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  • Nature Publishing Group  (7,126)
  • 1980-1984  (7,126)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1983  (3,639)
  • 1980  (3,487)
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  • 1980-1984  (7,126)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 288 (5788). pp. 260-263.
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Description: Organic detritus passing from the sea surface through the water column to the sea floor controls nutrient regeneration, fuels benthic life and affects burial of organic carbon in the sediment record. Particle trap systems have enabled the first quantification of this important process. The results suggest that the dominant mechanism of vertical transport is by rapid settling of rare large particles, most likely of faecal pellets or marine snow of the order of 〉200 μm in diameter, whereas the more frequent small particles have an insignificant role in vertical mass flux4–6. The ultimate source of organic detritus is biological production in surface waters of the oceans. I determine here an empirical relationship that predicts organic carbon flux at any depth in the oceans below the base of the euphotic zone as a function of the mean net primary production rate at the surface and depth-dependent consumption. Such a relationship aids in estimating rates of decay of organic matter in the water column, benthic and water column respiration of oxygen in the deep sea and burial of organic carbon in the sediment record.
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  • 2
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 287 (5783). pp. 628-630.
    Publication Date: 2016-11-15
    Description: Statoliths of cephalopods are small, hard calcareous stones which lie within the cartilaginous skulls of octopods, sepioids and teuthoids1. Fossil statoliths, clearly belonging to genera which are alive today, have previously been described from 11 Cenozoic deposits spanning from the Eocene to the Pleistocene in North America2–5. Such statoliths are of particular interest because they provide a means of studying the evolution of living cephalopod groups which have no calcareous shells, including the cosmopolitan and numerous teuthoids and octopods. Here, the first cephalopod statoliths to be recognized in European deposits are described and identified as Loligo sp. They are compared with the North American fossil Loligo species and statoliths removed from the two living Loligo species of Europe.
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  • 3
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 305 (5933). pp. 403-407.
    Publication Date: 2016-11-23
    Description: Basalts from the Reykjanes Ridge contain noble gases delivered from the non-degassed lower mantle by the Iceland plume. These lower mantle gases are thought to be a mixture of planetary and solar components, as would be expected if the Earth accreted from fine silicate particles.
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  • 4
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 303 (5916). pp. 422-423.
    Publication Date: 2019-04-16
    Description: Strandings of the giant squid, Architeuthis monachus (Steen-strup), have always stirred attention because of the rarity and enormous size of these cephalopods. These animals have never been observed in their natural habitat and little is known about their physiology and ecology. Stranding of giant squids in Newfoundland waters has been correlated with the inflow of warm water, suggesting that increased temperature may be causing their death1. Squids have also been carried to the Norwegian coast with the warm North Atlantic current2 and on 23 August 1982 a live specimen was caught off Radöy near Bergen, Norway (Fig. 1). This catch gave an unprecedented opportunity to study the effects of temperature on the oxygen binding properties of blood from the giant squid. The present finding of an excess of a fourfold decrease in O2 affinity when temperature is increased from 6.4 to 15°C strongly suggests that giant squids may suffocate from arterial desaturation when increased ambient temperatures are experierced.
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  • 5
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 303 (1983), S. 191-191 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington FEDERAL agencies may have to stop paying consulting fees to scientists who serve on peer review panels under a new rule issued late last month by the General Services Administration. The rule, which affects advisory committees throughout the government - including some 200 committees ...
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  • 6
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 193-193 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] AFTER months of hanging on a thread, French scientists have at last heard how much money they are really getting in 1983. Or at least the research councils have. The Centre National de la Recherche Scien-tifique (CNRS), the principal basic research council, loses 12.5 per cent of the cash it was ...
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  • 7
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 194-194 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Royal Society has fired an effective shot in the battle about British higher education, with a calculation, published last week, of the extent to which social mobility will affect the demand for higher education in the two decades ahead. Although the falling number of 18-year-olds throughout ...
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  • 8
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 196-196 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - In the discussion in your columns about the application of quantitative methodology based on the study of evolutionary processes to the analysis of the development of human culture1'2, there is an unquestioned assumption on both sides of that issue that quantitative theory, as expounded by ...
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  • 9
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 187-188 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Reagan Administration is showing every sign of having bitten off more than it is willing to chew by its decision in 1981 to establish a national commission to review education standards in high schools. The commission's final report was expected to confirm that all was not well but not to go so ...
