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  • thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
  • 2020-2024  (233)
  • 1955-1959
  • 2022  (233)
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  • 1
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    Green Low-Carbon Technology for Metalliferous Minerals (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Metalliferous minerals play a central role in the global economy. They will continue to provide the raw materials we need for industrial processes. Significant challenges will likely emerge if the climate-driven green and low-carbon development transition of metalliferous mineral exploitation is not managed responsibly and sustainably. Green low-carbon technology is vital to promote the development of metalliferous mineral resources shifting from extensive and destructive mining to clean and energy-saving mining in future decades. Global mining scientists and engineers have conducted a lot of research in related fields, such as green mining, ecological mining, energy-saving mining, and mining solid waste recycling, and have achieved a great deal of innovative progress and achievements. This Special Issue intends to collect the latest developments in the green low-carbon mining field, written by well-known researchers who have contributed to the innovation of new technologies, process optimization methods, or energy-saving techniques in metalliferous minerals development.
    Keywords: metallurgical slag-based binders ; solidification/stabilisation ; As(III) ; As(V) ; calcium hydroxide ; sublevel caving ; numerical simulation ; physical model ; structural parameter ; green mining ; limestone ; high temperature ; confining pressure ; SHPB ; constitutive model ; open-pit mine ; PLAXIS 3D ; dynamic load ; safety factor ; acceleration ; particle sedimentation ; filling mining ; degree of influence ; pipeline transportation ; solid waste utilization ; tailings ; reclamation risk ; hazard identification ; complex network ; hazard management ; digital mine ; mine short-term production planning ; haulage equipment dispatch plan ; ABCA ; NSGA ; settlement velocity measurement ; K-means ; tailings backfill ; unsupervised learning ; cemented paste backfill ; ESEM ; picture processing ; floc networks ; pumping agent ; fractal dimension ; backfill slurry ; strength of cemented backfill ; inhomogeneity of cemented backfill ; cemented tailings backfill ; copper ; zinc ; recovery ; sulfide concentrate ; artificial microbial community ; granular backfill ; bearing characteristics ; numerical model ; particle size ; surface subsidence ; blasting dust movement ; dust concentration ; particle size distribution ; blasting dust reduction ; backfill ; metal mine ; log-sigmoid ; tailings pond ; regional distribution ; dam break ; accident statistics ; causation analysis ; backfilling ; increasing resistance and reducing pressure ; computational fluid dynamics ; spiral pipe ; stowing gradient ; coal-based solid waste ; orthogonal experiment ; strength development ; regression analysis ; engineering performance ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Machine Learning and Data Mining Applications in Power Systems (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue was intended as a forum to advance research and apply machine-learning and data-mining methods to facilitate the development of modern electric power systems, grids and devices, and smart grids and protection devices, as well as to develop tools for more accurate and efficient power system analysis. Conventional signal processing is no longer adequate to extract all the relevant information from distorted signals through filtering, estimation, and detection to facilitate decision-making and control actions. Machine learning algorithms, optimization techniques and efficient numerical algorithms, distributed signal processing, machine learning, data-mining statistical signal detection, and estimation may help to solve contemporary challenges in modern power systems. The increased use of digital information and control technology can improve the grid’s reliability, security, and efficiency; the dynamic optimization of grid operations; demand response; the incorporation of demand-side resources and integration of energy-efficient resources; distribution automation; and the integration of smart appliances and consumer devices. Signal processing offers the tools needed to convert measurement data to information, and to transform information into actionable intelligence. This Special Issue includes fifteen articles, authored by international research teams from several countries.
    Keywords: virtual power plant (VPP) ; power quality (PQ) ; global index ; distributed energy resources (DER) ; energy storage systems (ESS) ; power systems ; long-term assessment ; battery energy storage systems (BESS) ; smart grids ; conducted disturbances ; power quality ; supraharmonics ; 2–150 kHz ; Power Line Communications (PLC) ; intentional emission ; non-intentional emission ; mains signalling ; virtual power plant ; data mining ; clustering ; distributed energy resources ; energy storage systems ; short term conditions ; cluster analysis (CA) ; nonlinear loads ; harmonics, cancellation, and attenuation of harmonics ; waveform distortion ; THDi ; low-voltage networks ; optimization techniques ; different batteries ; off-grid microgrid ; integrated renewable energy system ; cluster analysis ; K-means ; agglomerative ; ANFIS ; fuzzy logic ; induction generator ; MPPT ; neural network ; renewable energy ; variable speed WECS ; wind energy conversion system ; wind energy ; frequency estimation ; spectrum interpolation ; power network disturbances ; COVID-19 ; time-varying reproduction number ; social distancing ; load profile ; demographic characteristic ; household energy consumption ; demand-side management ; energy management ; time series ; Hidden Markov Model ; short-term forecast ; sparse signal decomposition ; supervised dictionary learning ; dictionary impulsion ; singular value decomposition ; discrete cosine transform ; discrete Haar transform ; discrete wavelet transform ; transient stability assessment ; home energy management ; binary-coded genetic algorithms ; optimal power scheduling ; demand response ; Data Injection Attack ; machine learning ; critical infrastructure ; smart grid ; water treatment plant ; power system ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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  • 3
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    Advances in Mechanical Systems Dynamics 2020 (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The fundamentals of mechanical system dynamics were established before the beginning of the industrial era. The 18th century was a very important time for science and was characterized by the development of classical mechanics. This development progressed in the 19th century, and new, important applications related to industrialization were found and studied. The development of computers in the 20th century revolutionized mechanical system dynamics owing to the development of numerical simulation. We are now in the presence of the fourth industrial revolution. Mechanical systems are increasingly integrated with electrical, fluidic, and electronic systems, and the industrial environment has become characterized by the cyber-physical systems of industry 4.0. Within this framework, the status-of-the-art has become represented by integrated mechanical systems and supported by accurate dynamic models able to predict their dynamic behavior. Therefore, mechanical systems dynamics will play a central role in forthcoming years. This Special Issue aims to disseminate the latest research findings and ideas in the field of mechanical systems dynamics, with particular emphasis on novel trends and applications.
    Keywords: tire model ; tire temperature ; FSAE vehicle ; rolling bearing ; rigid rotor ; internal radial clearance ; number of rolling elements ; vibration ; varying compliance vibration ; ball passage frequency ; load ; trucks ; handling stability ; lightweight ; taper-leaf spring ; suspension ; step steer ; motorcycle tires ; thermal modeling ; performance optimization ; real-time simulations ; conveyor ; friction ; rolling ; non-linear simulation ; fractal derivative ; viscoelastic models ; polymers ; bicycle ; mountain bike ; tire tread pattern ; force and moment ; e-bike ; tyre ; dynamics ; active rear axle independent steering (ARIS) system ; hierarchical synchronization control ; virtual coupling control ; linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) ; computational fluid dynamics ; fluid sloshing ; table cart method ; zero moment point ; rider ; body segment inertial parameters ; biomechanics ; human body ; motorcycle ; multibody ; robot ; compliance ; machining ; modes of vibration ; impulsive testing ; dynamic parameter identification ; dynamic parameters ; parallel kinematics ; parallel robot ; parallel manipulator ; varying friction ; valve train ; coupled approach ; NVH ; vibration energy control ; multi-physics mechanism theory ; non-linear stiffness ; isolation ; hydraulic system ; magnetic spring ; articulated vehicle ; hydraulic steering system ; directional stability ; deformable soil ; tracked vehicle ; contact model ; two-wheeler ; vehicle dynamic modelling ; wobble ; weave ; fork bending compliance ; rider influence ; ADAS ; driver model ; load cell ; steering wheel ; cable robots ; motion planning ; cable failure ; recovery strategy ; roller chain ; chain efficiency ; sliding friction ; lateral offset ; damping force ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Advances in Sustainable Concrete System (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, the implementation of sustainable concrete systems has been a topic of great interest in the field of construction engineering worldwide, as a result of the large and rapid increase in carbon emissions and environmental problems resulting from traditional concrete production and industry. For example, the uses of supplementary cementitious materials, geopolymer binder, recycled aggregate and industrial/agricultural wastes in concrete are all approaches to building a sustainable concrete system. However, such materials have inherent flaws due to their variety of sources, and exhibit very different properties compared with traditional concrete. Therefore, they require specific modifications in preprocessing, design, and evaluation before use in concrete. This reprint, entitled “Advances in Sustainable Concrete System”, covers a broad range of advanced concrete research in environmentally friendly concretes, cost-effective admixtures, and waste recycling, specifically including the design methods, mechanical properties, durability, microstructure, various models, hydration mechanisms, and practical applications of solid wastes in concrete systems.
    Keywords: high-strength concrete ; energy evolution ; elastic strain energy ; brittleness evaluation index ; concrete ; humidity ; moisture absorption ; moisture desorption ; numerical simulation ; acoustic emission ; AE rate process theory ; corrosion rate ; damage evolution ; axial load ; precast concrete structure ; lattice girder semi-precast slabs ; bending resistance ; FE modelling ; concrete damage ; GSP ; high strength ; hydration ; strength ; penetrability ; rice husk ash ; sustainable concrete ; artificial neural networks ; multiple linear regression ; eco-friendly concrete ; green concrete ; sustainable development ; artificial intelligence ; data science ; machine learning ; bagasse ash ; mechanical properties ; natural coarse aggregate ; recycled coarse aggregate ; two-stage concrete ; materials design ; recycled concrete ; crumb rubber concrete ; crumb rubber ; NaOH treatment ; lime treatment ; water treatment ; detergent treatment ; compressive strength ; materials ; adhesively-bonded joint ; temperature aging ; residual strength ; mechanical behavior ; failure criterion ; steel slag powder ; compound activator ; mortar strength ; orthogonal experiment ; GM (0, N) model ; ultrafine metakaolin ; silica fume ; durability ; fiber-reinforced concrete ; damage mechanism ; uniaxial tension ; cracked concrete ; crack width ; crack depth ; tortuosity ; sustainability ; concrete composites ; sulfate and acid attacks ; WPFT fibers ; coal gangue ; gradation ; cement content ; unconfined compressive strength ; freeze–thaw cycle ; minimum energy dissipation principle ; three-shear energy yield criterion ; damage variable ; constitutive model ; phosphorus slag ; limestone ; sulphate-corrosion resistance ; volume deformation ; blast furnace ferronickel slag ; alkali-activated material ; dosage of activator ; reactive powder concrete ; beam-column joint ; FE modeling ; crack ; cementitious gravel ; fly ash ; age ; optimal dosage ; bamboo ; sawdust ; pretreatment ; bio-based material ; mechanical property ; self-compacting concrete ; supplementary cementitious materials ; hydration mechanisms ; microstructure ; fresh properties ; synthetic polymer ; high temperature ; bentonite-free drilling fluid ; rheology ; filtration ; FRP reinforced concrete slab ; punching shear strength ; SHAP ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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  • 5
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    Impulse-Based Manufacturing Technologies (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In impulse-based manufacturing technologies, the energy required to form, join or cut components acts on the workpiece in a very short time and suddenly accelerates workpiece areas to very high velocities. The correspondingly high strain rates, together with inertia effects, affect the behavior of many materials, resulting in technological benefits such as improved formability, reduced localizing and springback, extended possibilities to produce high-quality multi material joints and burr-free cutting. This Special Issue of JMMP presents the current research findings, which focus on exploiting the full potential of these processes by providing a deeper understanding of the technology and the material behavior and detailed knowledge about the sophisticated process and equipment design. The range of processes that are considered covers electromagnetic forming, electrohydraulic forming, adiabatic cutting, forming by vaporizing foil actuators and other impulse-based manufacturing technologies. Papers show significant improvements in the aforementioned processes with regard to: Processes analysis; Measurement technique; Technology development; Materials and modelling; Tools and equipment; Industrial implementation.
    Keywords: magnetic pulse welding ; spot welds ; linear coils ; shear lap test ; automotive alloys ; numerical analysis ; LS-DYNA ; impact deformation ; vaporizing foil actuator ; powder compaction ; spallation ; inclined collision welding ; dissimilar material combinations ; impact velocity ; impact angle ; collision velocity ; impulse forming ; bulge forming ; permeability ; conductivity ; adiabatic blanking ; adiabatic shear band ; high velocity ; clearance ; blanked surface ; stress triaxiality ; FE simulation ; electromagnetic forming ; proximity effect ; Lorentz forces ; coil windings ; electro-hydraulic ; pulsed forming ; numerical simulation ; preforming ; collision welding ; impact welding ; welding window ; aluminum and copper ; high-speed imaging ; jet ; cloud of particles ; energy balance ; energy extraction ; melting ; material properties ; interface morphology ; magnetic pulse welding (MPW) ; AA6016 ; aluminum ; 22MnB5 ; press-hardening steel ; interface characterization ; mechanical characterization ; tribological characterization ; high strain rate ; elevated temperature ; additive manufacturing ; 18Ni300 maraging steel ; constitutive modelling ; damage modelling ; machining simulation ; magnetic pulse forming ; electro-hydraulic forming ; high strain rates ; lightweight ; high pulsed power ; formability ; simulation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 6
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    Physical Processes in Lakes (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Physical processes are keys for the status of a lake. In this Special Issue, the emphasis is on dissolved oxygen and on exchange of gases, energy and momentum between atmosphere and further mixing and consumption within the water. The studies presented relate to ice-free as well as ice-covered lakes. Field measurements are combined with theoretical approaches.
    Keywords: hydrodynamic model ; bubble plume ; artificial mixing ; GLM ; Si3D ; dissolved gas ; Henry law ; total gas pressure ; ebullition ; greenhouse gases ; lacustrine waters ; diurnal variation ; hourly model ; water temperature ; dissolved oxygen ; shallow lakes ; and sediment heat flux ; water quality ; chlorophyll-a ; phosphorus ; phosphorus release ; full set of turbulent stresses ; Acoustic Doppler current profilers ; interbeam velocity correlations ; ice-covered lakes ; convectively-mixed layer ; anisotropic turbulence ; shallow lake ; ice-covered period ; ice phenology ; snow-ice cover thickness ; under-ice irradiance ; radiatively driven convection ; climate change ; 3D modelling ; stratification ; bubble plumes ; fractal ; lakes ; mixing ; multi-scale ; turbulence ; energy fluxes ; energy content ; reservoirs ; internal waves ; surface waves ; biogenic turbulence ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Anne Frank’s Tree (2022)
    The White Horse Press | The White Horse Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: "In this important and original interdisciplinary work, well-known environmental philosopher Eric Katz explores technology’s role in dominating, and thus destroying, both nature and human life and society. Katz’s argument innovatively connects two distinct areas: the fundamental goal of the Holocaust, including Nazi environmental policy, to heal the degenerate elements of society; and the plan to heal degraded natural systems that informs the contemporary environmental policy of ‘ecological restoration’. In both arenas of ‘healing’, Katz argues that technology drives action, while domination emerges as the prevailing ideology. Katz’s work is a plea for the development of a technology that does not dominate and destroy but instead promotes autonomy and freedom. Anne Frank, a victim of Nazi ideology and action, saw the titular tree behind her secret annex as a symbol of freedom and moral goodness. In Katz’s argument, the tree represents a free and autonomous nature. 'Anne Frank’s Tree' is rooted in an empirical approach to philosophy, seating complex ethical ideas in a powerful narrative of historical fact and deeply personal lived experience."
