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  • Organic Chemistry  (689)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (300)
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (1,236)
  • 1971  (1,236)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
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  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (1,236)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971) 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 2
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 1-5 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The configuration of the insecticidal and medicinal lipid ‘affinin,’ N-isobutyldeca-trans-2, cis-6, trans-8-trienamide, may be assigned in an unequivocal manner by NMR spectroscopy. The spectral data and the advantages of the multiple irradiation methods are presented and discussed.
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  • 3
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 7-22 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The spectra of Δ3- and Δ4-pyrrolin-2-one were analysed and the sign of all the coupling constants determined by tickling and triple resonance experiments. A positive allylic interaction (Jxz in 2) is reported and four-bond couplings are discussed in particular. Deuterium exchange affords evidence for the tautomeric equilibrium between 1 and 2.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Assignment of all 13C chemical shifts of perezone (1) and some derivatives was possible using time averaged 25·15 MHz spectra with the aid of proton noise modulated and CW decoupling. Rapid interconversion of tautomeric forms of 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones is deduced from the 13C spectra.
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  • 5
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 31-36 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The proton resonance spectra of some methyl-, acetyl-and benzoyl-derivatives of the polysaccharides amylose and dextrane as well as of α-D-glucose and β-maltose have been analysed. The configuration and conformation of the monomer units and the kind of glycosidic bonding may be determined from the relative signal positions and the coupling constants.
    Notes: Die Protonenresonanzspektren einiger Methyl-, Acetyl- und Benzoylderivate der Polysaccharide Amylose und Dextran sowie der α-D-Glucose und β-Maltose wurden analysiert. Aus den relativen Signallagen und den Kopplungskonstanten der Ringprotonen kann die Konfiguration und Konformation des Monomerbausteins sowie die Art der glycosidischen Bindung bestimmt werden.
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  • 6
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 37-43 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of 4-phenyl-1, 3-oxathian, 6-methyl-1, 3-oxathian, and some of their 2-substituted derivatives is described. Significant features of their NMR spectra are discussed with particular reference to the influence of the heteroatoms on the coupling constants of adjacent protons.
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  • 7
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 45-74 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: We have studied the temperature dependence of NMR spectra of six spirophosphoranes of the general formula: Experimental data show intramolecular isomerism which was explained by pseudo-rotation mechanism (Berry, Lit. 1).In all cases except one we also observed tautomerism between spirophosphorane and phosphite forms.
    Notes: Nous avons étudié la variation, en fonction de la température, des spectres de RMN de six spirophosphoranes des types: Les résultats expérimentaux indiquent l'existence d'une isomérie intramoléculaire que nous avons interprétée en adoptant le mécanisme de pseudo-rotation proposé par Berry.1Dans tous les cas, sauf un, le déplacement de l'équilibre tautomère spirophosphorane ⇌ phosphite s'ajoute an phénomène d'isomérie observé.
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  • 8
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971) 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. i 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The NMR-spectrum of 7·7-difluoro-benzo-cyclopropene (2) has been analysed to obtain chemical shifts and spin, spin-coupling constants: δAA′ = 7·6026, δBB′ = 7·4834 ppm; JAB = 6·86, JAA′ = 7·45, JAB′ = 0·34 and JBB′ = 1·89 Hz. Heteronuclear double resonance experiments have been used to establish a positive sign for 4J(H—F) (3.64 Hz) and a negative sign for 5J(H—F) (-0·33 Hz) in this molecule. The results are discussed with reference to the structure of 2 and the NMR data found for benzo-cyclopropene.
    Notes: Das NMR-Spektrum von 7,7-Difluor-benzo-cyclopropen (2) wurde zur Bestimmung der chemischen Verschiebungen und Spin, Spin-Kopplungskonstanten analysiert: δAA′ = 7,6026, δBB′ = 7,4834, ppm; JAB = 6,86, JAA′ = 7,45, JAB′ = 0,34 und JBB′ = 1,89 Hz. Mit Hilfe heteronuklearer Doppelrresonanz-Experimente wurde ein positives Vorzeichen für 4J(H—F) (3,64 Hz) und ein negatives Vorzeichen für 5J(H—F) (-0,33Hz) in diesem Molekül sichergestellt. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf die Struktur von 2 und die NMR-Daten, die für Benzo-cyclopropen gefunden wurden, diskutiert.
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  • 11
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 279-281 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 2J(13C—CH) couplings involving the formyl proton of α-halogeno-aldehydes have been found to decrease with increasing halogen electronegativity. This trend may be rationalised in terms of inductive withdrawal and a conformation dependent hyperconjugative effect. The direct J(13CH) couplings are also anomalous.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: NMR solvent effects induced by benzene on several N- and O-alkyl oximes are reported. Both shielding and deshielding effects are observed and are accounted for by the geometry of the solute-solvent ‘complex’. Good Hammett plots of solvent shifts for various types of protons are obtained.
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  • 13
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 353-360 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Peracetyl derivatives of oligo- and polysaccharides showed their own characteristic acetate-methyl signals in the NMR spectra measured in chloroform-d, which are useful for the identification and conformational analysis of oligo- and polysaccharides in solutions. An acetate-methyl signal in the lowest field among three acetate-methyl signals appeared in the NMR spectra of amylose acetate and was assigned to the acetate-methyl signal at C6 on the basis of acetate-methyl signals of peracetylated derivatives of 6-O-tosylamylose and xylan. Monosaccharide moieties in oligo- and polysaccharides examined were found in the C1 (D) conformation.
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  • 14
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 373-377 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High resolution fluorine magnetic resonance spectra have been obtained for poly(vinyl fluoride) at elevated temperature. Proton noise-decoupling and time-averaging techniques have given new tacticity and sequence information.
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  • 15
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 379-381 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemical polarization of protons was observed in methyl benzoate formed during the thermal decomposition of dimethyl ester of peroxydiphthalic acid. The polarization pattern of methyl benzoate aromatic protons was very different in this case from that observed during the thermal decomposition of acetyl benzoyl peroxide. The unpolarized products formed from the methoxy radical, CH2O and CH3OH, were found in the mixture of decomposition products of this peroxide and were identified by means of PMR spectroscopy.
