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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (5,327)
  • 1985-1989  (5,327)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
  • 1986  (5,327)
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  • 1985-1989  (5,327)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1. INTRODUCTION (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00223.x
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  • 2
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    5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00227.x
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  • 3
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    MONETARY ANTICIPATONS AND THE DEMAND FOR MONEY SOME UK EVIDENCE (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Carr-Darby ‘shock-absorber’ hypothesis, that unanticipated changes in the money supply influence the demand for real money balances but anticipated changes do not, is tested on UK data for narrow money, M1. For comparison with earlier studies on US data we take the (real first order) partial adjustment model as one example of a ‘conventional’ demand for money function. However the Carr-Darby hypothesis is also tested taking a more general autoregressive distributed lag model as the ‘conventional’ demand function. For both ‘conventional’ demand for money functions we find that the shock-absorber hypothesis is not supported for M1 using UK data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00220.x
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  • 4
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    THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS TREATMENTS OF TRUNCATION REMAINDERS IN THE ESTIMATION OF THE CONSUMPTION FUNCTION: A B AYESIAN APPROACH (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Using a Bayesian approach, the effects of various treatments of truncation remainders in the estimating of the consumption function for the Federal Republic of Germany (henceforth F.R.G.) are examined with the help of small and large samples. It emerges that some parameters of the consumption function are quite sensitive to what is done with the truncation remainders. Furthermore it seems better to include these terms in the estimation procedure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00209.x
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  • 5
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    NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE THEORY OF CHOICE UNDER UNCERTAINTY (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00199.x
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  • 6
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    EXPORT DRAWBACK AND THE STRUCTURE OF PROTECTION (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00201.x
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  • 7
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    3. POVERTY (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00225.x
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  • 8
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    4. EFFECT OF TAXES AND BENEFITS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00226.x
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  • 9
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    MODELING REAL RETURNS ON UK GOVERNMENT STOCK (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00219.x
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  • 10
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    CARTEL PROBLEMS: THE INCENTIVE TO LIE ABOUT COSTS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Osborne noted five problems a cartel has in restricting output to the mutual benefit of its members. Here, we examine one of these: the problem of location of the contract surface. We first model the situation where one firm is able to mislead cartel members about the level of its cost function. We show there is often, in theory, an incentive to do this and thereby increase profit if marginal costs are rising, though not if they are falling. We go on to examine the case where both firms cheat, and to consider possible solutions the cartel might adopt.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00217.x
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  • 11
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    NEW THEORIES OF THE MULTXNATIONAL ENTERPRISE: AN ASSESSMENT OF INTERNALIZATION THEORY (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00208.x
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  • 12
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    KEYNES ON EXPECTATIONS AND UNCERTAINTY: RATIONAL EXPECTATIONS EQUILIBRIA WITH ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00210.x
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  • 13
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    ERRATUM (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00215.x
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  • 14
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    EMPLOYMENT FUNCTIONS AND THE SLOWDOWN IN UK PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper investigates the employment demand function in the light of recent developments in econometric modelling procedures. The evidence for structural breaks in the equation for the UK manufacturing sector in 1966/67 and 1973/74 is re-examined, and the behaviour of employment in the post-1979 recession is analysed. The empirical results illustrate the problems raised for estimating employment equations by the productivity slowdown in the 1970s, and the implications of the different methods used to model this phenomenon for interpreting the more recent experience are examined. The implicit dynamics of the equations estimated in error-correction form are derived and are discussed in terms of both employment and productivity behaviour.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00203.x
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  • 15
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    THE FINANCIAL BEHAVIOUR OF CANADIAN PRIVATE CORPORATIONS AND GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISE: A FLOW OF FUNDS ANALYSIS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines and compares the portfolio behaviour of Canadian non-financial government and private enterprises. The greatest difference observed is the relatively small size and yet more active management of the government enterprise asset portfolio. In comparing our model of the private Canadian corporate sector with that of the US, we find the main difference to be a Canadian preference for borrowing rather than equity issue. This preference almost certainly reflects the high level of foreign ownership of Canadian resident corporations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00202.x
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  • 16
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    THE SHIFT TO INDIRECT TAXATION IN A UNIONIZED ECONOMY (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00205.x
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  • 17
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    THE DEMAND FOR BEVERAGES AND INTERBEVERAGE SUBSTITUTION IN THE UNITED STATES (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The analysis in this paper is directed at measuring the substitution between seven beverages consumed in the United States with the objective of shedding some light on just what is the relevant market for antitrust purposes. With regard to the overall beverage market considerations, there is a clear indication that consumers do substitute between different types of beverages. What must be subjectively resolved, however, is whether the extent of the indicated substitution is of significant enough magnitude to infer that two different beverages are in the same product market.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00204.x
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  • 18
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    PRIVATE PRODUCTION, COLLECTIVE CONSUMPTION, AND REGIONAL POPULATION STRUCTURE: THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE GOOD PROVISION AS DETERMINANTS OF COMMUNITY COMPOSITION (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . Theories of trade and migration explain the distribution of individuals among regions based on private good productivities. The theory of local public goods (LPG's) uses collective good consumption economies to explain the size and composition of communities. This essay combines the two theories, to explore regional population heterogeneity and stability. Assuming that individuals must consume and produce in the same jurisdiction, the paper examines the nature of efficient allocations, the tensions between the private and public incentives, the nature of the equilibrium (if any) which migration among jurisdictions will generate, and how such equilibrium will depend on tax rules for sharing the costs of the LPG.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1986.tb01069.x
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  • 19