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  • 10
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 199-199 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ARE electrons and quarks the ultimate frontier of matter or are they perhaps built from more fundamental particles so far undetected? What hope is there of answering this question in the near future? In a recent paper (Phys. Rev. Lett. 50,811; 1983), Eichten, Lane and Peskin point out that ...
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  • 11
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 192-192 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE orbit of Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock (1983d), computed from observations since its initial discovery on 26 April. The closest approach of the comet to the Earth (about 5 million kilometres) was at midday on 11 May. E marks the position of the Earth at that point. The individual circles mark the ...
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  • 12
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 217-218 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recent observations of many radio jets have revealed marked departures from linearity on a variety of physical scales: for instance, a continuous bending on the very long baseline interferometer scale3*10, an oscillatory jet profile11'12, C-shaped or S-shaped bending on galactic13"15 and ...
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  • 13
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 225-227 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The near-surface samples (48) were collected aboard the RV Meteor on a transect between 28 August and 2 September 1981 (Fig. 1). The water was pumped from 6m depth (at a rate of 0.3 m3 h"1) through polyethylene tubing (from a towed stainless steel shell suspended underneath the hull) into ...
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  • 14
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 235-237 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In proximity to domains of U-mineralization hydrothermal metasomatism has overprinted the regional amphibolite grade metamorphism of the gneisses on a massive scale, sporadically 40km across and 100km along strike. Albitic plagioclase is the dominant mineral in 'ore grade' zones; uraninite is ...
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  • 15
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 263-263 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE neural crest is a most peculiar part of the vertebrate embryo. It originates at an early stage from the region where the neural tube pinches off from the rest of the ectoderm. While the neural tube develops into the central nervous system, the cells of the neural crest break loose from the ...
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  • 16
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 266-268 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Du Pont has introduced a microprocessor-driven UV spectrophotometer with digital electronic design for use in HPLC. The detector is the newest addition to Du Font's 8800 series liquid chromatography system. The instrument has two new features: a new optical section, which incorporates a deuterium ...
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  • 17
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 189-189 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE Department of Energy (DoE) is proposing to clamp down on unclassified information relating to nuclear weapons, a move that universities say would have a chilling effect on fundamental research supported by DoE. The proposal - which stems from a 1982 law allowing the department to ...
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  • 18
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 189-189 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE Reagan Administration is coming under mounting congressional pressure to postpone tests planned for this summer on the United States' first air-launched anti-satellite weapon. Four resolutions have been submitted in the House of Representatives and the Senate calling for the United ...
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  • 19
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 191-191 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] JUST one day before Parliament was dissolved last week to clear the way for the general election, the British Government published its long-awaited proposals for new legislation on animal experimentation. Opponents of animal experimentation will not be placated - nothing short of a ban on the use ...
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  • 20
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 233-235 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The starting material consisted of synthetic olivine (Mg2SiO4 from TEM-Pres) and a minute amount of graphite. The latter was added for absorbing the laser and thus heating the sample. The starting material was compressed in a diamond-anvil cell to about 220 kbar over a 20-min period, and the ...
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  • 21
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 242-244 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The present experiments used techniques for inducing the differentiation of isolated spore cells in vitro8 and for the purification of DIF. Starved amoebae can be induced to differentiate in vitro by incubation in tissue culture dishes in a buffered salt solution containing cyclic AMP. In these ...
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  • 22
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 193-193 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] DR Carlo Rubbia of Harvard University revealed in a talk at Princeton University last week that his group at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research in Geneva, may have detected the Z particle, the third of the intermediate vector bosons predicted by theory. Rubbia's group detected the ...
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  • 23
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 195-195 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - We have examined in detail several publications by H.H. Paradies. One is a report in Nature on 11 April 1970 about single crystals of a valine-specific tRNA from yeast1. We find that the diffraction pattern attributed to valyl tRNA in Fig. 2 of that article is in fact an X-ray photograph from ...
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  • 24
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 198-199 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE extraordinary strategy for survival evolved by the Ti plasmids of the Agrobacteria depends on the transfer of a segment of plasmid DNA from the bacterium into the nuclear genome of a higher plant. There the transferred segment, T-DNA, directs the synthesis of low-molecular-weight metabolites ...
