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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (1,470)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (835)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969  (2,512)
  • 1966  (2,512)
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  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969  (2,512)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 1011-1011 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 1010-1011 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. XXXVII 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 1027-1033 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The corrosion behaviour of the nickel-based alloy Inconel 625Due to its high resistance to corrosion by reactor coolants, water vapour and liquid sodium, the new high-temperature resistant nickel alloy Inconel 625 is well suited as fuel cladding material for a reactor of high energy density. Up to above 800° C, the scaling resistance in air is good. In electrolyte solutions, the general corrosion under conditions where a passivation layer cannot be formed or maintained is relatively slow. In accordance with expectations, Inconel 625 is not subject to intercrystalline corrosion by Strauss solutions even in the thermally sensitized condition, and even the reaction with nitric acid containing CrVI ions is not so much intergranular but superficial. If the material, together with V2A steel, is in contact with liquid sodium of 600° C, it is prone to chemical mass transfer. As a result, there occur precipitations of a new crystalline phase at the grain boundaries of the the Inconel 625 surface.
    Notes: Die neue hochwarmfeste Nickellegierung Inconel 625 ist aufgrund ihrer hohen Resistenz gegen die Korrosion durch die Reaktorkühlmedien Wasserdampf und flüssiges Natrium als Werkstoff fü Brennelementhüllen eines Reaktors hoher Energiedichte geeignet. Bis über 800° C ist die Verzunderungsbeständigkeit an Luft gut. In Elektrolytlösungen tritt unter Bedingungen, in denen sich keine Passivierungsschicht bilden oder erhalten kann, nur relativ langsamer allgemeiner Angriff ein. Erwartungsgemäß wird Incontel 625 auch im thermisch sensibilisierten Zustand von Strauß-Lösung nicht interkristallin angegriffen und auch die Reaktion mit CrVI-Ionen enthaltender Salpetersäure vollzieht sich weniger intergranular als oberflächlich.Steht der Werkstoff mit V2A-Stahl zusammen in Kontakt mit flüssigem Natrium von 600° C, so besteht Anfälligkeit gegen chemischen Massentransport. Als dessen Folge treten Abscheidungen einer neuen kristallisierten Phase auf den Korngrenzen der Oberfläche des Inconel 625 auf.
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  • 5
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 1039-1048 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermodynamical considerations concerning the electrochemical build-up and removal of oxide layers on nobler metalsOn the strength of thermodynamical considerations, the electrochemical behaviour of gold, platinum and palladium has been investigated with the aid of the A/ΔU diagram. The PH relationship of the Flade reference potential was found to be: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ U_{H,\ F,\ K} = U^\circ \ _{H,\ F,\ K} - 0,059\ p_{H.} $\end{document} This corresponds: for Pt = 0.98 V to the removal of PtOfor Au = 1.37 V to the removal of AuOfor Pd = 1.10 V to the removal of PdO2.
    Notes: Auf Grund thermodynamischer Überlegungen wurde das elektrochemische Verhalten von Gold, Platin und Palladium an Hand des A/ΔU-Diagramms untersucht. Die PH-Abhängigkeit der Flade-Bezugsspannung wurde zu UH, F, K = UoH, F, K  -  0,059 PH gefunden. Dies entspricht: für Pt = 0,98 V dem Abbau von PtOfür Au = 1,37 V dem Abbau von AuOfür Pd = 1,10 V dem Abbau von PdO2
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  • 6
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. XXXX 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 57-59 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 66-67 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 89-89 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 89-89 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 11
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 89-89 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 12
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 90-90 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 13
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 90-91 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 14
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 91-95 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 15
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. I 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 16
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 97-103 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Alkali sulphate corrosion in steel recuperators and boiler plantsThe continuously increasing number of cases of corrosion damage to steel recuperators and power station plants, partly due to the tendency towards higher wall temperatures adopted for thermal-economic reasons, has given rise to a detailed evaluation of surveys carried out on 9 recuperators in normal operation and 6 steam boiler plants. First, the typical features of alkali sulphate corrosion caused by the influence of coal and oil ashes are described with the aid of certain specific examples. According to a subsequent synoptic survey, all the cases of corrosion damage investigated have the following common features: 1Concentration of elements with low melting point, especially alkalis and sulphur, in the corrosive deposits in pipes.2Acid reaction of the aquaeous extract with a mean pH value of 3.4 which suggests the formation of ironalkali double sulphate.3Softening temperatures of the deposits within the range of the working temperatures.4Formation of iron sulphide on the boundary surface between metal and deposit.These observed features of alkali sulphate corrosion can be attributed to a reaction mechanism which has already been repeatedly referred to in the technical literature, according to which molten complex sulphates react with the metallic iron, forming iron oxide and iron sulphide.
    Notes: Die ständig zahlreicher werdenden Korrosionsschäden in Stahlrekuperatoren und Kraftwerksanlagen, die mit wärmewirtschaftlich bedingtem Streben zu höheren Wandtemperaturen zusammenhängen, waren der Anlaß zu einer zusammenfassenden Auswertung von Untersuchungen aus 9 betriebsbeanspruchten Rekuperatoren und 6 Dampfkesselanlagen. An Einzelbeispielen werden zunächst die typischen Merkmale der auftretenden Alkalisulfatkorrosion, die durch die Einwirkung von Kohle- und Ölasche ausgelöst wird, beschrieben. Nach anschließenden zusammenfassenden Auswertung sind als gemeinsame Merkmale aller untersuchten Korrosionsfälle zu nennen: 1Anreicherung tiefschmelzender Elemente, vornehmlich Alkalien und Schwefel, in den korrosiven Rohrbelägen.2Saure Reaktion des wäßrigen Auszuges mit einem mittleren PH-Wert von 3,4, der auf die Bildung von Eisen-Alkali-Dopplsulfiten schließen läßt.3Erweichungstemperaturen der Beläge im Bereich der Betriebstemperaturen.4Eisensulfidbildung an der Grenzfläche Metall-Belag.Die beobachteten Merkmale der Alkalisulfatkorrosion lassen sich einem in der Literatur bereits mehrfach genannten Reaktionsmechanismus zuordnen, nach dem geschmolzene komplexe Sulfate mit dem metallischen Eisen unter Bildung von Eisenoxyd und Eisensulfid reagieren.