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  • 16
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 405-416 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Infinite dilution data for six sulphur heterocycles have been obtained from second order analyses of their NMR spectra in CS2, CDCl3, CD3COCD3, or C6D6. Use of LAOCOON3 leads to accurate chemical shifts, but substantial errors remain in some of the coupling constants. Evidence is presented of specific association of chloroform with the sulphur heterocycles and of the interaction of acetone with the sulphur atom. An apparently anomalous geometry for the complex of benzene with thiophen and with other solutes is discussed. Dilution effects are considered in relation to the formation of solute dimers.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Proton spin-spin coupling values measured for a wide range of tetrasubstituted tetrahydropyran ring-systems obtained from aldopentopyranose sugars have been correlated with values calculated from a generalized version of the Karplus equation which takes into account the electronegativities of the various atoms in the molecule and the configurations of these substituents. Minor discrepancies between observed and calculated values can be attributed to slight flattening of the tetrahydropyran ring as a result of steric interactions of the substituents. The magnitude of the geminal coupling J5e,5a of these aldopentopyranose derivatives provides a rough measure of the conformational population; when H-4 is axial [Cl(D) or 1C(L) conformation] J5e,5a is ∼10.9 Hz, and is ∼13.4 Hz when H-4 is equatorial [1C(D) or Cl(L) conformation].
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  • 18
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 433-449 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The compound 2,4-dichloro-1-pentene-1-d1 (1) was synthesized starting from and CH≡CNa. In the last stage of the synthesis on activated carbon-HgCl2 catalyst), (3) were formed together with (1).The NMR parameters of (1), its cis and trans isomers and (2) were obtained in C6D6 solution at 100 MHz. Theoretical spectra of (1) at 60 MHz were simulated with the aid of a computer, using as input the NMR parameters obtained at 100 MHz and good agreement with the experiment was obtained.
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  • 19
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 429-432 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The methylene protons of dibenzyl sulphoxide are magnetically equivalent in low dielectric and non-equivalent in high dielectric constant solvents, while for diphenacyl sulphoxide this behaviour is reversed. In both cases, the variation in the magnitude of the non-equivalence reflects a greater downfield shift of one methylene proton than the other on passing from non-polar to polar solvents. By contrast, the chemical shift difference between the benzyl methylene protons or between the phenacyl methylene protons of benzyl phenacyl sulphoxide varies only slightly with solvent polarity.
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  • 20
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 451-462 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: NMR spectra of disubstituted ethers with the formula (X—CH2—CH2)2O, X = Cl, Br, I, have been studied. Spectra of neat liquids at ambient temperature and spectra of these compounds in CS2 at different temperatures have been analysed. It has been possible to assign the chemical shifts. In each case, the more populated rotamers have been determined. Additionally, for these three compounds dissolved in CS2, it is shown that the gauche form becomes more stable with cooling. The authors propose a procedure, using spectral decomposition, which allows the analysis of AA′BB′spectra almost degenerated in A2B2 cases.
    Notes: Les spectres RMN d′éthers disubstitués de formule (X—CH2—CH2)2O avec X = Cl, Br, I, d′une part, à température ambiante et à l′état pur et, d′autre part, en solution dans CS2 et à différentes températures, ont été analysés avec précision. Les déplacements chimiques de chacun des groupements CH2 ont pu ětre attribués. Les rotaméres prépondérants ont été déterminés à l′état pur et à différentes températures. De plus, il est montré que pour ces trois halogénures dissous dans CS2, les formes gauches relatives à chaque branche deviennent plus stables en refroidissant. Les auteurs ont mis au point une procédure permettant, par décomposition de raies, de traiter les spectres de type AA′BB′ ayant l′aspect de spectres de type A2B2.
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  • 21
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 463-473 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 1H and 19F NMR spectra of the CH2FCHF group in FCH2CHFCO2C2H5 were analysed on the basis of an ABCXY spin system. The non-equivalence of the methylene protons is discussed in terms of rotational isomerism. It is concluded that the dominant rotamer is probably considerably distorted from a perfectly staggered orientation. The variation of 3JHF with substituent electronegativity is reviewed.
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  • 22
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 475-477 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some shielding and deshielding effects by an adjacent cyclopropyl ring and the effect of the ring on geminal coupling constants α- to the ring are reported and discussed.
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  • 23
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 479-483 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Proton magnetic resonance chemical shifts and coupling constants for some 5-substituted dihydrofurans, dihydrofuran and dihydrothiophene fused rings are reported, the substituents being methyl, ethyl and phenyl.The observed coupling constants are consistent with buckled rings, in which it appears that a conformation with pseudo-equatorial substituents is predominant.
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  • 24
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 495-501 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 25
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 503-504 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 26
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. i 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 27
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 485-494 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The 1H-NMR spectra of symmetric compounds with two phosphorus atoms of the type R—X—P—Y—P—X—R, R = CH3, C2H5, X =  - , O, NCH3, NCH2 - , Y = NCH3, have been determined. After elimination of eventual couplings within the alkyl protons these spectra always show triplets in the case of trivalent phosphorus and doublets in the case of pentavalent phosphorus atoms. Since this paper establishes an unequal coupling between the alkyl protons and the two phosphorus nuclei, it is concluded that these compounds show a degenerate, however deceivingly simple, coupling: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} J(P,\,\,P) \gg J(P,R) \to {\rm triplet} \\ J(P,\,\,P) \ll J(P,R) \to {\rm doublet}{\rm .} \\\end{array} $$\end{document}The spectra of symmetric diorgano diphosphines can be interpreted via the same mechanism. Calculations to substantiate these findings are reported.
    Notes: Es wurden 1H-NMR Spektren symmetrisch aufgebauter, zwei Phosphorkerne enthaltender Verbindungen vom Typ R—X—P—Y—P—X—R, R = CH3, C2H5, X =  - , O, NCH3, NCH2—, Y = NCH3, gemessen. Die Spektren der Protonen aus den Resten R ergaben (nach Elimination etwaiger Kopplungen zwischen den R-Protonen) im Falle dreiwertigen Phosphors stets Triplett-Signale, im Falle fünfwertigen Phosphors Dublett-Signale. Da gleiche Kopplungen von R zu beiden Phosphorkernen ausgeschlossen werden konnten, muß eine entartete, täuschend einfache Kopplung vorliegen, die in der vorliegenden Arbeit geklärt wird: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} J(P,\,\,P) \gg J(P,R) \to {\rm Triplett,} \\ J(P,\,\,P) \ll J(P,R) \to {\rm Doublet}{\rm .} \\\end{array} $$\end{document}Auch in den bisher vermessenen symmetrischen Diorgano-diphosphinen dürfte dieses Kopplungs-system vorliegen. Die Berechnungen dieses Systems werden mitgeteilt.