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  • 25
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 221-222 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The balloon flight took place on 27 October 1978, from Alamogordo, New Mexico (33? N) and the present data were obtained during sunset when the balloon was at a float altitude of 39 km. The spectra were obtained with a high resolution (unapodized resolution 0.02 cm"1) Michelson interferometer ...
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  • 26
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 231-233 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We analysed five box cores (PLDS 66, 68, 70, 72 and 74) all from water depths near 4,000 m close to the Equator, and from between 100 W and 115W; Core PLDS 72 may be taken as typical. Carbonate percentages, physical properties, and diatom stratigraphy have already been published for this core5'7. ...
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  • 27
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 239-240 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Initial laboratory tests showed that formaldehyde (2%) and glutaraldehyde (2%) were more effective than dodecylamine (1%) in killing spores of B. anthracis in suspension and spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger in beds of peat 30 cm deep but none of the chemicals sterilized the peat beds at the ...
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  • 28
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 240-242 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Many aspects of the CNS of the leech, Hirudo medicinalis, are well understood3, but very little is known about how it processes visual information. The leech's visual system includes five pairs of eyes, numbered 1-5 in a front-to-rear sequence on the surface of the head (Fig. la), and numerous ...
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  • 29
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] We have succeeded in isolating and growing as long-term cell lines T lymphocytes reactive to BP or to other antigens2"4. Anti-BP T cells were found to mediate EAE within several days of intravenous inoculation into naive recipient rats. The rats developed paralysis and showed the same perivascular ...
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  • 30
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 256-259 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The criterion for identifying a recombinogenic element was the recA^-dependent ability of an element to cause a plasmid to form high levels of circular oligomers. To identify elements in E. coli chromosomal DNA, random EcoRl fragments were inserted into the single EcoRl site of the plasmid pVH51 ...
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  • 31
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 197-197 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE resignation as of mid-April 1983 of Professor Hasko Paradies from his chair of biology at the Free University of Berlin comes a year after the university had started an investigation into charges of scientific fraud. Paradies leaves behind him a string of disputed publications and the question ...
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  • 32
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 201-201 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] UNTIL recently, the biological study of plant and animal populations on islands has been focused principally on the number of species found, and population density has been largely ignored. That emphasis is now changing, and some new analyses of the population dynamics of species of spiders, ...
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  • 33
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 248-250 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The phenotypic and functional dichotomy of T cells and the concomitant expression of class I and II MHC molecules by non-lymphoid thymic components8 has been interpreted as indicating a site-specific maturation and consequent MHC restriction of Lyt-difTerentiated thymocytes5. Originally, it was ...
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  • 34
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 265-265 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] BEFORE the commercial advent of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), about 10-12 years ago, NMR spectroscopy appeared to have found its niche. Spectrometers were being used in both academic and industrial chemical laboratories to study relatively simple molecules whilst the large ...
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  • 35
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 213-216 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
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    Notes: [Auszug] PSR1937 + 214 shares its combination of short pulse period and abnormally weak surface magnetic field strength with the binary radio pulsars with short orbital periods PSR1913 + 16 (Porb = 7 h 45 min, /Vise = 0.059 s) and PSR0655 + 64 (Porb = 24 h 41 min, Ppulsc = 0.196s) which both have ...
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  • 36
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 223-225 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
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    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1 lists the chemical shifts, interatomic distances and angles for the samples studied. Figure 1 shows the spectra. All samples gave sharp peaks in X-ray powder diffraction patterns, and no impurities were detected. The coesite and stishovite were obtained from the Coconino sandstone shocked ...
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  • 37
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 202-203 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE survival strategy of the African trypanosome has of late provided fascinating insights into the ways in which eukaryotic gene expression can be controlled. The trypanosome survives in the bloodstream of its mammalian host through a series of changes in its surface which is composed of a matrix ...
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  • 38
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    Notes: [Auszug] Foreign genes introduced into plant cells with Ti-plasmid vectors are not expressed. We have constructed an expression vector derived from the promoter sequence of nopaline synthase, and have inserted the coding sequences of the octopine synthase gene and a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene ...
