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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (7.089)
  • 1990-1994  (7.052)
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  • 1925-1929  (37)
  • 1990  (7.052)
  • 1929  (37)
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  • 1990-1994  (7.052)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 42 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper examines the introduction of monopolistic competition into wage bargaining models: in addition to capital-labour substitution, we also consider a cost-push effect. The right-to-manage model requires strong restrictions on the objective functions and leads to problematic conclusions because the wage claims of the union are generally not compatible with the mark-up requirement contained in the firm's price equation. In the efficient bargaining model, the union negotiates also the employment level, which gives it a way of extracting part of the monopoly rent: the firm's commitment to an efficient wage-employment combination forces it to follow a pricing rule such that part of the surplus is transferred to the union.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 42 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 42 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper extends Becker's basic model on investment in human capital by introducing effort as a decision variable. Based on this extended model we consider the efficiency of two popular study-grant schemes and propose a third which unequivocally increases the student's effort and may thereby resolve the moral hazard problem created by the student's self-interested behaviour. In addition, some policy issues concerning conflicts between the students' and the policy-maker's objectives are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 42 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: A three factor, two sector general equilibrium model is used to determine long run income distributional impacts of factor supply changes associated with international migration in developing and newly industrializing countries. Factor intensity rankings among three factors (capital, skilled and unskilled labor) between two industries (agriculture and manufacturing-services) play a critical role in determining which factors are natural friends with respect to migration. A result common to all countries is observed friendship between capital and unskilled labor: reducing (increasing) the supply of one will lower (raise) payments to the other.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 42 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 42 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper presents a labor turnover model in which urban employers have an economic incentive to support an urban bias in development policies because of the indirect effect of rural incomes on urban training expenditures through the rate of labor turnover. A comparative static analysis of the model shows that an income transfer from rural workers to urban workers increases the profits of urban employers, even if urban employers are not directly involved in the transfer. Unlike previous versions of the labor turnover model, worker behavior is explicitly grounded in utility maximization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Little evidence is currently available on the regional growth effects of federal defense spending. In this study, econometric models for state personal income and manufacturing employment between 1976 and 1985 are specified and estimated. Pooled cross-sectional time-series data are used, and the estimation procedure corrects for serial correlation, heteroscedasticity, and contemporaneous cross-sectional correlation. The results indicate that aggregate defense spending has a positive effect on both growth measures. However, when defense expenditures are disaggregated, only investment-type outlays appear to consistently affect state economic growth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Wildlands: Their Protection and Management in Economic Development, by George Ledec and Robert Goodland. Revitalising the Waterfront: International Dimensions of Dockland Redevelopment, edited by Brian S. Hoyle, David S. Pinder, and M. Sohail Hussain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: State populations in the United States are characterized by large differences in current growth rates and historical growth trends. What demographic factors account for these differences? Population growth has only three components: births, deaths, and migration. In this study, we estimated the contributions of births, deaths, and migration to changes in population size between 1950 and 1980 for the 48 contiguous states in the United States. We found that population momentum (i.e., the growth that would occur in a closed population if fertility and mortality rates remained constant) had the largest effect on population growth in most states, but that differences in net migration were the major cause of state-to-state differences in growth rates. We also found that net migration has been gaining in importance compared to natural increase as a component of population growth. We expect this trend to continue in coming decades.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: For the purposes of simplicity, short-run cost functions are widely used in spatial markets literature, even when the long-run effects of entry are in question. In this paper, I show that if a long-run cost function is incorporated into a Löschian model, counter-intuitive and novel performance characteristics can result. Under some circumstances welfare per area can decrease as cost levels decrease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Life Spaces: Gender, Household, Employment, edited by Caroline Andrew and Beth Moore Milroy. Women in Cities: Gender and the Urban Environment, edited by Jo Little, Linda Peake, and Pat Richardson. Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models, by Luc Anselin Spatial Data Configuration in Statistical Analysis of Regional Economic and Related Problems, by Giuseppe Arbia. Spatial Analysis and Planning under Imprecision, by Yee Leung. Subsidizing Industrial Location: A Conceptual Framework with Application to Korea, by Michael P. Murray. The Modern Economics of Housing: A Guide to Theory and Policy for Finance and Real Estate Professionals, by Randall Johnston Pozdena. Community Economics: Economic Structure and Change in Smaller Communities, by Ron Shaffer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Several researchers have proven that for the integrated production-location problem on the Weberian triangle, intermediate points on the edge of the triangle can never be optimal locations. Authors of previous proofs of this result have used cumbersome trigonometric arguments. We present a much simpler algebraic proof of the result, and present it in terms of the more general n-input model, where the feasible location space is a convex polygon rather than a triangle. In addition, the result generalizes immediately to other cases, such as (1) multifacility production-location problems, (2) stochastic versions of one-facility and multifacility production-location problems, and (3) comparable pure location problems (e.g., the Weber problem).