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  • 04.08. Volcanology  (17)
  • 04.06. Seismology  (13)
  • Creep observations and analysis
  • Software Engineering
  • Triticum aestivum
  • Elsevier  (12)
  • MDPI  (8)
  • Nature PG  (4)
  • Springer  (3)
  • Wiley  (2)
  • EGU - Copernicus
  • Wiley-AGU
  • 2020-2024  (29)
  • 2015-2019
  • 2024  (29)
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  • 2020-2024  (29)
  • 2015-2019
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  • 1
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    CSES-01 Electron Density Background Characterisation and Preliminary Investigation of Possible Ne Increase before Global Seismicity (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-08
    Beschreibung: In this paper, we provide a characterisation of the ionosphere from April 2018 to September 2022 for 48 investigated months. We used the data of the China Seismo Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01), which is a sun-synchronous satellite with five days of revisit time and fixed local time of about 2 a.m. and 2 p.m. The unique orbit of CSES-01 permitted us to produce a monthly background of the ionosphere for night- and daytime with median values acquired during geomagnetic quiet time in equatorial and mid-latitude regions (i.e., between 50° S and 50° N of geographical latitude). We compared the obtained CSES-01 monthly median values with the solar activity in terms of sunspot numbers, and we found a high correlation of 0.89 for nighttime and 0.85 for daytime between the mean sunspot number and the maximum of the characterised CSES-01 Ne map values. In addition, we extracted all the anomalous positive increases in CSES-01 electron density and compared them with the Worldwide M5.5+ shallow earthquakes. We tested two different definitions of anomaly based on median and interquartile range or (mild) outliers. We tried two relationships between anomalies inside Dobrovolsky’s area before the earthquake and the magnitude of the same seismic events: one which considers distance in space and time and a second which only uses the anticipation time of the anomaly before the earthquake. Using both anomaly definitions, we searched the best coefficients for these two laws for mid-latitude and equational regions. We found that the best coefficients are independent of the anomaly definition, but better accuracy (greater than 80%) is obtained for the outlier definition. Finally, using receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we show that CSES-01 increases seem statistically correlated to the incoming seismic activity.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1527
    Beschreibung: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Beschreibung: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): CSES ; electron density ; earthquake ; ionosphere ; satellite background ; 01.02. Ionosphere ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.07. Space and Planetary sciences
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 2
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    Regulation of deep carbon degassing by gas-rock-water interactions in a seismic region of Southern Italy (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-08
    Beschreibung: This study is focused on fluids characterization and circulations through the crust of the Irpinia region, an active seismic zone in Southern Italy, that has experienced several high-magnitude earthquakes, including a catastrophic one in 1980 (M = 6.9 Ms). Using isotopic geochemistry and the carbon‑helium system in free and dissolved volatiles in water, this study aims to explore the processes at depth that can alter pristine chemistry of these natural fluids. Gas-rock-water interactions and their impact on CO2 emissions and isotopic composition are evaluated using a multidisciplinary model that integrates geochemistry and regional geological data. By analyzing the He isotopic signature in the natural fluids, the release of mantle-derived He on a regional scale in Southern Italy is verified, along with significant emissions of deep-sourced CO2. The proposed model, supported by geological and geophysical constraints, is based on the interactions between gas, rock, and water within the crust and the degassing of deep-sourced CO2. Furthermore, this study reveals that the Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (TDIC) in cold waters results from mixing between a shallow and a deeper carbon endmember that is equilibrated with carbonate lithology. In addition, the geochemical signature of TDIC in thermal carbon-rich water is explained by supplementary secondary processes, including equilibrium fractionation between solid, gas, and aqueous phases, as well as sinks such as mineral precipitation and CO2 degassing. These findings have important implications for developing effective monitoring strategies for crustal fluids in different geological contexts and highlight the critical need to understand gas-water-rock interaction processes that control fluid chemistry at depths that can affect the assessment of the CO2 flux in atmosphere. Finally, this study highlights that the emissions of natural CO2 from the seismically active Irpinia area are up to 4.08·10+9 mol·y-1, which amounts is in the range of worldwide volcanic systems.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 165367