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  • 28
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971) 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 29
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 505-507 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method for the interpretation of NQR spectra is described. The indentification of multiple lines belonging to different transitions \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{1}{2} \to \frac{3}{2}{\rm and}\frac{3}{2} \to \frac{5}{2} $\end{document}is carried out by using the ‘seizure’ of the corresponding low or high frequency transitions in a two-frequency pulse experiment.
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  • 30
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 509-513 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electron spin resonance in some charge-transfer complexes of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) with sulphanilamides and antibiotics has been investigated.The ESR spectra are caused by two types of paramagnetic centres: the impurity type and the thermally excited type (Wannier spin excitons).
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  • 31
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 655-659 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of organotin compounds have been studied using the heteronuclear double resonance H1-{Sn119}. The tin chemical shifts have been tabulated and discussed on the basis of the concept of electronegativity. The highfield displacement is found attributable to the filling of the 5d-orbitals of the tin atom.
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  • 32
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 661-677 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Coupling constants of 35 substituted pyridines are discussed and related to the electronic properties of the substituents and to the mechanism of coupling. A calculation of J is performed using Pople and Santry's theory and mutual polarizabilities obtained by CNDO/2 or Hoffmann methods. The influence of bicentric integrals on the theoretical values of J is examined.
    Notes: Les constantes de couplages relatives à un ensemble de 35 pyridines substituées sont discutées en relation avec les propriétés électroniques des substituants et le mécanisme du couplage. Un calcul de J est réalisé, sur la base de la théorie de Pople, à l′aide des valeurs de polarisabilités mutuelles obtenues par la méthode CNDO/2 et la méthode d'Hoffmann. L'influence d′une inclusion des intégrales bicentriques est examinée.
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  • 33
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 689-691 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure elucidation of some isomeric imidazo(1,2-a)pyrimidones by NMR spectroscopy is described. The tautomerism of the compounds with non-substituted nitrogen is also discussed.
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  • 34
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 679-687 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The carbon-13 chemical shifts of monosubstituted cyclohexane derivatives are compared with those of aliphatic compounds. The polar substituents exert a similar influence on the α-, β- and γ-carbons in both series of compounds. The δ-effect is shown to be characteristic mainly to the cyclic compounds, however. The appearance of a δ-effect is discussed as a possible consequence of electron delocalization in alicyclic molecules. A correlation of these δ-effects with inductive parameters of the substituents is presented.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 703-711 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interaction of triethylaluminium, diethylaluminium chloride and ethylaluminium dichloride with some methyl-substituted pyridines has been investigated in 1,2-dichloroethane or dichloromethane by means of NMR spectroscopy. 2,6-Dimethyl- and 2,4,6-trimethyl-pyridine have been found to form three types of complexes with diethylaluminium chloride and ethylaluminium dichloride in solution. In addition, the configurations of the complexes in solution have been estimated from proton NMR chemical shifts of the methyl-substituted pyridines and the conductivity measurements.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 721-723 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The temperature or the nature of the solvent selectively affects the NMR equivalence of the protons at C-2 and C-4 in 1.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 713-720 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: meso and dl Dimers (ArCHOR)2 where R is Me, Et, iPr, tBu, cyclohexyl and 1-adamantyl may readily be differentiated by their NMR spectra; the benzylic protons of the meso isomer always absorb at a slightly higher field than those of the dl isomer in each of the solvents used. Differences in chemical shift are discussed in terms of preferences in conformer distribution. The formation of equal amounts of both dimers from the corresponding radical ArCHOR shows that steric and polar factors are not important in influencing the dimerization. Magnetic non-equivalence due to the presence of asymmetric centres was found in some of the compounds discussed above.
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  • 38
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 725-732 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complete analysis of the NMR spectrum of CH2Cl.CFBr.CH3 in CCl4 and acetone is given. The long range 4JHH couplings in this molecule differ considerably and surprisingly are both positive. An analysis of the solvent dependence of the couplings enables the rotamer couplings and energies to be obtained. The rotamer energies and their variation with solvent are in accord with quantitative predictions and results from similar halogenated ethanes. The values of the 4JHH couplings can be rationalised in terms of substituent electronegativity effects.
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  • 39
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Evidence is presented which shows, contrary to the opinion expressed by Moriarty et al., that for electronic reasons internal rotation is substantially more hindered in thioamides than in amides.
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  • 40
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Complete proton resonance spectra-including all observable 13C—H-couplings of a series of substituted cyclobutenes, methylene-cyclobutenes and bismethylene-cyclobutenes have been observed and assigned. The results are discussed with respect to bonding properties in complex-stabilized cyclobutadiene.
    Notes: Die vollständigen Protonenresonanz-Spektren - einschließlich aller beobachtbaren 13C—H-Kopplungen wurden für eine Reihe substituierter Cyclobutene, Methylen-cyclobutene und Bismethylen-cyclobutene aufgenommen und zugeordnet. Die Meßergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf die Bindungsverhältnisse im durch Komplexbildung stabilisierten-Cyclobutadien diskutiert.