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Perceptions of individual well-being are influenced by local status, i.e., one's place in the income distribution of one's reference group. In general, reference groups are smaller than the entire nation. If national social welfare is an aggregate of individual's well-being, then it is not symmetric with respect to all individuals. A geographical interpretation of reference groups means that the welfare of a family living in one region is only influenced by other families in that region. An empirical application, using states, shows that a Gini index modified to reflect local status showed much less improvement 1949-1979 than did the standard Gini.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: For many practical applications it is important to know how the flows in a doubly constrained gravity model react to slight variations in the predetermined marginal totals. The first-order approximation of these variations is a linear function on the set of feasible variations of marginal totals, i.e., the set of variations not violating the consistency constraint of the model. Several methods to find a matrix describing this linear function are developed and compared with former contributions to this issue. Finally, applicability of the methods to sensitivity and error propagation analysis is demonstrated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In this paper, we consider oligopolistic competition in a spatial model when firms take care of goods' delivery and discriminate among consumers. Firms compete by setting quantity schedules independently over space. We show that under general conditions a Nash equilibrium in this game exists and is unique. In equilibrium, firms’ markets overlap, a feature which accords with intuition and empirical observations. Over the interval between two firms, the equilibrium spatial price schedule is quasi-concave (quasi-convex) when transport costs are concave (convex). With linear transport costs, the model predicts uniform delivered pricing. Uniform pricing could moreover be obtained by a combination of increasing returns to volume in transportation together with concavity of unit transport costs in distance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In this study, we use a vector autoregressive modeling framework to test the zero restrictions implied by alternative criteria for ranking regions into hierarchies in the wage-transmission debate. This approach allows formal statistical tests to be carried out for competing criteria suggested for determining leading and following regions.The ability of the modeling technique proposed here to produce a set of nested hypothesis tests of alternative criteria is in stark contrast to the historical literature in this debate. Researchers have traditionally proposed a criterion for ranking regions into a hierarchy, and then argued for the merits of their particular criterion by demonstrating that an econometric model of wage formation produces statistically significant coefficient estimates when their criterion is used to rank the regions of their data sample.We apply the methods proposed here to a sample of eight midwestern cities in the U.S. in order to test the following criteria: Beaumont (1983), Hart and MacKay (1977), Reed and Hutchinson (1976), unemployment rate, and earnings level. The test is for consistency with the Granger-causal structure of wage interactions inherent in the wage diffusion idea. We argue that the technique set forth here is a real step forward that should allow a resolution of this particular debate. The proposed procedures might also be applied to empirically test other regional science hypotheses concerning for example, intercity and interindustry causal structures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Daganzo (1977, 1979), Daganzo and Sheffi (1977), Sheffi (1985), and Sheffi and Daganzo (1980) have used one assumption about traveler behavior in developing estimation techniques for the stochastic route-choice problem and another assumption in predicting flows on networks by using the same model. In estimation, they calculate the congested travel costs of the network links from observed flows on the network, and the network is loaded based on these costs. In prediction, they follow their stochastic user-equilibrium assumption by which travelers evaluate costs using the mean of the observed flows (or equilibrium flows). The travel-cost coefficient obtained from the loading method systematically overestimates the true travel-cost coefficient from which the observed flow data (which must be used in loading) is generated. The estimates of the same coefficient, obtained in this paper, by constraining the estimation results to conform to the equilibrium conditions are unbiased, and only marginally less efficient (have larger standard deviations). The average percentage error and inefficiency of the link flow predictions based on the loading method increases as the level of congestion on the network rises. In contrast, the average percentage error of link flow predictions based on the equilibrium estimation method declines and their efficiency remains very high as the level of congestion on the network rises.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Goods production and services have become increasingly integrated within a flexible, information-oriented system of production organization. In this context, it is argued here that producer services–carried out both within manufacturing firms and by “independent” enterprises–play a pivotal role in expanding the division of labor, productivity, and per capita income. This proposition is supported by results of an empirical analysis of metropolitan areas in major U.S. regions and in the nation as a whole.