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; History ; Philosophy ; History ; Holocaust ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTZ Genocide and ethnic cleansing::NHTZ1 The Holocaust ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Feature Papers in Electronic Materials Section (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book entitled "Feature Papers in Electronic Materials Section" is a collection of selected papers recently published on the journal Materials, focusing on the latest advances in electronic materials and devices in different fields (e.g., power- and high-frequency electronics, optoelectronic devices, detectors, etc.). In the first part of the book, many articles are dedicated to wide band gap semiconductors (e.g., SiC, GaN, Ga2O3, diamond), focusing on the current relevant materials and devices technology issues. The second part of the book is a miscellaneous of other electronics materials for various applications, including two-dimensional materials for optoelectronic and high-frequency devices. Finally, some recent advances in materials and flexible sensors for bioelectronics and medical applications are presented at the end of the book.
    Keywords: vertical GaN ; quasi-vertical GaN ; reliability ; trapping ; degradation ; MOS ; trench MOS ; threshold voltage ; nanomanufacturing ; high-throughput method ; material printing ; flexible bioelectronics ; nanomembrane ; hybrid integration ; GaAs ; InGaAs channel ; epitaxial lift-off ; HEMT ; van der Waals ; 3C-SiC ; stacking faults ; doping ; KOH etching ; silicon carbide ; radiation hardness ; proton and electron irradiation ; charge removal rate ; compensation ; irradiation temperature ; heteroepitaxy ; bulk growth ; compliant substrates ; defects ; stress ; cubic silicon carbide ; power electronics ; thin film ; iron-based superconductor ; pulsed laser deposition ; transmission electron microscopy ; diamond ; MPCVD growth ; electron microscopy ; chemical vapour deposition ; 2D materials ; MoS2 ; silica point defects ; optical fibers ; radiation effects ; 4H-SiC ; ohmic contact ; SIMS ; Ti3SiC2 ; simulation ; Schottky barrier ; Schottky diodes ; electrical characterization ; graphene absorption ; Fabry–Perot filter ; radio frequency sputtering ; CVD graphene ; GaN ; thermal management ; GaN-on-diamond ; CVD ; arrhythmia detection ; cardiovascular monitoring ; soft biosensors ; wearable sensors ; flexible electronics ; gate dielectric ; aluminum oxide ; interface ; traps ; instability ; insulators ; binary oxides ; high-κ dielectrics ; wide band gap semiconductors ; energy electronics ; ultra-wide bandgap ; diodes ; transistors ; gallium oxide ; Ga2O3 ; spinel ; ZnGa2O4 ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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  • 9
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    Circular Economy and Efficient Use of Resources (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Previous and current resource use models have led to high levels of pollution, environmental degradation, and depletion of natural resources. The waste policy has a long history and has traditionally focused on more environmentally sustainable waste management. To be efficient in terms of resource use, the principles of the circular economy should change this trend, transforming the economy into a sustainable economy. The new waste regulations introduce new waste management objectives in terms of waste prevention, reuse, recycling, and storage by addressing new processes.
    Keywords: municipal solid waste ; calorific value ; energy potential ; sustainable process ; resource efficiency ; entrepreneurship ; entrepreneurial intentions ; education for sustainable development ; innovation ; sindh engro coal mine ; environmental sustainability ; health and safety ; social interaction and quality of life ; economic development ; palm kernel shell ; graphite ; catalytic graphitization ; biomass waste ; globalization ; economic growth ; natural resources ; ecological footprint ; environmental Kuznets curve ; Thailand ; oil pipeline ; incidents ; cause ; petroleum products ; statistical analysis ; consequences ; safety ; Chi-Square test ; cross-tabulation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Optical Fiber Interferometric Sensors (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The contributions presented in this book series portray the advances of the research in the field of interferometric photonic technology and its novel applications. The wide scope explored by the range of different contributions intends to provide a synopsis of the current research trends and the state of the art in this field, covering recent technological improvements, new production methodologies and emerging applications, for researchers coming from different fields of science and industry. The manuscripts published in the Special issue, and re-printed in this book series, report on topics that range from interferometric sensors for thickness and dynamic displacement measurement, up to pulse wave and spirometry applications.
    Keywords: fiber-optic temperature sensor ; chloroform fiber ; Sagnac interferometer ; optical microfiber coupler ; interferometer ; salinity sensing ; optic fiber sensor ; optical fiber sensor ; cleaved fiber ; Vernier effect ; optical interferometer ; fiber optics sensors ; dual-core fiber ; temperature sensing ; optical coherence tomography ; low-coherence interferometry ; large-scale imaging ; biomedical sensor ; intermodal interferometer ; singlemode-multimode-singlemode ; Fabry–Perot interferometer ; fiber Bragg grating ; pulse wave ; spectral interferometry ; seismic measurement ; dynamic impact ; dynamic response ; interferometric sensor ; pneumatic sensor ; thickness measurement ; plastics measurement ; moiré effects ; diffraction theory ; lenses ; mirrors ; digital image processing ; large-field ; speckle interferometer ; MEMS ; displacement measurement ; miniaturized optical sensors ; Fabry–Pérot interferometers ; tuning range ; efficiency ; nanoimprint ; integration in fiber optics ; multiplex advantage ; photonic crystals ; plasmonics ; flow sensor ; pulmonary function assessment ; spirometry ; interferometric sensors ; optical fiber ; photonics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Application of Novel Thermal Technology in Foods Processing (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Advanced and novel thermal technologies, such as ohmic heating, dielectric heating (e.g., microwave heating and radio frequency heating), and inductive heating, have been developed to improve the effectiveness of heat processing whilst guaranteeing food safety and eliminating undesirable impacts on the organoleptic and nutritional properties of foods. Novel thermal technologies rely on heat generation directly inside foods, which has implications for improving the overall energy efficiency of the heating process itself. The use of novel thermal technologies is dependent on the complexity and inherent properties of the food materials of interest (e.g., thermal conductivity, electrical resistance, water content, pH, rheological properties, food porosity, and presence of particulates). Moreover, there is a need to address the combined use of thermal processing with emerging technologies such as pulsed electric fields, high hydrostatic pressure, and ultrasound to complement the conventional thermal processing of fluid or solid foods. This Special Issue provides readers with an overview of the latest applications of various novel technologies in food processing. A total of eight cutting-edge original research papers and one comprehensive review paper discussing novel processing technologies from the perspectives of food safety, sustainability, process engineering, (bio)chemical changes, health, nutrition, sensory issues, and consumers are covered in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: pecan ; dielectric properties ; radio frequency (RF) heating ; simulation ; maceration-fermentation ; polyphenol extraction ; PEF ; Grenache ; sensory analysis. ; hyperspectral imaging ; cold spots ; microwave ; sterilization ; Maillard reaction ; frying ; mathematical model ; mass transfer ; heat transfer ; pulsed electric fields ; solid plant foods ; Geobacillus ; Clostridium ; spores ; inactivation ; thermal resistance ; senior-friendly food ; solid–liquid mixture ; ohmic heating ; vacuum ; blanching ; drying ; efficiency ; energy ; ultrasound ; potato ; variable space network method ; enthalpy method ; approximate quasi-steady-state analysis ; explicit finite difference ; kinetic ; pulsed electric field ; cultivar ; colour ; lightness ; first order ; activation energy ; Arrhenius ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Applications of Molecularly Imprinted Films (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Molecularly imprinted polymers are materials that have voids that are complementary in shape, size, and electronic environment to a specific molecule used for preparation, known as the template. These voids are specific recognition sites that bind the templates preferentially and are used specifically for biomimetic sensors and for solid-phase extraction. Because the specific surface is very important during this process, the use of films and membranes is preferred. This book contains four articles dedicated to sensor application (three research articles and one review) and one research article dedicated to solid-phase extraction.
    Keywords: sol-gel ; molecularly imprinted films ; bisphenol A ; organosilane monomer ; molecularly imprinted polymer ; optical sensor ; plastic optical fiber ; surface plasmon resonance ; 2-furaldehyde ; vegetable oil ; waste plastic ; polyethylene terephthalate ; electrospinning ; 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine ; adsorption ; copper ion ; nanofibre ; molecularly imprinted layers ; surface polymerization ; electropolymerization ; sol–gel derived techniques ; phase inversion ; electroactive pastes and inks ; amyloid β-42 ; molecularly imprinted polymers ; potentiometric sensor ; Alzheimer biomarker ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 13
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    Achievements and Prospects of Functional Pavement (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In order to further promote the development of functional pavement technology, a Special Issue entitled “Achievements and Prospects of Functional Pavement” has been proposed by a group of guest editors. To achieve this objective, the articles included in this Special Issue are related to different aspects of functional pavements, including green roads to decrease carbon emissions, noise, and pollution, safety pavements to increase skid resistance through water drainage and snow removal, intelligent roads for monitoring, power generation, temperature control and management, and durable roads to increase service life with new theories, new design methods, and prediction models, as highlighted in this editorial.
    Keywords: oyster shell powder ; calcite filler ; asphalt mastics ; rutting ; fatigue cracking ; thermal stability ; glass transition temperature ; modified asphalt ; fatigue resistance ; MSCR ; intermediate temperature ; cement-treated aggregate base ; fatigue equation ; loading rates ; true stress ratio ; flexural strength ; algorithm ; aggregates ; reconstitution ; image processing ; virtual modelling ; asphalt pavements ; top-down cracking mechanism ; shear damage ; tension propagation ; rock asphalt ; creep test ; thermal crack ; viscoelastic model ; oil shale waste ; silane coupling agent ; replace fine aggregate ; response surface methodology ; central composite design ; bio-char ; asphalt ; microscopic morphology ; rheological properties ; anti-aging properties ; non-Newtonian behavior ; viscosity ; bitumen ; crumb rubber modifier (CRM) ; warm mix asphalt ; asphalt mixture ; PAN fiber ; fatigue performance ; fatigue model ; loading condition ; intermediate principle stress ; compressive strength ; true-triaxial ; asphalt mixtures ; cement stabilized macadam ; gradation ; cement content ; preparation technique ; emulsified asphalt ; nano-TiO2 ; photocatalytic coating ; degradation of exhaust gas ; road engineering ; crack resistance ; fatigue crack propagation test ; reliability ; rubber asphalt stress absorption layer (RASAL) ; high viscous asphalt sand stress absorption layer (HVASAL) ; asphalt overlay ; concrete pavement ; textural characteristics ; noise ; correlation analysis ; asphalt mortar ; ageing ; FTIR ; stiffness ; strength ; Induction heating ; pavement compaction ; porous asphalt mixes ; computational tools ; HMAC ; dynamic response ; moving load ; temperature field ; rutting resistance ; the permanent deformation ; rejuvenation ; alginate ; capsules ; diatomite ; rheological characteristics ; high temperature performance ; low temperature performance ; red clay ; additive ; resilient modulus ; prediction models ; new comprehensive prediction model ; functional pavement ; green road ; safety pavement ; intelligent road ; durable road ; pavement materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
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  • 14
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    Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Fracture Behaviour of Heterogeneous Welded Structures (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In this book, modern trends in testing and simulating heterogeneous welded joints, including multi-scale approaches, resulting in appropriate flaw assessment procedures, are highlighted and discussed. The eleven research papers presented in this book give some overview of recent analytical, numerical, and experimental investigations in the field of yield strength mismatched welded joint behaviour. The papers cover several important issues to more accurately characterise the fracture mechanics behaviour and structural integrity assessments.
    Keywords: welding ; distortion ; stamping ; model ; prediction ; actual stress–strain diagram ; undermatching weld ; martensitic steel ; DIC ; FEM ; welded joint ; finite element method (FEM) ; multiple defects ; stress concentration ; weld metals ; welded joints ; damage mechanics ; finite element analysis ; crack growth ; ductile fracture ; Al7075 ; TC4 ; contact reactive brazing ; Cu deposited ; creep ; C* integral ; mismatched weld ; CT specimen ; yield load ; heterogeneous weld ; numerical analysis ; SE(B) specimen ; metal weld ; strength mismatch ; fracture ; plastic correction factors ; fixture rollers ; J-R resistance curve ; refinery ; piping ; API 5L X80 steel ; nonlinear strength analyses ; cleavage fracture stress ; medium carbon forging steel ; microalloyed steel ; acicular ferrite ; heterogeneous microstructure ; crack-initiation energy ; crack-propagation energy ; fracture toughness ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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    Rethinking Secular Time in Victorian England (2022)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This open access book draws on conceptual resources ranging from medieval scholasticism to postmodern theory to propose a new understanding of secular time and its mediation in nineteenth-century technological networks. Untethering the concept of secularity from questions of ‘religion’ and ‘belief’, it offers an innovative rethinking of the history of secularisation that will appeal to students, scholars, and everyone interested in secularity, Victorian culture, the history of technology, and the temporalities of modernity.
    Keywords: Victorian secularisation ; modernity ; non-religion ; nineteenth-century history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAX History of religion ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Fast Measurement of Individual Head-Related Transfer Functions (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: While binaural technology applications gained in popularity in recent years, the majority of applications still use non-individual Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) from artificial heads. However, certain applications, for example research of spatial hearing or hearing attention, require an physically exact and realistic binaural signal. The limiting factor that prohibits the widespread use of individual HRTFs is the acquisition time of such data. This time requirement has recently been reduced by the use of parallelization in the measurement signal which lead to the development of fast measurement systems capable of acquiring individual and spatially dense HRTF. This thesis provides a objective and subjective evaluation of such a system that is designed with the goal of little disturbance of the measurements in mind. The construction is detailed, followed by both an objective and subjective evaluation. A detailed investigation into additional distortion of the sound field introduced by the system itself is presented and it is shown that the system performs comparably to a conventional system in terms of sound source localization. Furthermore, a method is introduced and evaluated to further reduce the measurement time by using continuous rotation during the measurement. This method is used to reduced the measurement duration from eight minutes to three minutes without audible differences.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Electronics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Achievements and Prospects of Advanced Pavement Materials Technologies (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Road transportation is a basic need for mobility and daily life. Currently, there are a number of challenges in dealing with distressed pavement and seeking new materials with sustainability in mind in pavement systems. Therefore, it is important to conduct further research in the following areas: (1) pavement structure, materials, and design; (2) pavement models as better solutions for pavement constructions; (3) pavement mechanics for improved understanding and mechanism analyses; (4) utilization of recycled materials for environmentally friendly solutions; (5) maintenance and rehabilitation for an extended life span of pavement; (6) intelligent construction for project management, energy conservation, and future constructions; and (7) innovative approaches to test and evaluate the performance of pavement materials. The purpose of this Special Issue “Achievements and Prospects of Advanced Pavement Materials Technologies” is to explore new research ideas for pavement materials as described above.