    Beschreibung: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Beschreibung: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): CO(2) output; Carbon isotopes; Degassing; Earthquakes; Noble gases; Precipitation ; 04.04 Solid Earth ; 01.01. Atmosphere ; 03.01. General ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 3
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    Nature and origin of an undetected seismic phase in waveforms from Southern Tyrrhenian (Italy) intermediate-depth and deep earthquakes: First evidence for the phase-A in the subducted Uppermost Lithospheric Mantle? (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-17
    Beschreibung: We have found a previously unreported later seismic phase in seismograms of European seismic stations from intermediate-depth and deep earthquakes of the Southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone. We observe this phase at stations from 6 to 9◦ from the epicentre, towards north. Only seismograms of earthquakes located in a welldefined region of the slab, in the depth range of 215–320 km, show the later x-phase. In this work, we describe the nature and possible origin of this phase, and we provide a simple 2D model to explain the observed arrival times. Our analyses reveal that the x-phase propagates downward in a high velocity layer, possibly located within the deepest part of the slab. We suggest that this layer reveals the presence of the dense hydrous magnesium silicate phase A, introduced from petrological laboratory experiments, inferred to carry water in the upper mantle and predicted to be found in cold subduction zones.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 229919
    Beschreibung: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone ; Mineral phase A ; Intermediate and deep seismicity ; Waveforms analyses ; Later seismic arrival/phase ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 4
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    Benchmarking a new 2.5D shallow water model for lava flows (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-26
    Beschreibung: Lava flows associated with effusive volcanic eruptions require accurate modelling in order to forecast potential paths of destruction. This study presents a new depth-averaged model that overcomes the classical shallow water hypothesis by incorporating several enhancements, allowing for a more precise representation of the flow dynamics and behaviour: (i) a parabolic profile which captures the vertical variations in velocity within the flow; (ii) a non-constant vertical profile for temperature, enabling a more realistic representation of thermal gradients within the flowing lava; (iii) a viscoplastic temperature-dependent viscosity model to account for the non-Newtonian behaviour of lava; (iv) a transport equation for temperature accounting for the thermal heat exchanges with the environment and the soil. The first two modifications allow us to describe, under reasonable assumptions, the vertical structure of the flow, and for this reason, we put our model in the class of 2.5D models. To assess the performance of our modified model, comprehensive benchmark tests are conducted using both laboratory experiments and real-world lava flow data related to the 2014–2015 Pico do Fogo, Cape Verde, effusive eruption. The benchmarking analysis demonstrates that this model accurately reproduces, with short execution times, essential flow features such as flow front advancement and cooling processes.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 107935
    Beschreibung: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Lava flows ; numerical model ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 5
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    Experimental insights on the shear-induced crystallization of a phonotephrite magma (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-20
    Beschreibung: In active volcanic environments magmas that ascend within the conduit and erupt at the surface as lava flows experience physico-chemical perturbations related to temperature changes and variable degrees of deformation. We have conducted experimental investigations to examine the concurrent effects of undercooling and stirring on the crystallization kinetics of a leucite-bearing phonotephrite from Somma-Vesuvius (Italy). Two sets of undercooling experiments have been carried out within the same temperature range of 1300–1150 °C. The first set involved classical static undercooling (SU) experiments with no stirring applied to the melt, while the second set involved dynamic undercooling (DU) experiments with a shear strain rate of 1 s−1 applied. By comparing SU and DU results with previous data from literature obtained using the same experimental approach, we observe that the degree of crystallization and the textural evolution of leucite and clinopyroxene progress upon the effect of melt stirring by shortening the incubation time. As a result, the solidification process is markedly enhanced in DU experiments, accompanied by a substantial increase in the crystal nucleation density and growth rate. Thermorheological modeling indicates that stirring-induced crystallization increases the melt viscosity by a factor of ∼1.5–4.5 depending on the system temperature. At a given temperature, mass transport can therefore produce higher crystallinity and higher viscosity magmatic suspensions than static crystallization conditions. We document that if subsequent cooling occurs, the existing crystal cargo in such suspensions may promote the onset of non-Newtonian rheological response, causing a transition from homogeneous viscous flow to shear localization and magma/lava rupture.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 121682