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  • 41
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: PMR spectra of d-aldosterone, its acetylated derivatives and related compounds were studied using 60 and 100 MHz spectrometers at various temperatures, in CDCI3, DMSO-d6, CD3OD and D2O.The aldehyde form (1) was not found. The solutions of d-aldosterone and aldosterone-21 acetate contain a mixture of the cyclic forms with one (11-18) hemi-ketal bridge (2) and two (11-18, 18-20) hemi-ketal bridges (3).Preliminary results concerning modifications of the relative concentration of 2 and 3 obtained by varying solvents and temperature are given. Aldosterone-diacetate exists in only one form, most likely form 2.There is restricted rotation of the group at C-21 in d-aldosterone and in form 3 of aldosterone 21-acetate.One molecule of water is probably bound to d-aldosterone.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 797-799 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Proton chemical polarization was observed in methyl butyrate, γ-butyrolactone and in some other products of the dimethyl perdiglutarate decomposition reaction. The polarization pattern of the α-CH2 and β-CH2 groups in butyrolactone is just as one would expect in the products of the CH3OCH2CH2ĊH2 radical which has left the pair of identical radicals. Thus butyrolactone is formed from the CH3OCH2CH2ĊH2 radical by means of intramolecular cyclization and elimination of the methyl radical.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971) 
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 1-23 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971) 
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 1-12 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 47
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 453-461 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Surface reactions of aldehydes and nitriles induced by high electric fields have been studied mass spectrometrically. Some general phenomena are demonstrated for the case of surface reactions of crotonaldehyde. The field ionization (FI) mass spectra of polar substances depend strongly on whether the organic micro needles on the FI emitter have a tight or a porous structure. Proton transfer reactions are observed with most of the polar substances. They can be reduced if the emitter surface is covered with a strongly adsorbed substance which does not react with the polar substance. The originally dense micro needle structure may change to a porous structure. The FI mass spectra of polar substances may then change drastically with time because of capillary condensation or multilayer formation.Raising the emitter temperature decreases the intensity of the fragment and dimeric ions of polar substances which form multilayers on the emitter surface. Thermal desorption of the multilayers reduces the number of reactions occurring therein. Even at high temperatures (750°C) the reduction of fragment intensities due to the multilayer removal is more pronounced than the increase of fragment intensities due to thermal bond rupture, provided that the C,N,O-skeleton of the molecules is composed of strong bonds like conjugated double bonds, or that it has a cyclic structure.It is shown that the FI mass spectra of benzonitrile are much simpler than those of some aliphaticnitriles, and that the mechanisms of field polymerization are different in both cases.
    Notes: Oberflächenreaktionen von Aldehyden und Nitrilen bei hoher elektrischer Feldstärke wurden rnassenspektrometrisch untersucht. Einige allgemeine Erscheinungen werden für den Fall von Oberflächenreaktionen von Crotonaldehyd aufgezeigt. Die Feldionisations Massenspektren (FI) polarer Substanzen hängen stark davon ab, ob die organischen Mikronadeln auf dem FI-Emitter eine dichte oder eine poröse Struktur hahen. Protonentransfer-Reaktionen werden mit den meisten polaren Substanzen beobachtet. Sie können reduziert werden, wenn die Emitteroberfläche mit einer stark adsorbierten Substanz bedeckt wird, die nicht mit der polaren Substanz reagiert. Die ursprünglich dichte Struktur der Mikronadel kann sich zu einer porösen Struktur wandeln. Die FI-Massenspektren polarer Substanzen können sich dann im Laufe der Zeit wegen Kapillarkondensation oder der Bildung von Multischichten drastisch verändern.Die Erhöhung der Emittertemperatur verringert die Intensität der Fragment- und dimeren Ionen der polaren Substanzen, die Multischichten auf der Emitteroberfläche bilden. Thermische Desorption der Multischichten verringert die Anzahl der in ihnen vorkommenden Reaktionen. Selbst bei hohen Temperaturen (750° C) ist die Reduzierung von Fragmentintensitäten infolge des Abbaus der Multischichten ausgeprägter als diezunahmevon Fragmentintensitäten infolge thermischer Bindungsbrüche, vorausgesetzt daß das C, N, O-Gerüst der Moleküle entweder aus starken Bindungen, wie konjugierten Doppelbindungen zusammengesetzt ist, oder da13 es eine zyklische Striktur hat.Es wird gezeigt, daß die FI-Massenspektren der Benzonitrile wesentlich einfacher sind als die einiger aliphatischer Nitrile, und daß die Mechanismen der Feldpolyrnerisation in beiden Fällen verschieden sind.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 483-485 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 573-597 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron impact (EI) and field ionization (FI) mass spectra of some representative underivatized cardenolides have been studied together for the first time, with the objective of assessing the structural and in particular the sequence information afforded by this promising analytical method. Two series of cardenolides have been examined, each consisting of a mono-, di- and trisaccharide glycoside. The first was based on the aglycone digitoxigenin and comprised neriifolin, thevebioside and cerberoside; the second was based on the genin strophantidin and included cymarin, K-strophantin-β and K-strophantoside. Other cardiac glycosides investigated and discussed include digitoxin and helveticoside. Important and structurally diagnostic fragmentations have been uncovered, especially in FI mode. In addition, the EI and FI spectra of individual components of the cardenolides have been recorded, e.g. the genins digitoxigenin and strophantidin, and the mono-saccharides L-thevetose, D-cymarose and D-glucose.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectral decomposition modes of hydantoin and derivatives containing alkyl and phenyl substituents have been investigated using isotopic labeling techniques. The loss of carbon monoxide from the molecular ions of these compounds was shown to preferentially involve the C-4 carbonyl group. Other fragmentation processes characteristic of the hydantoin ring system and the effect on this of alkyl and phenyl substitution are described.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 599-604 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The vapor phase reactions of various metal alkyl and alkoxy ions are discussed. Ions produced from suitable precursors can react with neutral molecules which contain an electronegative site. It appears that ions containing a positively charged silicon, tin, germanium or mercury center are more reactive than corresponding carbonium ions.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 605-613 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of all three monochloro-, seven of the dichloro- and two of the trichloro-substituted benzophenones are reported. The major fragments in the spectra are due to α-fission to oxonium ions followed by the well-known subsequent fragmentations. The ring bearing the greater number of chlorine atoms appears to cleave more readily, with 2-chloro substituents enhancing this tendency. There is evidence for the formation of the biphenylene ion in all monochloro and all dichloro compounds studied and for the formation of the chloro biphenylene ion in both trichloro compounds studied. In the case of 2,2′-, 2,4- and 3,4-dichlorobenzophenones evidence exists for hydrogen transfer between rings.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 615-618 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Examination of the mass spectra of a series of substituted oxazol-5-ones and other related heterocycles showed no evidence of electron-impact induced isomerism. The electron-impact fragmentations of these compounds were characterized by a single dominant fragmentation process.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 623-624 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971) 