    Keywords: SBS-modified bitumen ; stabilizer ; thermal storage stability ; vulcanization reaction ; 48-h segregation softening point difference ; pavement design ; fatigue life ; recycling ; reclaimed asphalt pavement ; RAP ; mechanistic method ; prestressed concrete pavement ; oblique ; demonstrative road section ; stress analysis ; polyurethane ; asphalt mixture ; epoxy resin ; adhesive layer ; shear strength ; inclined shear test ; TPCB ; asphalt and asphalt mixture ; physical performance ; rheological properties ; optimization of pavement performance ; asphalt ; rejuvenator ; vegetable oil ; pavement performance ; traditional indexes ; rheological indexes ; service life ; fatigue test ; moduli decay ; loading condition ; stress state ; highway engineering ; light screening preventive maintenance agent ; optimum proportion ; permeability ; restore performance ; light aging resistance ; concrete pavement ; anti-skid performance durability ; self-developed equipment ; self-developed composite curing agent ; longitudinally-transversely grooved form ; road engineering ; bio-oil ; asphalt binder ; high-temperature performance ; master curve ; asphalt modification ; coupling agent ; rheological behavior ; plastic ; calcium carbonate powder ; carbon black nano-particles (CBNPs) ; performance grading ; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ; dynamic modulus ; rutting ; waste engine oil ; rheological analysis ; low temperature stiffness ; Discovery Hybrid Rheometer (DHR) ; asphalt mixtures ; three-dimensional stress states ; freeze-thaw cycles ; triaxial strength ; failure criterion ; nano hydrophobic silane silica ; spring-thawing season ; damage evolution ; damage model ; gray rational degree theory ; dispersion ; aged asphalt binder ; modified ; micromechanism ; performance ; pavement engineering ; runoff pollutants ; spatial-temporal distribution ; source control measures ; purification materials ; asphalt mixes ; linear viscoelasticity ; complex modulus ; dynamic measurements ; tension–compression tests ; frequency response function ; back-analysis ; finite element method ; Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) ; wet mixing ; bitumen ; homogeneous dispersion ; adhesion ; basalt fiber ; freeze-thaw cycle ; logistic damage model ; grey model ; EPS lightweight soil ; cyclic load ; axial accumulative strain ; resilient modulus ; damping ratio ; polyacrylate ; hollow microspheres ; spray drying ; discrete element ; digital image ; fatigue ; crack ; Green pavement ; Clustering index ; Extraction test and Cantabro-crushing test ; Breakage behavior ; Cluster phenomenon ; SBS modified asphalt ; laboratory test ; evaluation index ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
    Language: English
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    Characterization and Applications of Metal Ferrite Nanocomposites (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue focuses on ferrite-based nanomaterial synthesis and characterization including (i) Synthesis, (ii) Advanced chemical and physical characterization of structure and properties, (iii) Magnetic behaviour, (iv) Computational and theoretical studies of reaction mechanisms, kinetics, and thermodynamics, (v) Applications of nanomaterials in environmental, biological, catalytic, medical, cultural heritage, food, geochemical, polymer, and materials science. Additionally, the effect of reaction time, reaction temperature, and oleic acid concentration on the properties of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles was investigated. In this Special Issue, the effect of SiO2 embedding on the production of single-phase ferrites, as well as on the structure, morphology and magnetic properties of (Zn0.6Mn0.4Fe2O4)δ(SiO2)100−δ (δ = 0–100%) NPs, synthesized by the sol–gel method and annealed at different temperatures, is analysed. The obtained results indicated that the preparation route strongly influences the particle sizes and, implicitly, the magnetic behaviour of the NPs. The Zn0.6Mn0.4Fe2O4 embedded in SiO2 exhibits superparamagnetic-like behaviour, whereas the unembedded Zn0.6Mn0.4Fe2O4 behaves similar to a high-quality ferrimagnet. This Special Issue also includes the study on Bi2Cu(C2O4)4·0.25H2O synthesis by thermolysis, followed by its integration within a CuBi/carbon nanofiber (CNF) paste electrode and its application in electrochemical detection of amoxicillin (AMX) in aqueous solution. By adding a concentration step in the detection protocol, selective and simultaneous detection of AMX in a multi-component matrix is also possible.
    Keywords: CuBi2O4 electrocatalyst ; amoxicillin ; electrochemical detection ; CuBi2O4-carbon nanofiber paste electrode ; transition metal ; ferrites ; magnetic nanoparticles ; synthesis ; applications ; silica matrix ; sol-gel synthesis ; zinc-manganese ferrite ; magnetic properties ; cobalt ferrite nanoparticles ; controlled synthesis ; solvothermal method ; oleic acid ; sol-gel ; nanocomposite ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    A Changing Perspective for Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become an enormous worldwide health problem, both in developed and less developed countries. The incidence and prevalence of CKD is high, and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Of note, CKD is the 12th most common primary cause of death, accounting for about 1 million deaths per year worldwide. CKD and end-stage renal disease are characterized by the progressive development of a series of complications, such as anemia, hyperkalemia, hypervolemia, mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD), metabolic acidosis, hyperuricemia and wasting; all of these complications have been shown to be associated with adverse outcomes, and can contribute either individually or in association to the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality observed in CKD. While at this time CKD progression is not treated with high efficacy, new biomarkers of kidney fibrosis have become available in recent years and new treatments for kidney fibrosis and cell loss could become soon available. In addition recent progress in our understanding of CKD pathophysiology together with the development of novel therapeutic agents has led to a renewed attention on the treatment of CKD–associated metabolic complications which are now are amenable to therapeutic interventions. All these important issues are addressed in this volume.
    Keywords: heatmap ; clustering ; multivariate statistical analysis ; chronic kidney disease ; risk factors ; acute kidney injury ; radical nephrectomy ; functional change ratio ; diabetic kidney disease ; GLP-1 ; calciprotein particles ; calcification propensity ; vascular calcification ; hyperkalemia ; heart failure ; sodium polystyrene sulfonate ; patiromer ; sodium zirconium cyclosilicate ; alcohol ; cadmium ; diet ; lifestyle related exposures ; lead ; proteinuria ; smoking ; type 2 diabetes ; left ventricular hypertrophy ; left ventricular mass index ; hemodialysis ; blood pressure ; cardiovascular events ; risk factor ; hyperphosphatemia ; cardiovascular disease ; endothelial cells ; procoagulant MVs ; multidimensional prognostic index ; peritoneal dialysis ; hospitalization ; mortality ; hyperuricemia ; urate lowering treatment ; MANBA ; variants ; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ; expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) ; CKD–MBD ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Running Dynamics of Rail Vehicles (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The investigation of rail vehicle running dynamics plays an important role in the more than 200 year development of railway vehicles and infrastructure. Currently, there are a number of new requirements for rail transport associated with the reduced environmental impact, energy consumption and wear, whilst increasing train speed and passenger comfort. Therefore, the running dynamics of rail vehicles is still a research topic that requires improved simulation tools and experimental procedures. The book focuses on the current research topics in railway vehicles running dynamics. Special attention is given to high-speed railway transport, acoustic and vibrational impact of railway transport to the surroundings, optimization of energy supply systems for railway transport, traction drives optimization and wear of wheels and rails.
    Keywords: wear ; turnout ; rail ; stiffness ; high-speed ; dynamic characteristics ; traction drive system ; direct torque control ; electromechanical coupling modeling ; variable conditions ; rail vehicle ; rail infrastructure ; threshold effect ; dynamics ; numerical simulations ; testing ; optimal controller ; traction drive ; vector control system ; railway noise ; high-speed railways ; environmental impact ; energy saving ; control by forecast ; power limit of consumption ; railway transport infrastructure object ; simulation in the daily cycle ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Recent Advances and Applications of Machine Learning in Metal Forming Processes (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Machine learning (ML) technologies are emerging in Mechanical Engineering, driven by the increasing availability of datasets, coupled with the exponential growth in computer performance. In fact, there has been a growing interest in evaluating the capabilities of ML algorithms to approach topics related to metal forming processes, such as: Classification, detection and prediction of forming defects; Material parameters identification; Material modelling; Process classification and selection; Process design and optimization. The purpose of this Special Issue is to disseminate state-of-the-art ML applications in metal forming processes, covering 10 papers about the abovementioned and related topics.
    Keywords: sheet metal forming ; uncertainty analysis ; metamodeling ; machine learning ; hot rolling strip ; edge defects ; intelligent recognition ; convolutional neural networks ; deep-drawing ; kriging metamodeling ; multi-objective optimization ; FE (Finite Element) AutoForm robust analysis ; defect prediction ; mechanical properties prediction ; high-dimensional data ; feature selection ; maximum information coefficient ; complex network clustering ; ring rolling ; process energy estimation ; metal forming ; thermo-mechanical FEM analysis ; artificial neural network ; aluminum alloy ; mechanical property ; UTS ; topological optimization ; artificial neural networks (ANN) ; machine learning (ML) ; press-brake bending ; air-bending ; three-point bending test ; sheet metal ; buckling instability ; oil canning ; artificial intelligence ; convolution neural network ; hot rolled strip steel ; defect classification ; generative adversarial network ; attention mechanism ; deep learning ; mechanical constitutive model ; finite element analysis ; plasticity ; parameter identification ; full-field measurements ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
    Language: English
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    No Bicycle, No Bus, No Job (2022)
    Amsterdam University Press | Amsterdam University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: For working people, the cost of getting to work, in terms of time and expense, is a crucial aspect of daily life. In the twentieth century, people’s opportunity to travel increased. This did not, however, apply to everyone. The absence of affordable housing near job locations combined with the lack of safe, efficient, and affordable mobility options aggravated social exclusion for some. No Bicycle, No Bus, No Job details how power relations have historically enabled or restricted workers’ mobility in twentieth century Netherlands. Blue-collar workers, industrial employers, and the state shaped workers’ everyday commute in a changing playing field of uneven power relations that shifted from paternalism to neo-liberalism.
    Keywords: Governmentality, mobility, commuting, labour, mobility justice ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Modellierung des Fachwissens von Lehrkräften in der Teilchenphysik (Volume 315) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die Teilchenphysik als Teilgebiet der modernen Physik gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung im schulischen Physikunterricht. In dieser Arbeit wird erstmalig das von Lehrkräften benötigte Fachwissen zur Teilchenphysik modelliert, wobei Fachwissen als ein Teil des Professionswissens verstanden wird. Als Fachwissensdimensionen werden die Inhaltsbereiche und die Wissensarten in den Fokus genommen, für welche jeweils Subfacetten identifiziert und präzise beschrieben werden. Nach einem überblick über die wesentlichen Ideen der Teilchenphysik wird in der Arbeit die sukzessive Modellierung des Fachwissens im Rahmen einer qualitativ und quantitativ angelegten Delphi-Studie vorgestellt. In drei Befragungsrunden wurden zwischen 35 und 65 internationale Expertinnen und Experten aus der teilchenphysikbezogenen Forschung (Fachwissenschaft und Fachdidaktik) und öffentlichkeitsarbeit (u.a. Wissenschaftsjournalismus) sowie erfahrene Lehrkräfte zu den für das Fachwissen relevanten Themen der Teilchenphysik befragt. Empirische Analysen der Befragungsrunden ergaben, dass sich die Dimension Inhaltsbereiche im deklarativen Wissen aus zehn teilchenphysikalischen Themen (z.B. Teilchen in der Hochenergiephysik, die vier fundamentalen Wechselwirkungen) zusammensetzt, von welchen sechs als besonders relevant eingeschätzt wurden. Im Anschluss an die letzte Befragungsrunde wurde theoriegeleitet eine erste Modellierung der Inhaltsbereiche für die Wissensarten des prozeduralen und konditionalen Wissens vorgenommen.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Active Materials for Medical Applications (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue was proposed by and for engineers, physicists, medical doctors, researchers and scientists. We intend to analyze and discuss different topics on special materials for medical applications. There is great potential in the application of active or smart materials (metallic, polymer or ceramic) for the progression of applications in the medical domain of MEMS, actuators, sensors or functional systems. Active or “smart” materials have the ability to respond to different physical or chemical stimuli in a specific, repeatable mode. The actual activity in the domain, however, presents problems connected to obtaining, processing, characterizing, modeling and simulating or prototyping technologies. This Special Issue focuses on the most recent advances in obtaining and thermal and mechanical processing active materials used in the medical field with enhanced performances.
    Keywords: self-expandable metallic stent ; ear canal ; cadaver ; ear speculum ; endoscopy ; surfactant ; skin barrier function ; skin permeability ; alkyl structure ; magnetic abrasive finishing ; FEMM ; surface roughness ; multi-feed movement ; beta-titanium wire ; EDS elemental mapping ; atomic force microscope ; 3D printing ; Co–Cr–W ; dental materials ; SEM ; EDS ; scratch test ; droplet adhesion ; profilometry ; microhardness ; Mg–Ca–Gd alloys ; microstructure ; electrochemical evaluation ; in vitro test ; dental bridges ; inlays ; finite element analysis ; orthodontics ; healthy and reduced periodontium ; bodily movement ; mandibular anterior teeth ; PLD ; turmeric ; curcuminoid-silanol films ; transdermal patch ; demetoxilation ; SEM-EDS ; LIF ; hemp composite ; Ti4Al4Zr ; HA ; electrophoresis ; corrosion ; biodegradable ; Zn ; microscratch ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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    Krankheit gestalten (2022)
    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Moulagen - plastische Krankheitsdarstellungen - waren wichtige Dokumentations- und Lehrobjekte der Medizin. Die Moulagenbildner*innen galten in der Medizingeschichte oft als skurrile Außenseiter*innen, deren Arbeit von alchemistisch anmutender Geheimnistuerei umgeben war. Henrik Eßler widmet sich erstmals der Berufsgeschichte dieser unterschätzten Spezialist*innen. Dabei stellt er einerseits die Bedeutung der Moulage heraus, die weit über eine »naturgetreue« Nachbildung hinausging. Andererseits rückt er die Stellung der Moulagenbildner*innen im wissenschaftlichen Arbeitsprozess in ein neues Licht: Sie waren nicht nur ausführendes Organ, sondern Kooperationspartner*innen im Forschungszusammenhang.
    Keywords: Medizin ; Moulage ; Deutschland ; Medizingeschichte ; Krankheit ; Kunst ; Wissenschaft ; Technik ; Arbeit ; Technikgeschichte ; Wissenschaftsgeschichte ; Medizinsoziologie ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Medicine ; Germany ; History of Medicine ; Illness ; Art ; Science ; Technology ; Work ; History of Technology ; History of Science ; Sociology of Medicine ; History ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: German
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    Biosensors: 10th Anniversary Feature Papers (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Biosensors are analytical devices used for the detection of a chemical substance, or analyte, which combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector. Detection and quantification are based on the measurement of the biological interactions. The biological element of a biosensor may consist of tissues, microorganisms, organelles, cell receptors, enzymes, antibodies and nucleic acids. These devices have been shown to have a wide range of applications in a vast array of fields of research, including environmental monitoring, food analysis, drug detection and health and clinical assessment, and even security and safety. The current Special Issue, “Biosensors: 10th Anniversary Feature Papers”, addresses the existing knowledge gaps and aids the advancement of biosensing applications, in the form of six peer-reviewed research and review papers, detailing the most recent and innovative developments of biosensors.
    Keywords: antioxidants ; biosensor ; nanomaterials ; vasodilator activity ; breast cancer screening ; imaging biomarker ; deep sparse autoencoder ; dimensionality reduction ; deep-learning features ; Bioassays ; high performance thin layer chromatography ; endocrine disrupting compounds ; fluorescent proteins ; wastewater ; electromagnetic piezoelectric acoustic sensor ; quartz ; adsorption ; diagnostics ; extracellular vesicle ; dithiocarbamate fungicides ; chromatography ; Raman spectroscopy ; sensors ; enzyme inhibition ; voltammetry ; biosensors ; tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) ; capacitive field-effect sensor ; bi-enzyme biosensor ; enzyme-logic gate ; urease ; penicillinase ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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    Intervertebral Disc Regeneration (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book provides a brief snapshot of recent research on the subject of intervertebral disc degeneration and how this specific organ could be regenerated. It provides stimuli to the reader in representing research from different angles in this cross-disciplinary field of spine surgeons, mechanical engineers and biologists. In particular, it is instructive as to how disc herniations could be successfully induced in vitro and, also, to how novel cell-based therapies using rare autochthonous stem cells could potentially be used in the future.