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  • 17
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 110-119 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Research on intercrystalline grain boundary corrosion of austenitic manganesechrome steels caused by water and aqueous salt solutionsStressed bar specimens of welded and tempered austenitic manganesechrome steel such as as X 40 MnCr 18 and X 22 MnCrNi 885, exposed to sea water, tap water or destilled water, are liable to suffer intercrystalline stress corrosion cracking. The occurrence of intercrystalline corrosion is not necessarily dependent on mechanical tensil stress. In particular, even unstressed specimens exposed to tap or distilled water are liable to show marked intercrystalline corrosion. Additional tensile stress merely has the effect of speeding up the inter-crystalline corrosion.The cause for the intercrystalline corrosion must be seen in the segregation of chrome-rich carbids at the grain boundaries and the consequent reduction in the chrome content within the grain boundary zone. It is possible to prove the segregation of a chrome-rich carbide of the structure M7C3 at the grain boundaries of steel X 40 MnCr 18, and the aggregation of a chrome-rich carbide of the structure M23C6 at the grain boundaries of steel X 22 MnCrNi 885.Through contact with zinc, it is possible to obtain a complete corrosion protection with the manganese-chrome steels investigated. A short circuit with passive austenitic chrome-nickel steels increases the general or selective corrosion rate through anodic polarisation. By adding chromate to the sea water, the corrosion rate is retarded. In tap water, an addition of chromate result in complete corrosion protection.
    Notes: Austenitische Mangan-Chrom-Stäble, wie X 40 MnCr 18 und X 22 MnCrNi 885 erleiden im geschweißten und angelassenen Zustand als verspannte Bügelproben in See-, Leitungs- und destilliertem Wasser interkristalline Spannungsrißkorrosion. Mechanische Zugspannung ist für das Auftreten des interkristallinen Angriffs nicht grundsätzlich notwendig. Insbesondere stellt sich in Leitungs- und destilliertem Wasser auch an nicht verspannten angelassenen Proben ausgeprägte interkristalline Korrosion ein. Aufgebrachte Zugspannungen beschleunigen lediglich den interkristallinen Angriff.Als Ursache des interkristallinen Angriffs muß die Ausscheidung von chromischen Carbiden auf den Korngrenzen und die damit verbundene Chromverarmung im Korngrenzenbereich, daß sich im Stahl X 40 MnCr 18 ein chromreiches Carbid der Struktur M7C3 und im Stahl X 22 MnCrNi 885 ein chromreiches Carbid der Struktur M23C6 auf den Korngrenzen ausscheidet.Durch Kontakt mit Zink kann bei den untersuchten Mangan-Chrom-Stählen ein vollständiger Korrosionsschutz erreicht werden. Ein Kurzschluß mit passiven austenitischen Chrom-Nickel-Stäblen erhöht durch anodische Polarisation die allgemeine oder selektive Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit. Durch Zusatz von Chromat zu Seewasser wird der Korrosionsablauf verzögert. In Leitungswasser bewirkt ein Chromatzusatz einen vollständigen Korrosionsschutz.
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  • 18
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 275-275 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 19
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 20
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 299-307 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Selective corrosion at welded assemblies of steelsThe paper deals with the possible selective corrosion phenomena at the most important types of weld assemblies of steels, viz. those of unalloyed ferritic ship building steels, austenitic manganesechromium steals, aluminium-killed boiler steels an well as chemically resistant ferritic and austenitic chrom-nickel steels.With unalloyed ship building steels, a strong corrosion element is liable to occur between not fully descaled plates and scaleless welding material, where the latter is particularly liable to be attacked. But even where scalefree plates are welded, a local element may be set up, depending on the killing intensity and on the filler metals, between plate and welding material in such a way that, again, the welding material is liable to be dissolved first.In the case of austenitic manganese-chromium steels, exposed to sea water, intercrystalline corrosion takes place at a certain distance from the weld as a result of chrome-carbide segregation. In the case of welded assemblies of aluminium-killed steels, intercrystalline fissuration is particularly liable to occure in a more or less marked decarbonised zone at the transition.With ferritic chromium steals and austenitic chrom-nickel steels, the welds are decisively influenced by the segregation of chrome-carbides at the grain boundaries which results in a proneness to intercrystalline grain decomposition. Measures are discussed by which the segregation of chrom-carbides during welding can be avoided. Finally, mention is made of the effect of delta-ferrite on the corrosion behaviour of austenitic welding material.