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 619-621 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass-spectra of 1:12, 2:3, 4:5, 6:7, 8:9, 10:11-hexabenzocoronene and the isomer 1:2, 3:4, 5:6, 7:8, 9:10, 11:12-hexabenzocoronene have been examined. The former is typically that of an aromatic conjugated hydrocarbon and is sparse, the latter is more intense. It is conjectured that the former may be found in interstellar space.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 625-632 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of a series of hippuric esters have been determined. A variety of novel rearrangements induced by the presence of a formed benzyl carbonium ion has been rationalized with the aid of high resolution measurements and isotopic and substituent labeling. An eight centered rearrangement is proposed for the observed transfer of oxygen from a nitro group to a double bond.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 633-649 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of the Al(III), Cr(III), Fe(III) and Co(III) complexes of the anions of hexafluoroacetylacetone (hfac) trifluoroacetylacetone (ttac), benzoyltrifluoroacetone (btac) and thenoyltrifluoroacetone (ttac) have been determined and are discussed here. Emphasis is placed on discerning which of the observed reactions may properly be attributed to the influence of the metal in the complex and those which may be thought of as arising from the nature of the ligand. The most important influence of the coordinated metal is related to its ability to be reduced2; however, the presence of the metal serves to prohibit or facilitate certain rearrangement reactions relative to the free protonated ligand. Since essentially all fragmentation occurs within or by loss of a ligand, the nature of the ligand determines the nature of the observed fragments. Where intramolecular com-petition of fragment types is possible (tfac, btac and ttac complexes), the most probable fragment of a given class, odd electron or even electron, is easily determined. The most commonly eliminated fragments are CF3and CF2. Certain metastable peaks are associated with consecutive decomposition in the field free region. Such a phenomenon appears to be common for molecules of the type studied here.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 651-662 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study of the low and high-resolution mass spectra of caprolactam (I), 1-methylcaprolactam (II), 3-methylcaprolactam (III), 4-methylcaprolactam (IV), 5-methylcaprolactam (V), 6-methylcaprolactam (VI), 7-methylcaprolactam (VII) and deuterium labelled compounds has facilitated the proposal of some principal fragmentation mechanisms of ionized molecules of these compounds.The base peaks in the spectra of all compounds studied (except 3-methylcaprolactam) are the ions m/e 30 and m/e 44 respectively formed through the cleavage of the C6-C7 bond and the C2-N bond with simultaneous transfer of a hydrogen atom.It has been proved that the fragmentation of molecular ions leading to ions with the structure of cyclopentanone 2-methylcyclopentanone and 3-methylcyclopentanone respectively (according to the position of methyl group) is the general feature of the fragmentation of caprolactam and its methyl derivatives.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 777-783 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The various fragmentations of the o-nitrobenzanilide molecular anion have been studied by labelling procedures and substituent effects. The loss of HO· from the molecular anion is a specific proximity effect, involving the oxygen of the nitro group and the hydrogen of the amide moiety. The losses of NO· from variously substituted nitrobenzenes are considered in depth and it is suggested that the nitro→ nitrite rearrangement is a radical reaction. Negative-ion mass spectrometry may be used for the structure determination of sulphonamides and nitrophenylhydrazones.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The methylene groups in 2-(1-azulyl)ethyl tosylate are largely scrambled prior to formation of fragment ions in the mass spectrometer. This process also occurs in the 3-nitro analog, where it is dependent on sample residence time in the source and independent of electron energy. It could not be observed with the isomeric 6-substituted tosylates, the 1-substituted acetates or alcohols, or with 2-(p-anisyl)ethyl tosylate. Scrambling occurs in the neutral molecule prior to ionization and a mechanism involving absorption onto the metal surface and formation of a complexed ethylenazulonium ion is suggested.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 763-775 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectral fragmentation patterns of 1,3-oxathiane and several of its alkyl derivatives have been recorded. Of the nine possible modes of ring cleavage yielding fragments containing two to four atoms, only six modes were actually observed and, moreover, two of them clearly predominated. The modes of fragmentation of 1,3-oxathianes differ from those of 1,3-dioxanes, but resemble closely those observed for 1,3-oxathiolanes when the different ring sizes are taken into account.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Requirements for trimethylsilyloxy group interaction and rearrangement are discussed. It is evident that formation of the m/e 147 ion is a function of the stereochemistry, steric hindrance and separation of the trimethylsilyloxy groups and reflects the stereochemistry of the steroid itself. It is postulated that ring cleavage is not necessarily a prerequisite for the formation of this ion. The occurrence of the m/e 147 ion can be structurally informative in trimethylsilyl derivatives of steroidal alcohols.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 801-815 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A calculation method has been developed to enhance the effect of deuterium labeling in the mass spectra of linear vicinal dideuterioalkanes (LVDA). Individual LVDA can be identified from these enhanced spectra. Single carbon-number mixtures of LVD nonanes and LVD decanes have been analyzed successfully using matrices derived from spectra of standards. In addition, enhanced mass spectra have been predicted for all of the LVD heptadecanes and LVD nonadecanes. Matrices have been constructed from the predicted spectra, and preliminary tests of these matrices have been conducted. All identifications and analytical results on the LVDA studied can be used to identify the precursor olefins.
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The molecular ions generated by electron-impact from olefins of the general structure I, II and III fragment mainly via the McLafferty rearrangement. Even under mild ionization conditions, however, they undergo isomerization before fragmentation takes place.The origin and mode of formation of an ion generated simultaneously by decay of the molecular ion and the McLafferty ion were investigated by means of 13C- and D-labelling.The influence of branching at the γ-, ω-, or ∊-positions of the double bond in type I-olefins was studied.
    Notes: Bei Olefinen der allgemeinen Struktur I, II und III erleidet das unter Elektronenbeschuss erzeugte Molekülion neben der als Hauptreaktion ablaufenden McLafferty-Umlagerung auch bei milden Anregungsbedingungen eine vor der Fragmentierung eintretende Isomerisierung.Es wurde versucht, Herkunft und Entstehungsweg eines sowohl beim Abbau des Molekülions als auch des McLafferty-Ions gebildeten gemeinsamen Bruchstückes mit Hilfe von 13C- und D-Markierung zu klären.Der Einfluss einer Verzweigungstelle in γ-, ω- oder ∊-Position zur Doppelbindung bei Olefinen vom Typ I auf deren Verhalten im Massenspektrometer wurde untersucht.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 839-844 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The molecular ionisation and appearance potentials of several ions have been determined for the two cis and trans 1-2 dimethylcyclohexanes using the Energy Distribution Difference (EDD) technique. The differences between the ionization efficiency curves for the ions [M - CH3]+. and [M - 2CH3]+. tend to prove that the rearrangements give rise to cyclobutenic ions.