    Beschreibung: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): crystallization ; shear rate ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 6
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    Tracing Magma Migration at Mt. Etna Volcano during 2006–2020, Coupling Remote Sensing of Crater Gas Emissions and Ground Measurement of Soil Gases (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-29
    Beschreibung: The geochemical monitoring of volcanic activity today relies largely on remote sensing, but the combination of this approach together with soil gas monitoring, using the appropriate parameters, is still not widely used. The main purpose of this study was to correlate data from crater gas emissions with flank emissions of soil gases at Mt. Etna volcano from June 2006 to December 2020. Crater SO2 fluxes were measured from fixed stations around the volcano using the DOAS technique and applying a modeled clear-sky spectrum. The SO2/HCl ratio in the crater plume was measured with the OP-FTIR technique from a transportable instrument, using the sun as an IR source. Soil CO2 efflux coupled with the 220Rn/222Rn activity ratio in soil gases (named SGDI) were measured at a fixed monitoring site on the east flank of Etna. All signals acquired were subject both to spectral analysis and to filtering of the periodic signals discovered. All filtered signals revealed changes that were nicely correlated both with other geophysical signals and with volcanic eruptions during the study period. Time lags between parameters were explained in terms of different modes of magma migration and storage inside the volcano before eruptions. A comprehensive dynamic degassing model is presented that allows for a better understanding of magma dynamics in an open-conduit volcano.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1122
    Beschreibung: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Mt. Etna crater ; SO2 flux ; halogen fluxes ; soil radon ; soil CO2 flux ; eruptive activity ; magma degassing ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 7
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    A review of plagioclase growth rate and compositional evolution in mafic alkaline magmas: Guidelines for thermometry, hygrometry, and timescales of magma dynamics at Stromboli and Mt. Etna (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-26
    Beschreibung: Mafic alkaline magmas, such as those feeding the persistent eruptive activity of Stromboli and Mt. Etna volcanoes in Italy, are dominated by the crystallization of plagioclase via cooling and degassing phenomena related to the dynamics of shallow crustal reservoirs and eruptive conduits. Because plagioclase textures and compositions are extremely sensitive to the changes of intensive variables in subvolcanic plumbing systems, the phenomenological variability of erupted crystals preserves detailed evidence of complex growth histories. From this point of view, we reappraise the textural maturation and compositional complexity of plagioclase by allying thermodynamic and kinetic principles to natural and experimental observations, with the purpose of drawing up guidelines for reconstructing magma dynamics in mafic alkaline volcanic settings. A multifaceted statistical method is adopted to parameterize the decay of crystal growth rate with increasing crystallization time, as relaxation kinetics prevails over melt supersaturation effects. This model parameterization is combined with the textural analysis of natural plagioclase crystals to quantify the residence time of phenocrysts in equilibrium with magmas at Stromboli and Mt. Etna and/or the timescale of rapid microlite growth during disequilibrium ascent of magmas within the conduit. The role played by temperature and melt-water content on plagioclase components and major cation substitution mechanisms is also evaluated under both isobaric-isothermal and decompression conditions. The emerging paradigm is that the influence of dissolved water on anorthite-albite exchange between plagioclase and melt is overwhelmingly mitigated by changes in temperature at conditions of P = 30–300 MPa, T = 1050–1150 °C, fO2 = NNO + 1.9-NNO + 2.3, and melt-H2O = 0.6–4.4 wt%. As a corollary, anorthite and albite melt activities are almost fully encapsulated in the variation of anhydrous melt components as the crystallization of plagioclase proceeds during magma cooling. Following this line of reasoning, we propose an integrated modeling approach to decipher complex zoning patterns in natural plagioclase phenocrysts from mafic alkaline eruptions. Key findings from our re-assessment of equilibrium, thermometric, and hygrometric models indicate that temperature and dissolved water can be iteratively estimated for different plagioclase textural patterns if crystals are sufficiently strongly zoned and probability-based criteria are applied to determine the maximum probability distribution from kernel density analysis.
