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  • Articles  (7)
  • 04.08. Volcanology  (4)
  • Site effects  (2)
  • Topographic effects
  • Springer  (6)
  • American Meteorological Society  (1)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Springer Nature
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 2020-2024  (7)
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  • 2020-2022
  • 2015-2019
  • 1960-1964
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  • 2023  (7)
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  • Articles  (7)
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  • 2020-2024  (7)
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  • 1
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    CRISP: an archive for the site characterization of permanent Italian seismic stations (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-11
    Description: Set of data and metadata that characterize a site hosting a seismic station
    Description: In this paper we describe an advanced database for the site characterization of seismic stations, named “CRISP—Caratterizzazione della RIsposta sismica dei Siti Permanenti della rete sismica” (http:// crisp. ingv. it, quoted with https:// doi. org/ 10. 13127/ crisp), designed for the Italian National Seismic Network (Rete Sismica Nazionale, RSN, operated by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia). For each site, CRISP collects easily accessible station information, such as position, type(s) of instrumentation, instrument housing, thematic map(s) and descriptive attributes (e.g., geological characteristics, etc.), seismic analysis of recordings, and available geophysical investigations (shear-wave velocity [VS] profile, non-linear decay curve). The archive also provides key proxy indicators derived from the available data, such as the time-averaged shear-wave velocity of the upper 30 m from the surface ( VS30) and site and topographic classes according to the different seismic codes. Standardized procedures have been applied as motivated by the need for a homogenous set of information for all the stations. According to European Plate Observing System infrastructural objectives for the standardization of seismological data, CRISP is integrated into pre-existing INGV instrument infrastructures, shares content with the Italian Accelerometric Archive, and complies map information about the stations, as well as local geology, through web services managed by Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale. The design of the CRISP archive allows the database to be continually updated and expanded whenever new data are available from the scientific community, such as the ones related to new seismic stations, map information, geophysical surveys, and seismological analyses.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2415 - 2439
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Site effects ; Site characterization ; Permanent seismic station ; Italian National Seismic Network ; Database ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Dynamics of eddying abyssal mixing layers over sloping rough topography (2023)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-28
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2022. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Physical Oceanography 52(12),(2022): 3199-3219, https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-22-0009.1.
    Description: The abyssal overturning circulation is thought to be primarily driven by small-scale turbulent mixing. Diagnosed water-mass transformations are dominated by rough topography “hotspots,” where the bottom enhancement of mixing causes the diffusive buoyancy flux to diverge, driving widespread downwelling in the interior—only to be overwhelmed by an even stronger upwelling in a thin bottom boundary layer (BBL). These water-mass transformations are significantly underestimated by one-dimensional (1D) sloping boundary layer solutions, suggesting the importance of three-dimensional physics. Here, we use a hierarchy of models to generalize this 1D boundary layer approach to three-dimensional eddying flows over realistically rough topography. When applied to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the Brazil Basin, the idealized simulation results are roughly consistent with available observations. Integral buoyancy budgets isolate the physical processes that contribute to realistically strong BBL upwelling. The downward diffusion of buoyancy is primarily balanced by upwelling along the sloping canyon sidewalls and the surrounding abyssal hills. These flows are strengthened by the restratifying effects of submesoscale baroclinic eddies and by the blocking of along-ridge thermal wind within the canyon. Major topographic sills block along-thalweg flows from restratifying the canyon trough, resulting in the continual erosion of the trough’s stratification. We propose simple modifications to the 1D boundary layer model that approximate each of these three-dimensional effects. These results provide local dynamical insights into mixing-driven abyssal overturning, but a complete theory will also require the nonlocal coupling to the basin-scale circulation.
    Description: We acknowledge funding support from National Science Foundation Awards 1536515, 1736109, and 2149080. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant 174530.