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    ESTIMATING THE BENEFITS OF PUBLIC-HOUSING PROGRAMS: A CHARACTERISTICS APPROACH (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . In this paper we specify a Stone-Geary utility function defined on housing attributes and other goods, empirically estimate the derived system of demand equations, and use the structural parameters to evaluate the benefits and consumption effects of a Belgian public rental housing program. By taking the composition of the bundle of housing attributes provided under the program into account, this study improves upon previous research which–with few exceptions–relies on a composite good, housing services.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1986.tb01073.x
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  • 20
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    LOCATION, THEORY OF PRODUCTION, AND VARIABLE TRANSPORTATION RATES (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . The question of what conditions insure independence between location and output decisions is investigated within the context of triangle space. Assuming that transportation rates vary with quantity and distance, it is shown that this independence is insured if the production function generates a linear expansion path and the following are all constant: transportation rate elasticities with respect to distance and quantity, and the price elasticity of demand for inputs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1986.tb01075.x
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  • 21
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    NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS AND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY VALUES: A COMMENT ON SHORT-RUN vs. LONG-RUN CONSIDERATIONS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1986.tb01078.x
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  • 22
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    BOOKS RECEIVED (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1986.tb01082.x
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  • 23
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    ECONOMETRIC MODELING OF INTERREGIONAL LABOR MARKET LINKAGES (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . This paper presents a statistical procedure for empirically establishing linkages between regional economies. Using Granger's definition of causality and the final prediction error technique for lag-length specification suggested by Hsiao, a linked, multiregional employment model is developed. The forecast performance of the linked model is compared to models which do not include interregional linkages. It is shown that forecast error is reduced by taking into account employment interrelationships between regions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1986.tb01060.x
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article: Discrete Choice Models in Regional Science, London Papers in Regional Science 14; by D. E. Pitfield (ed.). Applied Urban Analysis: A Critique and Synthesis, by Ian Cullen. A Regional Econometric Forecasting System, Major Economic Areas of Michigan, by Harold T. Shapiro and George A. Fulton. Cities and Fiscal Choices: A New Model of Urban Public Investment, by Michael A. Pagano and Richard J.T. Moore. Regional Development and the Local Community: Planning, Politics and Social Context, by Clyde Weaver.
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  • 25
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    MIGRATION AND EMPLOYMENT CHANGE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DIMENSIONS OF THE LINKAGE (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . This paper uses a unique set of data to estimatesaza the magnitude of the linkages between employment changes and net employment migration. A simple simultaneous system is specified and estimated for 17 consecutive years. In an average year two extra jobs attract about one additional net migrant, and one additional net migrant has a direct effect on area employment of almost 1.4 jobs. These relationships differ over the cycle, however. The migrant-attractive power of another job rises during national upswings and falls during downswings. Moreover, during national expansions migrants have a less direct impact on area employment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1986.tb00818.x
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  • 26
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    ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF HOUSING TRAIT PRICES IN A THIRD WORLD CITY (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . A first step in the process of economic analysis of housing markets in Third World cities is the econometric analysis of housing trait prices. The information on market price of housing is basic to the derivation/estimation of other market parameters such as housing demand and supply elasticities. In addition, housing trait prices constitute invaluable inputs into the analysis of effects of government housing programs.This paper presents estimates of housing trait prices in a Third World city housing market, the city of Jos in Nigeria. Nonlinear stochastic specification of a policy constrained hedonic price function is presented as an unbiased estimator of housing trait prices. The Box-Cox statistical procedure was employed in the paper to obtain hedonic regression coefficients which are the parameters needed to compute the average prices evaluated both at the mean of each trait and at their margins. The potential uses of housing trait prices for policy analysis are discussed briefly.
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  • 27
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    REGIONAL GROWTH IN THE SOVIET ECONOMY A MODEL AND ANALYSIS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: A multiregional econometric model of the Soviet economy is presented. It consists of 1,391 equations, with time-series information for 1965-1980. In conformity with the number of the country's republics, 15 input-output tables are incorporated. The discussion includes the methodological framework, the structure and equations, theoretical justification for the interaction between the econometric and input-output components, data and estimation, and forecasting results.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1986.tb00331.x
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    A QUARTERLY ECONOMETRIC MODEL OF FACTOR DEMANDS IN REGIONAL MANUFACTURING (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper presents a model of demand for factor inputs in regional manufacturing industry. Demands for labor and capital are distinguished from demands for factor services using a generalization of the disequilibrium adjustment framework of Nadiri and Rosen. The generalization allows for a richer variety of responses to external shocks and involves the distinction between systematic and error dynamics.The model is estimated for the period 1963:I-1980:I using data from the Cincinnati SMSA and appropriate econometric techniques. Substantial attention is paid to the dynamic response of the estimated equations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1986.tb00337.x
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Essays in Regional Economic Studies, by Manoranjan Dutta, Jessie C. Hartline, and Peter D. Loeb (eds.). Spatial Statistics and Models, Theory and Decision Library, Vol. 40. by Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott (eds.) Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions, by Ronald E. Miller and Peter D. Blair. Spatial Divisions of Labor: Social Structures and the Geography of Production, by Doreen Massey. Natural Resource Economics: Selected Papers, by S. V. Ciriacy-Wantrup, edited by Richard C. Bishop and Stephen O. Andersen.
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    INTERDEPENDENT BEHAVIOR WITH RELOCATION COSTS: THE COMPARATIVE STATICS OF SPATIAL HISTORY (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Relocation costs are a form of sunk costs because they are relevant to new entrants, not to agents at their existing locations. With sufficiently high relocation costs, initial (historically given) locations and other conditions determine the equilibrium assignment of agents to locations. Comparative static results depend on initial conditions, i.e., history matters and historical persistence can be characterized.The model suggests empirically-relevant results which can be tested by collecting data on relocation and transportation costs. For example, appropriate levels of these costs imply that suburbanization always occurs with the entry of new firms. Sequential entry strategies may be adopted by existing firms which earn pure profits. This may be contrasted with traditional NUE models which predict changes in the boundaries of central zones.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1986.tb00330.x
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    THE MINIMAX-MIN LOCATION PROBLEM (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: We consider a new objective function for the placement of a public facility with reference to variations in accessibility : the minimization of the range between the maximal and the minimal distances to users. Some properties of the solution are given; algorithms for the Euclidean and rectilinear distance cases are presented.
