNA(Ala) with G.U, C.A, or G.A gave similar amounts of charged tRNA(Ala) and supported viability of E. coli lacking chromosomal tRNA(Ala) genes. tRNA(Ala) with G.C was inactive. Recognition of G.U by AlaRS thus requires more than the functional groups on G.U in a regular helix and may involve detection of a helical distortion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gabriel, K -- Schneider, J -- McClain, W H -- GM42123/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jan 12;271(5246):195-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8539617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alanine-tRNA Ligase/*metabolism ; Anticodon ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Escherichia coli/genetics/growth & development ; Genes, Bacterial ; Guanine/chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Plasmids ; RNA, Transfer, Ala/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Uracil/chemistry
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    Solar and thermal radiation in Jupiter's atmosphere: initial results of the Galileo probe net flux radiometer (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-05-10
    Description: The Galileo probe net flux radiometer measured radiation within Jupiter's atmosphere over the 125-kilometer altitude range between pressures of 0.44 bar and 14 bars. Evidence for the expected ammonia cloud was seen in solar and thermal channels down to 0.5 to 0.6 bar. Between 0.6 and 10 bars large thermal fluxes imply very low gaseous opacities and provide no evidence for a deep water cloud. Near 8 bars the water vapor abundance appears to be about 10 percent of what would be expected for a solar abundance of oxygen. Below 8 bars, measurements suggest an increasing water abundance with depth or a deep cloud layer. Ammonia appears to follow a significantly subsaturated profile above 3 bars. Unexpectedly high absorption of sunlight was found at wavelengths greater than 600 nanometers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sromovsky, L A -- Best, F A -- Collard, A D -- Fry, P M -- Revercomb, H E -- Freedman, R S -- Orton, G S -- Hayden, J L -- Tomasko, M G -- Lemmon, M T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 10;272(5263):851-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8629018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ammonia/*analysis ; *Atmosphere ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Jupiter ; Oxygen/analysis ; Pressure ; Radiometry ; Temperature ; Water/*analysis
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    Getting down to the core of homologous recombination (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stasiak, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 10;272(5263):828-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Labortatoire d'analyse Ultrastructurale, Batiment de Biologie, Universite de Lausanne, Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8629012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Superhelical/genetics/*metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Rec A Recombinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Recombination, Genetic
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    Intestinal secretory defects and dwarfism in mice lacking cGMP-dependent protein kinase II (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-20
    Description: Cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinases (cGKs) mediate cellular signaling induced by nitric oxide and cGMP. Mice deficient in the type II cGK were resistant to Escherichia coli STa, an enterotoxin that stimulates cGMP accumulation and intestinal fluid secretion. The cGKII-deficient mice also developed dwarfism that was caused by a severe defect in endochondral ossification at the growth plates. These results indicate that cGKII plays a central role in diverse physiological processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pfeifer, A -- Aszodi, A -- Seidler, U -- Ruth, P -- Hofmann, F -- Fassler, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2082-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut f-ur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universitat Munchen, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, D-80802 M-unchen, Germany. pfeifer@ipt.med.tu-muenchen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Bacterial Toxins/toxicity ; Body Water/secretion ; *Bone Development ; Crosses, Genetic ; Cyclic GMP/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Diarrhea/physiopathology ; Dwarfism/*enzymology/genetics/pathology ; Enterotoxins/toxicity ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Growth Plate/enzymology/pathology ; Intestinal Mucosa/*secretion ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Osteogenesis ; Signal Transduction
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    Amide cleavage by a ribozyme: correction (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joyce, G F -- Dai, X -- De Mesmaeker, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Apr 5;272(5258):18-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8600526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amides/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; RNA, Catalytic/*metabolism ; Ribonucleosides/metabolism
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    The price of sushi (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamaguchi, D K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 16;273(5277):861a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17839585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Important credit (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-09-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carithers, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Sep 20;273(5282):1640c-1c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17835029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Response: polypropylene tube surfaces may induce denaturation and multimerization of DNA (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gaillard, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jan 12;271(5246):223a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17793398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Sex and gender (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlin, N F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 6;274(5293):1595c-6c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17842240" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Brain activation modulated by sentence comprehension (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-04
    Description: The comprehension of visually presented sentences produces brain activation that increases with the linguistic complexity of the sentence. The volume of neural tissue activated (number of voxels) during sentence comprehension was measured with echo-planar functional magnetic resonance imaging. The modulation of the volume of activation by sentence complexity was observed in a network of four areas: the classical left-hemisphere language areas (the left laterosuperior temporal cortex, or Wernicke's area, and the left inferior frontal gyrus, or Broca's area) and their homologous right-hemisphere areas, although the right areas had much smaller volumes of activation than did the left areas. These findings generally indicate that the amount of neural activity that a given cognitive process engenders is dependent on the computational demand that the task imposes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Just, M A -- Carpenter, P A -- Keller, T A -- Eddy, W F -- Thulborn, K R -- MH-00662/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-19102/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-29617/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Oct 4;274(5284):114-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8810246" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Brain Mapping ; Cognition/*physiology ; Dominance, Cerebral ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Humans ; Language Tests ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Temporal Lobe/anatomy & histology/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    G protein-mediated neuronal DNA fragmentation induced by familial Alzheimer's disease-associated mutants of APP (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-31