    Description: 2023-05-18
    Keywords: Abyssal circulation ; Diapycnal mixing ; Meridional overturning circulation ; Topographic effects ; Upwelling/downwelling ; Bottom currents/bottom water
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Timescales and mechanisms of paroxysm initiation at Stromboli volcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-14
    Description: New textural and petrological data are presented on products from five paroxysms at Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy) including the two from 2019 and three historical (1930, undated, sixteenth century) eruptions. The data are used to con- strain timescales associated with the initiation of paroxysms and to examine current models for their triggering. Samples were collected from the deposits and a subset selected for mineral separation and petrological and textural characterization. Minerals and glass were imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and chemical composition and zonation were analysed by electron microprobe. Trace elements in olivine were also determined. Vesicle number densities, vesicularities and vesicle diameters were measured by X-ray microCT techniques. The data were systematically compared with results of experiments simulating, on the one hand, ascent, vesiculation, degassing and crystallization of LP (low-porphyricity) magma and, on the other hand, interaction between LP and HP (high-porphyricity) magma. Paroxysm samples are mixed and include portions representative of both LP and HP magma. They host in variable proportions minerals and glass textur- ally and compositionally typical of these two magma types. Small but systematic variations in matrix glass compositions are found between each of the five eruptions considered. All samples host a population of vesicles ranging from 〈 15 to 〉 1000 μm in diameter and whose size distributions follow mixed exponential to power law distributions. Vesicularities are high (75% on average) and vesicle number densities range from 102-103 to 103-104 mm-3. Using experimental calibrations, the vesicle textural data suggest average LP magma ascent rates of 1–2 m/s (i.e. ~1.5 hours from depths between 7 and 1.5 km). The correlation between ascent rate and textures demonstrates systematic variations between eruptions, the most ener- getic (i.e. that of 1930) being associated with the highest ascent rate (~2 m/s). Widths of plagioclase reaction zones indicate that LP and HP magmas interacted for a maximum a few hours before eruption. Olivine reaction also implies durations of a few hours for LP-HP interaction and is followed by crystallization for 20 hours in the HP magma. Our results stress the fast ascent of LP magma from their storage region and their short residence times at shallow levels before being erupted. They clarify the respective roles of the deep and shallow feeding systems. An integrated phenomenological model for paroxysm initiation at Stromboli is outlined. Keywords
    Description: This study was supported by the Labex Vol- taire (ANR-10-LABX-100-01), by INGV Progetti Ricerca Libera (timescale of magma transfer within the Stromboli plumbing sys- tem) and by the “DisEqm” (quantifying disequilibrium processes in basaltic volcanism) and “Shedding new light on volcanoes: real-time synchrotron X-ray tomography of magmatic phenomena” projects funded by NERC (NE/N018575/1 and NE/M013561/1).
    Description: Published
    Description: 36
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stromboli ; Paroxysms ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Multivariate statistical analysis of site effect indicators for the Montereale and Capitignano area (AQ) following the seismic sequence in central Italy (2016–2017) (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-25
    Description: This study investigates site effects for developing predictive models of site response, for both research purposes and future geognostic applications, by using a statistical analysis method to define possible correlations between different kinds of seismological and geological data. The test area is the intermontane Montereale basin (Abruzzo region, Italy), which was investigated for site effects studies and microzonation purposes because it has been affected by the 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence. The available geological and geophysical information include geological profiles, thickness and geometry of the sedimentary infilling, shear-wave velocity profiles, downhole and borehole data. Seismological analysis (such as earthquake and noise spectral ratios, duration lengthening of seismic signals) has been performed to retrieve parameters useful for seismic response. A GIS database has been created to better manage all this information, by georeferencing all the measurement points and results. Finally, Factor Analysis multivariate technique was used to evaluate the most important site effect indicators, in terms of correlation between the involved parameters, and to deduce how the geological context influences their behavior. The performed analysis highlighted the statistical variability of the strong motion, that depends on the position inside the basin, over the Holocene deposits, and on the edges, at the limit between different lithologies. Moreover, some of the correlations between geological and geophysical indicators are strongly coherent with the basin geological features.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1875–1901
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Site effects ; Spectral ratio ; Seismic noise ; Montereale
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Hydrothermal signature on episodic deflation/inflation ground tilt at Aso Volcano (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-07
    Description: Ground deformation in volcanic areas induced by geothermal fluid circulation can reveal useful information about the dynamical processes occurring in the subsurface hydrothermal system. In the present work, we investigate tiltmeter time-series recorded at Aso Volcano during 2011–2016, a time interval during which different phases of volcanic activity occurred. We performed polarization analysis of the data and identified peculiar long-lasting (hours) transients, defined as Very-Long-period Tilt Pulses. The transients were further characterized in terms of waveform cross-correlation, particle tilt pattern, energy, and time distributions. The analyses indicate that such signals, which appear like deflation–inflation (DI) events, are associated with a Poissonian process whose underlying dynamics evolves over time always driven by a Poissonian mechanism. The obtained results have been interpreted in light of the available geophysical, geochemical and volcanological information. In this framework, the Very-Long-period Tilt Pulses may be ascribed to the depressurization/pressurization of the shallow hydrothermal system according to a fault-valve mechanism, which was active with different efficiency throughout eruptive and inter-eruptive phases.