    Notes: Es werden die möglichen selektiven Korrosionserscheinungen an den wichtigsten Arten von Verbindungsschweißen von Stählen besprochen. Es sind dies die Verbindungsschweißen an unlegierten ferritischen Schiffsbaustählen, an austenitischen Mangan-Chrom-Stählen an aluminiumberuhigten Kesselbaustählen sowie an chemisch beständigen ferritischen und austenitischen Chrom-Nickel-Stählen.An den unlegierten Schiffsbaustählen kann zwischen nicht voll entzunderten Blechen und zunderfreiem Schweißgut ein starkes Korrosionselement mit bevorzugter Abtragung der Schweißnaht auftreten. Aber auch beim Verschweißen von zunderfreien Blechen kann je nach Beruhigungsgrad der Bleche und der Schweißzusatzwerkstoffe eine Lokalelementbildung zwischen Blech und schweißgut in der Art auftreten, daß das Schweißgut bevorzugt aufgelöst wird.An austenitischen Mangan-Chrom-Stählen tritt in einer bestimmten Entfernung von der Schweißnaht infolge Chromcarbid-Ausscheidung interkristalline Korrosion bei Einwirkung von See- wasser auf. An Schweißverbindungen von aluminiumberuhigten Stählen neigt besonders eine mehr oder minder stark ausgeprägte kohlenstoffverarmte Zone am Übergang zur interkristallinen Rißbildung.Bei den ferritischen Chrom- und austenitischen Chrom-Nickel-Stählen spielt beim Schweißen die Ausscheidung von Chromcarbiden auf den Korngrenzen, die zur interkristallinen Kornzerfallanfälligkeit führt, die entscheidende Rolle. Es werden die Maßnahmen besprochen, durch die die Chromcarbidausscheidung beim Schweißen vermieden wird. Schließlich wird noch auf die Auswirkung des Delta-Ferrits in austenitischem Schweißgut auf dessen Korrosionsverhalten eingegangen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 346-346 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 347-347 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Anodic corrosion processes on steels in inert and oxidising atmospheresThe purpose of the investigation here described was to find out to what extent electrochemical techniques lend themselves to the examination of steel corrosion in the presence of molten sulphates and combustion gases. The measured equilibrium potentials of an inert metal electrode are intended to serve for the determination of the redox potential in the salt melt/combustion gases system. If no current is flowing, the stationary potential of a platinum electrode in a sulphate melt at 600° C can be expressed by the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm E} = 0.712 + 0.088\log {\rm PS0}_{\rm 2} \cdot {\rm P0}_{\rm 2} $$\end{document} where E signifies the potential related to the silver/silver sulphate electrode, and pSO2 pO2 the partial pressures (in atmospheres) of the two gases in an inert gas (nitrogen + carbon dioxide). The formula permits the conclusion that the electrode reaction can be expressed by the equilibrium condition .The anode currents set up if the potential of a mild steel or pure iron electrode is kept at the above-mentioned temperature viz. -0.3 V with N2 + CO2 + 5% O2, or + 0.4 V with N2 + CO2 + 0.2% SO2, show that under the test conditions, these metals would be greatly exposed to corrosion. Stainless steels become passive after a few hours although a residual corrosion current at + 0.4 V remains. These observations give rise to the expectation that electro-chemical examinations may well represent a useful means of examining corrosion phenomena caused by molten salts in the presence of combustion gases, so that they merit more detailed investigation.
    Notes: Durch die beschriebene Untersuchung sollten geprüft, wie weit sich elektrochemische Techniken für die Untersuchung der Korrosion von Stahl in Gegenwart von geschmolzenen Sulfaten und von Verbrennungsgasen eignen. Die gemessenen Gleichgewichtpotentiale einer inerten Metallelektrode sollen zur Feststellung des Redox-Potentials im System Salzschmelze/Verbrennungsgase dienen. Das stationäre Potential einer Platinelektrode in einer Sulfatschmelze an 600° C läßt sich - für den Fall, daß kein Strom fließt - darstellen durch die Gleichung \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm E} = 0,712 + 0,088\log {\rm PS0}_{\rm 2} \cdot {\rm P0}_{\rm 2} $$\end{document} wobei E dem Potential, bezogen auf die Silber/Silbersulfat-Elektrode und pSO2 pO2 wie pO2 den Partialdrücken (in at) der beiden Gase in einem Trägergas (Stickstoff + Kohlendioxyd) entsprechen. Die Formel erlaubt den Schluß, daß die Elektrodereaktion durch das Gleichgewicht darstellbar ist.Die Anodenströme, die fließen, wenn das Potential eines Flußstahls oder einer Elektrode aus der oben genannten Temperatur befindlichen Sulfatschmelze konstant gehalten wird (-0,3 V bie N2 + CO2 + 5% O2, bzw. + 0,4 V bei N2 + CO2 + 0,2% SO2), zeigen, daß diese Metalle unter den Bedingungen des Versuches stark angegriffen wurden. Rostfreie Stähle werden nach wenigen Stunden passiv obwohl ein Korrosions-Reststrom bei + 0,4 V verbleibt. Diese Beobachtungen lassen vermuten, daß elektrochemische Untersuchungen ein durchaus nützliches Mittel zur Untersuchungen der Korrosion durch geschmolzene Salze in Gegenwart von Verbrennungsgasen können und daher eingehender untersucht werden sollten.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 230-235 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The destruction of material through cavitation and corrosion in ethylene glycol-water mixesDestruction of structural parts in contact with liquids through cavitation and corrosion is the consequence of complex mechanical and corrosive stresses. In recent years, extensive research at model test beds has yielded information on the stress conditions encountered in waters. It was now intended to ascertain to what extent the destruction of material through cavitation and corrosion in ethylene glycol-water mixes differs from that in waters. For this purpose, tests have been carried out with magnetostrictive oscillators on grey cast iron and copper in water, in ethylene glycol, and in mixes of both liquids; the tests on grey cast iron were extended to solutions with inhibitor additives.It was found that the mechanical stress through cavitation is about the same in the liquids investigated. Certain differences in the destruction rate are mainly due to the high boiling point of ethylene glycol and the corrosion resistance of the material concerned. In aqueous ethylene glycol solutions as well as in water, the damage can be reduced by the addition of corrosion inhibitors.