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  • 39
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 250-253 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
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    Notes: [Auszug] Current recordings were made from enzymatically dispersed S-A and A-V nodal cells7. After 1-2 h of superfusion with normal Tyrode solution, many single cells appear rounded or oval (nodal 'cardioballs'). They have diameters of 15-30 jim and beat spontaneously. Membrane currents and membrane ...
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  • 40
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 192-192 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington FACED with a storm of protest from archaeologists, the National Science Foundation (NSF) has backed down on a proposal that would have required review of archaeology grant proposals by state government officials. At a meeting in Pittsburgh with the executive board of the Society for ...
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 194-194 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SWEEPING changes in the administration of British higher education have been promised by two of the three main political parties fighting the general election on 9 June. Both the Labour Party and the Alliance of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the Liberal Party advocate increased access to ...
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  • 42
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 196-196 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - My 1970 paper is not a misrepresentation because: (1) The crystal diffracts well and does not deteriorate as long as the temperature is below 4C. But within 4 h of increasing the temperature from 4C to 21 C the vapour pressure of ?-butanol/dioxane increases more than 10-fold so that the tRNA ...
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 190-190 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Canberra THE future of a A$150 million laboratory for the study of foot and mouth disease virus has been thrown into confusion. Although the facility is now virtually complete, the federal government is considering a report by the Australian Science and Technology Council (ASTEC), tabled in ...
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 204-204 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ZEOLITES are porous tectosilicates of immense importance as catalysts and molecular sieves in the petroleum industry. Recently much interest has been focused on the short-range Si-Al order in the zeolite framework, since this appears to be fundamental to the catalytic and other chemical properties. ...
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 259-260 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The wc allele was originally isolated as a partial phenotypic revertant of white-ivory (w1), a mutant allele of white which resulted from the duplication of 2.9 kilobases (kb) of DNA within the white locus5. The wc mutation was caused by the insertion of a 10-kb FB transposable element into this ...
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 261-261 
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    Notes: [Auszug] MANY years ago now, I heard Michael Polanyi give his lecture on " Passion and Controversy in Science", later published in the Lancet (June 16 1956, pp.921-925). Anyone who doubts his view that scientific debate may be coloured by emotion should read the story of the discovery of insulin, which has ...
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 263-263 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SUDHIR Kakar, the author of this set of descriptions of the practices observed in a series of Indian centres for psychic healing, is well qualified for his task. Kakar completed his basic education in India before going on to further training in psychology and psychoanalysis in West Germany, ...
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 264-264 
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    Notes: [Auszug] "SIMPLE" is perhaps a relative term, but the first third of this text, at least, should be accessible to the enthusiastic undergraduate. It includes a discussion of the harmonic oscillator (including coherent-state solutions and the driven oscillator), the f-sum rule, anharmonic oscillators and the ...
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    Nature 303 (1983), S. 262-262 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The Hunger for Salt is the work of a scientist and scholar. Should one want to read about the endocrine, neuroendocrine and renal mechanisms involved in the homeostasis of sodium, water and related ions, the book contains all that is to be expected from a physiologist as Denton fundamentally is. ...
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    Nature 305 (1983), S. 60-62 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Southern blots were prepared from restriction digests of a recombinant ? phage clone of the HTLV provirus. This phage (A 23-3) contains an 8.2 kilobase (kb) insert of one complete HTLV provirus excised from the integrated state from DNA of the MT-2 cell line10 with Sstl and cloned into the Sstl ...
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    Nature 305 (1983), S. 68-70 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SV40 is particularly useful in such a study because: (1) it is repaired and replicated as a minichromosome using only host cell enzymes (except that the viral T antigen is necessary for the initiation of SV40 DNA replication); (2) numerous mutants can easily be obtained, mapped and sequenced; (3) ...
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    Nature 305 (1983), S. 73-73 
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    Notes: [Auszug] PANKHURST REPLIES-We thank Moorbath for his comments on the introduction to our article1 on the isotope geochemistry of the Etive Igneous Complex and apologize for any unintended misrepresentation of his view caused by a poor choice of words. Our purpose was simply to set the scene by referring to ...
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    Nature 305 (1983), S. 76-76 
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    Notes: [Auszug] A PERENNIAL trouble with the philosophy of science, and, to slightly lesser extent, its history, is that of finding an adequate level of philosophical and historical scholarship in those trained fully to understand the science and vice versa. It is a joy to record how, in this "historico-critical ...