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  • 32
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    LOCATIONAL FACTORS IN THE DECLINING INDUSTRIAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF THE NEW YORK URBAN REGION (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper investigates the locational factors that contributed to the decline of the New York urban region's industries during 1972-1975. Based on the static concept of a specialization index, a dynamic comparative advantage index is constructed. A model is then formulated to test the hypothesis that regional competitive advantage (vis-à-vis the nation) is a function of relative disparities in the change of these locational factors. Regression results show that the region's competitive advantage is influenced positively by the differential rate of change in market size, by the differential profit rate before tax, and negatively by the differential rate of change in unit labor cost and in unit energy cost. The differential tax rate does not seem to affect the region's competitive advantage. Nevertheless, a progressive corporate income tax structure tends to neutralize the beneficial effects of the economies of agglomeration and the urban attraction of the region.
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    BOOKS RECEIVED (1986)
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    SPATIAL DISEQUILIBRIUM (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . The well-known extremal principle for the solution of spatial equilibrium for a single commodity [Samuelson (1952)] is extended to deal with the case of disequilibrium caused by rigid prices and/or price controls. Both disequilibrium in consumer markets and in factor markets is covered.The study of disequilibrium is well known in general interdependent economic systems (the so-called fixed-price model of interdependent systems). The present work extends this approach to the spatial dimension, and shows how it is possible to represent and solve disequilibrium models by mathematical programming rather than by fixed-point techniques.
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    THE COMPARATIVE STATIC RESPONSE OF RENTAL HOUSING TO A PRICE CHANGE: INFLATION AND GOVERNMENT POLICY (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . A two period consumer choice model is presented in which housing is treated as a quality differentiated good. The short-run comparative static response of rental housing to a price change is examined via an example, an exogenous increase in the inflation rate. Two stylized facts are alternately used; interest income is taxed, and interest rate ceilings are imposed on small savings deposits. The partial equilibrium distributional impact of inflation, in the context of rental housing markets, is also discussed.
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    ON THE STABILITY OF HOUSING SECTOR INTERACTION: EVIDENCE FROM 42 METROPOLITAN AREAS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . Residential vacancy chain models based on White's (1971) application of Markov chain theory are used to simulate flows of housing vacancies through a set of interdependent housing market sectors. Measures of housing sector interaction are derived from such models. Our purpose here is to address the issue of time stationarity raised by their use. U.S. census data are available to calibrate such models at two, and sometimes three, points in time. Data from 42 different SMSAs are used to generate 56 cross-temporal comparisons with interobservation periods ranging from three to eight years. Stability of interaction is addressed from two perspectives–the sectoral perspective and the areawide perspective. Results are mixed and depend upon which measure of interaction is used, which perspective is addressed, and the duration of the interobservation period. However, within limits, findings support continued use of vacancy chain models.
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    A REPLY TO “NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS AND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY VALUES: A COMMENT ON SHORT-RUN vs. LONG-RUN CONSIDERATIONS” (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    DEREGULATING THE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY: PRICE AND WELFARE CONSEQUENCES OF SPATIAL OLIGOPOLY WITH UNIFORM DELIVERED PRICES (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . Theoretical, spatial oligopoly models are developed and calibrated to simulate the price and welfare consequences of deregulating the retail price of electricity (the distribution function), assuming competing sources of generation supply are available. Two types of distribution competition are considered, retaining the currently used uniform delivered pricing structure: competition for customers at neighboring utilities’ borders and franchise competition. Because duplicate facilities are required for borderline competition, short-run price increases ranging between 14 and 37 percent over existing regulated prices are estimated for upstate New York, largely because deregulated prices reflect replacement, not historic, costs of facilities.
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    SELECTED TITLES FROM CURRENT JOURNALS (1986)
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    HAVE CHANGES IN LOCALIZATION ECONOMIES BEEN RESPONSIBLE FOR DECLINING PRODUCTIVITY ADVANTAGES IN LARGE CITIES? (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Notes: This paper investigates whether economies of urbanization and localization changed in two-digit manufacturing industries over the period 1967-1977. Estimates of changes in such economies indicate that the localization advantages of large industries declined in several industries, but that urbanization advantages increased for a small number of industries and decreased for a small number. Moreover, the absolute change in two-digit industry employment tends to be negatively correlated with industry size, city size held constant, and positively associated with city size, industry size held constant. These latter findings tend to support the findings regarding changes in external economies.
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    THE NET FISCAL IMPACT OF SELECTED FEDERAL BLOCK GRANT PROGRAMS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the net fiscal benefits of various federal grants and taxes paid to finance them. Net, effective tax rates are calculated for all county areas in the U.S. for seven measured grant programs, and the distributions of such tax rates are examined in conjunction with the median family incomes of the county areas. Inferences about the progressivity (or regressivity) of the grant programs are made, as well as inferences about the horizontal equity of the grant programs through the use of a new class of index numbers. It was found that more progressive grant formulas, which provide greater rates of subsidy to areas with lower median family incomes, also tend to be less horizontally equitable.
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    A NEOCLASSICAL MODEL OF HOUSING QUALITY GROWTH AN INTERPRETATION (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Notes: The paper interprets a neoclassical model of quality growth in relation to housing technology, reinvestment choice, growth of the stock of shelter, growth with and without architectural design progress, and analyses of the golden rule of quality accumulation in the housing sector.