    Notes: Zerstörungen an flüssigkeitsbenetzten Bauteilen durch Kavitation und Korrosion sind die Folge komplexer mechanischer und korrosiver Beanspruchungen. Im Laufe der letzten Jahre wurden in umfangreichen Untersuchungen and Modellprüfständen Aufschlüsse über die Beanspruchungsverhältnisse in Wässern erarbeitet. Es sollte nun festgestellt werden, inwieweit sich die Werkstoffzerstörung durch Kavitation und Korrosion in Äthylenglykol-Wasser-Gemischen von der in Wässern unterscheidet. Dazu wurden Versuche mit Magnetostriktions-Schwinggeräten an Grauguß und Kupfer in Wasser, in Äthylenglykol und in Gemischen beider Flüssigkeiten vorgenommen, die Versuche mit Grauguß auf Lösungen mit Inhibitor-Zusätzen ausgedehnt.Es stellte sich heraus, daß die mechanische Beanspruchung durch Kavitation in den untersuchten Flüssigkeiten annähernd gleich ist. Unterschiede in der Zerstörungsgeschwindigkeit werden i. w. durch den höheren Siedepunkt des Äthylenglykols und die Korrosionsbeständigkeit des angegriffenen Werkstoffs hervorgerufen. Die Schäden können in wäßrigen Äthylenglykol-Lösungen wie in Wasser durch Korrosionsinhibitoren vermindert werden.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 516-520 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 264-264 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 265-265 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 265-265 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 547-552 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. XXI 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 567-585 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Crystalline corrosion layers and corrosion protection layers on metals, and their relationship to epitaxyOn the strength of investigations, mostly by the authors themselves, the following aspects are reported upon: 1Formation conditions, phase compositions and epitaxy-topotaxy relationships of layers formed by atmospheric corrosion, by the action of industrial air with its variegated agents, by the action of sea water, hot water and hot steam, and by high-temperature corrosion or reaction on the following metals: Fe, Al, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ag, Pb, Nb, Ta, W, Cr, Mo, Ti, U.2Phase composition, growth textures and epitaxy relationships of four technically important groups of corrosion protection layers on metals, viz. browning layers on Fe and on an Fe—Ni alloy; chromating layers on Al; oxalating layers on Fe, Zn, Mg and Al; bonderizing layers on Fe, Zn, Cu, a-brass and Al.These results have made an important contribution to wider knowledge on the nucleation mechanism: “guest phase/carrier surface”, the formation of the first layer, the molecular adhesion “carrier metal/layer phases”, and the mechanism of the growth in layer thickness. From these findings, it was possible to derive a layer growth/time law, distinguishing between “non-layer-forming” and “layer-forming” baths. The epitaxy and seeding relations observed have been tabulated.
    Notes: Auf Grund vielfach eigener Untersuchungen wird berichtet über: 1Bildungsbedingungen, Phasenbestände und Epitaxie-Topotaxie-Beziehungen von Schichten der atmosphärischen Korrosion, des Angriffs durch Industrieluft mit ihren vielfältigen Reagenzien, des Salzwasser-, Heißwasser- und Heißdampfangriffs und der Hochtemperatur-Korrosion bzw. -Reaktion auf den Metallen: Fe, Al, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ag, Pb, Nb, Ta, W, Cr, Mo, Ti, U.2Phasenzusammensetzung, Wachstumstexturen und Epitaxiebeziehungen von vier technisch wichtigen Gruppen von Korrosionsschichten auf Metallen: Brünierungsschichten auf Fe und einer Fe—Ni-Legierung, Chromatierungsschichten auf Fe, Zn, Mn, Mg und Al, Phoshatierungsschichten auf Fe, Zn, Cu, α-Messing und Al.Die vorstehenden Ergebnisse ermöglichten wesentliche neue Erkenntnisse über den Keimbildungsmechanismus „Gastphase/Trägeroberfläche“, die Erstschichtbildung, den molekularen Haftverband „Trägermetalle/Schichtphasen“ und den Mechanismus des Dickenwachstums der Schichten. Hieraus ließ sich ein Zeitgesetz des Schichtwachstums für sog. „nichtschichtbildende“ und für „schichtbildende“ Bäder ableiten. Die beobachteten Epitaxie- und Impfbeziehungen werden tabellarisch zusammengestellt.
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    Description / Table of Contents: Research into special cases of stress corrosion with homogeneous, non-over-saturated mixed crystals, and of the electro-chemical processes associated with it. Part III. The sensitivity to stress corrosion of brass containing gold, compared with Cu—Au alloys, and the determination of thier activation energiesIf a small amount of a noble metal, e.g. gold, is added to brass, the latter becomes sensitive to stress corrosion when exposed to any corrosive agents not leading to complex compounding, whilst normal brass is of course only liable to undergo stress corrosion proneness is due to the fact that cathodic zones of gold may be set up so that the electro-chemical process required for stress corrosion may now also be initiated by agents free from ammonia.By using brass containing gold, and agents free ammonia, it was found possible to carry out a separate investigation into the effects of the mixed crystals and of the electro-chemical process, respectively. It was also possible to determine the duration of the incubation and stress corrosion phase and, for certain alloys, also the activation energy of the stress corrosion process as a function of the mixed crystal concentration. The latter is, with high mixed crystal concentrations, generally determined by the activation energy of the atoms encountered in fluid crystal domains.