    Description: Missense mutations in the 695-amino acid form of the amyloid precursor protein (APP695) cosegregate with disease phenotype in families with dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease. These mutations convert valine at position 642 to isoleucine, phenylalanine, or glycine. Expression of these mutant proteins, but not of normal APP695, was shown to induce nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in neuronal cells. Induction of DNA fragmentation required the cytoplasmic domain of the mutants and appeared to be mediated by heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins (G proteins).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamatsuji, T -- Matsui, T -- Okamoto, T -- Komatsuzaki, K -- Takeda, S -- Fukumoto, H -- Iwatsubo, T -- Suzuki, N -- Asami-Odaka, A -- Ireland, S -- Kinane, T B -- Giambarella, U -- Nishimoto, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 31;272(5266):1349-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8650548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*genetics/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Base Sequence ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; DNA/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/*metabolism ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Rats ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    Solution structure of a two-base DNA bulge complexed with an enediyne cleaving analog (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-28
    Description: Nucleic acid bulges have been implicated in a number of biological processes and are specific cleavage targets for the enediyne antitumor antibiotic neocarzinostatin chromophore in a base-catalyzed, radical-mediated reaction. The solution structure of the complex between an analog of the bulge-specific cleaving species and an oligodeoxynucleotide containing a two-base bulge was elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance. An unusual binding mode involves major groove recognition by the drug carbohydrate unit and tight fitting of the wedge-shaped drug in the triangular prism pocket formed by the two looped-out bulge bases and the neighboring base pairs. The two drug rings mimic helical DNA bases, complementing the bent DNA structure. The putative abstracting drug radical is 2.2 +/- 0.1 angstroms from the pro-S H5' of the target bulge nucleotide. This structure clarifies the mechanism of bulge recognition and cleavage by a drug and provides insight into the design of bulge-specific nucleic acid binding molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stassinopoulos, A -- Ji, J -- Gao, X -- Goldberg, I H -- CA44257/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM53793/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 28;272(5270):1943-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8658168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; Enediynes ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Zinostatin/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 87
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    Genome researchers take the pledge (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-04-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Apr 26;272(5261):477-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8614790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Human Genome Project ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Patents as Topic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    RNA editing: a mechanism for gRNA-specified uridylate insertion into precursor mRNA (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-30
    Description: In the mitochondria of trypanosomatid protozoa the precursors of messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) have their coding information remodeled by the site-specific insertion and deletion of uridylate (U) residues. Small trans-acting guide RNAs (gRNAs) supply the genetic information for this RNA editing. An in vitro system was developed to study the mechanism of U insertion into pre-mRNA. U-insertion editing occurs through a series of enzymatic steps that begin with gRNA-directed pre-mRNA cleavage. Inserted U's are derived from free uridine triphosphate and are added to the 3' terminus of a 5' pre-mRNA cleavage product. gRNA specifies edited RNA sequence at the subsequent ligation step by base pairing-mediated juxtaposition of the 3' cleavage product and the processed 5' cleavage product. gRNA/pre-mRNA chimeras, purported intermediates, seem to be abortive end products of the same reaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kable, M L -- Seiwert, S D -- Heidmann, S -- Stuart, K -- GM08347/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM42188/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 30;273(5279):1189-95.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8703045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Crithidia fasciculata/genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondria/genetics/metabolism ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA/metabolism ; *RNA Editing ; RNA Precursors/*metabolism ; RNA, Guide/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; RNA, Protozoan/metabolism ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/genetics/metabolism ; Trypanosomatina/*genetics/metabolism ; Uridine Monophosphate/*metabolism ; Uridine Triphosphate/metabolism
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    Response: HIV-2 and Natural Protection Against HIV-1 Infection (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, A N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 28;272(5270):1961-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17774135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 90
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    DNA Patents. Patent office faces 90-year backlog (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 3;272(5262):643.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8614815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Base Sequence ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; DNA/*chemistry ; Databases, Factual ; *Patents as Topic ; United States
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  • 91
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    Grain Growth Rates of MgSiO3 Perovskite and Periclase Under Lower Mantle Conditions (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-20
    Description: The grain growth rates of MgSiO3 perovskite and periclase in aggregates have been determined at 25 gigapascals and 1573 to 2173 kelvin. The average grain size (G) was fitted to the rate equation, and the grain growth rates of perovskite and periclase were G10.6 = 1 x 10(-57.4) t exp(-320.8/RT) and G10.8 = 1 x 10(-62.3) t exp(-247.0/RT), respectively, where t is the time, R is the gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. These growth rates provide insight into the mechanism for grain growth in minerals relevant to the Earth's lower mantle that will ultimately help define the rheology of the lower mantle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamazaki -- Kato -- Ohtani -- Toriumi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2052-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉D. Yamazaki and M. Toriumi, Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113, Japan. T. Kato, Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaragi 305, Japan. E. Ohtani, Institute of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-77, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 92