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In this paper, we outline the specification and estimation of a time series of multiregional net-migration equations subject to first-order serial correlation. We show that the necessary nonstochastic adding-up constraint, which requires that net migration in the system sum to zero, imposes restrictions on the serial-correlation coefficients. We estimate equations under these restrictions using data for the ten Canadian provinces for the period 1962-1985. The results confirm the significance of the serial-correlation coefficient and, hence, the importance of incorporating this correction in future time-series models of multiregional migration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In this paper, I present an axiomatic basis for the neoclassical model of household location in a monocentric urban area. I generalize the existing framework and demonstrate that many of the conclusions derived using parametric models continue to hold even without the popularly assumed well-behaved utility and transportation cost functions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper shows that a time-series version of export-based location quotients, which decompose area employment into export and local components are co-integrated. Given the statistically established co-integrating relation between the time series for export and local employment, the Granger Representation Theorem tells us that an error-correction mechanism model is the appropriate time-series model specification. A set of forecasting experiments is carried out, in order to test whether the error-correction model produces better long-run forecasts that hold together in economically meaningful ways. Given the computer hardware and software that currently exist, the model developed here represents a simple, low-cost method for accurately forecasting local-area employment in the tradition of past work on export-base models.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: With the view that travel behavior stems from the principle of utility maximization, in this paper I present a spatial translog demand model that accounts for interdependence among travel alternatives and that handles varying elasticities of substitution for various destination pairs. Using simulation as the mode of inquiry, this model describes the effect of spatial size, spatial configuration, and spatial substitution on spatial interaction. In addition to indicating how varying spatial sizes and configurations affect the average trip length and the trip making pattern, the simulation results also point out the possible effect of having spatially dependent locations in the system. Competing destinations increase the attractiveness of nearby locations, and complementary destinations reduce the impeding effect of space. The model is primarily relevant to the demand for shopping trips.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper examines the theoretical implications of quantity-discounted transportation rates on the optimum location decision of the firm. It shows that the linearly homogeneous or homothetic production function is not a sufficient condition for the independence between the optimum location and the output level, unless (i) the elasticities of transportation rates with respect to quantity shipped are constant and identical, and (ii) the ratios of marginal products 60 the marginal transportation costs are equal for each input.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: A Marginal Economy? East Anglian Breckland in the Later Middle Ages, by Mark Bailey. Peripheralisation and Industrial Change, edited by G. J. R. Linge. Recursive Methods in Economic Dynamics, by Nancy L. Stokey and Robert E. Lucas, Jr., with Edward C. Prescott. Facility Location Analysis: Theory and Applications, edited by François V. Louveaux, Martine Labbé, and Jacques-François Thisse. Expert Systems: Applications to Urban Planning, edited by Tschangho John Kim, Lyna L. Wiggins, and Jeff R. Wright. Modelling Urban Housing Market Dynamics, by L. J. G. Van Wissen and Annamarie Rima. Choice and Allocation Models for the Housing Market, by Jan Rouwendal. The Economic Value of Visibility, edited by George Tolley and Robert Fabian. Benefit-Cost Analysis: A Political Economy Approach, by A. Allan Schmid. Regional Economic Modeling in Theory and in Practice, by Curtis C. Harris, Jr. and Mehrzad Nadji. Integrated Multiregion Models for Policy Analysis: An Australian Perspective, by Christine Smith. Information Technology: Social and Spatial Perspectives, edited by Isao Orishimo, Geoffrey J. D. Hewings, and Peter Nijkamp.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The stability of regression coefficients over the observation set (“regional homogeneity”) is typically assessed by means of a Chow test or within a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) framework. When spatial error autocorrelation is present in cross-sectional equations the traditional tests are no longer applicable. I evaluate this both in formal terms as well as empirically. I introduce a taxonomy of spatial effects in models for structural instability, and discuss its implication for testing. I compare the performance of traditional tests, robust approaches, maximum-likelihood procedures and pretest techniques by means of a series of simple Monte Carlo experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The present paper derives analytical expressions for the sensitivity of input-output multipliers to errors in the data. The effects on the simple output multipliers are investigated for additive errors, multiplicative errors in the columns, multiplicative errors in the rows, error rectangles, the error couple and the single error, and price changes. In contrast to earlier investigations, the results are not obtained from the Leontief inverse. The present approach focusses on the effects of errors on the eigenvector corresponding to the dominant eigenvalue. It is indicated how similar expressions may be derived for several other multipliers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In this note, I present a method to estimate the desired distance between medical facilities. The survival rate of patients improves when the facility is larger, however larger facilities result in a longer driving distance to the facility which decreases the survival rate. I identify the desired distance between facilities for which the survival rate is maximized.