    Notes: Messing wird durch geringen Zusatz eines Edelmetalls, z.B. Gold, gegenüber allen angreifenden, nicht komplex bindenden Agenzien spannungskorrosionsempfindlich während gewöhnliches Messing bekanntlich nur bei Einwirkung ammoniakhaltiger Agenzien spannungskorrodiert. Diese allgemeine Spannungskorrosionsempfindlichkeit wird dadurch verursacht, daß sich die kathodischen Bereiche aus Gold bilden können und der zur Auslösung von Spannungskorrosion nötige elektrochemische Prozeß nunmehr auch bei ammoniakfreien Agenzien zustande kommen kann.Durch Verwendung goldhaltigen Messings und ammoniakfreier Agenzien konnten die Wirkungen der Mischkristalleffekte und des elektrochemischen Prozesses getrennt untersucht werden. Ferner wurden die Dauer der Inkubations- und Spannungskorrosionphase und bei einigen Legierungen auch die Aktivierungsenergie des Spannungskorrosionsprozesses in Abhängigkeit von der Mischkristallkonzentration bestimmt. Letztere wird bei hohen Mischkristallkonzentration im wesentlichen durch die Aktivierungsenergie der in fließenden Kristallbereichen befindlichen Atome bestimmt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 611-613 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 643-643 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 648-648 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 654-655 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Sulphide as a corrosion product on steelsThe initial stage of the corrosion of steals is characterized by the formation of sulphides of the Pentlandite type Me9S8 (Me: Ni, Fe, Co), which correspond to the meta-rich Berthollide compounds. It is of importance here that there exists a “lattice fit” between the (100) plane of these sulphides and that of the substrate.
    Notes: Die Anfangsstufe der Korrosion von Stählen ist gekennzeichnet durch die Bildung des Sulfides von Pentalandit [Gittertyp Me9S8 (Me: Ni, Fe, Co)], und zwar eines metallreichen Berthollides. Dabei handelt es sich insbesondere darum, daß zwischen der (100)-Ebene diese Sulfides und der der Unterlage „Gitteranpassung (Lattice Fit)“ entsteht.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 669-675 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: The active and passive molybdenum electrode in acid solutionIt follows from the anodic and cathodic thermodynamic polarization curves in the system molybdenum/aqueous solution (pH 0 to 10) that the favourable behaviour of molybdenum in acid solutions is determined by the extension of the immunity region becomes smaller, but without simultaneous passivation of molybdenum; this fact explains the active behaviour of molybdenum in alcaline solution.The passivation of molybdenum starts as soon as the half cell reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ Mo + 4\ H_2 O \to MoO_4 + 8\ H^ + + 8e $$\end{document} sets in, where \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ U_H = 0,394\ V. $$\end{document} The pH-dependence of the cathodic passivation potential in acid solutions follows the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ U_{H,\ F,\ k} = 0,394 - 0,0591\ p_H $$\end{document}
    Notes: Aus anodischen und kathodischen thermodynamischen Polarisationskurven am Stoffsystem Mo/wäßrige Lösung (PH 0 bis 10) ergeben, daß das günstigste Verhalten des Molybdäns in sauren Lösungen durch die Größe des Immunitäts-Gebietes bestimmt ist. Mit zunehmendem pH-Wert kommt es zur Verringerung des Immunitäts-Gebietes, die aber von keiner erkennbaren anodischen Passivierung des Molybdäns begleitet ist, wodurch zugleich das aktive Verhalten des Molybdäns in alkalischen Lösungen erklärt ist.Die Passivierung des Molybdäns setzt mit dem Beginn der Halbzellenreaktion ein \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ Mo + 4\ H_2 O \to MoO_4 + 8\ H^ + + 8e; $$\end{document} \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ U_H = 0,394\ V. $$\end{document} Die pH-Abhängigkeit der kathodischen Passivierungsspannung in sauren Lösungen folgt der Beziehung \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ U_{H,\ F,\ k} = 0,394 - 0,0591\ p_H. $$\end{document}
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. XVIII 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 459-460 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Research into special cases of stress corrosion with homogeneous, non-over-saturated mixed crystals, and of the electro-chemical processes associated with it. Part II. Further research into the stress corrosion of brassStress corrosion in brass is caused not only by basic agents which though free from ammonia, contain Cu++ ions; the effect of these agents, however, is less marked. These agents contain, as a reaction product, Cu2O which forms the cathodic zone required for the setting up of a marked electro-chemical process in the fissures and cracks and which, in contrast to CuO, is resistant even in acid solutions up to a pH value of approx. 2.With Ms 70 and 63, the crack pattern is mainly transcrystalline, with peculiarly ramified and extended cracks. This is explained by the fact that Cu2O occurs in isolated un-linked crystals and therefore does not form a uniform cover of the walls of the cracks. The walls are therefore exposed to intensified local corrosion which leads to ramifications of the cracks.
    Notes: Außer durch ammoniakhaltige basische Agenzien wird auch durch saure ammoniakfreie, jedoch Cu++-Ionen enthaltende Agenzien bei Messing Spannungskorrosion ausgelöst, allerdings in geringerem Maße. In diesen Agenzien entsteht als Reaktionsprodukt Cu2O, das die für das Auftreten eines ausgeprägten elektrochemischen Prozesses in den Spalten und Rissen nötigen kathodischen Bereiche bildet und, im Gegensatz zu CuO, auch in sauren Lösungen bis zu einem pH von etwa 2 beständig ist.Der Rißverlauf ist bei Ms 70 und 63 bevorzugt transkristallin, die Rißbildung eigentümlich verzweigt und verbreitert. Dies wird damit erklärt, daß das Cu2O in einzelnen unzusammenhängenden Kristallen auftritt und daher die Rißwände nicht gleichmäßig bedeckt. Dadurch werden diese örtlich stärker angegriffen, wodurch es zu Verzweigungen der Risse kommt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 510-515 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 534-546 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 875-887 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 766-766 
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    Notes: Zinc formiate dihydrate as the corrosion product on zinc in contact with phenol formaldehyde resins
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 661-665 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion elements set up by structure heterogeneity in stainless chromium-nickel steelsTransformation processes and precipitation of carbides could be the reason for corrosion elements in austenitic stainless steels. Examples are the intergranular corrosion and the selective martensite corrosion. The intergranular corrosion is based on a change of the electrochemical properties of the grain boundary regions by impoverishment of chromium. This “classical intergranular corrosion” takes place at all potentials. Resulting from the impoverishment of chromium after colling to very low temperatures, or by cold deformation, an α′-phase can be produced. This phase is only attacked in the active region of the current density-potential-curve. Both the intergranular corrosion and the corrosion of martensite are caused by local anodes. A selective attack of grain boundaries is also observed in the transpassive region. The intensity of this attack increase with precipitation of carbides. During the sensitivisation cathodes are produced, which cause a polarisation in the intergranular corrosive regions. Therefore, this attack of grain boundaries is not only connected with the formation of local anodes but also influenced by the formation of local cathodes.