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    THE DETERMINANTS OF 1963–77 REGIONAL MANUFACTURING GROWTH: WHY THE SOUTH AND WEST GROW (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Notes: . This paper analyzes 1963–77 manufacturing employment growth in the 48 contiguous states. Six factors jointly explain 96 percent of the variance. Markets explains 55 percent; climate, 15 percent; a rural state attraction, 11 percent; unionization, 6 percent; thresholds, 5 percent; and amenities, 4 percent. Resources, taxes, and business climate lack significance. Sunbelt-Frostbelt is a false dichotomy: the Northwest grew as fast as the South. The real contrast–largely caused by markets–is between growth rates of 6 percent in the Manufacturing Belt, 35 percent in its bordering Transition Zone, and 58 percent in the combined South and West.
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    THE SPATIAL MONOPSONY: A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . In this paper some of the most important properties of the behavior of a spatial monopsonist are derived. Many results are mirror images of corresponding results for the spatial monopolist. A few results are, however, genuinely new. A lot of effort is spent in comparing the properties of the profit function under three different pricing policies, f.o.b. (mill)-pricing, uniform delivered pricing, and spatial price discrimination. It is shown, for example, how the profitability and welfare consequences of the different policies are related to the shapes of the supply and demand functions. It is argued that the theory may have important applications in economic analyses of renewable natural resources such as forests, where total transportation costs are nonnegligible.
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    A NOTE ON MULTIPURPOSE AND MULTISTOP SHOPPING, SALES, AND MARKET AREAS OF FIRMS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Notes: . The paper characterizes the aggregate demand addressed to firms in a situation such that consumers are allowed to purchase during the same journey several commodities from several firms located in a one-dimensional space. It is a duopoly in which both firms sell the two commodities. The individual demand is assumed to be price-inelastic.
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    SPATIAL MODELS AND REGIONAL SCIENCE: A COMMENT ON ANSELIN'S PAPER AND RESEARCH DIRECTIONS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    SOME FURTHER NOTES ON SPATIAL MODELS AND REGIONAL SCIENCE (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ON SUFFICIENCY CONDITIONS FOR INTERIOR LOCATION IN THE TRIANGLE SPACE: A COMMENT (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    HIGH-TECHNOLOGY JOBS AND WORKER MOBILITY (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . The premise of this paper is that one can discover much about the location determinants of high-technology industry by examining the location (migration) decision of workers with high-technology occupations. A model of the high-technology worker migration decision is developed that permits estimation of worker response to both personal and area characteristics, the latter chosen to mirror location factors often cited by high-technology firms as important for both the attraction and retention of their specialized work force. Logit estimates of this model between 1975 and 1980 are presented. The paper is concluded with a discussion of policy implications.
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    THE QUESTION OF EFFICIENCY IN URBAN BUS TRANSPORTATION (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Notes: . This paper estimates a flexible frontier specification for the production of urban bus transit services in the United States. The results confirm previous findings of relatively unimportant scale economies. However, they also suggest that this regulated industry is subject to substantial technical and allocative inefficiency.
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    URBAN CONCENTRATION AND RURAL GROWTH A TWO-SECTOR ANALYSIS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Notes: . This paper examines the mechanism and extent of urban concentration using a two-sedor growth model. The cause of urbanization is sought in the existence of urban scale economies. Assuming that temporary production decisions are concerned with optimal labor inputs and that profit incomes are reinvested according to relative profitability, the model shows persistent tendency for urban concentration and the transition of the economy from unlimited to limited labor supply. A simple example suggests that urban concentration is more likely than rural expansion with urban contraction.
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    ON THE SHAPE OF MARKET AREAS IN LÖSCHIAN SPATIAL MODELS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Notes: . The paper analyzes the lattice shape of equilibrium configurations of firms in spatial models. Lösch's assertion that free entry will result in hexagonal market areas is proved for a variety of assumptions about the nature of the market equilibrium, and about the preferences of customers. All the models considered, however, incorporate rational entry behavior and identify the stable lattice as an entry deterring equilibrium. A simple proof is presented of the optimality of hexagonal market areas, at least among regular space-filling configurations.
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    VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES AND CONSERVATION CONDITIONS IN VOLTERRA'S ECOLOGY AND IN URBAN RELATIVE DYNAMICS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Notes: . Relative spatial population dynamics are analyzed in this paper under Volterra-Lotka specifications. At first, the Volterra conservation conditions under absolute growth and their variational principles are reviewed, extended, and interpreted. Then, the relative dynamics are presented which demonstrate the presence of competitive exclusion.The main aim is to derive the variational principles underlying relative population dynamics. It is found that these principles produce an integrand, the stationary value of its integral being the cumulative entropy of the population distribution over a time horizon. Substantive interpretation of these results in accordance with optimization principles in economic theory is presented.
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    THE MAXIMUM CAPTURE OR “SPHERE OF INFLUENCE” LOCATION PROBLEM: HOTELLING REVISITED ON A NETWORK (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Notes: . The problem of the ice cream vendor on the beach is extended to the siting of multiple entering servers into the midst of existing servers which are already in place at multiple sites on a network. The network of population nodes, joining arcs, and eligible sites for servers provides the underlying matrix of the problem. The goal of the single firm which is siting the multiple entering servers is the capture of the maximum population from existing servers. This combinatorial problem can be described as a linear integer program for which solutions can easily be derived. Computational experience and insights derived therefrom are reported.
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    SELECTED TITLES FROM CURRENT JOURNALS (1986)
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    NON-NESTED TESTS ON THE WEIGHT STRUCTURE IN SPATIAL AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS: SOME MONTE CARLO RESULTS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Notes: . This paper presents some further results with respect to hypothesis tests for the appropriate structure of dependence in mixed regressive/spatial-autoregressive relations. Three tests on non-nested hypotheses are considered, which are based on the use of augmented regressions, and their small sample performance is compared in a number of Monte Carlo simulation experiments.