    Notes: Les potentiels d'ionisation et d'apparition de différents ions ont été mesurés pour les deux composés cis et trans 1-2 diméthylcyclohexanes par la méthode EDD. Les différences notées dans les courbes d'ionisation différentielle des ions [M - CH3]+. et [M - 2CH3]+. nous conduisent à admettre une réorganisation donnant naissance à des ions cyclobuteniques.
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  • 67
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 68
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: In connection with work on computerized mass spectral interpretation of organic com-pounds, the behavior of three groups of unsaturated ethers was examined: allylic, substituted allylic and unsaturated ethers with 2 or 3 methylene groups between the oxygen atom and the double bond. A total of 36 compounds (11 labelled) were prepared and mechanistic rationalizations presented. The allylic ethers isomerized to vinylic ethers after ionization. No double bond migration was observed, however, before or after electron-impact of allylic and homoallylic ethers or ethers with 3 methylene groups between the oxygen atom and the double bond. The allylic ethers with seven carbon atoms in the saturated chain lost a saturated alcohol molecule [R' + C3H6OH] by a uni-directional quadruple hydrogen transfer prior to fragmentation.
    Notes: En liaison avec I'accumulation de données pour I'interprétation automatique des spectres de masse des composés organiques le comportement des éthers insaturés est examiné. Trois groupes ont été étudiés: allylique, allylique substitué et éthers possédant 2 ou 3 groupes méthylènes entre la double liaison et I'atome d'oxygène. Un total de 36 composés dont 11 dérivés deutériés ont été préparés et leurs principales voies de dégradation rationalisées. I1 est montré que les éthers allyliques s'isomérisent aprés l'ionisation en éthers vinyliques, alors qu'aucune migration de la double liaison soit avant soit après l'impact électronique n'est observée entre les éthers allyliques, homoallyliques et ceux ayant 3 groupes méthylènes entre la double liaison et I'atome d'oxygène. Quand la chaîne saturée a au moins sept atomes de carbone les éthers allyliques expulsent une molécule d'alcool saturé [R' + C3H6OH] faisant intervenir un quadruple transfert d'hydrogène avant la fragmentation.
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ion kinetic energy (IKE) spectra of nonan-4-one, 7,7-d2-nonan-4-one and 1,1,1-d3-nonan-4-one have been recorded and interpreted. The various fragmentations observed in the IKE spectra have been confirmed and some new fragmentations found by carrying out high voltage scans with the magnetic field set successively to collect ions at each mass to charge ratio throughout the mass spectrum. Several new fragmentation modes have been discovered, and their significance is discussed.
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  • 70
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 939-944 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of the tris(dimethylamino)arsine metal carbonyl complexes [(CH3)2N]3-AsM(CO)5 (M = Cr, Mo and W), trans-[(CH3)2N]3AsCr(CO)4As[N(CH3)2]3 and [(CH3)2N]3-AsFe(CO)4 were examined and compared with those of the corresponding tris(dimethylamino)-phosphine complexes. The molecular ions in the mass spectra of the tris(dimethylamino)arsine complexes have a greater tendency to eliminate a (CH3)2N fragment than the molecular ions in the mass spectra of the corresponding tris(dimethylamino)phosphine complexes. The mass spectrum of the tungsten derivative [(CH3)2N]3AsW(CO)5 exhibits not only the usual series of ions [(CH3)2N]3-AsW(CO)n+ and [(CH3)2N]2AsW(CO)n[+ but also the series of ions (CH3)2NAsW(CO)n]+ (n = 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 and 0) and even the nitrogen-free ions [AsW(CO)n]+ (n = 2, 1 and 0). Metastable ion evidence was obtained for arsine (AsH3) elimination from the [(CH3)2N]2AsFeH+ ion in the mass spectrum of [(CH3)2N]3AsFe(CO)4.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 935-938 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of N-iminopyridinium betaines, which have been generated within the ion source by pyrolysis of the corresponding hydrochlorides, have been compared with those of pyridine N-oxides.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 953-957 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Negative ion mass spectra are reported for the compounds (CF3CO)2O, (C2F5CO)2O, (C3F7CO)2O, C3F7C(F)(CF3)2, n-C6F14, CF3COCL, (CF3)2CO, BF3, N2F4 and SiF4.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 945-951 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The molecular anions of nitrobenzenes containing an electron-withdrawing substituent eliminate NO· via a skeletal rearrangement process in the order ortho 〉 para 〉 meta. An ortho substituted nitrobenzene may eliminate a neutral molecule after the loss of NO· Hydrogen-rearrange-ment processes, hydrogen-scrambling processes, and unusual concerted eliminations are noted in certain spectra. Isomeric nitrobenzenes are generally more readily differentiated by negative-ion than positive-ion mass spectrometry.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 959-966 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of 2-methoxy-3-methylpyrazine (I), 2-methoxy-6-methylpyrazine (II), 2-methylthio-3-methylpyrazine (III) and 2-methylthio-6-methylpyrazine (IV), are given and the major fragmentation pathways discussed. The novel loss of H2O from the molecular ion of I and the corresponding loss of H2S from the molecular ion of III indicate that a skeletal rearrangement takes place in the molecular ion preceding the expulsion of H2O and H2S. Proposed mechanisms for this behavior are discussed with evidence being drawn from accurate mass measurement, metastable ions, and deuterium and carbon-13 labeling of the methoxy group. The absence of ions in the spectra of II and IV corresponding to the loss of H2O and H2S from these molecular ions clearly indicates that the position of the methyl group with respect to the methoxy group, or the methylthio group is in-timately involved in this mechanism.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 977-982 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of isopropyl 2-hydroxychlorocarbanilate indicate a preferential ortho intramolecular rearrangement which yields a chloro 2-benzoxazolinone intermediate ion. A com-parison of the fragmentation of ortho, meta and para hydroxy analogs of isopropyl 3-chlorohydroxy-carbanilate indicates the existence of an ‘ortho effect’ during the fragmentation of isopropyl-chloro 2-hydroxycarbanilates.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 967-975 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of alkylphenylketones has been examined. Whenever the alkyl chain is three or more carbon atoms long, the well-known McLafferty rearrangement occurs with elimination of the elements of a neutral olefin. The further fragmentation of the ion formed in this rearrangement reaction has been studied using the technique of ion kinetic energy (IKE) spectroscopy. The measured release of kinetic energy has been used to show that the rearrangement ion has an enolic type structure.