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: A wide variety of existing models of spatial agglomeration postulate additive-interaction effects among agents. In this paper, a synthesis of such models is achieved by establishing certain mathematical equivalences between them. In particular, it is shown that Rockafellar's conjugacy theory of concave functions yields a symmetric one-to-one correspondence between three classes of existing models, here designated as spatial-accessibility models, endogenous-contact models, and fixed-contact models. These correspondences not only allow the transference of results between models, but also suggest new economic interpretations of each model in terms of its conjugate model. A series of examples are drawn from the literature to illustrate these results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In this paper, we use a two-stage intercity hedonic model to estimate household demand for public safety. This approach is shown to readily address the identification problem inherent in the hedonic model. Data from the 1980 Public Use Microdata Sample are used to estimate a willingness-to-pay function for the public-safety good. Income is found to be the primary determinant of willingness to pay. Indeed, the influence of income outweighs the combined impact of family life-cycle considerations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In Hotelling location models, an implicit assumption has been made that a customer uses the service provided by the firm, independent of other customers. However, for firms that supply meeting rooms, wedding halls, tennis courts, and golf links it is essential to incorporate the fact that the customer only uses the service in conjunction with other customers. The objective of this paper is to formulate the Hotelling location model n consideration of the interdependence among customers in one-dimensional space, and to characterize the state of equilibrium. In our model, each group of members within a given distance enjoys a fixed amount of service of the firms, under the assumption that the travel cost incurred by each group is defined as the travel cost of the farthest customer in the group.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In this paper, I adapt to the regional level a Bayesian approach developed by Zellner, Hong, and Min (1990) to analyze forecasts of turning points in a multicountry setting. The techniques applied to a regional setting treat the individual metropolitan areas in the same way that Zellner, Hong, and Min treated countries. The findings in this study indicate that the techniques and models employed by Zellner, Hong, and Min work just as well at the metropolitan-area level as they did in the multicountry setting. The best models, from those studied here, forecast around 70 percent of the downturns and 80 percent of the upturns correctly, which compares favorably to the performance of the same techniques in Zellner, Hong, and Min.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Trade and Employment in Mexico, by Jaime Behar. Sustaining Agriculture Near Cities, edited by William Lockeretz Understanding Peasant Agriculture: An Integrated Land-Use Model for the punjab, by Joseph H. Astroth, Jr.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Urban Economic Theory: Land Use and City Size, by Masahisa Fujita. Spatial Interaction Models: Formulations and Applications. by A. Stewart Fotheringham and Morton E. O'Kelly. Frontiers of Input-Output Analysis, edited by Ronald E. Miller, Karen R. Polenske, and Adam Z. Rose. Advances in Spatial Theory and Dynamics, edited by Åtke E. Andersson, David F. Battern, Börje Johansson, and Peter Nijkamp. Regional Structural Change: Experience and Prospects in Two Mature Economies, edited by Lay Gibson and Robert J. Stimson. Australian Regional Developments: Readings in Regional Experiences, Policies and Prospects, edited by Benjamin Higgins and Krzysztof Zagorski. South Australian Manufacturing in Transition, edited by Trevor J. Mules. Battling the Inland Sea: American Political Culture, Public Policy, and the Sacramento Valley, 1850-1986, by Robert Kelly. Pacific Visions: California Scientists and the Environment, 1850-1915, by Michael L. Smith. America's Ailing Cities: Fiscal Health and the Design of Urban Policy, by Helen F. Ladd and John Yinger. Integrated Urban Systems Modelling: Theory and Applications, by Tschangho John Kim in association with Jeong Hyun Rho and Sunduck Suh. Impacts of Industrial Robotics: Potential Effects on Labor and Costs within the Metalworking Industry, by Steven M. Miller.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: By ignoring individual unemployment compensation benefits and conditions of job termination, past migration research has concluded that personal unemployment doubles the likelihood of interstate labor-force migration. Findings from the present study indicate that aggregating the unemployed, without adjusting for these two factors, overstates the probability of migration for the involuntarily unemployed benefit recipient and understates the likelihood of migration for the voluntarily unemployed benefit recipient. The results suggest that federal discretionary unemployment-compensation programs, which are implemented during recessionary periods, likely serve to retard out-migration of those who are involuntarily unemployed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In this paper, I investigate some of the causes of city formation in spatial economies. A model is proposed in which an intermediate differentiated input shared by more than one industry is the cause of the formation of diversified cities. The desire of both the traded-good and the local-good industries to employ a variety of inputs from the intermediate industry provides the reason for the agglomeration of the three industries. In addition, the paper contains a comparative-statics analysis of the model in an open and a closed-city framework. It is demonstrated that the larger the city, the more variety of intermediate inputs the city can provide and the more specialized it is in the production of the traded-good. Moreover, the model suggests that different industrial structures will result in different city Sizes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This note analyzes whether central cities and suburbs of a metropolitan area relate to each other in a meaningful way. Specifically, it analyzes whether there is a factor specific to the metropolitan area in central-city and suburban growth once national and regional factors have been taken into account. Data are analyzed for growth of metropolitan areas from 1960 to 1980.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper questions the plausibility of the assumption of interregional equilibrium in recent research into migration and the valuation of amenities in the United States. It is shown that it is difficult to develop a satisfactory explanation for continuing net migration which is compatible with the equilibrium assumption, and that recent relevant research generally fails to support the idea that the U.S. economy is in equilibrium. The association of higher rent levels with in-migration is explained as a short-run phenomenon. If the spatial economy is in disequilibrium, then the valuations of amenities assuming equilibrium will be biased, being probably too low in areas of net in-migration and too high in areas of net out-migration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This note considers Blair, Kaserman, and Romano's conclusion (1989) that the only optimal solution in the case of bilateral monopoly is the joint profit maximization solution and examines the pattern of industrial location under joint profit maximization.