    Keywords: hyaluronic acid ; disc repair ; annulus fibrosus repair ; biomaterials ; inflammatory biomarkers and signalling pathways ; nasal chondrocytes ; disc degeneration ; inflammation ; microenvironment ; nucleus pulposus ; cell ; spine ; intervertebral disc ; renin–angiotensin system ; degeneration ; regeneration ; intervertebral disc (IVD) ; stem cell ; scaffolds ; tissue engineering ; test method ; dynamic testing ; in vitro ; (lumbar) disc herniation ; physiological activities ; regenerative approaches ; nucleus pulposus progenitor cells ; cryopreservation ; Tie2 ; spheroid colony ; EZSPHERE ; CryoStor 10 ; growth factors ; differentiation ; mesenchymal stromal cell ; growth factor ; Wnt ; differentiation factor ; chondrogenesis ; cell therapy ; progenitor cells ; biomechanics ; lumbar disc herniation ; GDF5 ; GDF6 ; TGFβ ; nucleus pulposus progenitor cells (NPPC) ; losartanon ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Power Quality in Electrified Transportation Systems (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: "Power Quality in Electrified Transportation Systems" has covered interesting horizontal topics over diversified transportation technologies, ranging from railways to electric vehicles and ships. Although the attention is chiefly focused on typical railway issues such as harmonics, resonances and reactive power flow compensation, the integration of electric vehicles plays a significant role. The book is completed by some additional significant contributions, focusing on the interpretation of Power Quality phenomena propagation in railways using the fundamentals of electromagnetic theory and on electric ships in the light of the latest standardization efforts.
    Keywords: electric traction systems ; mobile reactive power compensation ; power quality ; railway power systems ; railway infrastructure capacity ; smart railways ; electric railway system ; harmonics ; unbalance ; resonance ; voltage distortions ; reactive power ; EMI ; electric railway ; harmonic resonance ; harmonic overvoltage ; stability analysis ; resonant frequency ; traction power supply system ; selective harmonic elimination ; regenerative braking ; railway vehicle ; EMC ; circulation current ; co-phased traction system ; secondary control ; microgrid ; model predictive control ; bidirectional two-stage charger ; electric vehicle ; co-phase power-supply system ; traction power supply ; modular multilevel converter (MMC) ; AT power-supply mode ; neutral section ; pantograph-catenary system ; current collection quality ; arc detection ; predictive maintenance ; railway electrical networks ; Hilbert transform ; rail transportation ; power quality disturbance ; electrified railway systems ; modular multilevel converter ; rail power conditioner ; co-phase power supply technology ; V type connection traction transformer ; comprehensive compensation ; Static Var Generator (SVG) ; harmonic mitigation ; active power filter ; synchronous detection ; ship technology ; novelisation and implementation of IACS rules ; railway ; electric rolling stock ; inter-substation zone ; Poynting vector ; Maxwell’s equations ; electromagnetic field ; incident waves ; standing wave ; film coating ; railway DC power supply system ; railway case study ; quality of rail power supply ; electrified railway ; Fourier transform ; overvoltage ; AC traction systems ; traction substation ; power harmonic filters ; total harmonic distortion ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Physik der Küste für außerschulische Lernorte (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Die in den vergangenen Jahren zahlreich entstandenen außerschulischen Lernorte an der deutschen Wattenmeerküste sind Ausdruck einer Differenzierung der dortigen Bildungslandschaft, in der schulisches durch non-formales Lernen im regionalen Kontext ergänzt wird. Die außerschulischen Lernorte zeichnet aus, dass sie ihren Besucherinnen und Besuchern Primärerfahrungen bieten, um die außergewöhnliche Dynamik und Sensitivität des Wattenmeeres zu verdeutlichen. Allerdings schöpfen die Lernorte ihr Potenzial für das außerschulische Physiklernen nicht aus, denn obwohl insbesondere Strömungen und Strukturbildungen (z. B. Rippel, Dünen und Priele) das Erscheinungsbild des Wattenmeers prägen und dessen Dynamik repräsentieren, werden in den Bildungsangeboten bisher fast ausschließlich biologische Inhalte behandelt. Deshalb ist physikdidaktische Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeit nötig, die durch eine Didaktische Rekonstruktion von Strömungen und Strukturbildungen geleistet wird. Hierzu gehört zunächst eine fachliche Klärung. Im Anschluss werden Lernendenvorstellungen untersucht, indem problemzentrierte Interviews entlang von Realexperimenten durchgeführt und einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse unterworfen werden. Auf Basis des Vergleichs zwischen fachlicher Sicht und Lernendensicht gilt es sodann, Bausteine für didaktische Strukturierungen zu entwickeln. Diese Bausteine werden schließlich eingesetzt, um gemeinsam mit den Lernortbetreibenden Bildungsangebote zu entwickeln, die auch physikalische Zusammenhänge zur Küstendynamik explizieren.
    Keywords: Science ; Earth Sciences ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Circular Economy in Low-Carbon Transition (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The circular economy, as a new business model that is different from the economy, can achieve the reuse and recycling of waste for waste minimization, improve the efficiency of resource utilization, and mitigate carbon emissions. It is no doubt that promoting the development of the circular economy can facilitate the transition to low-carbon processes and carbon-neutral development. However, there are still several questions that need to be answered: (1) How can the circular economy contribute to a low-carbon transition? (2) How do we address the fact that the circular economy model may also cause some new environmental problems, and how should we identify what the most environmentally friendly solution is among multiple alternatives for the circular economy? (3) Governmental regulation, policies and incentives play a significant role in promoting the development of the circular economy, so what are the policy instruments that can contribute to its development? (4) How can technological progress and solutions contribute to the circular economy? (5) How can environmental impact assessments contribute to the circular economy? (6) How can we achieve a circular economy or low-carbon transition through changes in consumption behaviors? In order to answer the above-mentioned questions, we launched a Special Issue in Energies. There are a total of six papers published in this Special Issue. This e-book collects these papers to build a platform for sharing advanced concepts, tools and methods for the users to take actions to achieve a circular economy.
    Keywords: carbon label ; bibliometric analysis ; CiteSpace ; carbon labeling scheme ; purchase intention ; willingness to pay ; eco-efficiency ; environmental impact ; GHG emissions ; energy consumption ; food chain ; short food supply chains (SFSCs) ; Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) ; rice husk ; gasification ; CHP ; Aspen Plus ; simulation ; economic assessment ; circular economy ; low-carbon energy ; waste-based bioenergy ; resource efficiency ; product policy ; energy efficiency ; digitalization ; life cycle assessment ; easy-to-repair design ; built environment ; gas boilers ; heat pumps ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies
    Language: English
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    Was beeinflusst den Erfolg beim Problemlösen in der Physik? (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Problemlösen ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für das Handeln in allen Bereichen des Lebens: In einfachen Alltagssituationen, bei (natur-) wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen oder bei komplexeren gesellschaftlich relevanten Problemen spielt die Lösung von Problemen eine Rolle. Im Bereich der Physik werden insbesondere innerhalb des schulischen und universitären Kontextes Probleme bearbeitet. Die täglichen Erfahrungen des Lehrbetriebs an Hochschulen machen jedoch deutlich, dass Teile der Studierenden große Schwierigkeiten haben, Probleme erfolgreich zu lösen. Die Diskrepanz zwischen der Wichtigkeit des Problemlösens und den Schwierigkeiten, die Studierenden dabei haben, ist der Ausgangspunkt für die zentrale Fragestellung der vorliegenden Arbeit: Was unterscheidet "gute" von "schlechten" Problemlösern und welche Faktoren beeinflussen den Erfolg beim Problemlösen? Die Arbeit fokussiert hierbei auf Probleme aus dem Themenfeld der Mechanik. Mit Hilfe einer empirischen Untersuchung wird dazu beigetragen, bereits bekannte Erkenntnisse aus der traditionsreichen Forschung zum Problemlösen zu bestätigen, zu quantifizieren und zueinander in Beziehung zu setzen. Es werden sowohl quantitative als auch qualitative Eigenschaften "guter" und "schlechter" Problemlöser herausgearbeitet - gute Problemlöser können beispielsweise auf mehr Fachwissen zurückgreifen, besitzen ein höheres Selbstkonzept und machen weniger Planungsfehler beim Bearbeiten physikalischer Problemstellungen.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Nanoalloy Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Devices (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue reprint covers the most recent advances in nanoalloy electrocatalysts, concerning not only the synthesis, characterization, and modeling, but especially reports of their activity, functionality, durability, and low cost.
    Keywords: oxygen reduction reaction ; molybdenum carbide ; carbon nanotubes ; carbon xerogel ; alkaline fuel cell ; bifunctional catalyst ; electroless deposition ; fuel cells ; heterogeneous catalysis ; preparation ; carbon nanotube networks ; electrocatalysis ; desorption spectrometry ; hydrogen storage ; nanometrology ; graphene ; nanotubes thread ; palladium ; trimetallic catalysts ; nanoparticle ; borohydride oxidation ; direct borohydride peroxide fuel cell ; kinetic parameters ; intermetallic XRD patterns ; alloy formation ; ethanol electrooxidation ; metal segregation ; borohydride reduction ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    Dynamic iteration and model order reduction for magneto-quasistatic systems (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Our world today is becoming increasingly complex, and technical devices are getting ever smaller and more powerful. The high density of electronic components together with high clock frequencies leads to unwanted side-effects like crosstalk, delayed signals and substrate noise, which are no longer negligible in chip design and can only insufficiently be represented by simple lumped circuit models. As a result, different physical phenomena have to be taken into consideration since they have an increasing influence on the signal propagation in integrated circuits. Computer-based simulation methods play thereby a key role. The modelling and analysis of complex multi-physics problems typically leads to coupled systems of partial differential equations and differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Dynamic iteration and model order reduction are two numerical tools for efficient and fast simulation of coupled systems. Formodelling of low frequency electromagnetic field, we use magneto-quasistatic (MQS) systems which can be considered as an approximation to Maxwells equations. A spatial discretization by using the finite element method leads to a DAE system. We analyze the structural and physical properties of this system and develop passivity-preserving model reduction methods. A special block structure of the MQS model is exploited to to improve the performance of the model reduction algorithms.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Electronics ; Mathematics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Kompetenzaufbau zum experimentbezogenen Denken und Arbeiten (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Experimentieren kann nicht nur dazu beitragen, fachinhaltliche Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, sondern auch selbst Lerngegenstand sein. Wenig geklärt ist bisher, wie beim Experimentieren gelernt wird, worauf zu achten ist. Unklar ist auch, welche fachmethodischen Vorstellungen Lernende beim Planen, Durchführen und Auswerten aktivieren. Diesen Fragen wurde mithilfe einer schriftlichen Instruktion nachgegangen, die Lernende (Jg. 11) anregt, nicht nur Experimente durchzuführen, sondern auch über fachmethodische Grundlagen nachzudenken. Die Arbeitsphasen wurden für 42 Schülergruppen videografiert und kategorienbasiert ausgewertet, um Aussagen über Aktivitätsprofile, Vorstellungen und Kompetenzveränderungen zu generieren. Die Ergebnisse belegen die Komplexität von Lernprozessen und zeigen die Schwierigkeit, individuelle Kompetenzzuwächse auf bestimmte Prozesse zurückzuführen. Zum Beispiel konnten hohe Kompetenzzuwächse sowohl für Lernende mit häufigen fachmethodischen Beiträgen als auch für solche mit nur geringen fachmethodischen Aktivitäten festgestellt werden. Des Weiteren gehen experimentell angemessene Aktivitäten in erkennbaren Anteilen mit fachmethodisch unpassenden Vorstellungen einher, wie z.,B. bei einer korrekt vorgenommenen, aber falsch begründeten Trennung zwischen einer Beobachtung und einer Deutung. Die Arbeit liefert damit Hinweise, dass Lernende neben fachinhaltlichen auch fachmethodische Vorstellungen in den Unterricht mitbringen. Diese gilt es z.,B. durch explizite und wiederholte Thematisierung zu adressieren.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    New Perspectives on Geothermal Energy Exploration and Evaluation of Geothermal Potential (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book describes interesting case studies of the exploration, characterization, and use of geothermal resources in Spain, Sweden, Italy, Croatia, China, Djibouti, and Canada. A new open-source software, with an easy-to-use graphical user interface, is applied to assess the deep geothermal potential of the Reus-Valls sedimentary basin in Spain. Then, a high-temperature borehole thermal energy storage facility at Linköping, Sweden, is described to shift excess heat generated from a waste incineration plant during the summer to the winter season. Next, a plastic plate heat exchanger was geometrically and thermodynamically modeled, optimized, and applied to a direct geothermal heating system for a building in Southern Italy. In the last European study, in Croatia, an unconventional hydrocarbon gas reservoir is analyzed (geothermal gradient of 49°C/km), in the geothermal field Velika Ciglena. Going down to Africa, the assessment of the geothermal resources in the Asal Rift (Djibouti) through multiphase flow and heat transfer simulations is presented. Moving to Asia, in the Chinese province of Guangdong, magnetotelluric profiles are used to interpret the crust and upper mantle structure and its geothermal implications. Then, in the remote Canadian Northern regions, uncertainty and risk evaluation of deep geothermal energy resources (〉 4 km) for heat production and electricity generation are described. Finally, a literature review provides a comparison of geothermal projects in unconventional reservoirs in United Kingdom (Cornubian Batholith), Canada (Williston Sedimentary Basin), and Italy (Campi Flegrei Caldera).
    Keywords: geothermal energy ; geothermal gradient ; paleoclimate ; numerical model ; Monte Carlomethod ; heat-in-place ; theoretical potential ; technical potential ; petrothermal system ; Nunavik ; hydrothermal system ; electrical conductivity ; multiphase flow ; numerical modeling ; normal fault ; heat source ; Asal Rift ; magnetotellurics ; 2D inversion ; crust-upper mantle structure ; Late Mesozoic granite ; Guangdong Province ; unconventional geothermal resources ; geothermal drilling ; communities ; caldera ; hydrocarbon gas ; unconventional reservoirs ; drilling ; Neogene ; Croatia ; methodology ; crystalline bedrock ; energy storage ; boreholes ; logging ; thermal properties ; magnetic measurements ; VLF ; drone photogrammetry ; direct heating system ; plastic plate heat exchanger ; exergoeconomic analysis ;   ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Modeling, Simulation and Data Processing for Additive Manufacturing (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Additive manufacturing (AM) or, more commonly, 3D printing is one of the fundamental elements of Industry 4.0. and the fourth industrial revolution. It has shown its potential example in the medical, automotive, aerospace, and spare part sectors. Personal manufacturing, complex and optimized parts, short series manufacturing and local on-demand manufacturing are some of the current benefits. Businesses based on AM have experienced double-digit growth in recent years. Accordingly, we have witnessed considerable efforts in developing processes and materials in terms of speed, costs, and availability. These open up new applications and business case possibilities all the time, which were not previously in existence. Most research has focused on material and AM process development or effort to utilize existing materials and processes for industrial applications. However, improving the understanding and simulation of materials and AM process and understanding the effect of different steps in the AM workflow can increase the performance even more. The best way of benefit of AM is to understand all the steps related to that—from the design and simulation to additive manufacturing and post-processing ending the actual application.The objective of this Special Issue was to provide a forum for researchers and practitioners to exchange their latest achievements and identify critical issues and challenges for future investigations on “Modeling, Simulation and Data Processing for Additive Manufacturing”. The Special Issue consists of 10 original full-length articles on the topic.