    Beschreibung: Natural Environment research Council UK grant NE/T009292/1; INGV Progetti Ricerca Libera 2019 Grant #52/2020; INGV Departmental Strategic Project UNO; PRIN MIUR Grant #2017J277S9_004.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 104399
    Beschreibung: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Mafic alkaline magmas ; Plagioclase growth rate parameterization ; Plagioclase-based thermometry and hygrometry ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 8
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    A Cloud-IoT Architecture for Latency-Aware Localization in Earthquake Early Warning (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: An effective earthquake early warning system requires rapid and reliable earthquake source detection. Despite the numerous proposed epicenter localization solutions in recent years, their utilization within the Internet of Things (IoT) framework and integration with IoT-oriented cloud platforms remain underexplored. This paper proposes a complete IoT architecture for earthquake detection, localization, and event notification. The architecture, which has been designed, deployed, and tested on a standard cloud platform, introduces an innovative approach by implementing P-wave "picking" directly on IoT devices, deviating from traditional regional earthquake early warning (EEW) approaches. Pick association, source localization, event declaration, and user notification functionalities are also deployed on the cloud. The cloud integration simplifies the integration of other services in the architecture, such as data storage and device management. Moreover, a localization algorithm based on the hyperbola method is proposed, but here, the time difference of arrival multilateration is applied that is often used in wireless sensor network applications. The results show that the proposed end-to-end architecture is able to provide a quick estimate of the earthquake epicenter location with acceptable errors for an EEW system scenario. Rigorous testing against the standard of reference in Italy for regional EEW showed an overall 3.39 s gain in the system localization speed, thus offering a tangible metric of the efficiency and potential proposed system as an EEW solution.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 8431
    Beschreibung: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Internet of Things ; cloud computing ; early warning systems ; earthquake localization ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 9
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    Seismic anisotropy to investigate lithospheric-scale tectonic structures and mantle dynamics in southern Italy (2024)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Subduction zones may be characterised by deep-seated tectonic structures whose effects propagate to the upper plate through faulting and magmatism. The overall geodynamic framework, as well as the roots of the many active faults affecting such regions, can be investigated by the study of the upper mantle anisotropic patterns, through the analysis of core-transiting teleseismic phases. Here, we discuss the results of XKS waves splitting observed in the central Mediterranean, particularly in southern Italy, which is characterised by the Adriatic-Ionian subduction system. Azimuths of polarisation of the fast wave (fast directions) were found to be generally trench-parallel, as an effect of the subducting slab, albeit a change to a perpendicular direction, in central Italy and Sicily, suggests discontinuities in the structure of the slab itself. However, while in central Italy a gradual rotation of fast directions points to a toroidal upper mantle flow through a tear in the Apenninic slab, in central-eastern Sicily, the splitting parameters show an abrupt change that matches well with the main crustal tectonic structures. There, the rapid trench migration, taking place at the transition between the subduction and continental collision domains, produced a rather complex Subduction Transform Edge Propagator fault system. The sharp variation in the pattern of the upper mantle anisotropy marks the main element of such a fault system and suggests its primary role in the segmentation process of the collisional margin. Our findings further show that the study of seismic anisotropy may be fundamental in investigating whether tectonic structures only involve the crust or extend down to the upper mantle.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 20932
    Beschreibung: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Seismic Anisotropy ; Southern Itlay ; XKS waves splitting ; Active Subduction Systems ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 10
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    The micro‐seismicity of Co. Donegal (Ireland): Defining baseline seismicity in a region of slow lithospheric deformation (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: A catalogue of precisely located micro-seismicity is fundamental for investigating seismicity and rock physical properties in active tectonic and volcanic regions and for the definition of a ‘baseline’ seismicity, required for a safe future exploitation of georesource areas. In this study, we produce the first manually revised catalogue of micro-seismicity for Co. Donegal region (Ireland), an area of about 50K M2 of on-going deformation, aimed at localizing natural micro-seismic events occurred between 2012 and 2015. We develop a stochastic method based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) sampling approach to compute earthquake hypocentral location parameters. Our results indicates that micro-seismicity is present with magnitudes lower than 2 (the highest magnitude is 2.8).The recorded seismicity is almost clustered along previously mapped NE-SW trending, steeply dipping faults and confined within the upper crust (focal depth less than 10 km). We also recorded anthropogenic seismicity mostly related to quarries' activity in the study area.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 62-76
    Beschreibung: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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