    Notes: Umwandlungs- und Ausscheidungsvorgänge in austenitischen Chrom-Nickel-Stählen können Ursache für die Ausbildung von Korrosionselementen sein. Beispiele sind die interkristalline Korrosion und die selektive Martensitkorrosion. Die interkristalline Korrosion beruht auf einer Änderung der elektrochemischen Eigenschaften korngrenzennaher Bereiche durch Chromverarmung. Dieser „Klassische Kornzerfall“ findet in mehr oder weniger starkem Ausmaß bei allen Potentialen statt. In austenitischen Chrom-Nickel-Stählen kann als Folge der Chromverarmung, durch Abkühlen auf tiefe Temperaturen oder durch Kaltverformung eine kubisch raumzentrierte α′-Phase (Martensit) gebildet werden. Diese erfährt lediglich bei Potentialen, die der ansteigenden Stromdichte-Potential-Kurve im Aktivbereich zugeordnet sind, eine selektive Korrosion. Sowohl bei der interkristallinen Korrosion als auch bei der selektiven Marrensit-Korrosion werden Lokalanoden gelöst. Im Transpassivzustand tritt auch bei lösungsgeglühten Proben bevorzugter Korngrenzenangriff auf. Dieser Angriff wird durch Carbidausscheidungen verstärkt. Mit der Ausscheidungsglühung werden gleichzeitig Kathoden gebildet, die bei der Korrosion in Redoxsystemen, z. B. Werkstoffe und Korrosion Huey-Test eine Polarisation in den Kornzerfallsbereichen bewirken. In diesem Falle sind also nicht notwendig Lokalanoden, sondern indirekt auch Lokalkathoden für einen Korngrenzenangriff verantwortlich.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 694-697 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 693-693 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 704-711 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 717-721 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 908-915 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 931-933 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 934-935 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. XXXIV 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 938-943 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Electron-optical and radiographical examination of a protective iron phosphate layer on ironThe protective effect of a novel anticorrosive containing phosphoric acid has been examined for its dependence on mineralogical conditions. The base material contains, intro alia, phosphoric acid, potash mica, organic wetting agents and dyeing agents. Vivianite formation has been precluded by radiographic comparison with natural vivianite and with data quited in technical literature. The scraped protective layer was found to contain, apart from muscovite and α iron, dendritic formations which were observed under the electron microscope and identified, from their diffraction interferences, as cubic form of the potassium iron (III) phosphate leucophosphite \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ KFe_2 [OH(PO_4)_2] \cdot 2\ H_2 O. $\end{document} KFe2[OH(PO4)2] · 2 H2O. Precision zone diffraction diagrams of individual dendrites showed ao = 7.75 ± 0.05 Å and the transmission directions [100]X [010]X [202]X, identical to those observed with natural pharmacosiderite, an iron arsenate corresponding to leucophosphite. Natural and synthetic leucophosphite are monoclinic; if Fe3+ is replaced by Al3+, and (PO4)3- by (AsO4)3-, a cubic alumopharmacosiderite is formed. The formation is thereofore interpreted as a cubic modification of leucophosphite, corresponding to pharmacosideriote. A structure comparison shows the epitactic growth of the leucophosphite with [110] and [333] on α iron [100] and [111]. The presence of leucophosphite directly on the iron surface is proved by electron diffraction with grazing incidence of the electron ray.
    Notes: Die Schutzwirkung eines neuartigen phosphorsäurehaltigen Rostschutzmittels wird auf seine mineralogischen Voraussetzungen hin untersucht. Im Ausgangsmaterial befinden sich u. a. Phosphorsäure, Kaliglimmer, organische Netzmittel sowie Farbträger. Eine Bildung von Vivianit wird durch röntgenographischen Vergleich mit natürlichem Vivianit und mit Literaturangaben ausgeschlossen. In der abgeschabten Schutzschicht werden neben Muskovit und α-Eisen elektronenmikroskopisch dendritische Neubildungen beobachtet, die auf Grund ihrer Beugungsinterferenzen als kubische Form des Kalium-Eisen(III)-Phosphat Leukophosphit KFe2[OH(PO4)2] · 2H2O identifiziert werden. Feinbereichsbeugungsdiagramme einzelner Dendriten ergeben a0 zu 7,75 ± 0,05 Å und zeigen die Durchstrahlungsrichtungen [100]* [010]* und [220]* [202]*, die auch bei natürlichem Pharmakosiderit, einem dem Leukophosphit entsprechenden Eisenarsenat, beobachtet wurden. Natürlicher und synthetischer Leukophosphit sind monoklin; bei Ersatz von Fe3+ durch Al3+ und (PO4)3- durch (AsO4)3- bildet sich kubischer Alumopharmakosiderit. Die Neubildung wird daher als eine dem Pharmakosiderit entsprechende kubische Modifikation des Leukophosphit gedeutet. Ein Strukturvergleich ergibt die epitaktische Aufwachsung des Leukophosphit mit [110] und [333] aur α-Eisen [100] und [111]. Der Nachweis von Leukophosphit unmittelbar auf der Eisenoberfläche erfolgt durch Elektronbenbeugung mit streifendem Einfall des Elektronenstrahles.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 957-964 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Thermodynamic conditions for the formation of cover layers on passive zincInvestigations have been carried out into the thermodynamic behaviour of zinc at the Zn/H2O system. It was found that the primary process of Zn dissolution through gaseous oxygen, forming Zn(On)das. is thermodynamically probable. Zn layers at the passive zinc in neutral and slightly alkaline solutions can be explained by the double cover layer electrode Zn/½Zn2O3/ZnO2. When these oxides are in contact with metallic zinc, they are transformed to ZnO. On the strength of these thermodynamic considerations, zinc cannot strictly be regarded as a metal capable of passivation.