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In this paper, I consider a general equilibrium urban spatial structure in the setting of a port city by adopting Cobb-Douglas type functional forms for production and utility functions. Unlike previous port-city models, this one can generate four land-use patterns, that is, (1) monocentric, (2) completely integrated, (3) partially integrated (with integration at the center), and (4) partially integrated (with integration at the urban fringe) land-use patterns, and the last pattern suggests a new explanation of suburbanization of employment. The existence and uniqueness of each land-use pattern is proven in a simple constructive way.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In this paper, I model a simple hierarchical inter-urban system in which the location of business firms is considered together with the determination of residential land-use patterns. By supposing a spatial externality between the business firms and all the residents of the region, three spatial structures are obtained: monocentricity, multicentricity, and a separate pattern where cities are spatially split with an agricultural land existing between them. It is also shown that the spatial structures of monocentric and multicentric patterns formed by the market principle tend to be more concentrated than the optimum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In this paper, I examine the conditions and decision rules pertaining to the efficient provision of a central park in a city (provision that must satisfy the Samuelson condition). An interesting finding is that an additional opportunity cost that results from competition with residential use must be included to determine the efficient size of a central park. An efficient central park is larger in a city with public landownership than in a city with absentee landownership. Profit maximization and population maximization can be used as decision rules to determine the efficient provision of a central park in both an open city with absentee landownership and one with public landownership. The net benefit of a central park in a closed city with absentee landownership is reflected not only in the land rent or profit, but also in the utility level, while that of a closed city with public landownership is fully reflected in the utility level. It is not feasible to determine the efficient size of a central park for a closed city with either absentee or public landownership solely based on observable market information.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Spatial price theory suggests that locations which become basing points do so in response to competitive forces. The paper presents a model that captures the effect of those forces. When the model is tested against a sample of cement mills, there is little support for the competitive hypothesis. There is some evidence that the large cement producers determined which locations became basing points.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Computation and usage of my neoclassical economic-base marginal multiplier formula (Merrifield, 1987) is simplified. The note points out the economic parameters that must be estimated with some care and for which rough approximations suffice. It also indicates when the size of the multiplier will be significantly affected by the source of the exogenous stimulus (factor- or output-price change). The traditional bifurcation effort must be supplemented with careful estimates of only a small subset of the other parameters. For most of the simulated parameter combinations, the multiplier based on exogenous factor-price changes differed from the multiplier based on output-price changes by less than 10 percent.
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Interregional Migration: Dynamic Theory and Comparative Analysis, edited by Wolfgang Weidlich and Gunter Haag. Behavioural Modelling in Geography and Planning, edited by Reginald G. Golledge and Harry Timmermans. Free Enterprise City: Houston in Political and Economic Perspective, by Joe R Feagin. The Rise of the Entrepreneurial State: State and Local Economic Development Policy in the United States, by Peter K. Eisinger. Societal Responses to Regional Climatic Change: Forecasting by Analogy, edited by Michael H. Glantz. Studies in the Economics of Central America, by Victor Bulmer-Thomas. Central America: The Future of Economic Integration, edited by George Irvin and Stuart Holland. Urbanization in Asia: Spatial Dimensions and Policy Issues, edited by Frank J. Costa, Ashok K. Dutt, Laurence J. C. Ma, and Allen Noble. Unemployment, Vacancies and Local Labor Markets, by Harry J. Holzer. Assisting Displaced Workers: Do the States Have a Better Idea?, by Duane E. Leigh. Planning Local Economic Development: Theory and Practice, by Edward J. Blakely.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Joining technology is critical to manufacturing and fabrication industries, since it greatly influences the design, assembly and ultimate competitiveness of the product. In particular, adhesive bonding is now attracting strong interest from many industries. This trend is further strengthened by dramatic advances in new materials, many of which cannot be joined by conventional means.However, most industries are failing to exploit the opportunities offered by current adhesive technology, for a variety of reasons. CEST (the Centre for Exploitation of Science and Technology) has undertaken to examine these reasons, and to initiate a programme of actions which will lead to wider acceptance of adhesive joining within industry.We have selected a number of companies from a range of industries, which we believe can effectively drive the exploitation process. By working closely with these companies it has been possible to define a number of strategic projects, which will promote this exploitation process. Several projects consist of targeted research and development, to fill the ‘missing links’ of technology which have impeded exploitation to date.These coordinated actions will be initiated from the end of 1989. Typically, these projects will be collaborative, involving both industrial and university