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  • IntechOpen  (357)
  • American Physical Society
  • Cambridge University Press
  • 2020-2024  (363)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1945-1949
  • 2024  (363)
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  • 2020-2024  (363)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1945-1949
Year
  • 1
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    Reassessing the need for carbon dioxide removal: moral implications of alternative climate target pathways (2024)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-27
    Description: Non-technical summary Scenarios compatible with the Paris agreement's temperature goal of 1.5 °C involve carbon dioxide removal measures - measures that actively remove CO2 from the atmosphere - on a massive scale. Such large-scale implementations raise significant ethical problems. Van Vuuren et al. (2018), as well as the current IPCC scenarios, show that reduction in energy and or food demand could reduce the need for such activities. There is some reluctance to discuss such societal changes. However, we argue that policy measures enabling societal changes are not necessarily ethically problematic. Therefore, they should be discussed alongside techno-optimistic approaches in any kind of discussions about how to respond to climate change. Technical summary The 1.5 °C goal has given impetus to carbon dioxide removal (CDR) measures, such as bioenergy combined with carbon capture and storage, or afforestation. However, land-based CDR options compete with food production and biodiversity protection. Van Vuuren et al. (2018) looked at alternative pathways including lifestyle changes, low-population projections, or non-CO2 greenhouse gas mitigation, to reach the 1.5 °C temperature objective. Underlined by the recently published IPCC AR6 WGIII report, they show that demand-side management measures are likely to reduce the need for CDR. Yet, policy measures entailed in these scenarios could be associated with ethical problems themselves. In this paper, we therefore investigate ethical implications of four alternative pathways as proposed by Van Vuuren et al. (2018). We find that emission reduction options such as lifestyle changes and reducing population, which are typically perceived as ethically problematic, might be less so on further inspection. In contrast, options associated with less societal transformation and more techno-optimistic approaches turn out to be in need of further scrutiny. The vast majority of emission reduction options considered are not intrinsically ethically problematic; rather everything rests on the precise implementation. Explicitly addressing ethical considerations when developing, advancing, and using integrated assessment scenarios could reignite debates about previously overlooked topics and thereby support necessary societal discourse. Social media summary Policy measures enabling societal changes are not necessarily as ethically problematic as commonly presumed and reduce the need for large-scale CDR
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Holocene relative sea-level changes along the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of northwestern South America (2024)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: All Rights Reserved
    Description: Predicting coastal change depends upon our knowledge of postglacial relative sea-level variability, partly controlled by glacio-isostatic responses to ice-sheet melting. Here, we reconstruct the postglacial relative sea-level changes along the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of northwestern South America by numerically solving the sea-level equation with two scenarios of mantle viscosity: global standard average and high viscosity. Our results with the standard model (applicable to the Pacific coast) agree with earlier studies by indicating a mid-Northgrippian high stand of ~2 m. The high-viscosity simulation (relevant to the Caribbean coast) shows that the transition from far- to intermediate-field influence of the Laurentide Ice Sheet occurs between Manzanillo del Mar and the Gulf of Morrosquillo. South of this location, the Colombian Caribbean coast has exhibited a still stand with a nearly constant Holocene relative sea level. By analyzing our simulations considering sea-level indicators, we argue that tectonics is more prominent than previously assumed, especially along the Caribbean coast. This influence prevents a simplified view of regional relative sea-level changes on the northwestern South American coast.
    Description: Published
    Description: 28-43
    Description: OSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativa
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    High-resolution magnetochronology detects multiple stages of Pleistocene tectonic uplift and deformation in the Po Plain of northern Italy (2024)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-29
    Description: We developed a high-resolution magnetochronology of the Pleistocene stratigraphy of the Monte Netto hillock, a tectonically uplifted struc ture in the Po Plain of northern Italy. Our data allowed reconstructing the depositional age of the sequence and assessing rates of defor mation and rock uplift of the neotectonic structure, thus providing constraints on the tectono-sedimentary evolution of this seismically active part of the buried Southern Alps. Using a combination of magnetostratigraphy and paleosecular variation analysis, we generated an age-depth model for the Monte Netto stratigraphy that encompasses, from the top, Upper Pleistocene (11–72 ka) loess-paleosols over laying fluvial sediments spanning the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary (773 ka) and the top of the Jaramillo (990 ka). The identification of the same magneto-chronostratigraphic surfaces in nearby drill cores from regions of the Po Plain that have not been affected by neotectonic deformation allowed estimating a mean rate of tectonic uplift of the hillock relative to the neighboring plain of 11.3 ± 1.5 cm/ka, and an absolute uplift relative to sea level of ∼19.3 cm/ka. Finally, our paleomagnetic analyses from the uppermost loess sequence disclosed the complexity of the tectonic evolution of the Monte Netto structure, which shows evidence of a two-phase rotational deformation linked to coseismic surface faulting due to recent seismic activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 191-205
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Magnetochronology ; Pleistocene ; Paleosecular variations ; Loess-paleosols ; Neotectonic deformation ; Po Plain
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Linking the Langevin equation to scaling properties of space plasma turbulence at sub-ion scales (2024)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-30
    Description: Current understanding of the kinetic-scale turbulence in weakly collisional plasmas still remains elusive. We employ a general framework in which the turbulent energy transfer is envisioned as a scale-to-scale Langevin process. Fluctuations in the sub-ion range show a global scale invariance, thus suggesting a homogeneous energy repartition. In this Letter, we interpret such a feature by linking the drift term of the Langevin equation to scaling properties of fluctuations. Theoretical expectations are verified on solar wind observations and numerical simulations, thus giving relevance to the proposed framework for understanding kinetic-scale turbulence in space plasmas.