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    Nature 305 (1983), S. 77-77 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Great Scientific Experiments: 20 Experiments that Changed our View of the World by Rom Harré(Phaidon Press),is now available in paperback from Oxford University Press; price £3.50. The author considers key experiments in the history of science from a methodological and theoretical ...
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    Nature 305 (1983), S. 79-80 
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    Notes: [Auszug] o Brownell have announced a range of remote-reading dewpoint indicators which use the change in dielectric value of an anodic film, induced by changes in water vapour pressure, to indicate the equivalent dewpoint temperature of the vapour-bearing gas. The instruments have been developed to monitor ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 671-671 
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    Notes: [Auszug] A HOCKEY team has won 5 out of 20 games it has played: what percentage of games has it won? You have a master's degree in chemistry and head the science department of a Florida secondary school where you have taught for seven years. What is your salary? The first question could not be answered ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 673-673 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington A PROPOSED rule that would allow the US government to keep secret even unclassified information related to nuclear weapons is meeting with broad opposition from groups as diverse as librarians, trade unions and newspaper editors. The rule, which establishes a new category of ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 674-674 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SPENDING on basic research by industry and by academic institutes in the United States between 1953 and 1981 as a percentage of total support for basic research. In terms of 1972 dollars, spending on basic research by industry has remained roughly constant since 1960, with a small peak of around ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 674-675 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE Cohen-Boyer patent, for the basic process of genetic manipulation of bacteria, was thrust back into the limelight with the filing of an unusual petition seeking to reopen to public view the Patent Office's action on the pending application. Although patent applications are by law ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 676-676 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE British Synchrotron Radiation Source (SRS) at Daresbury, Lancashire - arguably the world's best X-ray machine, used for analysing the structure of molecules and materials - is to get brighter. It will thereby remain competitive with planned American and Japanese sources. The conversion will ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 677-677 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington ONLY weeks after Public Health Service officials were once again insisting that adequate funds are available to deal with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, Secretary of Health and Human Services Margaret Heckler announced that she would ask Congress to reallocate ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 677-677 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington BIOTECH Research Laboratories, a Maryland-based developer and supplier of monoclonal antibodies, has signed what it believes to be the first biotechnology research agreement between a US company and the People's Republic of China. Thomas Li, Biotech's president, told Nature that under ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 678-678 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ANNE MCLAREN REPLIES: SIR - The imune suppression reported by Hurtenbach & Shearer (J.exp.Med. 155 1719; 1982) was induced by spermatozoa introduced into the blood stream. Only male mice were tested but, as Sibatani implies above, it would be interesting to know if the effect is less marked in ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - The potential for house flies to spread disease has, of course, long been recognized. A fly, having crawled over human or animal faeces, may enter the house eventually to alight on exposed food. Usually the fly, attracted by light, whizzes up and down the window. Attempts to swat it dead are ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 683-683 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ONE of the most astonishing facts about the intracellular movement of membranous organelles is that we still do not know what drives them. We cannot say, at present, whether the particle we see in the light microscope, moving steadily from one side of a cell to the other, is being driven by a ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 686-686 
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    Notes: [Auszug] RICHARD GERSHON died on 11 July 1983, less than a year after he was discovered to have lung cancer and arguably at the peak of his career. As Professor of Immunology and Biology, and Director of the Laboratory of Cellular Immunology of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Yale Medical School, he ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 689-690 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE primordial helium abundance, the solar oblateness and its implications concerning General Relativity, the missing neutrinos and the ubiquitous 160-minute period were but a few of the issues pervading a recent conference on helioseismology*. About 80 scientists were present, from most of the ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 695-699 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Computer models, designed to synthesize palaeosecular variations of the geomagnetic field, cast doubt on some widely accepted palaeomagnetic dogmas. Westward (or eastward) drift cannot be uniquely deduced from the sense of rotation of the geomagnetic vector: the use of unit vectors in statistical ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 710-712 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The SO2 abundance of 0.2 cm atm detected by the Voyager I IRIS experiment in the subsolar region of Io corresponds to a SO2 vertical column density NIRIS = 5 X 1018 cm-2 (ref. 8). This is approximately the atmospheric SO2 abundance that would exist if the SO2 gas were in thermodynamic equilibrium ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] IR observations of the SN were carried out at the 3.9-m Anglo-Australian Telescope and the 3.8-m United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (Hawaii) in the J(1.25 µm), H(1.65 µm) and K(2.2 µm) bands (plus a single upper limit at L(3.4 µm)) (see Fig. 1). If we use the typical optical ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 716-719 