    Keywords: selective laser melting ; finite element analysis ; thermodynamic behavior ; substrate preheating ; scanning strategy ; 24CrNiMo alloy steel ; additive manufacturing ; rapid manufacturing ; rapid prototyping ; 3D printing ; medical ; implants ; dental ; processes ; methods ; clinical ; laser additive manufacturing ; Inconel 718 ; pure Ti ; finite element modeling ; melt-pool formation ; thermo-mechanical modelling ; residual stresses ; microstructure ; Ti-6Al-4V ; acoustics ; porous materials ; material extrusion ; design for additive manufacturing ; sound absorption ; artificial neural network ; machine learning ; quality control management ; process optimization ; computing techniques ; ICT systems ; laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) ; benchmark test artifact ; numerical simulations ; dimensional metrology ; geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) ; selective laser melting (SLM) ; lattice structure ; bimetallic composite ; mechanical properties ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; digital image correlation (DIC) ; hybrid manufacturing ; inconel 625 ; EDS microanalysis ; automatic image analysis ; laser melting ; laser sintering ; AlSi10Mg ; PA12 ; Round-Robin ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Advances in Transmission Electron Microscopy for the Study of Soft and Hard Matter (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book provides readers with some examples of advanced applications of electron microscopy on organic and inorganic specimens, highlighting out how new original approaches could provide a deeper understanding of the properties of matter and how a transmission electron microscope is not only a microscope but also a flexible tool for tailoring experiments, properly suited, to the issue of interest.
    Keywords: scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) ; electron tomography (ET) ; sparse imaging ; inpainting reconstruction ; biological samples ; Trypanosoma brucei ; TEM ; in-line holography ; single particle imaging ; atomic resolution imaging ; radiation damage ; soft matter ; nanostructured drugs ; organic materials ; holography ; electron holography ; diffraction ; coherent diffraction imaging ; iterative phase retrieval ; biomolecules ; propionic acid ; autophagy ; mitophagy ; correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) ; amorphous silica ; powder diffraction ; transmission electron microscopy ; high-resolution ; spectroscopy ; electron diffraction ; electron pair distribution function ; magnetic nanoparticles ; magnetic hyperthermia ; EMCD ; EELS ; magnetism ; acceleration voltage ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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    Recent Advances and Future Trends in Nanophotonics (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Nanophotonics has emerged as a multidisciplinary frontier of science and engineering. Due to its high potential to contribute to breakthroughs in many areas of technology, nanophotonics is capturing the interest of many researchers from different fields. This Special Issue of Applied Sciences on “Recent advances and future trends in nanophotonics” aims to give an overview on the latest developments in nanophotonics and its roles in different application domains. Topics of discussion include, but are not limited to, the exploration of new directions of nanophotonic science and technology that enable technological breakthroughs in high-impact areas mainly regarding diffraction elements, detection, imaging, spectroscopy, optical communications, and computing.
    Keywords: guided-mode resonance ; electromagnetically induced transparency ; high quality factor ; double spectral ; refractive index sensor ; digital holography ; polarization sensitive imaging ; birefringence ; state of polarization (SoP) ; NIRS technology ; spectroscopy ; imaging ; bioinstrumentation ; near-infrared ; four-wave mixing ; nonlinear figure of merit ; silicon-rich nitride ; ridge waveguide ; conversion bandwidth ; integrated photonics ; InP ; magneto-optic ; MZI ; mode conversion ; PMA ; multi-layered thin film ; magnetic memory ; MOKE ; Fourier transformation ; analog optical computing ; metamaterials ; metasurfaces ; quantum algorithm ; edge detection ; graphene ; silicon ; photodetectors ; internal photoemission effect ; stimulated Raman microscopy ; pulsed source ; laser pulse bandwidths ; laser chirping ; spectral resolution ; diffractive elements ; holography ; photopolymer ; holographic optical elements ; volume gratings ; compound optical elements ; stacked gratings ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Application of Power Electronics Converters in Smart Grids and Renewable Energy Systems (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book focuses on the applications of Power Electronics Converters in smart grids and renewable energy systems. The topics covered include methods to CO2 emission control, schemes for electric vehicle charging, reliable renewable energy forecasting methods, and various power electronics converters. The converters include the quasi neutral point clamped inverter, MPPT algorithms, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, and the push–pull converter with a fuzzy logic controller.
    Keywords: allied in-situ injection and production (AIIP) ; CO2 huff and puff ; shale oil reservoirs ; enhanced oil recovery ; renewable energy sources ; forecasting ; Weibull distribution ; neural networks ; optimal economic dispatch ; particle swarm optimization ; distribution network (DN) ; doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) ; feeder automation (FA) ; compatibility ; adaptive control strategy (ACS) ; coordination technology ; air-cooled condenser ; mechanical draft wet-cooling towers ; hot recirculation rate ; complex building environment ; numerical simulation ; Neutral Point Clamped Z-Source Inverter (NPCZSI) ; shoot-through duty ratio ; modulation index ; voltage gain ; power quality ; dynamic modeling ; DC-DC converter ; electric vehicle (EV) ; charge pump capacitor ; fuzzy logic control ; maximum power point tracking ; photovoltaic ; push pull converter ; off-grid voltage source inverter ; medium voltage distribution network ; switch station ; electric vehicle ; DC–DC converter ; reconfiguration ; orderly charging ; grey wolf optimizer ; electrical harmonics ; harmonic estimation ; total harmonic distortion ; battery energy storage system ; third-harmonic current injection ; high efficiency ; active damping ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Recent Advances in Thermoelectric Materials for High Efficiency Energy Conversion and Refrigeration (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Thermoelectricity is a well-known phenomenon that enables the conversion of heat into electric energy without moving parts. Its exploitation has been widely considered to contribute to the increasing need for energy along with the concerns about the environmental impact of traditional fossil energy sources. In the last few years, significant improvements in the performance of thermoelectric materials have been achieved through chemical doping, solid solution formation, and nanoengineering approaches. Furthermore, the feasibility of flexible, stretchable, and conformable thermoelectric harvesters has been demonstrated and has attracted the interest of an audience from many different fields. However, the path for practical applications of thermoelectrics is still a long one. This Special Issue of Materials intends to bridge the gap between materials science and applications of thermoelectric materials. Many topics are welcome: new thermoelectric compounds; the correlation between material structure and thermoelectric properties; bulk thermoelectric ceramics, oxides, and chalcogenides; bulk thermoelectric alloys and intermetallics; organic and polymeric thermoelectrics; thermoelectric thin films, multilayers, and nanocomposites; theory and modeling; thermal transport and thermal conductivity; applications and devices based on thermoelectric materials; standardization and metrology; and more.
    Keywords: thermoelectricity ; skutterudites ; crystal structure ; powder x-ray diffraction ; thermal conductivity ; calcium cobaltite ; TE performance ; electrical properties ; composite ; redox tuning ; thermoelectric materials ; joining ; skutterudite alloy ; Co-Mo metallization layer ; Seebeck coefficient ; thin film ; oxides ; copper tin sulfide ; Cu2SnS3 ; CTS ; thermal stability ; chalcogenide ; material production ; porosity ; porous thermoelectric materials ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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    Improving Flood Detection and Monitoring through Remote Sensing (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: As climate-change- and human-induced floods inflict increasing costs upon the planet, both in terms of lives and environmental damage, flood monitoring tools derived from remote sensing platforms have undergone improvements in their performance and capabilities in terms of spectral, spatial and temporal extents and resolutions. Such improvements raise new challenges connected to data analysis and interpretation, in terms of, e.g., effectively discerning the presence of floodwaters in different land-cover types and environmental conditions or refining the accuracy of detection algorithms. In this sense, high expectations are placed on new methods that integrate information obtained from multiple techniques, platforms, sensors, bands and acquisition times. Moreover, the assessment of such techniques strongly benefits from collaboration with hydrological and/or hydraulic modeling of the evolution of flood events. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of recent advancements in the state of the art of flood monitoring methods and techniques derived from remotely sensed data.
    Keywords: mobile mapping system ; RRI model ; high-water marks ; inundation ; Northern Kyushu floods ; point clouds ; flood mapping ; temporary flooded vegetation (TFV) ; Sentinel-1 ; time series data ; Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ; sentinel-1 ; SAR ; flood ; image classification ; clustering ; monsoon ; Philippines ; LiDAR ; geometric parameters ; levee stability ; overtopping ; Pearl River Delta ; CYGNSS ; flood detection ; Sistan and Baluchestan ; GNSS-R ; flood monitoring ; ALOS 2 ; multi-sensor integration ; multi-temporal inundation analysis ; Zambesi-Shire river basin ; image processing ; hydrology ; synthetic aperture radar ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    Potenzialanalyse von Solarturmkraftwerken mit Flüssigmetallen als Wärmeträgermedium -- An Analysis of Potential of Solar Tower Power Plants Using Liquid Metals as Heat Transfer Fluid (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In einem Solarturmkraftwerk werden hunderte bis tausende Spiegel (sogenannte Heliostate) einzeln der Sonne nachgeführt, sodass das Sonnenlicht auf die Spitze eines Turmes konzentriert wird. Dort befindet sich der Receiver, der die Solarstrahlung absorbiert und an das Wärmeträgermedium weitergibt. Große thermische Energiespeicher erlauben die ganztägige Stromproduktion (auch Nachts). In aktuellen Solarturmkraftwerken kommen als Wärmeträger- und Speichermedium häufig flüssige Nitratsalze wie Solar Salt zum Einsatz. Aufgrund ihrer hohen Wärmekapazität und den geringen Kosten eignen sie sich sehr gut zur thermischen Energiespeicherung, jedoch bringen sie auch einige Nachteile mit sich. Flüssigmetalle weisen in vielen Punkten Vorteile gegenüber den Flüssigsalzen auf. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Eigenschaften von Flüssigmetallen detailliert analysiert und mit Solar Salt verglichen. Zur Bewertung werden die Jahreserträge bzw. die Stromgestehungskosten (LCOE) herangezogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein Potenzial zur Reduktion der Stromgestehungskosten mit Flüssigmetallen um bis zu 16 % gegenüber dem Referenzsystem mit Solar Salt, ohne dabei den Kraftwerksblock und den thermischen Speicher zu verändern.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Construction ; Technology & Engineering ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Antennas and Propagation Aspects for Emerging Wireless Communication Technologies (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The increasing demand for high data rate applications and the delivery of zero-latency multimedia content drives technological evolutions towards the design and implementation of next-generation broadband wireless networks. In this context, various novel technologies have been introduced, such as millimeter wave (mmWave) transmission, massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes in order to support the vision of fifth generation (5G) wireless cellular networks. The introduction of these technologies, however, is inextricably connected with a holistic redesign of the current transceiver structures, as well as the network architecture reconfiguration. To this end, ultra-dense network deployment along with distributed massive MIMO technologies and intermediate relay nodes have been proposed, among others, in order to ensure an improved quality of services to all mobile users. In the same framework, the design and evaluation of novel antenna configurations able to support wideband applications is of utmost importance for 5G context support. Furthermore, in order to design reliable 5G systems, the channel characterization in these frequencies and in the complex propagation environments cannot be ignored because it plays a significant role. In this Special Issue, fourteen papers are published, covering various aspects of novel antenna designs for broadband applications, propagation models at mmWave bands, the deployment of NOMA techniques, radio network planning for 5G networks, and multi-beam antenna technologies for 5G wireless communications.
    Keywords: reconfigurable antennas ; PIN diodes ; wireless applications ; fifth-generation (5G) communication ; time domain performance ; filtering antenna ; reconfigurable antenna ; UWB antenna ; IR-UWB system ; cognitive radio ; spectrum occupancy ; dynamic spectrum access ; time resolution ; directional ; sensing engine ; antennas ; radar ; vital-signs ; CW ; UWB ; building entry loss ; outdoor-to-indoor propagation ; penetration loss ; propagation loss measurement ; ray-tracing simulation ; super high frequency band propagation ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; NOMA ; full duplex ; successive relaying ; buffer-aided relaying ; low profile antenna ; impedance matching ; medical body area network ; dual resonances ; Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO), array ; 5G mm-wave ; Defected Ground Structure (DGS), ECC ; DG ; MEG ; CCL ; radio network planning ; 5G wireless communications systems ; mmWave small cells ; 5G ; MIMO ; wideband ; high isolation ; envelope correlation coefficient ; CPS (coplanar stripline) ; Yagi antenna ; filtering-radiating performance ; frequency selectivity ; early 6G ; hybrid beamforming networks ; millimeter waves ; switched beam phased arrays ; Blass matrix ; Rotman lens ; tree beamformer ; phased arrays ; high-gain array element ; sub-array ; mm-wave ; flat-top pattern ; MMW ; RF ; ray tracing ; tunnel ; scale model ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Study of an alternative phase field model for low interfacial energy in elastic solids (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In 2005, the hybrid model was published by Prof. H.-D. Alber and Prof. P. Zhu as an alternative to the Allen-Cahn model for the description of phase field transformations. With low interfacial energy, it is more efficient, since the resolution of the diffuse interface is numerically broader for the same solution accuracy and allows coarser meshing. The solutions of both models are associated with energy minimisation and in this work the error terms introduced in the earlier publications are discussed and documented using one and two dimensional numerical simulations. In the last part of this book, phase field problems, initially not coupled with material equations, are combined with linear elasticity and, after simple introductory examples, a growing martensitic inclusion is simulated and compared with literature data. In addition to the confirmed numerical advantage, another phenomenon not previously described in the literature is found: with the hybrid model, in contrast to the examples calculated with the Allen-Cahn model, an inclusion driven mainly by curvature energy does not disappear completely. The opposite problem prevents inclusions from growing from very small initial configurations, but this fact can be remedied by a very finely chosen diffuse interface width and by analysing and adjusting the terms that generate the modelling errors. The last example shows that the hybrid model can be used with numerical advantages despite the above mentioned peculiarities.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Mathematics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Implementierung fachdidaktischer Innovationen durch das Angebot materialgestützter Unterrichtskonzeptionen (Volume 314) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Ein zentrales Ziel der fachdidaktischen Forschung stellt die Verbesserung schulischen Unterrichts dar. Eine Transferstrategie zur flächendeckenden Verbreitung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse bildet die Bereitstellung evidenzbasierter, innovativer materialgestützter Unterrichtskonzeptionen. Allerdings fällt das Materialnutzungsverhalten von Lehrkräften individuell sehr unterschiedlich aus, wobei das Zusammenspiel verschiedener Einflussfaktoren auf die Materialnutzung bislang wenig erforscht ist. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es daher, dieses Wirkgefüge unter authentischen Bedingungen genauer zu untersuchen. Dazu wurde kriteriengeleitet eine evidenzbasierte, fachdidaktisch innovative Unterrichtskonzeption ausgewählt (das Münchener Unterrichtskonzept zur Quantenmechanik) und den teilnehmenden Lehrkräften fakultativ zur Verfügung gestellt. Mittels eines qualitativen Forschungsansatzes wurden elf Lehrkräfte bei der Implementierung des Konzepts durch ein Interview zu Beginn und am Ende einer Unterrichtsreihe zur Quantenmechanik sowie zwei Unterrichtsbeobachtungen mit je einem anschließenden stimulated recall begleitet. Aus den Ergebnissen folgt, dass die Probanden sich überwiegend heuristisch mit der Konzeption auseinandersetzten und lediglich Elemente auf Sichtstrukturebene implementierten. Das nachgewiesene Wirksamkeitspotential von evidenzbasierten, innovativen Unterrichtskonzeptionen scheint sich folglich lediglich unter bestimmten Bedingungsfaktoren zu entfalten.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Entwicklung und Validierung eines Testinstruments zu Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen von (angehenden) Physiklehrkräften in physikdidaktischen Handlungsfeldern (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: Die vorliegende Dissertation beschreibt den Entwicklungs- und Validierungsprozess eines neuen Testinstruments zur Erfassung von Lehrer-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen in vier physikdidaktischen Handlungsfeldern (Umgang mit Aufgaben, Experimentieren, Elementarisieren, Umgang mit Schülervorstellungen), jeweils bezüglich der Dimensionen Planung und Durchführung von Physikunterricht. Die Instrumententwicklung erfolgt in hohem Maße theoriebasiert, indem unter anderem auf der Grundlage der sozial-kognitiven Theorie Banduras Regeln für die Itemkonstruktion abgeleitet werden, die außerdem eine kritische Analyse existierender Instrumente erlauben. Der mehrschrittige Validierungsprozess ist argumentbasiert angelegt. Im Rahmen einer Interviewstudie und einer Expertenbefragung werden vor allem inhaltliche Aspekte, wie z.B. die definitionskonforme Formulierung der Items, die Abdeckung des Handlungsfeldes oder die wahrgenommene Authentizität der Items, untersucht. Im Zuge der auf eine quantitative Auswertung angelegten Hauptstudie (N approx 1000) werden vor allem psychometrische Aspekte, wie die Eindimensionalität der Skalen oder die Passung des Antwortformates, in den Blick genommen. Zusammenfassend kann ein übergeordnetes Validitätsargument in Bezug auf die intendierte Testwertinterpretation formuliert werden. Weiterer Forschungsbedarf deutet sich unter anderem bezüglich der Unterscheidung der zwei genannten Dimensionen an.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: German
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    Recent Advances in Antenna Design for 5G Heterogeneous Networks (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The aim of this book is to highlight up to date exploited technologies and approaches in terms of antenna designs and requirements. In this regard, this book targets a broad range of subjects, including the microstrip antenna and the dipole and printed monopole antenna. The varieties of antenna designs, along with several different approaches to improve their overall performance, have given this book a great value, in which makes this book is deemed as a good reference for practicing engineers and under/postgraduate students working in this field. The key technology trends in antenna design as part of the mobile communication evolution have mainly focused on multiband, wideband, and MIMO antennas, and all have been clearly presented, studied and implemented within this book. The forthcoming 5G systems consider a truly mobile multimedia platform that constitutes a converged networking arena that not only includes legacy heterogeneous mobile networks but advanced radio interfaces and the possibility to operate at mm wave frequencies to capitalize on the large swathes of available bandwidth. This provides the impetus for a new breed of antenna design that, in principle, should be multimode in nature, energy efficient, and, above all, able to operate at the mm wave band, placing new design drivers on the antenna design. Thus, this book proposes to investigate advanced 5G antennas for heterogeneous applications that can operate in the range of 5G spectrums and to meet the essential requirements of 5G systems such as low latency, large bandwidth, and high gains and efficiencies.