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 993-1002 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of pteridin-4(3H)-one and all its mono-, di- and tri-C-methyl derivatives are recorded. Spectra of 3-methoxypteridin-4(3H)-one and four of its mono- and dimethyl derivatives are also recorded.Pteridin-4(3H)-one fragments mainly by loss of CO and HCN in either order. Methyl substitution in the pyrazine ring leads to that ring fragmenting in preference to the oxygen bearing pyrimidine ring. Elucidation of fragmentation pathways was facilitated by changes in peak positions with changing methyl substitution patterns.3-Methoxypteridin-4(3H)-ones fragment mainly through initial loss of CH2O, but the ions so produced break down differently from isomeric molecular ions of pteridin-4(3H)-ones. Several fragmentation pathways are discussed.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 983-991 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mass analysis of mono- and oligosaccharides was carried out by the field ionization (FI) method. Unsubstituted monosaccharides exhibit an intense peak at [M + 1]+ in the FI spectra, but are not so suited to structural analysis because of their thermal instability. Permethylation is the most suitable method of obtaining good FI mass spectra of oligosaccharides. Permethylated disaccharides which are linked via C-1 - C-4 or C-1 - C-6, respectively, exhibited characteristic differences in the fragment ion intensities. It is not possible, however, to derive all of the different modes of linkage from the FI mass spectrum of permethylated raffinose. The field desorption method is more suitable for further studies of thermally instable compounds than the method of sample evaporation from an oven with subsequent field ionization.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der Feldionisation wurde die Massenanalyse von Mono- und Oligosacchariden durchgeführt. Die FI-SpektrenFI wird als Abkürzung für Feldionisation und ES für Elektronenstoß-Ionisation benutzt.unsubstituierter Monosaccharide zeigtren zwar alle einen intensiven Peak auf der MZ [M + 1], eignen sich aber wegen der thermischen Labilität nur schlecht für Strukturanalysen. Im Hinblick auf Oligosaccharide ist eine Permethylierung für die Aufnahme von FI-Massenspektren vorteilhaft. Permethylierte Disaccharide, die über C-1 - C-4 bzw. über C-1 - C-6 verknüpft sind, zeigten charakteristische Unterschiede in den Fragment-Ionenintensitäten. Dagegen lassen sich aus dem FI-Spektrum der permethylierten Raffinose nicht alle Verknüpfungsarten entnehmen. Für zukünftige Untersuchungen thermisch labiler Substanzen eignet sich die Felddesorptionsmethode besser als die Methode der Probenverdampfung aus einem Ofen mit anschließender Feldionisation.
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of several types of carbonyl derivatives of isatin have been examined and the fragmentation pathways have been studied. There are many differences from previously reported data on similar derivatives of less complex carbonyl compounds and several rearrangement processes have been shown to be involved in the cleavage reactions. Some interesting examples of ‘ortho-effects’ have also come to light as a result of this investigation.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1025-1026 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: By treatment of a rhenium cathode with volatile organometallic thorium compounds such as Th(C5H5)4 the emission characteristics are notably improved. One can work at reduced cathode heating currents and therefore at lower ion source temperatures. This effect is maintained for several weeks or months.
    Notes: Durch Einwirkung flüchtiger metallorganischer Thorium-Verbindungen, z.B. Th(C5H5)4, auf Rhenium-Kathoden werden deren Emissionseigenschaften wesentlich verbessert. Es kann bei reduziertem Kathodenheizstrom und dadurch bei tieferen Ionenquellentemperaturen gearbeitet werden. Der Effekt hält über mehrere Wochen oder Monate an.
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  • 81
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The occurrence of ‘metastable’ ions formed in the ion source as one species decays to a lower mass ion prior to mass analysis provides direct evidence for dissociation mechanisms in organic mass spectra. Both unimolecular and collision-induced decay processes provide useful information on available dissociation pathways, ion structures, and energetics. In double-focusing mass spectrom-eters the existence of two field-free regions presents a convenient vehicle for studying these processes and for obtaining kinetic information on consecutive metastables through simple modification in circuitry and operating conditions. These modifications are described and the method is used to demonstrate consecutive metastable decay processes in acetyl acetone, 1-butene, toluene and alumin-um hexafluoroacetylacetonate. Drift tube pressure studies showed that, within experimental error, consecutive metastables observed in acetyl acetone and 1-butene were collision-induced, while toluene and the aluminum chelate both exhibit two-step unimolecular decays.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1015-1017 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The mass spectrometric study of three types of bridged biphenyls shows that these substances follow similar fragmentations in their electron-impact induced cracking patterns. Nevertheless, intensity variations suggest that the bridge elements influence the kinetics of some step by step mechanisms.
    Notes: L'étude par spectrométrie de masse de trois types de biphényles montre que ces produits se dégradent de façon similaire. Néanmoins, des variations d'intensité suggèrent que la nature du pont influence les cinétiques de plusieurs mécanismes en cascade.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1027-1027 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1027-1027 
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1028-1028 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971) 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of quinuclidone-3, benzquinuclidone-3, 2-azaquinuclidone-3, 2-azabenzquinuclidone-3 and some of their functional substituted derivatives have been investigated. Fragmentation of the compounds investigated has been shown to proceed through the open form of the molecular ion with cleavage of a bridgehead bond containing the carbonyl group and subsequent elimination of carbon monoxide.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1049-1054 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of 1,2-cycloaddition products obtained from the benzophenone photosensitized irradiation of 2,3-dimethyl maleic and citraconic anhydride in several thiophen derivatives are prsented and discussed.
