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  • 1
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    The March 2023 UAS-based high-resolution Digital Surface Model and orthomosaic of the NE flank of Stromboli volcano (Sicily, Italy) (2024)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: Digital Surface Model and the orthophoto availabe at https://www.pi.ingv.it/banche-dati/Stromboli-2023-UAS-Survey/
    Description: Stromboli is a volcanic island in a persistent state of activity, located in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the northern coast of Sicily. During the night of 25 and 26 May 2022, a massive human-caused wildfire destroyed most of the vegetation cover on the NE flank of the island, just above the main village. On 12 August 2022, a particularly heavy rainfall event remobilized the loose volcaniclastic deposits that covered the burned volcanic flank, no longer protected by the vegetation. This event triggered several debris flows that were channeled by the roads and flooded several streets and buildings, causing severe damage to the village. In late-March 2023, just before the large spring vegetation growth, we conducted an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) photogrammetric campaign over a sector of the NE flank of Stromboli Island, to acquire data on an area massively affected by the wildfire first and by the debris flows later. Here we present and share with the scientific community and civil authorities the results of this UAS campaign, which consists of a 1.4 km2 wide 10 cm-resolution Digital Surface Model (DSM) and 1.6 cm-resolution orthomosaic. These data clearly show the dramatic consequences of the 2022 tragic events at Stromboli. We also produced an elevation difference map by comparing the 2023 DSM here generated and the 2012 LiDAR DEM to provide a first overview of the thickness of the deposits that were removed from the Stromboli NE flank.
    Description: This research is supported by Agreement DPC – INGV All. B, 2022-2024 – “Sistema Unico Stromboli, Task 4.1: Elements for risk assessment of ballistic projectiles, pyroclastic avalanches and tsunamis at Stromboli”, and by project “Reti multiparametriche – Sotto-progetto Vulcani”, INGV, 2022-2025. Objective A7: “Probability of eruptive fenomena and hazard maps of ballistics and secondary pyroclastic flows from major explosions and paroxysms with risk assessment implications”.
    Description: Published
    Description: DM526
    Description: OSV3: Sviluppo di nuovi sistemi osservazionali e di analisi ad alta sensibilitĂ 
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stromboli ; Unmanned Aerial System ; Orthophotos ; Digital Surface Model ; Wildfire ; Volcaniclastic debris flow ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Passive Sampler Derived Profiles and Mass Flows of Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFASs) across the Fram Strait in the North Atlantic (2024)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science & Technology Letters, American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Progetto per la misura, raccolta e trasmissione di dati di emissione radon per stazioni sismiche multiparametriche (2024)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-23
    Description: The seismic monitoring of the national territory and of the EuroMediterranean area makes use of the velocimetric, accelerometric and GPS (geodetic) data acquired by the stations of the National Seismic Network, by the RING Network and by the MedNet Network. As part of the FISR 2017 project “Integrated operating rooms and monitoring networks for the future: INGV 2.0” (2017), sensors capable of detecting both geophysical and geochemical parameters at the same time are being integrated. This technical report describes the integration of a Rn222 sensor (radon hereafter). Over the past few decades radon has found a variety of Earth Science applications, ranging from its use as a potential earthquake precursor and tectonic stress indicator to its specific role in volcanic environments, where significant changes in concentration previous or concomitant to eruptive crises are also induced by volcanic gases, CO 2 for example, which act as carriers accelerating the migration of radon through the earth’s crust and therefore its detection. In order to explore the possibility of a link between seismogenic processes and temporal variability of radon emissions, a permanent national network has been created, IRON (Italian Radon mOnitoring Network), which uses both commercial radon instruments, equipped with a proprietary system for data storage, transmission and consultation, and INGV sensors that need an interface to acquire and make data available remotely. A hardware and software interface has therefore been designed, built and tested capable of i) counting and storing the pulses in TTL format generated by the instrument which measures the 8 radon concentration in air, ii) being connected to a router for sending the acquired data to a server. A service (syncproc) was also created in PHP to query remote stations at regular intervals and collect the acquired data intended to populate a database created with MariaDB. An expressly created website allows to extract the stored data from the database and configure each installed sensor. The various software elements have been designed using open source resources.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3-18
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Radon ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Ionospheric equivalent slab thickness ingestion into the NeQuick model (2024)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-29