    Abstract: Bases thermodynamiques de la formation de couches de surface sur le zinc passifLes auteurs ont étudié le comportement thermodynamique du zinc dans le système Zn/H2O. Il en résulte que le stade primaire de la dissolution du Zn par l'oxygène gazeux avec formation de Zn(On)gaz parait probable du point de vue thermodynamique. Les couches présentes sur le zinc passif dans les solutions neutre et faiblement alcaline sont interprétées sur la base de l'électrode double à couche de surface Zn/½ Zn2O3/ZnO2. Par contact avec le zinc métallique ces oxydes sont transformés en ZnO. Sur la base des considérations thermodynamiques décrites ici on aurait tort d'appeler le Zn un métal passivable au sens rigoureux du mot.
    Notes: Untersucht wurde das thermodynamische Verhalten von Zink am Stoffsystem Zn/H2O. Dabei ergibt sich, daß der Primärvorgang der Zn-Auflösung durch gasförmigen Sauerstoff unter Bildung von Zn(On)das. thermodynamisch wahrscheinlich ist. Zn-Schichten am passiven Zink in neutralen und schwach alkalischen Lösungen sind durch die Doppel-Deckschichtelektrode Zn/½ Zn2O3/ZnO2 zu erklären. Diese Oxyde werden im Kontakt mit metallischem Zink in ZnO übergeführt. Auf Grund der angestellten thermodynamischen Betrachtungen kann Zink im strengeren Sinne nicht als passivierbares Metall angesprochen werden.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 1009-1009 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 1016-1016 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 1022-1026 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Problems affecting materials during sulphonationThe sulphonation process begins under oxidant conditions (strong sulphuric acid) so that, at the outset, passivable alloys are well suited. After a short time, however, the reducing character of the reaction mix prevails so that the passivating cover layer is locally destroyed and corrosion elements are set up with the metal. In such circumstances, good experience has been gathered with Hastelloy B (65% Ni, 27% Mo, 5% Fe) which forms no oxide layer and is therefore well suited for sulphonation reactions. However, because of the absence of the cover layer, the material in sensitive to erosion so that the flow rate (or turbulence) must not become too high. One advantage of Hastelloy B is its low sensitivity to mechanical stresses. Despite the fact that the potential is shifted towards more anodic values, the corrosion rate shows little or no increase.
    Notes: Das Sulfonieren beginnt unter oxydierenden Bedingungen (starke Schwefelsäure), so daß zunächst passivierbare Legierungen gut geeignet sind. Nach kurzer Zeit überwiegt jedoch der reduzierende Charakter des Reaktionsgemisches, so daß die passivierende Deckschicht örtlich zerstört wird und Korrosionselemente mit dem blanken Metall entstehen. Unter diesen Bedingungen bewährt sich Hastelloy B (65% Ni, 27% Mo, 5% Fe), das keine Oxidschicht bildet und daher für Sulfonierungsreaktionen gut verwendet werden kann. Wegen des Fehlens der Deckschicht ist das Material allerdings empfindlich gegenüber Erosion, so daß die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit (auch Turbulenz) nicht zu hohe Werte erreichen darf. Von Vorteil ist auch die geringe Empfindlichkeit von Hastelloy B gegenüber mechanischen Spannungen; zwar verschiebt sich das Potential in Richtung auf anodischere Werte, doch nimmt dabei die Korrosion nicht oder kaum zu.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 1054-1061 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 1074-1079 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 1079-1080 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 34-48 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Scaling rate of pure iron and mild steel in oxygen, water vapour and carbon dioxide at temperatures ranging from 850 to 1000° CThe tests were carried out in oxygen, air, CO2 and water vapour as well as in air with up to 15 per cent water vapour. The duration of the tests was up to 200 minutes. The oxidation of pure iron and steel in oxygen and air, as a function of time, was found to follow a parabolic law; with tests of long duration, however, the results tended to be lower then those corresponding to the ideal parabola. In water vapour, pure iron was found to oxidize at 850° C at a linear rate; at higher temperatures, the curve followed an alignment between straight line and parabola. Mild steel showed similar characteristics except that the deviation at higher temperatures was less marked. In CO2 the curve was linear with both samples. Generally speaking, the oxidation rate of pure iron was found to be twice as high as that of steel. The oxidation rate decreased in the sequence: oxygen, water vapour, carbon dioxide.With parabolic oxidation, the scale always consisted of three layers; with linear oxidation, it consisted of one layer only (Wüstit).In air with water vapour content, the curve was parabolic in all cases although no distinct influence of the water vapour addition 2.5 to 15 per cent.) was recognizable.