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    ANALYSIS OF A DYNAMIC RESIDENTIAL LOCATION CHOICE MODEL WITH TRANSACTION COSTS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Notes: . This paper incorporates transaction costs in a residential location choice model. An individual's choice is assumed to be an outcome of a two-stage process: a decision to change, or to undertake a transaction and, conditional on a change occurring, a choice of a new alternative. The dynamic choice model is aggregated to yield a Markovian model of residential location patterns. It is shown that recent contributions to dynamical urban modeling correspond to special cases of the deterministic version of this model. The Markovian model is used in a theoretical analysis of the influence of transaction costs on the properties of the stationary state. The effects of residential mobility rates and of interdependencies among individuals, caused by supply-side and density-related interactions, are also analyzed. It is shown how these dynamical factors modify the stationary state, thereby demonstrating the type of errors which may occur with static models that omit them.
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    ON THE RELATION BETWEEN USERS' BENEFITS AND THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF TRANSPORTATION ACTIVITIES (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Notes: . The addition of output variation benefits to the users' surplus generated by transportation improvements has been subject to debate, and no agreement has been reached. In this paper, the problem is restated at the level of the origins of transportation demand, which can be derived from the information provided by the economic activity. It is shown that a competitive productive environment makes the transportation consumers' surplus exactly equal to the net economic benefits provoked in the products' markets; however, when monopolistic production prevails, the users' surplus may not reflect the benefits to the economy with accuracy. Mixed conditions are also explored and the role of final products' demand elasticity is highlighted. Different styles of welfare analysis are recommended for different market conditions.
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    RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY AND NEIGHBORHOOD QUALITY (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Notes: . This paper presents evidence on the factors causing residential mobility within inner-city neighborhoods. A theoretical model is presented which posits that intraurban mobility is a response to housing consumption disequilibrium. Our data and methodology permitted more accurate measurement of disequilibrium than in previous studies, including the disequilibrium arising from neighborhood change. The major conclusion we draw from our results is that households' perceptions of the level of neighborhood quality and its change influence the mobility decisions of both renters and homeowners residing within central cities. Also, in comparison to other measured factors, neighborhood variables were found to be strong mobility predictors regardless of housing tenure. Our results imply that neighborhood improvement policies may succeed in stabilizing inner-city neighborhoods.
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    TESTING THE SPATIAL SCALE AND THE DYNAMIC STRUCTURE IN REGIONAL MODELS (A CONTRIBUTION TO SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC SPECIFICATION ANALYSIS) (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Notes: This article addresses the problem of specification uncertainty in modeling spatial economic theories in stochastic form. It is ascertained that the traditional approach to spatial econometric modeling does not adequately deal with the type and extent of specification uncertainty commonly encountered in spatial economic analyses. Two alternative spatial econometric modeling procedures proposed in the literature are reviewed and shown to be suitable for analyzing systematically two sources of specification uncertainty, viz., the level of aggregation and the spatio-temporal dynamic structure in multiregional econometric models. The usefulness of one of these specification procedures is illustrated by the construction of a simple multiregional model for The Netherlands.
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    MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION OF GRAVITY MODEL PARAMETERS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . It is shown that, under some very mild conditions, maximum likelihood estimates of gravity model parameters exist and are unique (up to a scale transformation for some parameters). An algorithm for finding such estimates is also proposed.
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    AUTOMOBILE USE AND LOCATIONAL INTERDEPENDENCIES (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . Congestion and pollution externalities from automobile use are simultaneously included in an urban monocentric model. The externalities enter household utility functions directly, and result in a complex interdependency in household location decisions in the city. Implications of the model are drawn out by a simulation and complete sensitivity analysis. The two unpriced externalities are examined for their impact on urban structure, and contrasted with each other. Also, the effect of changes in speed of travel are examined for the impact on urban structure. Speed affects the level of both external effects, and is affected by location decisions.
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    MODELING RESIDENTIAL CHOICE (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . This paper presents a new approach in the modeling of residential choices for simulation purpose. The originality of the approach resides in the way recent developments in stochastic choice models are combined with deterministic mathematical programming which allows to define an equilibration process for simulation. In that respect, ex ante probabilities of housing choice based on random utility maximization under perceived constraints are distinguished from ex post probabilities of choice that respect supply constraints. The proposed model is tested on the Montreal Metropolitan Region, and a few simulation results based on a scenario of population aging and decrease in household size are analyzed.
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    A NOTE ON THE STABILITY PROPERTY OF SPATIAL COMPETITION (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . Our study extends the standard comparative static analysis to allow for dynamic aspects of equilibrium in spatial competiton. We investigate dynamic stability properties via the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. Nontrivial equilibria in the so-called Löschian, Hotelling-Smithies, and Greenhut-Ohta models are shown to be stable even under heterogeneous cost conditions among competing firms, conditions not considered hitherto. We can thus provide powerful support to the comparative static analyses which can only be developed via equilibrium concepts with stability properties.
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    BOOKS RECEIVED (1986)
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1986)
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    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article: Conflict Analysis and Practical Conflict Management Procedures: An Introduction to Peace Science, by Walter Isard and Christine Smith. Urbanisation and Planning in the Third World Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation, by Robert B. Potter. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985, 284. $35.00 (cloth); and Social Anthropology and Development Policy, ASA Monographs 23, by Ralph Grillo and Alan Rew (eds.). Analytical Urban Geography: Spatial Patterns and Theories, by Martin T. Cadwallader. High Hopes for High Tech: Microelectronics Policy in North Carolina, by Dale Whittington (ed.).
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    SELECTED TITLES FROM CURRENT JOURNALS (1986)
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    THE FULL-DISTRIBUTION APPROACH TO AGGREGATE REPRESENTATION IN THE INPUT-OUTPUT MODELING FRAMEWORK (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . This paper presents a probabilistic specification of coefficients in the input- output modeling framework. Although previous works on probabilistic input-output models attribute uncertainty to measurement and sampling errors, this specification derives from systematic variation directly attributable to industrial, institutional, and location factors. Experiments with national input-output data support the existence of such variation. Employing the specification not only yields a more flexible aggregate modeling framework capable of producing interval impact estimates, but also an alternative perspective on such issues as interregional differentiation and structural comparison, the identification of key industrial sectors, aggregation, and spatial variation in production.