or polytechnic partners. The scopes of a number of such projects are described in detail, and their potential impacts on manufacturing processes are explained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Technology analysis is a new field of knowledge aimed at creating a fuller understanding of the technological setting within which business operates. It provides a macro-discipline and is specifically aimed at improving the effectiveness of management of technology. As such it is of direct relevance to R&D management.The essential tools of technology analysis constitute a set of analytical frameworks covering aspects such as: (i) a common approach to describing individual technological artefacts, (ii) a taxonomy of technologies, (iii) a classification of technological trends, (iv) a chart of technological limits, and (v) a socio-technical preference profile.These frameworks help the R&D manager to dissect and debate typical R&D management problems such as: (i) selecting R&D projects, (ii) setting broad R&D objectives in the case of a given project and (iii) setting specific R&D goals to meet the said objectives. The frameworks also help the R&D manager to portray and present research achievements within a simple and intuitively appealing framework.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The paper reports the actions taken by a large Swedish information technology business to repair defects in the production of system software. Typical problems were late delivery, poor maintainability, lack of documentation. The approach taken to remove the defects consisted in introducing into software production the time- and specification-oriented culture of the factory.Software writing had usually been delegated to more or less autonomous individuals inside R&D, with the result that expertize was often unrecorded, residing in those individuals' brains, procedures were poorly documented, cross-fertilization with other projects was minimal and lead times were long. The authors identify three reasons for this situation: management ignorance of how the design process operates; professional exclusiveness of design staff; reluctance of managers to exercise supervision over a design engineer's daily tasks.The solution was to differentiate and rationally define jobs within the design function, set up a flat managerial structure overseeing a group of integrated teams each consisting of a senior system designer plus a junior designer leading four semi-skilled technicians, introduce a well-defined work-flow organization, make use of quality circles, install review procedures, undertake leadership and interpersonal skill training, and take measures to ensure effective communication in all directions.The new approach has partly been successfully operated for several years. The paper concludes with a discussion of some of the positive and negative lessons which have been learnt during the implementation.
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The authors' aim is to examine the socioeconomic setting in which the modern technologies of synthetic fibre manufacture emerged. Their specially developed methodology consists in analysing the emergence at three hierarchical levels of analysis — at the ‘macro’ level, tracing the dominant line of development, the so-called technological trajectory; at the ‘meso’ level, characterizing the industry environment (the main focus of the paper); and at the ‘micro’ level within which each company's development strategy is formulated and implemented.The paper contains a brief history of the development of the technology of synthetic fibre production. The long-term macro trajectory, pursued by the participant firms in significantly different ways, was towards making a polyamide polymer by solution condensation and spinning it into fibres by existing technology, the aim of each firm being to produce its own high performance fibre selling into a premium market. The paper describes how a number of leading firms chose their particular routes to a marketable product. The motivations varied considerably depending, for example, on legal and patent factors, previous technological choices made by the firm, the need to defend an existing core business, and identification of an empty market niche.In spite of the general similarity of the outcomes of the technological development the authors hold that the industry is still far from standardization, a situation they explain in terms of a model of standardization put forward by Reddy and colleagues.
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: From July 13–15 of 1988 individuals from nine countries gathered at the Manchester Business School for the fifth international conference of INTERSTUDY (the International Association for the Study of Interdisciplinary Research). Entitled Interdisciplinary Research and the World Marketplace, the conference was co-sponsored by the Manchester Business School and the journal R&D MANAGEMENT. Founded in 1980, Inter-study has endeavoured to advance the art and science of IDR (interdisciplinary problem-focussed research) by organizing international meetings for representatives of the academy, industry, and government. Its major accomplishment has been publication of the results of those meetings in four books. These books, along with other publications in the growing field of IDR, provide a valuable collection of resources for scholars, managers, researchers, and practitioners.
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The present is a companion paper to one dealing with the more general evolution of one particular funding programme for international R&D against a background of calls for the economic utility of such work. In the other paper the general unsolicited applications are shown, in general, to follow scientific demand and, as a case study, the response of the programme in one highly topical case is described. The present paper supplements these descriptions and observations with an examination of the directed research funding of the same organisation in special commissioned ‘sunset’ programmes, and offers some indications for policy formation as well as insights for applicants for funding.