    Keywords: band-pass ; compact ; filter-antenna ; LTE ; microstrip ; 4G ; reconfigurable ; tunable ; radio frequency ; filter ; antenna ; filter–antenna ; filtenna ; fourth generation (4G) ; fifth-generation (5G) ; isolation enhancement ; surface waves ; gain ; circuit model ; line resonators ; MIMO antennas ; 5G ; asymmetric patch ; dual polarization ; dual resonance ; reflectarray ; unit cell ; slotted-stub ; RF energy harvesting ; impedance matching network (IMN) ; power conversion efficiency ; rectifier ; IoT ; 5G antenna ; shell ; devices ; directivity ; bandwidth ; green’s functions ; method of moments ; uniaxial anisotropy ; input impedance ; field distributions ; dipole antenna ; 4-elements ; 8-elements ; UWB ; MIMO ; ECC ; isolation ; dual-band ; mobile IoT ; autonomous vehicles ; B5G ; V2X ; DSRC ; WiFi 6 band ; Sirius/XM Radio ; ISM band ; smart eyewear antenna ; slot antenna ; MIMO system ; Wi-Fi 6e ; polycarbonate ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Appropriate Wisdom, Technology, and Management toward Environmental Sustainability for Development (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The protection and maintenance of environmental resources for future generations require responsible interaction between humans and the environment in order to avoid wasting natural resources. According to an ancient Native American proverb, “We do not inherit the Earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children.” This indigenous wisdom has the potential to play a significant role in defining environmental sustainability. Recent technological advances could sustain humankind and allow for comfortable living. However, not all of these advancements have the potential to protect the environment for future generations. Developing societies and maintaining the sustainability of the ecosystem require appropriate wisdom, technology, and management collaboration. This book is a collection of 19 important articles (15 research articles, 3 review papers, and 1 editorial) that were published in the Special Issue of the journal Sustainability entitled “Appropriate Wisdom, Technology, and Management toward Environmental Sustainability for Development” during 2021-2022.addresses the policymakers and decision-makers who are willing to develop societies that practice environmental sustainability, by collecting the most recent contributions on the appropriate wisdom, technology, and management regarding the different aspects of a community that can retain environmental sustainability.
    Keywords: metals ; arsenic ; pollution ; Mexico ; developing countries ; landfill ; urban solid waste ; disposal ; waste management ; sustainable development goals ; ethnobotany ; human health ; poverty ; traditional knowledge ; sustainable agriculture ; wheat ; seed rate ; yield effect ; dose–response ; seed recycling ; cost–benefit analysis ; blockchain ; SDGs ; innovation ; COVID-19 ; green recovery ; scorecard ; construction sector ; economy ; intersectoral linkages ; VECM ; forecasting ; sustainable development ; eco-friendly sound-absorbing material ; corrugated cardboard ; perforated corrugated cardboard ; sound-absorption coefficient ; sound transmission loss ; transfer function method ; transfer matrix method ; multi-frequency resonator ; self-compacting concrete ; crumb rubber ; strength ; silica fume ; response surface methodology ; biodiesel ; engine performance ; emissions ; natural feedstocks ; production method ; ethical marketing ; extended marketing mix ; consumer brand relationships ; brand loyalty ; sustainability ; rice husk ; power plants ; CO2 ; emission reductions ; Clean Development Mechanism ; rural clean heating project ; rural Gansu ; potential solutions ; benchmarking ; fisheries ; aquaculture ; food security ; Bangladesh ; humanitarian logistics ; pandemic ; economic reactivation ; spatial modelling ; sustainable construction ; construction waste reduction ; modelling of waste (reduce, reuse and recycle) ; PLS-SEM ; industry 4.0 ; circular economy ; environmental regulations ; manufacturing supply chains ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; groundwater level ; groundwater resource ; groundwater management models ; groundwater monitoring system ; wireless sensor network ; MENA Islamic cities ; urban management ; sustainable built environment ; supplier selection ; product life cycle cost ; geometric mean weighting ; penalty weighting ; multiobjective linear programming ; revised multichoice goal programming ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    Die Entwicklung der Professionellen Unterrichtswahrnehmung im Lehr-Lern-Labor Seminar (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: In Lehr-Lern-Labor Seminaren können Lehramtsstudierende ihr fachliches, didaktisches und pädagogisches Wissen aufgreifen und in komplexitätsreduzierten Handlungsumgebungen anwenden. Dabei erstellen sie Experimentierstationen, um anschließend in einer iterativen Praxis mehrmals Schülerinnen und Schüler an diesen Stationen zu betreuen. Grundlegend für dieses Vorgehen sind Reflexionsprozesse zwischen den Betreuungen. Inwieweit diese Reflexionsprozesse die Entwicklung der Professionellen Unterrichtswahrnehmung der Studierenden fördern, wurde mit dieser Arbeit untersucht. Als ergänzende Intervention wurden fragenbasierte Videoanalysen der eigenen Betreuungen in das Seminar implementiert. Die Regressionsanalysen zeigten, dass sich die Professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung der Studierenden durch die Teilnahme am Seminar verbesserte, wenn zusätzlich das eigene Vorgehen und das ihrer Kommilitonen anhand der erstellten Videos analysiert wurden. Ohne Videoanalyse konnte keine Veränderung festgestellt werden.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Kognitive und motivationale Dynamik in Schülerlaboren (Volume 302) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Bei Schülerlaboren als wichtigem Teil außerschulischer MINT-Bildung besteht ein Forschungsdefizit hinsichtlich kognitiver und motivationaler Prozesse auf Seiten der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Mit einem Design-based Research Ansatz klärt die Studie deshalb die Dynamik der Lehr- und Lernprozesse in Schülerlaboren auf und erlaubt es, die Lernangebote mit Blick auf generelle Bildungsziele und spezifische Ziele der Labore empiriebasiert weiterzuentwickeln. Um Angebots-Nutzungs-Prozesse zu untersuchen, wird ein Analyseinstrument entwickelt; es erlaubt gleichermaßen, die didaktische Struktur der Angebote in einer SWOT-Analyse zu erfassen und die ablaufenden Denk- und Lernprozesse der Schülerinnen und Schüler empirisch zu erheben. Das Instrument fokussiert auf drei Dimensionen: die Orientierung der Angebote an Kontexten, die Integration von Problemlöseaufgaben und die Unterstützung von Autonomie der Schülerinnen und Schüler beim Entscheiden und Handeln. Die Ergebnisse der SWOT-Analyse werden mit empirischen Daten, die mit ethnografischen Methoden gewonnen werden, validiert. Eine daraufhin weiterentwickelte didaktische Struktur der Angebote ist hinsichtlich einer differenzierten Kontextualisierung, des Einsatzes narrativer Anker, die Problemlöseaufgaben einleiten, sowie einer phasenweisen Öffnung der Angebote verändert und führt zu besserem Verständnis fachlicher Inhalte und zu einer höheren Motivation.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Entwicklung und Validierung eines Instruments zur Erfassung der professionellen Unterrichtswahrnehmung angehender Physiklehrkräfte (Volume 298) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: Die professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung ist eine zentrale und situative Fähigkeit, die (angehende) Lehrkräfte befähigt, Lernprozesse im Unterricht zu erkennen, mithilfe ihres professionellen Wissens zu interpretieren und anschließend lernförderliche Handlungspläne abzuleiten. Der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt die Forschungsfrage zugrunde, ob diese Fähigkeit mit einem physikspezifischen Fokus mithilfe eines Instruments - bestehend aus inszenierten Unterrichtsvideos und einem teilweise geschlossenen Fragebogen - valide erfasst werden kann. Ein solches Instrument könnte dazu dienen, herauszufinden, ob die professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung domänenspezifisch ist (Hypothese 1) und ob diese situative Fähigkeit entlang der universitären Ausbildung eine Progression erfährt (Hypothese 2).  Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit ergeben 19 Items (EAP Reliabilität liegt bei 0.698), mit denen eine physikspezifische professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung gemessen werden kann. Weitere Analysen (zur Korrelation mit dem physikdidaktischen Wissen und der Abhängigkeit von studiumsbezogenen Daten) stützen die Konstruktvalidität des Tests. In Bezug auf Hypothese 1 hat sich wie erwartet gezeigt, dass die physikspezifische professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung signifikant von dem studierten Fach und dem Studiengang abhängt. Anders als erwartet ergeben die Ergebnisse zur Hypothese 2, dass die professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung aber nicht signifikant vom Studienfortschritt abhängt.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Advanced Alloys (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In many industrial applications, metallic materials are exposed to harsh operating conditions. Due to a combination of chemical and thermal stresses, the constructional and functional materials are degraded, and their utility properties are lost. These undesirable events are of a physicochemical nature and are commonly known as ‘corrosion’. In this Special Issue Book, 3 reviews and 18 original research papers focused on the complex relationships between the microstructure, phase constitution, and corrosion behavior of metallic materials are collected. Both high temperature and low temperature corrosion studies are included as they investigate the physicochemical processes at the material interfaces. Furthermore, possibilities for increasing the corrosion resistance of metallic materials are studied by means of surface modification and application of protective layers. This Special Issue Book, Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Advanced Alloys, displays the diversity and complexity of modern corrosion research. It is hoped that it will become a valuable source of reference for corrosion scientists.
    Keywords: chemical corrosion ; SiMo cast iron ; fayalite ; hematite ; magnetite ; maghemite ; sulfur dioxide ; molar ratio index ; steam generator ; tubesheet ; crevice chemistry ; galvanic couple ; Al alloy ; Co alloy ; complex intermetallic ; oxidation kinetics ; oxide scale ; nanostructured coatings ; microhardness ; corrosion resistance ; electrochemical deposition ; ZK60 magnesium alloys ; microstructure ; filiform-like corrosion ; corrosion pit ; austenitic steels ; general (uniform) corrosion ; pitting corrosion ; crevice corrosion ; intergranular corrosion ; galvanic couplings ; nickel release ; contact with skin ; medical devices ; watchmaking ; high-pressure CO2 corrosion ; corrosion inhibition ; gum arabic ; carbon steel N80 ; Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy ; natural aging ; stress corrosion cracking ; SSRT ; PFZ ; additive manufacturing ; direct energy deposition ; wire arc additive manufacturing ; 316L stainless steel ; stress corrosion ; AA5754 ; corrosion ; oxygen hardening ; Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy ; tribocorrosion behavior ; micromechanical properties ; automotive steel ; atmospheric corrosion ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; cyclic corrosion test ; iron oxide ; light alloys ; Al-Mg ; high-strength ; mechanical properties ; precipitation ; ledeburitic steel ; sub-zero treatment ; potentiodynamic polarisation ; weathered galvanised steel ; predictive models ; optimisation ; silicon steel ; electrical steel ; grain size ; electrochemical corrosion ; carbon dioxide ; AM-KPFM Volta potential measurements ; Zn-based alloy ; Sn-addition ; corrosion products ; salt spray test ; corrosion penetration depth ; weight loss ; phase composition ; XRD ; DSC ; microstructure formation ; intermetallic phases ; aluminum ; transition metal ; quasicrystal ; approximant ; duplex steels ; welded joints ; corrosion tests ; chloride environment ; scaffolds ; bioabsorbable metals ; biodegradation ; lattice structures ; stiffness properties ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Wissenschaftliche Kontroversen im Physikunterricht (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Erkenntnisgewinnung ist in den Naturwissenschaften untrennbar mit wissenschaftlichen Kontroversen verknüpft, die auch für den Physikunterricht einen Bildungswert besitzen, insbesondere im Hinblick auf kritische Urteilsbildung, Multiperspektivität und ein angemessenes Nature-of-Science-Verständnis. Basierend auf einer Charakterisierung wissenschaftlicher Kontroversen wird am Beispiel der Frage nach der Relativität der Masse in der Speziellen Relativitätstheorie in einer explorativ-qualitativen Studie untersucht, wie Physiklehrkräfte und Physiklehramtsstudierende mit einer solchen Kontroverse umgehen und inwieweit sie deren Bildungswert nutzen. Dazu werden sowohl Gedankenauflistungen, die von den Befragten nach dem Lesen von Textmaterialien zu den unterschiedlichen Fachpositionen erstellt wurden, als auch Antworten zu verschiedenen Textvignetten mit Hilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass die Studierenden häufiger offen gegenüber den kontroversen fachwissenschaftlichen Positionen sind als die Lehrkräfte. Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Realisierung des Bildungswertes im Unterrichtskontext werden mithilfe von fünf Typen systematisch beschrieben. Ein Großteil der Befragten weist dabei Ansätze zur Umsetzung von Kontroversität im Physikunterricht auf. Die Mehrheit vertritt auch eine eigene fachwissenschaftliche Position und ein Teil der Befragten nutzt die wissenschaftliche Kontroverse zur Thematisierung von Nature-of-Science-Aspekten.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Polymer Composites for Electrical and Electronic Engineering Application (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Polymer composite materials have attracted great interest for the development of electrical and electronic engineering and technology, and have been widely applied in electrical power systems, electrical insulation equipment, electrical and electronic devices, etc. Due to the significant expansion in the use of newly developed polymer composite materials, it is necessary to understand and accurately describe the relationship between composite structure and material properties, as only based on thorough laboratory characterization is it possible to estimate the properties for their future commercial applications. This book focuses on polymer composites applied in the field of electrical and electronic equipment, including but not limited to synthesis and preparation of new polymeric materials, structure–properties relationship of polymer composites, evaluation of materials application, simulation and modelling of material performance.