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    UPPER BOUNDS ON THE SIZES OF INTERREGIONAL FEEDBACKS IN MULTIREGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . Upper bounds are presented for a measure of the overall percentage error caused in a multiregional input-output model when interregional feedback effects are ignored. This error figure is thus a measure of the magnitude of interregional linkages. The upper bounds are expressed as a function of the levels of self-sufficiency in the regions in the model and of the norms of the regional technical coefficients matrices. Experimental results are presented for a variety of examples that are thought to reflect real-world situations, and it is clear that in many cases the upper bound (and hence the error) is extremely small. The implication is that single-region input-output models may be adequate for a variety of questions.
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    BOOKS RECEIVED (1986)
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS AND THE DISAGGREGATION OF LABOR INPUTS IN MANUFACTURING PLANTS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . This paper investigates the assumption of homogeneous labor inputs underlying the production functions in many regional models. The results indicate that nonproduction and production labor within manufacturing plants are not strongly separable, and the homogeneous labor assumption is not therefore appropriate. Hence, regional models need to take this into account in order to give reliable results. Differences between industries provide useful additional insights into their labor and capital relationships.
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1986)
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    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article: Local Area Personal Income, 1978–83, Volumes I-IX, by the U.S. Department of Commerce Regional Growth and Decline in the United States, 2nd Edition, by Bernard L. Weinstein, Harold T. Gross, and John Rees. Economic-Environmental Modeling in a National-Regional System: An Operational Approach with Multi-Layer Projection, by Wilhelmus A. Hafkamp. Profit Cycles, Oligopoly, and Regional Development, by Ann R. Markusen.
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    A MANAGERIAL MODEL OF THE EFFECT OF PRODUCT MARKET STRUCTURE ON FIRM LOCATION (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . This paper develops a model of firm location choice based on managerial theory of discretionary behavior. Specifically, it is assumed that the management of the firm maximizes a utility function which incorporates profits and location-specific amenities. As the firm moves from one prospective location to another, it faces a profit-amenity constraint imposed by market conditions. The optimal location decision is derived by maximizing the utility function subject to this market-imposed constraint. After examining the properties of the optimal solution, the impact of various changes in product market structure (including changes from a contestible markets perspective) on the location decision is investigated. A major finding is that the impact of a change in market structure depends upon the nature of the structure change and upon the substitution and income effects induced by the structural change.
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    AN ANALYSIS OF TWO-CENTER COMPETITION (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper analyzes the competition between the two centers which belong to different hierarchical levels. A two-center competition model is constructed by applying the Lotka-Volterra equations. This model includes as parameters the scale economies of central places, the consumer's outflow from the region, as well the distance between centers. As it is assumed in this model that the carrying capacity of the region will be affected by the consumer's outflow rate from it, the outflow rate is estimated by a demand generation model and then incorporated into the two-center competition model.
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    DEPRECIATION PROFILES AND DEPRECIATION POLICY IN A SPATIAL CONTEXT (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 26 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper demonstrates that the treatment of depreciation in the federal tax code is nonneutral not only with respect to assets and industries, as demonstrated in a number of recent studies, but also with respect to location. Using a unique set of data for manufacturing plants in Los Angeles and Philadelphia, the paper shows that the 1981 Tax Act's reduction of equipment lives to five years is likely to create differences in effective tax rates and wedges between the sample metropolitan areas for groups of plants with the same two-digit industrial classification. These are attributable to spatial differences in corporate tax rates and the type and quality of assets used. The paper concludes by explaining how the results can be generalized to other sectors and metropolitan areas, and by noting some implications for policy.
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    SELECTED TITLES FROM CURRENT JOURNALS (1986)
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    In this Issue (1986)
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    R & D management 16 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Current and Future Uses of the Computer: Industrial R&D in the United States (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study of 158 organizations sought to depict current uses of computers in R&D. A survey of senior R&D management by the Industrial Research Institute identifies a number of salient features. Routine computer use is becoming a characteristic of scientists, engineers, and managers. Yet characteristics of usage differ markedly by size of R&D unit and by line of business. Moreover, patterns of responses suggest on-going changes toward the time when R&D will be strongly coloured by the context of an integrated, intelligent computer environment. This implies new roles and skill requirements for R&D managers, professionals, and support staff.
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    The practice of R&D management: An empirical study of Korean firms (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 16 (1986), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper presents an empirical study on the practice of R&D management in a Newly Industrializing Country, Korea. Based on a review of literature, a survey framework has been generated. The data were collected from 73 laboratories of Korean private companies through a structured questionnaire, via mail and additional telephone interviews in some cases. The major findings concerning R&D planning, R&D project management and evaluation, and R&D personnel management are described. In Korea, substantial efforts have been made in order to enhance the efficiency of R&D management, though the practice of R&D management is by now in the unstructured/flexible phase. Beyond this study, more detailed research on the R&D management of Newly Industrializing Countries is needed.
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    Some perspectives on the use of management science techniques in R&D management (1986)
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We were prompted to carry out a study by the apparent shortage in the literature of accounts of the successful application of the more advanced MS/OR and of IT techniques. Hopefully, the results would also prove useful in the design of appropriate R&D management courses. Our information was largely collected via a postal questionnaire. Face-to-face interviews with a number of the respondents and with R&D managers attending some of the Bradford Management Centre's post-experience events provided the rest of the data.In this paper we report on the techniques used in project selection and project planning and control. In general, we concluded that there is a significant gap between the prescriptions of academics and consultants and the actual usage of advanced techniques for project planning and control. Project selection techniques tend to be relatively simple, e.g. checklists and project profiles. In project planning and control, PERT-based methods and Research Planning Diagrams are much more popular than the more sophisticated approaches.