    Description: Published
    Description: 132
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Aso Volcano ; Tiltmeter data ; Polarization analysis ; Clusters ; Inflation ; Deflation ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Assessing flank instability of Stromboli volcano (Italy) by reappraising the 30 December 2002 tsunamigenic landslides (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-03
    Description: Bearing in mind the destructive potential of tsunamis induced by volcanic landslides, the tsunamigenic event occurring at Stromboli volcano in Italy on 30 December 2002 has been reexamined here, by means of visible images and slope stability analysis. This was one of the few examples in the world of a flank collapse occurring at a volcano that was directly observed. We present the results of stability analyses, together with a sequence of photos collected from a helicopter a few minutes before the collapse. The result of this study is that the sequence of landslides triggering the 2002 Stromboli tsunami can be defined as the final stage of a lateral magma intrusion that exerted a high thrust at high altitude, destabilizing the entire slope. This study allows a more complete understanding of the event that took place on Stromboli on 30 December 2002. Furthermore, the approach used here, if appropriately modified, can be used in other contexts, contributing to the understanding of the condition that leads to tsunamigenic landslides
    Description: Open access funding provided by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia within the CRUI-CARE Agreement. This research was funded by the “Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri–Dipartimento della Protezione Civile”, through the UniFi-DPC 2019–2021 agreement (Scientific Responsibility: N.C.). The contents of this paper represent the authors’ ideas and do not necessarily correspond to the official opinion and policies of the “Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri–Dipartimento della Protezione Civile”. This research was also funded by the Project FIRST-ForecastIng eRuptive activity at Stromboli volcano: Timing, eruptive style, size, intensity, and duration, INGV-Progetto Strategico Dipartimento Vulcani 2019 (Delibera n. 144/2020; Scientific Responsibility: S.C.). The SSAP software research and development was funded by CONACYT (Mexico): Proyectos Ciencia Basica: CB-2016/286764.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1363–1380
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Tsunamigenic landslides ; Stromboli volcano ; Aeolian Archipelago ; Limit equilibrium methods ; Slope stability analysis ; Volcano slope instability ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Geoethics: The Missing Piece in the Separation of Responsibility Between Volcanologists and Decision-Makers (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: In a volcanic crisis, authorized decision-makers must balance the social and economic costs of mitigating actions, such as evacuation, against the potential human losses if such actions are insufficient. In making their decisions, advice is needed from volcanologists on the eruption probability. Therefore, there should be a clear separation in the roles of volcanologists and decision-makers; the volcanologists should advise on the volcano hazard and alternative potential scenarios but refrain from involvement in making decisions. Currently, volcanologists are responsible for setting volcano alert levels. Given the small handful of distinct alert levels, there is inherent ambiguity and substantial uncertainty in the interpretation of individual levels. Furthermore, changing an alert level may automatically trigger actions by decision-makers. This would violate the principle of separation of responsibility and may result in unwelcome pressure being applied to volcanologists. Just as physicians can invoke medical ethics in resisting pressure to alter their advice, so volcanologists can invoke geoethics. Freedom to abide by their scientific beliefs is a basic tenet of geoethics.
    Description: Published
    Description: 19-23
    Description: Terceira Island, Azores (Portugal)
    Description: 4SR TERREMOTI - Preparazione alla comunicazione in emergenza
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Keywords: volcano ; crisis ; evacuation ; geoethics ; responsibility ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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