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    Calcification rates in corals (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlon, D B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Oct 4;274(5284):117a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17740843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 93
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    Hippocampal neurodegeneration in aging (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallagher, M -- Landfield, P W -- McEwen, B -- Meaney, M J -- Rapp, P R -- Sapolsky, R -- West, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Oct 25;274(5287):484-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8927995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Cell Count ; Hippocampus/*cytology ; Humans ; *Nerve Degeneration ; Neurons/*cytology
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  • 94
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    Coming to grips with genes and risk (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kahn, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Oct 25;274(5287):496-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8928001" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asthma/genetics ; BRCA2 Protein ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics ; Female ; *Genes, BRCA1 ; Genetic Counseling ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Research ; Genetic Services ; *Genetic Testing ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Registries ; Risk Assessment ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; United States
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  • 95
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    Science and the law. New York courts seek 'neutral' experts (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-04-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Apr 12;272(5259):189.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8602499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Implants/*adverse effects ; *Expert Testimony ; Female ; Humans ; *Liability, Legal ; New York ; Silicones/*adverse effects
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  • 96
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    Treatment of chronic Lyme disease (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-03-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steere, A C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 1;271(5253):1216-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8638094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Humans ; Lyme Disease/*drug therapy ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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  • 97
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    German education (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-08-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Philipp, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 23;273(5278):1030a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17817621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 98
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    Binding of zinc finger protein ZPR1 to the epidermal growth factor receptor (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-21
    Description: ZPR1 is a zinc finger protein that binds to the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Deletion analysis demonstrated that this binding interaction is mediated by the zinc fingers of ZPR1 and subdomains X and XI of the EGFR tyrosine kinase. Treatment of mammalian cells with EGF caused decreased binding of ZPR1 to the EGFR and the accumulation of ZPR1 in the nucleus. The effect of EGF to regulate ZPR1 binding is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFR. ZPR1 therefore represents a prototype for a class of molecule that binds to the EGFR and is released from the receptor after activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galcheva-Gargova, Z -- Konstantinov, K N -- Wu, I H -- Klier, F G -- Barrett, T -- Davis, R J -- R01-CA58396/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 21;272(5269):1797-802.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8650580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism/secretion ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry/*metabolism ; Testis/metabolism ; Type C Phospholipases/metabolism ; Vanadates/pharmacology ; *Zinc Fingers ; src Homology Domains
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  • 99
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    Reduction of HIV concentration during acute infection: independence from a specific immune response (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-01-26
    Description: After infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the concentration of the virus in the person's plasma increases. The subsequent decrease in concentration a few weeks later was though to result from an HIV-specific immune response. This purported causal relation is investigated with a model of the dynamics of early HIV infection that incorporates no increase in the rate of removal of free virions or virus-infected cells. A pattern of changes in virus concentration similar to that observed in patients is predicted by the model. Thus, the reduction in virus concentration during acute infection may not reflect the ability of the HIV-specific immune response to control virus replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, A N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jan 26;271(5248):497-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8560262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Disease ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*virology ; HIV/*physiology ; HIV Infections/immunology/*virology ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Viremia/immunology/*virology ; Virion/physiology ; Virus Latency ; Virus Replication
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  • 100
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    Corticofugal modulation of time-domain processing of biosonar information in bats (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-23
    Description: The Jamaican mustached bat has delay-tuned neurons in the inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, and auditory cortex. The responses of these neurons to an echo are facilitated by a biosonar pulse emitted by the bat when the echo returns with a particular delay from a target located at a particular distance. Electrical stimulation of cortical delay-tuned neurons increases the delay-tuned responses of collicular neurons tuned to the same echo delay as the cortical neurons and decreases those of collicular neurons tuned to different echo delays. Cortical neurons improve information processing in the inferior colliculus by way of the corticocollicular projection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yan, J -- Suga, N -- DC 00175/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 23;273(5278):1100-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8688095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Auditory Cortex/*physiology ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; *Echolocation ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Inferior Colliculi/*physiology ; Neurons/physiology
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