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    Microcomputer penetration into the corporate environment and its managerial implications (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 16 (1986), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The authors state that the main need in the microcomputer field is not hardware or applications software but policies for linking microcomputers to company databases and information stores, referred to as communication capability. The paper presents a conceptual framework for the structure and degree of connectivity among the company microcomputer-based information systems. The management problem is to find the right trade-offs between the advantages to the individual having an autonomous dedicated microcomputer against the disadvantages to the organization of duplicated effort and data, and a fragmented information system.To find the optimum trade-off the management has to take into account five major issues; the desirable degree of compatibility of hardware and software; hidden and obvious costs; impact on the user; change with time; and organizational issues.The authors analyse two sets of variables, those affecting the system and those affecting the individual, and identify about eight sub-variables each of which should be taken into account when deciding the desirable level of performance of the total system. They reject a global multi-criterion decision-making approach and propose instead the division of the system into three levels each having its own criteria of performance and each its own degree of mutual connectivity. These are respectively, site-wide applications (maximum connectivity), special applications uniting a sub-set of individuals, and personal applications exclusively oriented on a single person.The paper concludes with guidelines for future study, mainly to clarify the issues, and a sketch of a prescriptive framework for organizational policy.
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    Organizational structure and R&D efficiency (1986)
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper compares innovative efficiency as proxied by a measure of R&D efficiency, between firms with organic and mechanistic R&D organizational structures. The results of the study support the hypotheses that organic structures experience greater efficiency in basic research, process-related R&D and long-term R&D activities than do mechanistic structures.
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    Public Innovation Policy: To Have or to Have Not? (1986)
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    Topics: Economics
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    R&D strategies and variable demand (1986)
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper looks at some of the factors imposing on the resourcing of R&D in the face of fluctuating demand. R&D has various features that differentiate it from other aspects of corporate activity and consequently managerial strategies for dealing with R&D may vary substantially. The implications for R&D strategies and the acquisition of technology are considered under different demand conditions. Various alternative strategies are developed including contracting out, technology licensing and the maintenance of an in-house facility through labour hoarding. New and existing empirical estimates are used to support the arguments and explain corporate strategy in this area.
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    Bibliometric Techniques for Monitoring Performance in Technologically Oriented Research: The Case of Integrated Optics (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Notes: This paper outlines a low-cost manual-scanning approach for monitoring national and organi- zational research performance using a range of publication and citation indicators. We present the results of a case-study on integrated optics, a subfield of optical physics with potential industrial importance in that it may lead to the development of optical analogues of integrated circuits. It is argued that the assessment approach adopted may be of value in R&D management and strategic planning for both companies and government research-funding agencies.
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    Cabri Project—a Collaborative Research Facility (1986)
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper describes the results of a case-study carried out within the context of a wider evaluation of the benefits and costs of international collaboration in Europe for the development of fast breeder reactors. The Cabri reactor is a large scale research facility jointly owned and operated by France and Germany, with the UK, USA, and Japan involved as junior partners. The organisation of the collaboration is discussed. Particular issues include problems surrounding barter arrange- ments, personnel aspects and the extent to which costs and benefits have been incurred. It is concluded that a substantial saving was achieved compared with performing the work in one country, but at a cost of reduced national control. The collaboration was facilitated by the lack of immediate commercial significance and by the organisational structure.
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    Scholarly Communications Guide: New Methods & Techniques for Publishers and Learned Societies., Mary Feeney (Ed.). Leicester: Primary Communications Research Centre, University of Leicester. 1985. pp. 288. Price £40 Softback. Available from Taylor Graham, 500 Chesham House, 150 Regent Street, London W1R 5FA, S. R. EPTON (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Notes: Review of Science and Technology Policies in Finland and Hungary—A Comparative Study. Edited by K. O. Dormer and L. Pal Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1985. Price £19.75, L. GEORGHIOU Quality Control, Reliability and Engineering Design. Dhillon, B. S. Marcel Dekker 1985. Price $59. 25 O'seas $49.50 US + Canada, S. A. BERGEN Review of Reindustrialization and Technology. by Roy Rothwell and Walter Zegveld Longman Group, 1985. £9.95., L. GEORGHIOU How to edit a Scientific Journal. Claude T. Bishop. (Bowker Publishing Company UK) 1984 pp. 138 Price £234, Softback £16.50., S. R. EPTON Science as a Commodity: Threats to the open community of scholars. Edited by Michael Gibbons and Bjorn Wittrock. Longman Group Limited. 1985. Softback £9.95. xvii. 173 pages., GEORGE HAYWARD The Cambridge Phenomenon: The Growth of High Technology Industry in a University Town, by Segal Quince and Partners. Published by Segal Quince and Partners, Hall Keepers House, 42 Castle Street, Cambridge, CB3 OAJ. England. 1985. Softback £15.00. 102 pages., GEORGE HAYWARD Business Negotiations with the Japanese. Rosalie L. Tung. Lexington Books 1985 242 pages Price: £21.50., S. A. BERGEN ‘The Executive Mind’—Suresh Srivastva and Associates Jossey-Bass 1983. Hardback. £18.95, M. WALBANK Engineering Design for Profit. by D. J. Leech and B. T. Turner. Ellis Horwood Limited (Halsted Press: a division of John Wiley and Sons) 1985 Softback £8.50. 345 pages, GEORGE HAYWARD Beyond The Quick Fix. Ralph H. Kilmann—Jossey Bass Publishers Hardback £20.95., R. C. PARKER
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    A Guide to Development (1986)
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The guide proposes a simple model consisting of a set of divergent and convergent activities with reviews before continuing to the next phase of development. The use of the model is designed to improve the productivity of those associated with development. None of the individual tasks is novel; the key to increasing the chances of success lies in the commitment and common understanding which can be generated. Examples are given relating to the chemical industry and to software engineering. Keywords: Development methodology, chemical processes, software engineering.