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Interdisciplinary research centres (IRCs) in the UK were originally set up by the UK Advisory Board for Research Councils (the ABRC) to foster cross-disciplinary basic research. This activity was seen to be a fruitful way to help British industry overcome some of its current technological shortcomings. The author describes the strategy pursued by the ABRC in setting up the IRCs, their location, staffing policies, relationship to industry and other characteristics.The author indicates the problems faced by IRC managements in the present situation. There is financial stringency, they have to ensure continuity of expertise, a problem posed by the ABRC's insistence on a very small permanent core staff at each centre, and they have the difficult task of directing basic research, which has its own internal logic, towards externally defined objectives thought to be relevant to the British national interest.The author believes that only radical change can guarantee a successful future for the IRCs but is pessimistic that the ABRC's present tactics will procure it.
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Theory and research from the field of interorganizational analysis is applied to University/Industry Research Collaborations with the intent of better understanding these relationships and facilitating innovation. Four general perspectives are employed:population ecologyresource dependencemarketing andprocessThe analysis suggests that:1. These collaborations may be a function of major changes in industry structure which deserves more macro-level policy analysis.2. Competitive forces may encourage organizations to invest in collaborations with limited potential for innovation.3. Geographical proximity, and exchange of personnel and information are critical factors in the design of successful collaborations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Previous studies of success and failure in new product development have examined the effects of numerous variables upon new product outcomes. Some of these variables are controllable by the firm; many are not. This study employs canonical correlation analysis to investigate the nature of the interactions within and between two sets of variables (controllable and environmental) in the new product process. Several insightful implications for new product management are obtained and presented. Among these is the need for production and marketing synergy in new product development
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This working paper addresses the interaction processes of separate organisations combining in the development and commercialisation of innovations. A conceptual model is outlined, which expounds the transfer of technology from Dedicated R&D Centres (DRDCs) to manufacturers. The authors term this the ‘intermediate’ technology transfer stage. The paper discusses the role of DRDCs in innovation initiation and suggests that DRDCs differ in their innovation strategy and client base according to their sources of funding.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The paper proposes a model of innovation claimed to be applicable both to the lone entrepreneur and the large institution. It treats innovation as a social process and views it in some respects as analogous to natural selection.The model takes into account 12 elements: the innovator, the new concept, the innovating group, the new product, target user, competitors, capital supply, strategy, supplying organization, technology, relevant environment and chance. The author characterises each element and shows how they interact in the course of guiding a particular innovation to success or failure.The operation of the model is illustrated by applying it to two cases — the rise and decline of the metal ski and the launch and success of a national US newspaper.The paper concludes with a list of possible uses of the model, as a checklist for action, as a basis for incorporating other approaches to the innovation process and as a starting point for a quantitative representation of the innovation process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The paper reports an analysis of the characteristics of those new projects that are killed, that is, terminated before commercialisation. Such projects constitute the majority of new product projects. The authors' aim was to learn from the differences between ‘kills’ and those that are commercialised. The latter may, of course, turn out to be successes or failures.Their sample consisted of 250 new projects of which 123 were ultimately successful, 80 failed and 47 were kills. Two hypotheses were tested: that kills and failures had similar characteristics and that kills differed from successes in the way that failures differed from successes. Four groups of multidimensional project characteristics were measured: product advantage, market attractiveness, competitive situation, and synergy/familiarity.The results showed that neither hypothesis was generally supported, The patterns of characteristics observed were complex but were unravelled through a computer model simulating how managers perform the evaluation process. It showed that the results could be explained on the basis that errors could be made in evaluation. For example, it is difficult to evaluate product advantage. Surprisingly, competitive situation is not a discriminator between successes, failures and kills but managers treat it as if it were. Some characteristics are perceived by managers to be negative although they are, in fact, favourable to project success.The authors claim that these results should lead to better allocation of R&D resources among proposed projects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: R&D often reflects social concerns which are represented in the organization and implementation of scientific inquiry. An analysis of R&D projects for the disabled provides a glimpse into the link between such social concerns and its consequent organizational basis.A content analysis of 89 R&D computer-related projects between 1979 and 1983, focussing on R&D, interest areas, funding sources, research emphasis, institutional setting and prototype production, illustrates the organizational influence involved in this type of specialized R&D.Specifically, a model is created, arguing that public funding mechanisms influence the type and direction that research takes, while factors in the form of institutional division of resources and specialization, lead to specific research concentrations. These findings add support to the argument that the organization of R&D of computer aids is influenced by societal priorities which, through a series of constraints, affects its output.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: AbstractSuccessful product innovation hinges on close R&D/marketing relationships, especially in technology-based organizations. However, there is evidence that linkage problems are common and when they are not overcome failure is the usual result.R&D's perspective on what R&D, marketing and senior management can do to improve their relationship with marketing is presented. The recommendations are based on suggestions from R&D directors involved in new product development efforts in 83 technology-based companies. Also presented is how the need for integration has changed over time and where it is going in the future.