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    Notes: [Auszug] In early diagenetic and mixed type nodules Co displays a positive correlation with Fe (r = 0.77)3 and no correlation to Mn, whereas in hydrogenetic nodules Co correlates to Mn (r = 0.79)3. Hydrogenetic nodules and crusts show generally higher Co contents than diagenetically formed nodules. This ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Electrophysiological measures of selective attention were obtained in a selective listening paradigm developed by Hillyard and associates6-8. Auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) were recorded from subjects who listened selectively to sequences of discrete tones delivered in random order ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 733-735 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Bovine ROSs were prepared as intact stacks of disks ensheathed by a perforated plasma membrane13 and washed free of endogenous nucleotides. The ROSs were stored in ampoules at liquid N2 temperature, which produced a 20% reduction in amplitude of the scattering signals relative to freshly prepared ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 735-738 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The experiments were performed on ferret papillary muscles which were microinjected with the photoprotein aequorin in order to measure [Ca2+]i. In most experiments between 30 and 100 cells were injected. The intensity of the light emitted by aequorin (a function of [Ca2+]i was measured with a ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 741-742 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Experiments were carried out on the sheet-like gluteus muscle of neonatal rats aged 0-1 days and 13-17 days. The muscle (Fig. 1) varies between 12 and 25 fibres thick and is innervated by about 20 motor axons. It arises medially from the iliac crest and inserts into the femur and fascia of the ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] We have shown previously that partially purified rat liver glucocorticoid receptor binds to DNA fragments of proviral MMTV containing the right half of the LTR region9. These experiments were performed with two different forms of the receptor: a 90,000-molecular weight (Mr) form that was only 50% ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 752-754 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We have shown previously that the triplet anisotropy decay technique can be a powerful tool for studying DNA flexibility. In that technique the brownian motion of DNA helices is monitored by methylene blue, a dye probe that we1, 2 and others3 have shown to bind by intercalating into the helix. ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 754-754 
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN the letter Three mutant insulins in man' by S. Shoelson et al., Nature 302, 540-543 (1983), the fourth author's name was shown incorrectly and should read K. ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 757-758 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ONCE upon a time people saw energy policies as concerned with ensuring adequate and secure energy supplies at the lowest practicable cost to the nation. Indeed, this is the attitude of most governments today. Of course, there has to be due regard to the environment, the disadvantaged and other ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 759-759 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE AMAZING diversity of biochemical reactions catalysed by haemoproteins is well matched by the variety of the valency and spin states and redox potentials exhibited by their prosthetic group, iron porphyrins. Thus, iron porphyrins are an ideal probe through which to gain insight into the ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 571-571 
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    Notes: [Auszug] BY the unexciting standards set in recent years, this year's annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science promises well. No doubt the venue helps - a sea-coast university is bound to give many of the participants a sense of being on holiday - but the University of Sussex ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 572-572 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington GOVERNMENT regulation of genetic engineering is once again about to become a live issue. Regulation has steadily declined as the fears that prompted the creation, seven years ago, of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC) have failed to ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 575-575 
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    Notes: [Auszug] St Louis ON the eighth space shuttle flight, due to be launched on 30 August, the McDonnell Douglas Corporation will be using continuous-flow electrophoresis to try to separate insulin-producing beta cells from the other cells of the pancreas. The procedure could have potential as a way of ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 576-576 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington CONSTRUCTION of the prototype for a massive neutrino detector is to begin soon on the Pacific Ocean floor off the coast of Hawaii. Unlike existing neutrino detectors, "Dumand" (for "deep underwater muon and neutrino detection") will search for very high energy neutrinos thought to be ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 579-579 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Nature is to be commended for its important editorial (23 June, p.645) concerning agricultural research policy in the United States. By pointing out that genetic science has the potential for reducing costs as well as increasing crop quantity, it hits a neglected nail squarely on the head and ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 580-580 
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    Notes: [Auszug] RICHARD HILLS REPLIES: SIR - Dr Gebbie's letter is founded on the premise that the main purpose of the UK/Netherlands telescope is to observe in the "windows" at 0.35 and0.45 mm. This is not so. The approved specification is that it shall be "usable over the range 13 to 0.3 mm, but optimized for ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 584-585 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] How smooth or how spasmodic is the history of the Earth? This elusive question confronted fifty or so scientists, drawn from a variety of disciplines, at a recent workshop in Berlin*. By the end of the workshop, the participants had decided that its original title, as expressed in the first ...