    Keywords: aramid nanofiber ; hydrogen bonds ; electric breakdown strength ; mechanical strength ; alumina nanoplates ; SiC crystal form ; micro-nano compound ; thermal conductivity ; breakdown field strength ; space charge ; polyimide polymer ; unipolar electrical stress ; temperature ; frequency ; surface streamer discharge ; silicone rubber coating ; three-electrode arrangement ; thermally stimulated current method ; surface properties ; dielectric elastomer ; intrinsic property ; energy harvesting ; epoxy resins ; Langmuir ; terahertz ; molecular simulation ; prediction ; epoxy resin ; partial discharge ; active product ; electro-thermal dissociation ; reactive molecular dynamics ; polyimide ; graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets ; polydopamine ; interfacial interaction ; breakdown strength ; molecular dynamics simulation ; damping performance ; nitrile-butadiene rubber ; graphene oxide ; antioxidant 4010NA ; droplet vibration ; high voltage insulator ; polymeric surface ; corona discharge ; arcing ; creepage distance ; streamer discharge ; curved profiles ; streamer propagation “stability” field ; streamer propagation path ; streamer propagation velocity ; Eucommia ulmoides gum ; carbon nanotubes ; graphene ; electromagnetic shielding ; honeycomb sandwich composites ; metamaterial ; radar stealth ; microwave absorbing material ; low frequency ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    Would Trotsky Wear a Bluetooth? (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: After visiting Russia in 1921, the journalist Lincoln Steffens famously declared, ”I have seen the future, and it works.” Steffens referred to the social experiment of technological utopianism he found in the Soviet Union, where subway cars and farm tractors would carry the worker and peasant—figuratively and literally—into the twentieth century. Believing that socialism and technology together created a brave new world, Boleslaw Bierut of Poland and Kim Il Sung of North Korea—and other leaders—joined Russia’s Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky in embracing big technology with a verve and conviction that rivaled the western world's.Paul R. Josephson here explores these utopian visions of technology—and their unanticipated human and environmental costs. He examines the role of technology in communist plans and policies and the interplay between ideology and technological development. He shows that while technology was a symbol of regime legitimacy and an engine of progress, the changes it spurred were not unequivocally positive. Instead of achieving a worker’s paradise, socialist technologies exposed the proletariat to dangerous machinery and deadly pollution; rather than freeing women from exploitation in family and labor, they paradoxically created for them the dual—and exhausting—burdens of mother and worker. The future did not work. The fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of communism’s self-proclaimed glorious quest to "reach and surpass" the West. Josephson’s intriguing study of how technology both helped and hindered this effort asks new and important questions about the crucial issues inextricably linked with the development and diffusion of technology in any sociopolitical system.
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Advances in Selective Flotation and Leaching Process in Metallurgy (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Metals are necessary to maintaining living standards in modern society, due to their countless applications in transportation, building and construction, household appliances, electronic devices, etc. Therefore, humans’ generation and consumption of metals is considerable, and demand is projected to skyrocket continuously as technology advances. Unfortunately, easily exploitable ore deposits have been depleted, which forces mining industries to develop complex ore deposits with low-grade and fine grain sizes to meet the high forecasted demand for metals. In general, metals can be extracted from ores in two ways; either by the concentration of valuable minerals via flotation followed by smelting, or by direct extraction of metals from ores via leaching followed by purification and recovery processes. The first stages in each scenario, flotation and leaching are, therefore, of crucial importance to ensuring the continued supply of metals. This book is a compilation of a Special Issue of Metals, entitled “Advances in Selective Flotation and Leaching Process in Metallurgy”, where 12 papers contributed by experts in the area were published. Papers published in this Special Issue cover a wide range of topics, including flotation, microencapsulation, agglomeration, leaching, solvent extraction, electrowinning, precipitation, and cementation. All the papers are of high scientific value and will be of great interest to the readers of Metals.
    Keywords: agglomeration ; emulsified oil ; emulsifiers ; flotation ; fine chalcopyrite ; plate-packed flotation column ; fine bauxite particles ; bubble characteristics ; porphyry copper deposits ; chalcopyrite ; molybdenite ; conventional and alternative depression techniques ; copper ; antimony ; hydrochloric acid leaching ; speiss ; porphyry deposits ; microencapsulation ; FePO4 coating ; seafloor massive sulfide ; lead-activated sphalerite ; anglesite ; EDTA ; O-isopropyl-N-ethyl thionocarbamate (IPETC) ; elemental sulfur ; flotation performance ; structure–property relationship ; adsorption mechanism ; tailings valorization ; high-pressure leaching ; copper recovery ; acid mine drainage ; metal elution ; ammonium thiosulfate ; gold ; cementation ; galvanic interaction ; zero-valent aluminum ; activated carbon ; REMs ; secondary resources ; recycling ; pretreatment ; hydrometallurgy ; Nd-Fe-B magnet ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Grinding and Concentration Technology of Critical Metals (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The production and supply of raw materials is a basic ecosystem service, the origin of multiple production value chains. In 2011, the European Union elaborated a list of critical raw materials (CRMs), taking the economic and strategic importance for the European economy and the supply risk. Although focused mainly on the energy sector, the USA, Canada, and other countries took recently similar steps. Despite the great inertia characterising the mineral raw materials sector, some steps towards the Industry 4.0 paradigm can be envisaged. Significant challenges to the mining sector are the appropriate process design using the best available technologies; the increase in energy efficiency; the responsible use of water and handling of mining wastes; the social acceptance of the activity; and the digitalisation challenge. This book aims to propose strategies that can help face those challenges, especially in increasing energy efficiency in comminution operations.
    Keywords: comminution ; simulation ; work index ; grindability ; critical metals ; ball mill ; kinetic grinding ; specific grinding rate ; Sn–Ta–Nb ; Penouta Mine ; critical raw materials ; tungsten ore ; grinding kinetics ; ball mills ; grinding media ; energy efficiency ; Bond work index ; bond work index ; particle size distribution ; metallurgical coke ; electrofragmentation ; Marx generator ; modeling ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
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    SMARTI - Sustainable Multi-functional Automated Resilient Transport Infrastructure (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The world’s transport network has developed over thousands of years; emerging from the need of allowing more comfortable trips to roman soldiers to the modern smooth roads enabling modern vehicles to travel at high speed and to allow heavy airplanes to take off and land safely. However, in the last two decades the world is changing very fast in terms of population growth, mobility and business trades creating greater traffic volumes and demand for minimal disruption to users, but also challenges, such as climate change and more extreme weather events. At the same time, technology development to allow a more sustainable transport sector continue apace. It is within this environment and in close consultation with key stakeholders, that this consortium developed the vision to achieve the paradigm shift to Sustainable Multifunctional Automated and Resilient Transport Infrastructures. SMARTI ETN is a training-through-research programme that empowered Europe by forming a new generation of multi-disciplinary professionals able to conceive the future of transport infrastructures and this Special Issue is a collection of some of the scientific work carried out within this context. Enjoy the read.
    Keywords: accelerated pavement testing (APT) ; fatigue ; piezoelectric sensor ; pavement responses ; longitudinal strain ; pavement management system ; embedded sensors ; piezoelectric sensors ; accelerated pavement testing ; life cycle assessment ; environmental impact ; solar road ; semi-transparent layer ; factorial design ; polyurethane ; road pavement distress ; low-cost technologies ; 3D models ; structure-from-motion ; semi-analytical model ; Joints ; rigid pavement ; falling weight deflectometer ; rolling wheel deflectometer ; load transfer ; monitoring ; instrumentation ; road pavement ; sensors ; mechanomutable asphalt materials ; MAMs ; smart materials ; smart roads ; magnetic fields ; pavement monitoring ; accelerometers ; geophones ; pavement instrumentation ; pavement displacement ; condition assessments ; smart infrastructure ; sustainability ; resilience ; land use optimisation ; transport ; geotechnical asset management ; embankment degradation ; railway track degradation ; maintenance ; Euler Bernoulli beam ; poissonian loading ; tuned mass damper ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    High Performance Textiles (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: High-performance or hi-tech textiles represent the keystone of the present and the future for all industrial sectors, which require lightening, flexibility, and the high mechanical resistance as well as thermal stability of the materials. As described within this Special Issue, the applications of these advanced systems are innovative and also highly technological: from water-repellent to stain-resistant fabrics, from being flame-resistant to antibacterial/antifouling, from being insulating to conductive, and from environmental protection systems to smart textiles. High-performance textiles also meet all of the actual requirements of sustainability and environmental protection of modern industry.
    Keywords: 3-D honeycomb woven fabric ; CB/CIP ; mechanical property ; EM wave-absorbing property ; soybean oil ; glycerol ; nonthermal plasma ; para-aramid textiles ; cationic dye ; selenium nanoparticles ; polypropylene ; coloration ; antibacterial ; conductivity ; UV protection ; metamaterials ; high-performance textiles ; wearable antenna ; textile antennas ; polymer ; cotton/lycra composites ; silica nanoparticles ; antibacterial activity ; self-cleaning ; aramid fibers ; surface modification ; adhesion ; interphase ; interfacial shear strength ; flexography ; e-textiles ; wearables ; printed-electronics ; textiles ; electronic textiles ; Ag/TiO2 ; nanocomposite ; photocatalysis ; viscose fibers ; leather ; sonochemical ; toxicity ; footwear ; multifunctional finishing ; wool fabrics ; UV-blocking properties ; antimicrobial activity ; para-aramid ; ambient air ; acrylic acid ; acrylated epoxidized soybean oil ; metasurface ; high performance textiles ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    Wastewater Treatment by Adsorption and/or Ion-Exchange Processes for Resource Recovery (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The triple-R model (reduce, reuse, and recycle) is the essential concept of the circular economy. Due to population growth, the recovery of added-value products from wastes has become a challenge. Wastewaters of different origin (urban, industrial, mining, textile, distillery, and microbial culture, among others) are rich in energy, water, and nutrient sources that can be recovered and reused within a circular economy framework. Recently, wastewater treatment plants have been converted into biofactories, since they can convert waste into new products (water, nutrients, fertilizers, biomethane, electricity, heat, etc.) with a minimal environmental impact. In this context, adsorption and ion-exchange, as well as the integration of both processes, have been proposed as promising technologies for the treatment of wastewaters for resource recovery. Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue, entitled “Wastewater Treatment by Adsorption and/or Ion-Exchange Processes for Resource Recovery”, is to promote these two processes as innovative and environmentally friendly alternatives for the recovery of secondary raw materials from by-products or waste streams. These processes could improve the environmental, economic, and social impacts of the currently used wastewater treatment techniques.
    Keywords: clay ; dye ; adsorption ; isotherm ; kinetics ; hydroxyapatite ; calcium carbonate ; coating ; heavy metal sorption ; groundwater remediation ; adsorption technology ; ultra-sonication ; phosphate removal ; granular ferric hydroxide ; micro-sized adsorbents ; organic acid ; circular economy ; optimization process ; bio-economy ; response surface methodology ; corn stream ; surface-active compounds ; eco-adsorbents ; green membranes ; resource recovery ; hybrid biosorbent ; desorption ; thermodynamic ; nanofiltration ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    Various Adsorbents for Water Purification Processes (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The development of effective treatment methods or the synthesis of new effective adsorbents capable of selective sorption of toxic substances is now of great importance. This reprint contains articles focused on wastewater treatment containing heavy metal ions, and hormones from synthetic and real solutions using different types of adsorbent, such as synthetic ion exchangers, natural and synthetic aluminosilicates, zeolites, magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes, biosorbents, imprinted polymers, and magnetic adsorbents, as well as cost estimation of activated carbon production from waste nutshells by physical activation could be found.
    Keywords: economic evaluation ; production cost ; nutshell waste ; activated carbon ; magnetic multiwall carbon nanotube ; adsorption ; kinetics ; isotherm ; thermodynamic ; lead ; date seeds ; thermodynamics ; T. longibrachiatum ; T. fasciculatum ; bioadsorption ; cadmium ; heavy metals ; isotherms ; bioadsorption mechanism ; mycoremediation ; amino group ; kinetic ; multifunction ; cation ; anion ; β-estradiol ; akaganeite nanorods ; adsorptive removal ; endocrine disruptors ; desirability function ; divalent cobalt ; Lemna gibba ; biosorption ; desorption ; SEM-EDX ; androgenic hormones ; solid-phase extraction ; molecularly imprinted polymers ; trenbolone ; nickel removal ; ion exchangers ; water pollution ; Lewatit MonoPlus TP220 ; lead (II) ; Azadirachta indica leaves ; water ; metals ; smectite ; kaolinite ; zeolites ; nanomaterials ; remediation ; bioelectrochemical systems ; wastewater ; nanocomposites ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    Perspectives On Lhc Physics (2022)
    World Scientific Publishing Company | World Scientific
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), located at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, is the world's largest and highest energy and highest intensity particle accelerator. Here is a timely book with several perspectives on the hoped-for discoveries from the LHC.This book provides an overview on the techniques that will be crucial for finding new physics at the LHC, as well as perspectives on the importance and implications of the discoveries. Among the accomplished contributors to this book are leaders and visionaries in the field of particle physics beyond the Standard Model, including two Nobel Laureates (Steven Weinberg and Frank Wilczek), and presumably some future Nobel Laureates, plus top younger theorists and experimenters. With its blend of popular and technical contents, the book will have wide appeal, not only to physical scientists but also to those in related fields.
