ALBERT

Description: Samples were collected between 03/26/2018 and 04/27/2018 around the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula (63° 0' 1.843'' S, 60° 0' 16.901''W) onboard the RV Polarstern during the PS112 campaign in order to identify the elemental composition and stoichiometry of the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and salps (Salpa thompsoni). The sampling stations were situated in the survey grid of the Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program (AMLR). At the time of sampling, the study area was ice free and ambient Chlorophyll a levels were comparable to previous studies in this time frame (e.g. Schofield et al., 2017). The phytoplankton community was dominated by dinoflagellates, diatoms and prymnesiophytes, which is typical for autumn (March–May) around the NAP (Pauli et al., 2021). Krill and salps were sampled by using the 1.8 m² Isaacs-Kidd Midwater Trawl Net (IKMT) equipped with a 505 μm mesh which is suitable to collect both salps and krill in good condition. The net was towed obliquely to 170 m, or 20 m from the bottom, at a speed of 2 kts. From these tows, we collected 162 adult krill and 121 blastozooid salp individuals on board of which we analyzed 140 krill and 108 salp samples for their elemental content (total organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus). Size in mm (using graph paper, Seibert publisher) and stage of krill and salp individuals were determined on board before further processing. For size measurements of S. thompsoni, we used the oral atrial length. Total length of Antarctic krill was measured from the anterior margin of the eye to the tip of the telson, excluding the terminal spine. Prior to the elemental analysis, the digestive system of krill and salps was removed to avoid contamination of the tissue elemental composition by the elemental signature of the gut content. Salp individuals were immediately dissected on board after size measurements and frozen at -20 °C. Krill individuals were frozen on board and dissected later in the lab. Frozen krill and salp individuals were individually ground prior to the analyses using a pebble mill and homogenized with distilled water. Homogenization enabled us to take sub-samples of single individuals to analyze the total carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus composition of the same specimen. For C/N analysis, 3 x 250 µl of the homogenate were transferred into pre-weighed tin capsules while the rest of the homogenized tissue was equally distributed into three pre-weighed glass tubes for phosphorus analysis. Tissue samples were dried at 70 °C for three weeks prior to analysis to minimize the effect of residual water bound in collagen. After drying, we measured the dry weight (DW) of all samples to obtain total individual DW for each specimen by using a high-resolution balance (Mettler Toledo, XP-26). The determination of dry weight in gelatinous zooplankton can be challenging, as DW may be overestimated due to residual water and salt. The DW measurements were therefore corrected for water content assuming that 13.5 % of the DW was residual water (Madin et al., 1981). his correction factor is based on previous calculations for residual water in salp body tissue. This conversion was only applied to our field data of S. thompsoni. The DW of E. superba was not corrected since crustacean zooplankton contains considerably less residual water in its tissue. Since the DW was not corrected for potential remaining salt the elemental content per DW of S. thompsoni should be considered as conservative. After drying, all C/N samples were sealed and analyzed using a CHN analyzer (Thermo, Flash EA 1112). The phosphorus samples were combusted at 450 °C for 5 hours and the ash-free dry weight (AFDW) was measured. Particulate organic phosphorus (POP) was measured photometrically by molybdate reaction after sulfuric acid and heat digestion at 90 °C, modified after (Grasshoff et al., 2009).

Description: Underway chlorophyll-a and turbidity data were acquired during the SO287-CONNECT cruise on board the German Research Vessel SONNE. A detailed report describes the processing procedures, including scientific visualization and tabulation of the datasets. The SO287-CONNECT oceanographic campaign aimed to cross the North Atlantic Ocean from Las Palmas (Gran Canaria, Spain) to Guayaquil (Ecuador, in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean) between 11 December 2021 and 11 January 2022.

Description: To choose the treatment temperatures for an indoor mesocosm temperature experiment at the ICBM in Wilhelmshaven (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.961155), a thermal performance curve assay was performed from the 8th of March until the 16th of March. It was started one day after filling the mesocosms with seawater from Helgoland Roads (https://deims.org/1e96ef9b-0915-4661-849f-b3a72f5aa9b1) by randomly spreading pooled sample water in 50 ml culture flasks across ten temperatures (3 °C to 30 °C in 3 °C steps) in triplicates. Their fluorescence (395/680 Excitation/Emission) was measured daily using a SYNERGY H1 microplate reader (BioTek, Winooski, Vermont, USA).