    Description: Published
    Description: L042014
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Computational Semantics (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book analyzes the application of computer science and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in the semantics’ analysis for linguistics, classical studies, and philosophy. Similar techniques can be implemented to incorporate the fields of education, psychology, humanities, law, maritime, data science and business intelligence. The book is suitable for the broader audience interested in the emerging scientific field of formal and Natural Language Processing (NLP). The significance of incorporating all aspects of logic design right at the beginning of the creation of a new NLP system is emphasized and analyzed throughout the book. NLP and AI systems offer an unprecedented set of virtues to society. However, the principles of ethical logic design and operation of primitive to deep learning NLP products must be considered in the future, even via the preparation of legislation if needed. As law applications are already taking advantage of the techniques mentioned, the manufacturers should apply the laws and the possible knowledge development of the NLP products could even be monitored after sales. This will minimize the drawbacks of implementing such intelligent technological solutions. NLP systems are a digital representation of ourselves and may even interact with each other in the future. Learning from them is also a way to improve ourselves.
    Keywords: deep learning ; neural network ; regression ; cryptography ; predictive maintenance ; information security ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQL Natural language and machine translation
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    New Discoveries in the Ripening Processes (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Food ripening sweetens foods such as fruits and makes them tastier, more aromatic, and more nutritious. To achieve the beneficial results of food ripening in a controlled manner, agronomic engineers, food industry engineers, and scientists use state-of-the-art technologies. This book, New Discoveries in the Ripening Processes, presents a comprehensive overview of the food ripening process. It is organized into seven chapters that address discoveries in the ripening of fruits, plants, enzymes, and much more.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVS Commercial horticulture
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Shifting Frontiers of Theobroma Cacao (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is a sacred tree and noble resource from South America. The Mayans and other early civilizations in Central America used cacao beans as tokens, which were subsequently transported to Europe to nurture monarchies and elites. Based on the discovery of cacao’s commercial potential and attributes, new cocoa plantations were established in other parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. Thus, cocoa has become an important cash crop in Africa, Central and South America, and Asia, where it is a major foreign exchange earner, industrial raw material, support for livelihood, and ecosystem services provision. Based on its global importance, there has been an increased need for the expansion of cultivation to meet the rising demand for cacao beans. Global environmental change, including climate change, variability, and weather extremes, has established new environmental boundaries with implications for area suitability for cocoa production and sustainability. Efforts to unlock the potentials of the established environmental boundaries may be built on the development and adoption of agrotechnological practices and integration of climate resilience for harnessing opportunities and potentials of the new environment, and thus, extension of the frontiers of cacao cultivation to meet the increasing global demand for cocoa beans. This book, “Shifting Frontiers of Theobroma Cacao - Opportunities and Challenges for Production” presents a comprehensive perspective of the interactions of changing environmental conditions, cocoa production, and sustainability. The book illuminates the challenges climate change presents for cocoa production and sustainability. It provides insights into the need for cocoa actors within the cocoa sector to strengthen climate mitigation and resilience building and to come to grips with the realities, magnitude, and inevitable persistence of climate challenges to cocoa production and sustainability.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVK Agronomy and crop production
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Information Security and Privacy in the Digital World (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: In the era of generative artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT) and while there is explosive growth in the volume of data and the associated need for processing, analysis, and storage, several new challenges have arisen in identifying spurious and fake information and protecting the privacy of sensitive data. This has led to an increasing demand for more robust and resilient schemes for authentication, integrity protection, encryption, non-repudiation, and privacy preservation of data. This book presents some of the state-of-the-art research in the field of cryptography and security in computing and communications. It is a useful resource for researchers, engineers, practitioners, and graduate and doctoral students in the field of cryptography, network security, data privacy issues, and machine learning applications in the security and privacy in the context of the IoT.
    Keywords: image watermarking ; blockchain ; convolutional neural network ; watermarking ; text analysis ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UR Computer security::URD Privacy and data protection
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Urban Horticulture (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The Edited Volume Urban Horticulture - Sustainable Gardening in Cities is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of urban horticulture. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the horticulture research area. All chapters are complete in themselves but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors on urban horticulture and sustainable gardening in cities, and open new possible research paths for further novel developments.
    Keywords: Fruit ; Vegetable ; Ornamental ; Soil ; Compost ; Irrigation ; Air Plants ; Hydroponic ; Terrarium ; Living Wall ; Vertical-Horizontal ; Water Management ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVS Commercial horticulture
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Reimagining Education (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Education stakeholders are at a crossroads where teaching and learning paths intersect with technologies fueled by emerging artificial intelligence. Educators who observe the residual effects of a global pandemic are left to wonder what creative technology solutions that sustain teaching and learning amidst mutating contagions should be retained, abandoned, or re-imagined to create sustainable pedagogy practices. In this book about e-learning, invited authors analyze the impacts of overarching issues facing educators across the globe to rethink how they deliver content and assess students' learning. A global community of scholars and researchers contributed twenty chapters to examine artificial intelligence, alternative assessments, education policy, creative technology, creative lesson plans, and emerging workforce trends to foster emerging paradigms in the post-pandemic era.
    Keywords: ChatGPT ; Universal Design for Learning ; Alternative Assessments ; Creative Lesson Plans ; Non-biological Intelligence ; Emerging Workforce Trends ; Education Policy ; Emotional Intelligence ; Hyflex Course Design ; Post-pandemic ; Creative Technology ; Student-Choice ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics
    Language: English
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