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: AbstractA major issue for organizations planning for technological turnaround concerns the question of how to internalize the new technology. This article reports the findings of an exploratory research that addressed this problem. A multiple case study approach has been used to study and analyze the different strategies and organizational approaches to absorb alien technologies (in-house development, intercompany co-operation, purchase of technology, contract research, joint-venture, acquisition). On the basis of the results, a propositional framework has been developed which offers managers a perspective to develop a strategy with respect to the appropriate organizational design to ‘de-mature’ technologically mature business units.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: AbstractThe adoption of EC-regulations in German law on annual corporate reporting has introduced two new formats for profit and loss statements. Using this newly available data from a sample of German chemical companies, production functions are estimated with sales as an output measure, and R&D and marketing as input measures. It is shown that these factors are peripheral rather than complete substitutes. Marginal productivities of the factors imply the opportunity for relative increases of R&D expenditure over marketing expenditure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: AbstractThe authors' purpose is to improve the coupling between technology development and corporate strategic planning in multinational firms by providing a much needed technology planning framework.The framework, which is developed in some detail, divides the planning process into three stages: technology scanning, strategy development (product level) and implementation (country level). In the first stage an answer is sought to the question, “What technologies (as distinct from businesses) are we, or should we be in?”. in the second, the aim is to develop a strategy for each of the products from the chosen technologies; in the third stage, details of implementation on a country-by-country basis are worked out. Although presented as a sequence of three stages, the framework is to be applied iteratively.The authors argue that technology for all its vital importance to a global company, cannot be treated as a profit centre. This is part of the difficulty in implementing the technology management function, especially in multidivisional and global firms. They believe that use of this framework will make it easier to integrate technology development into the strategic planning process. In addition it will serve to integrate managers from different parts of the company into a formalized technology planning exercise.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper is a case study of financial planning issues concerning funding, pricing, and the organization of corporate research and development (R&D) activity faced by American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) after the break up of the Bell System. The paper concludes that from the standpoint of financial planning, and in the context of firms similar to AT&T, a variant of the predivestiture model, rather than a profit centre model or a market model, appears to be the most efficient way of funding, pricing and organizing corporate R&D activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Functional integration is a new trend in corporate organization. By changing the balance between functional differentiation and integration, functional integration gives up some supposed economies of scale and benefits from division of labour in order to increase the degree of interaction and task-sharing between diverse functions. The aim is to achieve faster response to threats and opportunities in the persistent turbulent business environment of today. The exact location of the new functional boundaries and inter dependencies differs from industry to industry; in some cases external integration, say with customers or suppliers, may be justifiable. Advantage can be taken from new forms of organization such as flatter hierarchies, the building of interfunctional teams, and the adoption of new design and manufacturing control technologies.The paper gives examples of functional integration and discusses implications and problems generated by its adoption. Some of the implications may eventually induce radical rethinks on a whole range of presuppositions about corporate structure, relationships between the firm and its suppliers and customers, the role of management, industrial relations and the socio-cultural impact of increasing reliance on automated information systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The author reviews the spectrum of computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) aids now available to speed up the development, manufacture and marketing of new products. To help firms to decide which aid is best suited to their needs the author presents a 2-by-2 typology of business environments, the dimensions being uncertainty and complexity. For each cell he derives a factor critical to achievement of competitive advantage, to which is matched a suitable form of CIM.The paper includes a survey of the characteristics and limitations of commercially available hardware and associated software, advice on the administration of the systems and the storage of information generated. The author concludes by defining the key to the successful use of CIM as ensuring its conscious integration into the business, which means having a clear understanding of what is involved in design and development, management awareness of and commitment to the potential usefulness of CIM, defining clear responsibilities for creating and owning data and planned introduction of a design and engineering information system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The paper addresses the present interest in human resources management in Dutch professional organizations, primarily in research institutions and engineering firms. The author has used the opportunity afforded by interviews with seven personnel managers to check their experiences with the academic literature on the social policies for professionals. He also benefited from responses of the interviewed persons and five personnel managers of industrial research organizations to his draft paper. After the overview of the policies of the seven organizations, the article looks at theoretical aspects that seem to stick out as essential for a more coherent social policy for professionals.First, it is concluded that management of human sources is not a hot issue in science and engineering discussions, but the need for it is often mentioned. Career development issues are already discussed in this and other journals, but still seem to be a key problem as there are no simple solutions available. Mid-career issues are acknowledged and new directions for this increasingly important problem are discussed. Job assignment and motivation seem to be essential elements in career development. Management can increase the motivation by offering challenging assignments and opportunities for education and training, even at a later stage in the career of a professional. Some remarks are made about the advantages of the ‘dual ladder system’ for career development and the system of ‘assessment centres’ for career development selection of managers.The article ends with a strong plea for more management interest in the human resources aspect of professional Organizations. A new conference on the subject would be timely.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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