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of polyenic compounds of the type RC6H4(CH=CH)nCOPh, n=1, R=H,p-NMe2,p-OH,p-OMe,p-Cl,p-Br,p-NO2,m-NO2; n=2, R=H, p-NMe2, p-OMe,p-Cl,p-Br, p-NO2; n = 3, R = H, p-OMe,p-Cl, p-Br,p-No2 have been measured. The ratio of the intensities of the common ion PhCO (m/e 105) to the intensities of the molecular ions for these series is correlated with the Hammett-Brown equation with reaction constants p = 0.73 (when n = 1), 0.25 (when n =2), 0.11 (when n = 3). The transmission coefficients were calculated as π'=0.72,0.25 and 0.11 respectively [assuming p=1.01 for benzophenone series-see M. M. Bursey and F. W. McLafferty, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89, 1 (1967)]. The contributions of the inductive mesomeric direct polar conjugation and non-additive interaction were calculated in accordance with the equation log Z/Z0= ρIσI + ρc+σc+ + ρI, cσIσc+. It was found that the inductive influence as well as the mesomeric influence of substituents decreases rapidly with the increase in the number of double bonds in the chain. The direct polar effect has a very small value in all series for all substituents with the exeption of NMe2. Non-additive interaction effects are large. They probably express the general influence of RC6H4(CH=CH)n on COPh.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1081-1084 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A complex rearrangement on electron-impact for β-aroyl-α-methylpropionic acids, involving both hydrogen and hydroxy migration followed by loss of carbon monoxide and allyl radical, is described and discussed. The rearrangement process, resulting in an ion [ArCOOH2]+, is favoured by electron-withdrawing substituents in the aromatic ring.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1073-1079 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mass spectra of mono-n-alkyl substituted acetylenes of type 1 containing at least 7 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, R, are characterized by key fragments of mass 82 and 96 which decompose by loss of a methyl radical. Spectra of di-n-alkyl substituted acetylenes of type 2 show these key fragments shifted by an appropriate mass number. These ions suffer further decomposition by loss of a C5H10 particle of mass 70. In addition key fragments of mass 67, 81, 82 and 95, 96 are again observed.
    Notes: Massenspektren mono-n-alkyl-substituierter Acetylene vom Typ 1, die zumindest 7 Kohlenstoffatome in gerader Kette des Restes R enthalten, sind durch Schlüsselbruchstücke der Masse 82 und 96 gekennzeichnet. Sie zerfallen weiter unter Verlust eines Methylradikals. In den Spektren di-n-alkyl-substituierter Acetylene sind diese Schliiüsselbruchstücke urn eine entsprechende Zahl von Masseneinheiten verschoben. Sie werden unter Eliminierung von C5H10 Teilchen weiter abgebaut. Daneben entstehen auch aus di-n-alkyl-substituierten Acetylenverbindungen Schlüsselbruchstücke der Masse 67, 81, 82 und 95,96.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1055-1072 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectral fragmentations of three spiro-undecanones and four dispiro-hexadecanones with six-membered rings, and of two spiro-nonanones with five-membered rings are recorded and discussed. The fragmentation patterns for the spiro[4,4]nonanones and the spiro[5,5]undecanones have been determined by using specific deuterium labelling and in some cases the measurement of metastable transitions by the defocusing technique. The most important fragment ions in the spectra of four dispiro-hexadecanones could be explained by assuming the same types of fragmentation as found for the monospiro-ketones. The composition of the fragment ions has been checked by high resolution mass measurements.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1085-1092 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of monocyclic 1,2,4-triazines and 1,2,4-triazines fused to a pyrazole ring through a bridgehead nitrogen have been investigated: fragmentation pathways were elucidated by the use of metastable ions and high resolution mass measurements. The spectra of the monocyclic 1,2,4-triazines indicate that loss of nitrogen from the molecular ions is a relatively unimportant feature. The decomposition modes of the bicyclic pyrazolo[3,2-c]-as-triazines are sensitive to the nature of the substituent in the triazine ring.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1093-1099 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of a series of meta- and para-substituted phenyl acetates have been examined. Substituent effects have been correlated with Δ (AP-IP) values and by using the Harrison and Chin approach. The bond-cleavage and rearrangement reactions of phenyl accetates are compared with the corresponding reactions of acetanilides and the differences attributed to the degree of transmission of polar effects in the two systems.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 95
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1101-1105 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of deuterated pyrazoles show that loss of H. and of HCN from the molecular ion occurs with a very high specificity from the 3(5)-position. For the two processes isotope effects and preference factors have been determined. Metastable ion decompositions involving the loss of HCN from the [M - H] -fragment indicate that the identity of the hydrogen atoms in this fragment is lost to a large extent.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 96
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1113-1117 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of ten, structurally related, neuroleptics (major tranquilisers) are presented and their fragmentation patterns are discussed. The relevance of these findings to current biochemical work is indicated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 97
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1123-1125 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 98
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1127-1129 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the mass spectra of several transition metal chelates with diethyldithiocarbamate as a ligand, intense peaks are present which could be assigned to extraneous metal (particularly nickel) containing ions. Using an Au-Rh coated ion source, evidence was obtained for the occurrence of exchange reactions in the region of the filament assembly.
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  • 99
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1189-1196 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of a series of substituted indolosteroids have been obtained. With one or two exceptions these are some value in structural analysis; the N-benzyl compounds are exceptional in this. One interesting observation is that substituents such as the oximino- or nitro-groups only have a marginal effect upon the fragmentation-pattern except on the masses of the various fragment ions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 100
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1169-1178 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The main fragmentation of the compounds MX3-noxn (oxH=8-quinolinol. n = 3; M=AL, Ga, In, Sc, Cr or Fe. n = 2; M=In or Fe; X=Cl or Br. InIox2. n = 1; M=AL, In or Fe; X= Cl or Br) involves loss of X and intact ox. radicals. The comparative abundances of the fragments are primarily related to the common oxidation states of the metals. For example, all the Mox3 compounds show the ions [Mox3]+ and [Mox2]+. The ions [Mox]+ and [M]+ are present when M=Ga, In, Cr or Fe but for the elements with only one oxidation state (Al or Sc) [M]+ is absent and [Mox]+ has only very low abundance. When M= Cr or Fe metal-containing ions arising from loss of species such as CO, H2O, HX, C2H2, H and OH by fragmentation of the ox ligand are also present; this behaviour is rationalised in terms of the ability of these metals to undergo a unit change in oxidation state. When n=1 the ions [MXox2]+ and [Mox2]+ and when n= 2 the ions [MX2ox]+ and [Mox3]+ are present; these ions arise by ionization and fragmentation of species formed by redistribution reactions in the mass spectrometer.
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