    Description: The ionospheric equivalent slab thickness (𝜏), defined as the ratio of the vertical total electron content (vTEC) to the ionospheric F2‑layer electron density maximum (NmF2), is a parameter providing useful information on the shape of the vertical electron density profile. However, the use of this information is of difficult practical application in empirical ionosphere models, such as the NeQuick, because by design they do not explicitly include 𝜏 as a modelling parameter. In this work, we investigated the opportunity of using measured 𝜏 values to improve the empirical modelling of the ionosphere vertical electron density profile by NeQuick. Measured 𝜏 values were obtained through NmF2 observations and vTEC measurements obtained between 2001 and 2019 by an ionosonde and a ground-based GNSS receiver, respectively, co‑located at Rome ionospheric station (41.8° N, 12.5° E; Italy). NeQuick 𝜏 was obtained as the ratio between modelled NmF2 and vTEC values, the latter calculated by integration of the vertical profile. As a first step, 𝜏 values modelled by NeQuick were compared with corresponding values measured at Rome station to highlight diurnal, seasonal, and solar activity differences. Then, measured 𝜏 values were ingested in NeQuick through a three-parameter assimilation procedure which first assimilates F2‑layer peak characteristics to constrain the F2‑layer anchor point, and then assimilates vTEC to optimize the F2‑layer shape through the NeQuick F2‑layer thickness parameter, namely B2bot. The assimilation procedure provides information on how the NeQuick B2bot has to be modified to match measured 𝜏 values, and then on how the shape of the F2‑layer profile has to be changed accordingly. Our results highlight that, in many cases, the NeQuick B2bot has to be increased to match observations, which has implications on the modelling of the NeQuick bottomside and topside effective scale heights.
    Description: Published
    Description: PA528
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Ionospheric equivalent slab thickness ; NeQuick model ; Ionosphere modelling ; Data assimilation ; Effective scale height ; 01.02. Ionosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Peeking inside the mantle structure beneath the Italian region through SKS shear wave splitting anisotropy: a review (2024)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Description: Over the years, seismic anisotropy characterization has become one of the most popular methods to study and understand the Earth’s deep structures. Starting from more than 20 years ago, considerable progress has been made to map the anisotropic structure beneath Italy and the Central Mediterranean area. In particular, several past and current international projects (such as RETREAT, CAT/SCAN, CIFALPS, CIFALPS-2, AlpArray) focused on retrieving the anisotropic structure beneath Italy and surrounding regions, promoting advances in the knowledge of geological and geodynamical setting of this intriguing area. All of these studies aimed at a better understanding the complex and active geodynamic evolution of both the active and remnant subduction systems characterising this region and the associated Apennines, Alps and Dinaric belts, together with the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian basins. The presence of dense high-quality seismic networks, permanently run by INGV and other institutions, and temporary seismic stations deployed in the framework of international projects, the improvements in data processing and the use of several and even more sophisticated methods proposed to quantify the anisotropy, allowed to collect a huge amount of anisotropic parameters. Here a collection of all measurements done on core refracted phases are shown and used as a measure of mantle deformation and interpreted into geodynamic models. Images of anisotropy identify well-developed mantle flows around the sinking European and Adriatic slabs, recognised by tomographic studies. Slab retreat and related mantle flow are interpreted as the main driving mechanism of the Central Mediterranean geodynamics.
    Description: Published
    Description: SE215
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic Anisotropy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    ESM processing tool users’ manual (2024)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Description: The behaviour of the ground surface and of structures subjected to earthquakes can be estimated analysing the accelerograms of seismic records. The ground motion is strongly dependent on several factors and the ability to record, characterize and extract the main features of waveforms is essential to better understand these dependencies. One of the most difficult steps of this analysis is the waveforms’ processing. Its purpose is the estimation and the removal of noise in the records, to evaluate reliable ground motion. In this framework a processing tool fully integrated within the Engineering Strong Motion (ESM) database was designed [Paolucci et al., 2011; Luzi et al., 2016]. In the last decade the number of waveforms is sharply increased and so is the time it takes to process them. To solve this issue a possible solution is to broaden the number of qualified people involved in the processing. The main aim of this tutorial is to teach the largest number of people how to use the ESM processing tool and to provide some important guidelines for the thresholds of the parameters to set. In the text a step by step processing routine is depicted with a description of the purpose for each parameter. In addition, a suite of explanatory examples with peculiar situations is given.