Description: This dataset contains one snow covered digital elevation model (DEM) and one snow depth product from April 10, 2019 over the Trail Valley Creek research watershed, Northwest Territories, Canada (68°44'25 N, 133°29'36 W). The products are derived from airborne laser scanner data that was collected with a Riegl VQ-580 on board the Alfred Wegener Institute's POLAR-6 science aircraft. The snow covered DEM contains the snow covered landscape elevations, i.e. the terrain and the snow. To obtain snow depth, a snow-free digital terrain model (DTM) needs to be subtracted from the snow covered DEM. We also provide a snow depth product, which we obtained by subtracting snow-free DTMs of Trail Valley Creek and the Inuvik to Tuktoyaktuk Highway (ITH) (both from August 2018) from the DEM including snow cover. Please note that the snow depth product covers only parts of the complete snow covered DEM. The data can be used for analysing spatial snow accumulation patterns.

Description: Raw data acquired by a thermosalinograph (SBE21, SeaBird GmbH) on board RV HEINCKE were processed to receive a calibrated and validated data set of seawater temperature and salinity. Data were downloaded from DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.awi.de) with a resolution of 1 sec. The SBE21 was equipped with an additional external temperature sensor (SBE38, Sea-Bird GmbH). Raw data are converted to temperature and conductivity values using the calibration coefficients from the calibration before deployment. However, data can only be finally processed after replacement and renewed calibration because correction values for the sensor drift can only be obtained by the post cruise calibration. The thermosalinograph on board RV HEINCKE is exchanged about once a year and calibration procedures are conducted after every exchange. Salinity was calculated according to the instructions from the Practical Salinity Scale PSS-78 using the obtained internal temperature and conductivity data. Processed data are provided as 1min means of salinity and seawater temperature aligned with position data taken from master track of the respective cruise. Quality flags are appended according to the SeaDataNet Data Quality Control Procedures (version from May 2010).

Description: The data show the normalized stacked records of Artemisia and xerophytes from the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco for the last 5000 cal yrs BP. The stack of Artemisia is based on the 100 fossil pollen records, whereas the stack of Xerophytes is based on 107 records. Both Artemisia and Xerophyte stacks also include the 15-point and 45-point moving averages.

Description: The meteorological observatory Neumayer continuously acquires meteorological parameters. Measurements are taken on or near the meteorological 10m-mast, located some 300m south-east of the main station building. Co-located there are BSRN (Baseline Surface Radiation Network) measurements taken. The measurement interval of the raw data is approximately 6s. Data is quality controlled: All measurements are checked daily on site and again prior to publication according to BSRN standards. Knowingly affected or erroneous data is removed.

Description: The meteorological observatory Neumayer continuously acquires meteorological parameters. Measurements are taken on or near the meteorological 10m-mast, located some 300m south-east of the main station building. Co-located there are BSRN (Baseline Surface Radiation Network) measurements taken. The measurement interval of the raw data is approximately 6s. Data is quality controlled: All measurements are checked daily on site and again prior to publication according to BSRN standards. Knowingly affected or erroneous data is removed.

Description: The meteorological observatory Neumayer continuously acquires meteorological parameters. Measurements are taken on or near the meteorological 10m-mast, located some 300m south-east of the main station building. Co-located there are BSRN (Baseline Surface Radiation Network) measurements taken. The measurement interval of the raw data is approximately 6s. Data is quality controlled: All measurements are checked daily on site and again prior to publication according to BSRN standards. Knowingly affected or erroneous data is removed.

Description: The meteorological observatory Neumayer continuously acquires meteorological parameters. Measurements are taken on or near the meteorological 10m-mast, located some 300m south-east of the main station building. Co-located there are BSRN (Baseline Surface Radiation Network) measurements taken. The measurement interval of the raw data is approximately 6s. Data is quality controlled: All measurements are checked daily on site and again prior to publication according to BSRN standards. Knowingly affected or erroneous data is removed.