    Notes: Die Versuche wurden durchgeführt in Sauerstoff, Luft, CO2 und Wasserdampf sowie in Luft mit bis 15% Wasserdampf; die Versuchsdauer betrug bis 200 min. Für die Oxydation von Reineisen und Stahl in Sauerstoff und Luft ergab sich ein parabolisches Zeitgesetz, das jedoch bei längerer Versuchsdauer unter dem der idealen Parabel entsprechenden Wert sank. In Wasserdampf wurde Reineisen bei 850° C linear oxydiert, bei höheren Temperaturen lag das Zeitgesetz zwischen einer Geraden und einer Parabel. Der Weichstahl verhielt sich ähnlich, doch war hier die Abweichung bei höheren Temperaturen weniger ausgeprägt. In CO2 ergab sich für beide Probenarten ein lineares Zeitgesetz. Ganz allgemein wurde Reineisen doppelt so schnell oxydiert wie Stahl; die Oxydationsgeschwindigkeit nahm in der Reihenfolge Sauerstoff  -  Wasserdampf  -  Kohlendioxid ab.Bei parabolischer Oxydation bestand der Zunder immer aus drei Schichten, bei linearer Oxydation nur aus einer (Wüstit).In Luft mit Wasserdampf ergab sich immer ein parabolischer Verlauf, ohne daß ein deutlicher Einfluß des Wasserdampfzusatzes (2,5 bis 15 % zu erkennen gewesen wäre.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 413-417 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 640-640 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 641-641 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 870-875 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhibition of copper corrosion in sodium hydroxide solutionsThe authors have investigated the effect of 30 organic substances on the corrosion of copper in aqueous NaOH solutions (0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 n). The following substances were found to be effective inhibitors: resorcin, phloroglucin, pyragallol, tanni, β-naphthom, m and p-aminophenol, glucose, furfural, cyclohexanon, 8-oxychinolin, hydrazine sulphate, chinalizarine, hydrochinon, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, sodium rhodizonate, gallocyanine and acriflavine. In most cases, the inhibition effect is due to a covering layer of reaction products of metal, inhibitor and hydroxide. The decisive factor is the stability of the covering layer with the different lye concentrations.
    Notes: Die Verfasser untersuchten die Wirkung von 30 organischen Substanzen auf die Korrosion von Kupfer in wäßrigen NaOH-Lösungen (0,2, 0,5, und 1,0 n). Als gute Inhibitoren erweisen sich Resorcin, Phologluchin, Pyrogallol, Tannin, β-Naphthol, m- und p-Animophenol, Glucose, Fufurol, Cyclohexanon, 8-Oxychinolin, Hydrazinsulfat, Chinalizarin, Hydrochinon, Natriumdiäthyldithiocarbanmat, rhodiozonsaures Natrium, Gallocynin und Acriflavin. Die Hemmwirkung beruht in den meisten Fällen auf Deckschicht-Bildung aus Reaktionsprodukten von Metall, Inhibitor und Hydroxid. Entscheidend ist die Stabilität der Deckschicht bei den verschiedenen Laugenkonzentrationen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 916-918 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 935-936 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 937-937 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 954-956 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Thick-layer coating systems in corrosion protectionThick-layer coating systems represent a novel method of applying coatings for corrosion protection. Different varieties are available, depending on the conditions to which the object is exposed. Through a special combination of rheological properties between thixotropy and structure viscosity, it is possible to obtain great dry-layer thicknesses in one go.Advantages: The need for individual coating operations is obtiated; greater overall thickness can be obtained; better cover for edges and rivet heads; more rapid application; better corrosion protection. Using the unit construction method, the thick-layer coating systems can also be built into conventional systems, depending on individual requirements.
    Notes: Dickschichtanstrichsysteme sind eine neuartiges System von Anstrichstoffen für den Korrosionsschutz, wobei je nach der Beanspruchung des Objektes verschiedene Sorten zur Verfügung stehen. Durch eine besondere Kombination im Fließverhalten zwischen Thixotropie und Strukturviskosität kann man hohe Trockenschichtdicken je Arbeitsgang erzielen.Vorteile: Einsparung von Einzelschichten bzw. Erzielung höherer Gesamtschichtdicken, bessere Kanten- und Nietkopfdeckfähigkeit, schnellere Arbeitsweise, besserer Korrosionsschutz. Nach dem Baukasten-Prinzip können die Dickschichtanstrichsysteme auch in konventionelle Systeme eingebaut werden, je nachdem welche Anforderungen im Einzelfall vorliegen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 63-64 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 91-91 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 95-96 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 119-124 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The anodic and cathodic behaviour of iron in neutral and alkaline solutionsTo investigate the behaviour of iron in the pH range from 7 to 14 in the presence of chloride ions, the authors make use of the electrochemical affinity/overpotential diagram. At pH =7, the activation of the iron by the destruction of the FeO primary layer is possible. With increasing alkalinity, the passive zone is reduced by the direct effect of Cl- ions, by the oxidation of FeCl2, and by the formation of the iron complexes FeO42-. The decomposition of Fe(OH)2 by Cl- ions is thermodynamically possible up to pH = 10.5 only. At pH 〉 10.5, there occurs the equilibrium Fe(OH)2 = HFeO2- + H+.
    Notes: Für die Untersuchung des Verhaltens des Eisens im pH-Bereich 7 bis 14 in Anwesenheit von Chloridionen benutzen die Verfasser das elektrochemische Affinitäts/Überspannungs-Diagramm. Bei pH 7 ist die Aktivierung des Eisens durch die Zerstörung der FeO-Primärschicht möglich. Mit steigender Alkalität vermindert sich das passive Gebiet durch direkte Einwirkung von Cl--Ionen, durch Oxydation von FeCl2 und durch Bildung der Eisenkomplexe FeO42- und HFO2-. Die Zersetzung von Fe(OH)2 durch Cl--Ionen ist nur bis pH 10,5 thermodynamisch möglich. Bie pH 〉 10,5 stellt sich das Gleichgewicht Fe(OH)2 = HFeO2- + H+ ein.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 144-147 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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