    Description: INGV | Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Milano Swiss Seismological Service at ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ORFEUS and Swiss Seismological Service at ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-34
    Description: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilitĂ  e impatto
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Comparative Analysis of Methods to Estimate Geodetic Strain Rates from GNSS Data in Italy (2024)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-19
    Description: Our ability to estimate surface deformation rates in the Central Mediterranean has considerably enhanced in the last decade thanks to the growth of continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) networks. Focusing on the Apennine/Alpine seismogenic belt, this area offers the opportunity to test the use of geodetic strain rates for constraining active tectonic processes and for seismic hazard assessments. Given the importance of geodetic strain rate models in modern hazard estimation approaches, however, one has to consider that different approaches can provide significantly different strain rate maps. Despite the increasing availability of GNSS velocity data, in fact, strain rate models can significantly differ, because of the spatial heterogeneity of GNSS station locations and inherent strategies in computing strain rates. Using a dense GNSS velocity dataset, this study examines three methods for estimating horizontal strain rates, described in the recent literature, and selected to represent approaches of increasing mathematical complexity. The advantages, drawbacks, and optimal settings of each method are discussed. The main result is an ensemble of strain rate models that enable the evaluation of epistemic uncertainties in seismicity rate models constrained by geodetic velocities.
    Description: Published
    Description: DM531
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Point clouds repeatability and fast scale factor estimates in free SfM surveying: terrestrial application and empirical approach (2024)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-11
    Description: Previous experiments highlighted the possible existence of a relation between repeatability of point clouds obtained from Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry (SfM), represented by the standard deviation (𝜎), and the nominal ground sampling distance (GSD). In particular, the empirical relation 3𝜎 ∼ 2.5 GSD was found. For this reason, in-situ tests aimed at studying this relation were carried out. Data from seven surveys carried out in 2018-2022 time span allowed the comparison between 20 pairs of almost contemporary point clouds, generated by means of relative bundle adjustment (BA) without ground control points (GCPs) and then relatively scaled and aligned. In this way, the relation 3𝜎 = aGSD was found, where a = 2.5 ± 0.4. This result also suggested the use of the reverse procedure, where the scale factor (SF) is estimated from the standard deviation of non-metric point clouds, 𝜎nmu, by using the relation SFa = aGSD/3𝜎nmu. Additional checks proved that SFa differs from SF by 3%. This error is not acceptable error for length, area or volume measurements, but the estimated SFa is more than adequate for a fast, rough registration of photogrammetric models aimed at searching patterns or precursors of incipient phenomena in impervious/inaccessible areas or in emergency conditions.
    Description: Published
    Description: RS529
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: SfM ; Relative bundle adjustment ; Scale factor ; Uncertainty modeling
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Sistema di sincronizzazione dei dati multiparametrici acquisiti dagli osservatori sottomarini cablati nella facility di EMSO Western Ionian Sea (2024)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: Il progetto PON-EMSO InSea (Initiatives in Supporting the consolidation and enhancement of the EMSO infrastructure and related Activities) si prefigge di potenziare l’infrastruttura sottomarina situata a largo di Catania e denominata Western Ionian Sea, la facility gestita da INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) e parte del Consorzio Europeo EMSO (European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory). Il progetto di potenziamento ha come obiettivo l’installazione permanente di diversi osservatori multiparametrici di fondo del mare, ad una profondità di circa 2000 metri, alimentati da un cavo elettro-ottico sottomarino connesso ad una stazione di terra presente nel porto di Catania e gestita in collaborazione con l’INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare). Attraverso il cavo elettro-ottico, la strumentazione sottomarina è parte di una rete ethernet che ha il compito di salvare i dati prodotti dagli osservatori, monitorare e controllare i parametri dell’infrastruttura sottomarina e gestire la temporizzazione di tutti gli strumenti. Questo rapporto tecnico descrive le caratteristiche costruttive e funzionali della scheda di sincronizzazione Syncboard v1.0 realizzata dall’INGV per distribuire la temporizzazione, fornita da un’antenna GPS installata presso la stazione di terra, a tutti gli strumenti installati sugli osservatori sottomarini.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3-20
    Description: OSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativa
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Osservatori multidisciplinari sottomarini ; Sincronizzazione ; Rete temporanea
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    Exist-fdsn-station user manual 1.0 (2024)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Description: Exist­-fdsn-­station is an open source software that implements the standard fdsnws/station web service, integrating the application into a native XML database containing seismic stations metadata in the StationXML file format. Through its HTTP Application Programming Interface, extended with the PUT method for writing, this software can be used as a RESTful microservice. The software is publicly available and licensed under a General Public License. This manual describes all the operational phases, from installation to distribution in a production environment, for using exist-­fdsn-­station to store a set of StationXML files and exposing them efficiently with a standard fdsnws/station webservice.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-28
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: FDSN Station webservice ; XML based database ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.02. Data dissemination
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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