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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The rate of heat transfer between a fluid stream in turbulent flow and a smooth, solid wall is largely controlled by the relatively high resistance of the laminar sublayer next to the wall. Although this laminar layer ii extremely thin, heat can be transferred through it only by molecular diffusion. Hence the resistance of this layer is very much greater than for a layer the same thickness farther out in the stream where turbulent exchange is the controlling factor. The thickness of the laminar layer is difficult to define precisely, since there is a gradual transition to the turbulent flow outside, but for the usual scale of many engineering applications almost half the temperature difference between the fluid and the wall occurs in a layer of a few thousands of an inch in thickness. When the wall is made of porous material and a coolant gas is forced through the wall into the stream, it has been found that a very small flow rate of the coolant is remarkably effective in keeping the wall at a low temperature. The coolant flow rate required is such as to give an average velocity normal cooling wall of the order of 1 per cent of the main stream velocity. This flow rate is so low that clearly the injected gas must act as an insulator rather than as a normal coolant. Because of its relatively low velocity, the injected gas can have very little influence on heat convection or momentum transfer in the turbulent stream, and its effect must be confined to the laminar sublayer. The possible influence of the coolant flow on the thickness of the laminar layer will be discussed in Section V.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: JPL-PR-4-50
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The turbulent flow in a conical diffuser represents the type of turbulent boundary layer with positive longitudinal pressure gradient. In contrast to the boundary layer problem, however, it is not necessary that the pressure distribution along the limits of the boundary layer(along the axis of the diffuser) be given, since this distribution can be obtained from the computation. This circumstance, together with the greater simplicity of the problem as a whole, provides a useful basis for the study of the extension of the results of semiempirical theories to the case of motion with a positive pressure gradient. In the first part of the paper,formulas are derived for the computation of the velocity and.pressure distributions in the turbulent flow along, and at right angles to, the axis of a diffuser of small cone angle. The problem is solved.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1137 , Central Aero-Hydrodynaical Institute Reports; Rept-462
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: An investigation has been conducted on a one-sixth segment of an annular turbojet combustor to determine the effects of modification in air-flow distribution and total-pressure loss on the performance of the segment. The performance features investigated during this series of determinations were the altitude operational limits and the temperature-rise efficiency. Altitude operational limits of the combustor segment, for the 19XB engine using the original combustor-basket design were approximately 38,000 feet at 17,000 rpm and 26,000 feet at 10,000 rpm. The altitude operational limits were approximately 50,000 feet at 17,000 rpm and 38,000 feet at 10,000 rpm for a combustor-basket design in which the air-passage area in the basket was redistributed so as to admit gradually no more than 20 percent of the air along the first half of the basket. In this case the total pressure loss through the combustor segment was not appreciably changed from the total-pressure loss for the original combustor basket design. Altitude operational limits of the combustor segment for the 19XB engine were above 52,000 feet at 17,000 rpm and were approximately 23,000 feet at 10,000 rpm for a combustor-basket design in which the distribution of the air-passage area in the basket was that of the original design but where the total-pressure loss was increased to 19 times the inlet reference kinetic pressure at an inlet-to-outlet density ratio of 2.4. The total-pressure loss for the original design was 14 times the inlet kinetic reference pressure at an inlet-to-outlet density ratio of 2.4.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SE7K16
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Some aerodynamic relations are derived which exist between two infinitely long airfoils if one is in a straight flow and the other in oblique flow, and both present the same profile in the direction of flow.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1158 , Deutsche Luftfahrtforschung, Forschungsbericht; Rept-1497
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: At the request of the Junkers Aircraft and Engine Construction Company, Engine Division, Dessau Main Plant, an investigation was made using the interferometer method on the two turbine-blade profiles submitted. The interferometer method enables making visible the differences in density and consequently the boundary layers that develop when a flow is directed on the profile. Recognition of the points on the profile at which separation of flow occurs is thus possible. By means of the interference photographs the extent of the dead-water region may be ascertained. The size of the dead-water region provides evidence as to the quality of the flow and allows a qualitative estimate of the amount of the flow losses. Interference photographs thus provide means of judging the utility of profiles under specific operating conditions and provide suggestions for possible changes of profile contours that might help to improve flow relations. Conclusions may be drawn concerning the influence of the blade-spacing ratio, the inlet-air angle, and the connection between the curvature of the profile contour and the point of separation of the flow from the profile surface.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1171 , Deutsche Luftfahrtforschung, Untersuchungen und Mitteilungen; Rept-2096
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  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: This paper contains a tabulation of functions of the Mach number which are frequently used in high-speed aerodynamics. The tables extend from M = 0 to M = 10.0 in increments of 0.01 and are based on the assumption that air is a perfect gas having a specific heat ratio of 1.400.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L7K26