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    Managerial Encouragement of R&D Professionals to Employ Scientific and Technical Information and Firm Performance - Some Comments on an Article of C. Orpen (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 16 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01309.x
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  • 90
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    A Taxonomy of R&D Control Models and Variables Affecting Their Use (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 16 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper provides a discussion of dimensions and variables along these dimensions which are believed to be relevant to the control of R&D. Control models gleaned from the literature are compared and classified into a threedimensional taxonomy of control models. The proposed dimensions and the variables associated with them are:Focus (i.e. project, related projects, programs);Technical Effort Measurement (Le. project milestones, program goals, organizational agenda);Financial Orientation (i.e. expense, capital). Of the eighteen potential control models yielded by the taxonomy, nine were found to be reported in use in the literature.In addition, the authors hypothesize that organizational history, profitability, structure, task environment, type of research conducted, and hierarchical level of control are important determinants of the type of control employed in organizations. How these factors influence the control variables employed in organizations is hypothesized and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01307.x
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  • 91
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    Current Awareness (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 16 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Multinational Corporate Strategy—planning for world markets by J. C. Leontiades. D. C. Heath & Company Going for Growth—Technological Innovation in Manufacturing Industries, by R. C. Parker. John Wiley Stimulating Innovation—A Systems Approach, by Tudor Rickards. Frances Pinter Ltd., London
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01310.x
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  • 92
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    In this Issue (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 16 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01160.x
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  • 93
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    Book Reviews (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 16 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Long Waves in the World Economy. Christopher Freeman (Ed.), Frances Pinter (Publishers), 1983. Man and Information Technology: towards friendlier systems. Edited by J. H. F. van Apeldoorn.The Industrial Research Institute of New York has published, at $20, a volume of papers on Project Management selected from Research Management Technologies and Markets, by J. J. Verschuur, IEEE Management of Technology Series 1, Peter Peregrinus Ltd.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01311.x
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  • 94
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    R&D in the People's Republic of China (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 16 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Since her founding in 1949, China has gone a long way in formulating her own R&D structure and policy. There are successful stories and painful lessons as well. In this paper the author intends to examine the evolution of the Chinese R&D structure and policy; the pros and cons with this structure and policy. And finally how China is at present reforming the structure and policy, and why she is doing so.Structure and policy are two of the key factors that affect the effectiveness of R&D. With appropriate structure and policy, R&D will not only advance the state of art of science and technology, but also contribute a great deal to the progress of the society and the prosperity of the nation's economy. Therefore, the main theme of the paper will be concentrated on how China could reform her R&D structure and policy so that R&D can play a bigger role in building up China's economy and modernization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01162.x
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  • 95
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    Large European manufacturers and the management of R&D (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 16 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: At the end of 1984, for the third consecutive year, a research team from INSEAD administered a survey of the largest manufacturers in Europe. This survey attempts to provide an insight into the technological and manufacturing strategy designed and implemented by these large manufacturers.Each year since 1982 about 150 companies have completed the questionnaire, and of these 150 replies about one third are repeat answers. The database thus covers about 350 companies. As a consequence this allows us not only to analyse the static picture for a single year, but also to draw a dynamic picture of how thinking about technological and manufacturing strategy is changing within the European Manufacturing Industry.An analysis of the questionnaire's results allows us to assert some hypotheses about:a. Changes in the length of the product lifecycle.b. The importance of process engineering and proprietary process know-how.c. The interface between manufacturing and research and development as perceived by the manufacturing side.Since a similar survey is conducted for North America and Japan at the same time, it is possible to posit the European manufacturers vis-à-vis their global competitors for some of these issues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01161.x
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  • 96
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    Management of R&D for reduction of technological delay: a strategic viewpoint (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 16 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The establishment and effective use of R&D potential is considered as a way to reduction of technological delay. On the basis of analysis of alternative starting positions of a follower on the technological scene the adequate trajectories for technological pursuit are drawn. Five strategies are indicated as the most typical ones. Illustration is given for respective strategies of pursuit based on S-shaped performance development within given technological generation. Conditions and limitations are indicated in order to adapt general analysis to the practice of a company willing to overcome the technological gap and/or reduce the existing delay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01163.x
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  • 97
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    Managing Technology for Competitive Advantage in Inter-industry Markets (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 16 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper deals with the question of how a firm could develop a technological/R&D strategy to help it to maintain the initiative in its markets. The author extends Porter's analysis of competitive strategy to the R&D field and establishes the point that to remain profitable a firm must consciously manage its interfaces with its suppliers as well as its customers; it must take into account the threats and opportunities arising from such factors as the impact of existing competitors, new suppliers and competitors entering the scene and the possible appearance of substitutes for its products. A comprehensive corporate strategy would contain elements such as using technological change and R&D to raise the entry costs facing potential new rivals, inhibiting or anticipating the entry of substitutes, raising exit costs to customer and supplier by, for example, involving them in technological development.The paper develops these possibilities in detail and concludes with a summarising checklist of practical options open to a firm to act on the conclusions the author draws from his analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01164.x
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  • 98
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    2. INEQUALITY (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00224.x
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    EDITORIAL ANNOUNCEMENT (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00228.x
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  • 100
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    THE EFFECT OF REGULATION ON WAGES AND INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT PRICES UNDER BILATERAL MONOPOLY (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 38 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper seeks to determine whether, under bilateral monopoly, profit rate regulation induces an input price bias in addition to the well known Averch-Johnson capital intensity bias. Using a Nash-type employer-union, fixed bargaining power model, it is found that regulation may induce lower as well as higher wage rates. Similarly, when the two parties are respectively capital equipment supplier and user, regulation of the user's profit rate has an ambiguous effect on the equipment rental rate. In both cases the input price effect is shown to depend on the elasticity of factor substitution and on how demand elasticity varies with output.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1986.tb00218.x
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