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  • 88
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 587-587 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the News and Views article by A.L. Bloom on 'Benefits of cloning genes for clotting factors' (Nature 303,474), the penultimate paragraph should have read 'Biogenetic expression of haemostatically effective factor VIII is another matter. . .'. It is unlikely that bacteria would be able either to ...
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  • 89
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 596-602 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Transfection of embryo fibroblasts by a human ras oncogene does not convert them into tumour cells unless the fibroblasts are established and immortalized before transfection. The embryo fibroblasts become tumorigenic if a second oncogene such as a viral or cellular myc gene or the gene for the ...
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  • 90
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 304 (1983), S. 606-607 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] An upper limit has already been set by a magnetic flux experiment9,10, in which one candidate event has been seen. This limit is at present 0.1 monopoles m?2 day?1 sr?1, (irrespective of velocity), which is several orders of magnitude greater than the astrophysical values. Experiments based on ...
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  • 91
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 304 (1983), S. 609-611 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Optical polarization in NGC1068 was first reported by Walker18 who found that the observed polarization rose strongly into the blue. Subsequently, Visvanathan and Oke19 attempted to account for the observed flux and polarization as a superposition of an unpolarized stellar component and a ...
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  • 92
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 304 (1983), S. 618-620 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Clay minerals in shales have been studied for many years using XRD and, more recently, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). XRD is highly important for identifying and quantifying the structural types of clay minerals present, but this ...
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  • 93
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 622-623 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] An internally-heated gas-pressure vessel with Ar medium was used to investigate reaction (1). Pressures were measured accurately to ±50 bar with both a manganin pressure cell and a bourdon-tube gauge. Two Cr-Al thermocouples at the ends of the sample showed 1-2 C differences. Run durations ...
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  • 94
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 628-630 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A total of 621 specimens was used in the analysis. Collections are from Manhattan, Kansas (October 1971); Point Reyes, California (December 1973)25; Lawrence, Kansas (November 1978 and March 1979)21-24; and Calgary, Alberta (May 1979)23. Collection procedures involved mist-netting and occasional ...
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  • 95
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 635-638 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Frog ventricular muscle was used in the present study primarily because development of tension in this tissue is continuously controlled by the membrane potential, suggesting that intracellular Ca2+ pools do not contribute significantly to the development of tension8,9. Frog ventricular strips ...
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  • 96
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 648-651 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Primary diploid hamster dermal fibroblasts will reproducibly undergo approximately 20 population doublings (pd) in culture before losing their proliferative potential. During the early part of their culture lifespan they have a doubling time of 15-18 h in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum ...
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  • 97
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 660-661 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THERE are two views of evolutionary pattern and process: either that most change occurs during relatively brief periods of speciation (the punctuation model) or that such changes occur gradually in established lineages (the gradualistic model). Williamson1 concludes from his study of fossil ...
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  • 98
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 664-664 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] HARRISON AND LINDH REPLY-The mechanism suggested by Verosub is certainly possible, and as he indicates would tend to degrade the information about mantle plume movements, especially during times of changing patterns of plate motion. However, it is possible that plumes may rise much faster than the ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 665-666 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ONE of the more curious episodes in the history of geophysics was the way in which the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) unwittingly aided the front-line defeat of the Germans during the First World War. When in 1910 the United States Congress rejected a proposal to establish a Bureau of Seismology at ...
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    Nature 304 (1983), S. 669-670 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Astronomy HARTMANN, W.K. Moons and Planets, 2nd Edn. Pp.509. ISBN 0-534-00719-8. (Wadsworth: 1983.) Np. MURRAY, C.A. Vectorial Astrometry. Pp.350. ISBN 0-85274-372-6. (Adam Hilger: 1983.) £25. ROY, A.E. and CLARKE, D.* Astronomy: Principles and Practice, 2nd Edn. Pp.342. Hbk ISBN ...
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