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The condensation of water vapor in an air consequences: acquisition of heat (liberated heat vaporization; loss of mass on the part of the flowing gas (water vapor is converted to liquid); change in the specific gas constants and of the ratio k of the specific heats (caused by change of gas composition). A discontinuous change of state is therefore connected with the condensation; schlieren photographs of supersonic flows in two-dimensional Laval nozzles show two intersecting oblique shock fronts that in the case of high humidities may merge near the point of intersection into one normal shock front.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1174 , Heeres-Versuchsstelle; 66/72
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: There are investigated the problems of the flow of a supersonic jet out of a vessel with plane side walls and the problem of the supersonic flow about a wedge when there is a zone of local subsonic velocities ahead of the wedge.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1155 , Bulletin de L'Academie des Sciences de L'URSS; 9; 121-143
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: This paper makes the following assumptions: 1) The flowing gases are assumed to have uniform energy distribution. ("Isoenergetic gas flows," that is valid with the same constants for the the energy equation entire flow.) This is correct, for example, for gas flows issuing from a region of constant pressure, density, temperature, end velocity. This property is not destroyed by compression shocks because of the universal validity of the energy law. 2) The gas behaves adiabatically, not during the compression shock itself but both before and after the shock. However, the adiabatic equation (p/rho(sup kappa) = C) is not valid for the entire gas flow with the same constant C but rather with an appropriate individual constant for each portion of the gas. For steady flows, this means that the constant C of the adiabatic equation is a function of the stream function. Consequently, a gas that has been flowing "isentropically",that is, with the same constant C of the adiabatic equation throughout (for example, in origination from a region of constant density, temperature, and velocity) no longer remains isentropic after a compression shock if the compression shock is not extremely simple (wedge shaped in a two-dimensional flow or cone shaped in a rotationally symmetrical flow). The solution of nonisentropic flows is therefore an urgent necessity.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1187 , Rept-44/1
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  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: It is known that compression shocks which lead from supersonic to subsonic velocity cause the flow to separate on impact on a rigid wall. Such shocks appear at bodies with circular symmetry or wing profiles on locally exceeding sonic velocity, and in Laval nozzles with too high a back pressure. The form of the compression shocks observed therein is investigated.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1150 , Deutsche Luftfahrtforschung; Rept-1850
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The characteristics of the position and form of the transition surface through the critical velocity are computed for flow through flat and round nozzles from subsonic to supersonic velocity. Corresponding considerations were carried out for the flow about profiles in the vicinity of sonic velocity.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1147 , Deutsche Luftfahrtforchung; Rept-1992
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Six, 3-inch-chord symmetrical airfoil sections having systematic variations in thickness and thickness location were tested at Mach numbers near flight values for propeller-shank sections. The tests, the results of which are presented in the form of schlieren photographs of the flow past each model and pressure-distribution charts for two of the model, were performed to illustrate the effects of compressibility on the flow past thick symmetrical airfoil sections. Representative flow photographs indicated that at Mach numbers approximately 0.05 above the critical Mach number a speed region was reached in which the flow oscillated rapidly and the separation point and the location of the shock wave were unstable. Fixing the transition on both surfaces of the airfoil was effective in reducing these rapid oscillations. The pressure distributions showed that the section normal-force coefficients for thick airfoils were very erratic at subcritical speeds; at supercritical speeds the section normal-force coefficients for the thick airfoils became more regular. Drag coefficients showed that considerable drag decreases can be expected by decreasing the model thickness ratio.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L6J17a
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: As a turbine rotor turns, the blades traverse the wake zones of the nozzle vanes. A periodic fluctuation of the pressure distribution around the circumference of the rotor blade is therefore caused. It was desired to investigate quantitatively this effect. At the same time, the magnitude of the force acting upon one profile of the rotor-blade lattice at various positions of this lattice relative to the nozzle lattice was to be determined.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1173 , Reports of the Lattice Conference: Berichte der Gittertagung; Mar 27, 1944 - Mar 27, 1944; Brunswick,; Germany|Berichte der Gittertagung; 95-100; M325/44g
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Test results are present for cascades of airfoils in retarded flow and increasing pressure as corresponds to the case of the impeller of an axial propeller pump and propeller fan.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1190 , Transactions of the Society of Mechanical Engineers; 3; 13; 334-344
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  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The characteristics introduced by the turbulence in the process of the flame propagation are considered. On the basis of geometrical and dimensional considerations an expression is obtained for the velocity of the flame propagation in a flow of large scale of turbulence.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1110 , Journal of Technical Physics; 13; 10-Sep
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The present report deals with the effect of turbulence on the propagation of the flame. Being based upon experiments with laminar as well as turbulent Bunsen flames, both the physico-chemical and the hydro-dynamical aspects of the problem are analyzed. A number of new deductions, interesting from the point of view of engine combustion and other very rapidly changing flame reactions, are made.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1112 , Zeitschrift fuer Elektrochemie und Angewandte Physikalische Chemiw; 46; 11; 601-626
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