    Keywords: Physics ; High Energy Physics / Particle Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Machineries of Oil (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The emergence of the international oil corporation as a political actor in the twentieth century, seen in BP's infrastructure and information arrangements in Iran. In the early twentieth century, international oil corporations emerged as a new kind of political actor. The development of the world oil industry, argues Katayoun Shafiee, was one of the era's largest political projects of techno-economic development. In this book, Shafiee maps the machinery of oil operations in the Anglo-Iranian oil industry between 1901 and 1954, tracking the organizational work involved in moving oil through a variety of technical, legal, scientific, and administrative networks. She shows that, in a series of disagreements, the British-controlled Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC, which later became BP) relied on various forms of information management to transform political disputes into techno-economic calculation, guaranteeing the company complete control over profits, labor, and production regimes. She argues that the building of alliances and connections that constituted Anglo-Iranian oil's infrastructure reconfigured local politics of oil regions and examines how these arrangements in turn shaped the emergence of both nation-state and transnational oil corporation. Drawing on her extensive archival and field research in Iran, Shafiee investigates the surprising ways in which nature, technology, and politics came together in battles over mineral rights; standardizing petroleum expertise; formulas for calculating profits, production rates, and labor; the “Persianization” of employees; nationalism and oil nationalization; and the long-distance machinery of an international corporation. Her account shows that the politics of oil cannot be understood in isolation from its technical dimensions.
    Keywords: Iran ; British Petroleum ; Oil ; Infrastructure ; Trans-national corporation ; Democracy ; Techno-science ; Science and Technology Studies ; Middle East ; Socio-technical system ; Oil Concession ; Anglo-Iranian Oil Company ; British Admiralty ; Sheikh Khaz'al ; Standardization ; Natural resources ; Petroleum expertise ; Oil cartel ; Nationalism ; communism ; race ; labor ; oil nationalization ; boycott ; oil consortium ; energy crisis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Latest Advances in Nanoplasmonics and Use of New Tools for Plasmonic Characterization (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Nanoplasmonics is an area that uses light to couple electrons in metals, and can break the diffraction limit for light confinement into subwavelength zones, allowing for strong field enhancements. In the last two decades, there has been a resurgence of this research topic and its applications. Thus, this Special Issue presents a collection of articles and reviews by international researchers and is devoted to the recent advances in and insights into this research topic, including plasmonic devices, plasmonic biosensing, plasmonic photocatalysis, plasmonic photovoltaics, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy.
    Keywords: plasmonics ; localized surface plasmon resonance ; high pressure ; sensing ; SERS ; two-dimensional material ; titanium carbide MXene ; near-field enhancement ; plasmonic material ; optical properties of ultra-thin dielectric films ; surface plasmon spectroscopy ; spectroscopic ellipsometry ; SHINERS ; core–shell nanoparticles ; catalysis ; electrochemistry ; nanowires ; back reflector ; solar cells ; plasmonic ; III-V semiconductor ; surface plasmon resonance ; photonic crystal D-shaped fiber ; refractive index sensor ; dispersion sensor ; second-order dispersion sensor ; waveguide ; SPPs ; FDTD ; bandstop filter ; CMT ; nanocrystalline cellulose ; optical characterization ; copper ion ; poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) ; structural properties ; optical properties ; Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) ; fabrication ; application ; agriculture ; food safety ; gold ; nanoparticles ; thiophenol ; silicon ; nonlinear optics ; sum-frequency generation ; UV-vis spectroscopy ; atomic force microscopy ; CLIO free electron laser ; inverse problem ; copper ; copper oxide ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    Water Security and Governance in Catchments (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book addresses several issues on water security and governance, helping readers to understand how the desire for water-secure basins can be accomplished through an interplay of water security, water resources management and water policies. The book contains a collection of 12 papers addressing specific as well as interlinked topics within the Special Issue scope. The editors are grateful to all contributors who made the book a reality.
    Keywords: hydroelectric power ; physicochemical parameters ; Iberian Bio-monitoring Working Party index ; riparian forest quality ; riverbank erosion ; restoration ; bank stabilisation ; vegetation revetment ; Bangladesh ; climate resilience ; flood protection ; machine learning ; socio-environmental impacts ; environmental monitoring ; water quality ; surface water ; groundwater ; drinking water ; water quality management ; TMDL ; E. coli ; water reuse ; water availability ; governance ; oasis irrigation district ; stability evaluation ; suitable scale ; irrigation management ; rice ; percolation ; scale effects ; hydrologic cycle ; water security ; precipitation ; drought ; flood ; transport planning ; research gap ; water strategy ; Azraq Basin ; water management ; water governance ; integrated river basin management ; good governance ; flow ; water discharge ; land use ; land change ; SWAT model ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    Professionsbezogene Wirkungen einer Lehr-Lern-Labor-Veranstaltung (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Fachdidaktisches Wissen gilt als wichtige Gelingensbedingung für einen professionell durchgeführten Unterricht. Positive Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen, vielfältige Unterrichtskompetenzen sowie eine befürwortende Einstellung gegenüber der Reflexion von Unterricht sind darüber hinaus Indikatoren einer gelingenden Professionalisierung. Professionelle Handlungskompetenz entwickelt sich vornehmlich, wenn angehende Lehrkräfte die Gelegenheit bekommen theoretische Wissensanteile in der Praxis umzusetzen und diesen Transfer zu reflektieren. Die unreflektierte Absolvierung von Unterrichtspraktika birgt nämlich die Gefahr eines "Praxisschocks". Um dem vorzubeugen, ist es förderlich, praktische Studienanteile in ihrer Komplexität sukzessive zu steigern. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Lehr-Lern-Labore (LLL) diesen Anforderungen genügen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die professionalisierende Wirkung dieses Veranstaltungskonzepts am Beispiel des LLL "Schwimmen, Schweben, Sinken" multimethodisch untersucht. Dabei wurden Gruppendiskussionen und Interviews, eine hoch inferente Fremdeinschätzungserhebung sowie eine Prä-Post-Fragebogenstudie mit Studierenden der Bachelorstudiengänge Lehramt Physik sowie Grundschulpädagogik (Sachunterricht) an der Freien Universität Berlin durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Lehr-Lern-Labor-Veranstaltungen einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Anbahnung sowie zur Unterstützung der Professionalisierung von Lehrkräften bereits während des Studiums leisten können, ohne dass es zum "Praxisschock" kommt.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Nonparametric Statistical Inference with an Emphasis on Information-Theoretic Methods (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book addresses contemporary statistical inference issues when no or minimal assumptions on the nature of studied phenomenon are imposed. Information theory methods play an important role in such scenarios. The approaches discussed include various high-dimensional regression problems, time series and dependence analyses.
    Keywords: high-dimensional time series ; nonstationarity ; network estimation ; change points ; kernel estimation ; high-dimensional regression ; loss function ; random predictors ; misspecification ; consistent selection ; subgaussianity ; generalized information criterion ; robustness ; statistical learning theory ; information theory ; entropy ; parameter estimation ; learning systems ; privacy ; prediction methods ; misclassification risk ; model misspecification ; penalized estimation ; supervised classification ; variable selection consistency ; archimedean copula ; consistency ; estimation ; extreme-value copula ; tail dependency ; multivariate analysis ; conditional mutual information ; CMI ; information measures ; nonparametric variable selection criteria ; gaussian mixture ; conditional infomax feature extraction ; CIFE ; joint mutual information criterion ; JMI ; generative tree model ; Markov blanket ; minimum distance estimation ; maximum likelihood estimation ; influence functions ; adaptive splines ; B-splines ; right-censored data ; semiparametric regression ; synthetic data transformation ; time series ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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    ZEMCH International Research 2020 (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Globally, record weather temperatures and changing climatic patterns, attributed partly to energy use and related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, indicate that the issue of global warming cannot be marginalized. In most countries buildings account for a significant share of the total final energy consumed and are responsible for associated CO2 emissions. In response to market needs and demands for social, economic, and environmental sustainability of housing in developed and developing countries, the Zero-Energy Mass Custom Home (ZEMCH), integrating lean design and sustainable construction concepts, was envisaged and discussed internationally. To deliver a marketable and reliable near-zero-energy/emission-conscious mass custom home, various key design, technological, production and marketing, and delivery and operational parameters need to be optimized harmoniously. This book compiles recent research articles of ZEMCH International Research 2020. A wide range of ZEMCH topics, including building envelope evaluations, occupant choice and experience, indoor environmental quality, automated control systems, mass customization, and integration of renewable energy, on both building and urban scales are covered. It aims to address current questions as well as present challenges and opportunities for continuous development of built environments for users with diverse socio-economic backgrounds and cultural differences in developed and developing countries.
    Keywords: air-type PVT collector ; CFD (computational fluid dynamic) ; thermal performance ; triangular baffles ; reinforced concrete column ; confinement effects ; energy dissipation ; mass customisation ; customer integration ; residential ; practices ; mass customization ; social housing ; post-occupancy ; PV/T system ; dual-fluid ; glass-to-glass ; simulation ; model validation ; energy labeling program for windows ; double windows ; overall thermal transmittance of windows ; optical sensing ; particulate matter ; sustainable indoor environment ; contaminant control ; energy performance gap ; dynamic energy performance gap ; building energy audit ; POE study ; dynamic building simulation ; simulation model validation and calibration ; BESS (battery energy storage system) ; balcony photovoltaic system ; apartment houses ; operation modes ; zero-energy houses ; BIPVT (building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal) ; AHU (air handling unit) ; mock-up experiment ; thermal and electrical efficiency ; newlyweds ; fertility intention ; demographics ; socioeconomics ; housing situation ; residential satisfaction ; housing expectation ; housing policy ; building envelope thermal defects ; construction defects ; thermography ; qualitative analysis ; new construction ; existing building ; construction quality ; thermal bridging ; impacts ; energy ; housing ; UAE ; domestic environment ; spatial factors ; environmental factors ; occupants’ experiences ; theoretical relationship ; sustainability and livability of neighborhoods ; sustainable urban environments ; sustainable solar shading ; building height diversity ; United Arab Emirates ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Diagnostische Prozesse von Studierenden des Lehramts (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Eine lernendenorientierte und adaptive Gestaltung von Unterricht erfordert von den Lehrkräften, dass sie vorhandene Kompetenzen und Lernprozesse der Schülerinnen und Schüler diagnostizieren. Außerdem müssen sie die Anforderungen von Aufgaben mit Blick auf deren Passung zu den Lernprozessen der Schülerinnen und Schüler analysieren können. Eine derart verstandene "diagnostische Kompetenz" wird als zentrales Professionalisierungsziel von Lehrkräften angesehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden die diagnostischen Prozesse von acht Studierenden mit den Fächern Physik und Mathematik in zwei aufeinander folgenden Lehrveranstaltungen zur Diagnostik untersucht, um Potentiale und Lernhindernisse im Kompetenzaufbau zu identifizieren. In beiden Veranstaltungen bildeten Vignetten von Lernprozessen den Ausgangspunkt für studentische Diagnosen. Forschungsgegenstand waren u.a. schriftliche Diagnosen der Studierenden im Prä-Post-Vergleich sowie auf Video aufgezeichnete studentische Diskurse bei der Diagnose von Lernprozessen der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Die Analysen erfassen u.a., auf welche Komponenten eines Diagnoseprozesses die Studierenden in welcher Weise Bezug nehmen und welche (fach-) didaktischen überlegungen bzw. Theoriebezüge sie in ihren Diagnosen als Referenzpunkte nutzen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass auf struktureller Ebene zwar alle Komponenten thematisiert, aber inhaltlich nicht entlang einer typischen Abfolge miteinander verbunden werden. Trotz inhaltlicher Prompts wird nur selten explizit auf Theoriebezüge zurückgegriffen.
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Multi-Robot Systems: Challenges, Trends and Applications (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue entitled “Multi-Robot Systems: Challenges, Trends, and Applications” that was published in Applied Sciences. This Special Issue collected seventeen high-quality papers that discuss the main challenges of multi-robot systems, present the trends to address these issues, and report various relevant applications. Some of the topics addressed by these papers are robot swarms, mission planning, robot teaming, machine learning, immersive technologies, search and rescue, and social robotics.
    Keywords: exploration missions ; cooperative systems ; multi-robot coordinated systems ; constrained-communication environments ; collaborative localization ; distributed tracking ; nonlinear model ; unscented transformation ; robust autonomous landing ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; unmanned ground vehicle ; multi-robot systems ; Kalman filter ; PID controller ; re-localization module ; information sharing ; positional uncertainty ; path planning ; mapping ; human robot interaction ; android robot ; passive social conversation ; multiple conversation robots ; swarm ; robotics ; hormone ; behaviour ; arbitration ; demand ; multi-agent systems ; planning ; M* algorithm ; shortest path finding ; collision-free constraint ; optimality and completeness ; multi-robot ; collaborative navigation ; deep reinforcement learning ; autonomous robots ; teamwork ; coordination ; dynamic environments ; autonomous media production ; drone cinematography ; multimedia tools ; dialogue system ; elderly people ; two robots ; task and motion planning ; manipulation planning ; robot-human interactions ; perception ; digital twin ; virtual reality ; collaborative robots ; Industry 4.0 ; lean automation ; multi-robot cell ; mixed reality simulation ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; X-Plane flight simulator ; visualized ground control station ; dual-head electromagnetic propulsion device ; swarm robotics ; automatic design ; AutoMoDe ; evolutionary robotics ; time-based synchronization ; heterogeneous multi-robotic cell ; socket communication ; low computational power ; native language application ; swarms ; drones ; firefighting ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Innovative Structural Applications of High Performance Concrete Materials in Sustainable Construction (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Concrete is the most widely utilized construction material in the world. Thus, any action intended to enhance the sustainability of the construction industry must consider the supply chain, production, distribution demolition and eventual disposal, landfilling or recycling of this composite material. High-performance concrete may be one of the most effective options to make the construction sector more sustainable. Experience proves that the use of recycled concrete aggregates, as well as the partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement with other supplementary cementitious materials or alternative binders, are generally accepted as the most realistic solutions to reduce the environmental impacts, leading to sufficiently high mechanical performances. In structural applications such as those concerning the seismic and energy retrofitting of existing buildings, the use of high-performance cementitious composites often represents the more cost-effective solution, which allows us to minimize the costs of the intervention and the environmental impact. Eventually, the challenge of enhancing sustainability by raising durability of concrete structures is particularly relevant in those applications where maintenance is particularly expensive and impactful, in terms of both direct intervention costs and indirect costs deriving from downtime. The present Special Issue aims at providing readers with the most recent research results on the aforementioned subjects and further foster a collaboration between the scientific community and the industrial sector on a common commitment towards sustainable concrete constructions.
    Keywords: recycled concrete aggregate ; recycled aggregate concrete ; durability ; freeze-thaw cycles ; mechanical properties ; concrete ; recycled concrete ; recycled aggregate ; shrinkage ; slags ; cement replacement ; existing beams ; retrofitting method ; environmental assessment ; fly ash ; moment–curvature relationship ; precast elements ; basalt ; concrete properties ; recycled natural basalt ; recycled concrete powder ; seismic retrofitting ; multilayer coating ; Steel Fiber Reinforced Mortar ; energy performance of buildings ; point thermal bridges ; thermal behavior in summer ; case study ; prestressed concrete ; prestress losses ; bridges ; flexural strength ; shear strength ; drying and autogenous shrinkage ; creep ; sustainability ; shear bond ; UHPFRC ; push-off test ; tensile bond strength ; concrete overlay ; strengthening ; existing infrastructures ; digital microscopy ; surface roughness ; mortars ; MSWI bottom ash ; pozzolanic activity ; supplementary cementing materials ; water-retaining structures ; aggressive environment ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Entropy in Image Analysis III (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Image analysis can be applied to rich and assorted scenarios; therefore, the aim of this recent research field is not only to mimic the human vision system. Image analysis is the main methods that computers are using today, and there is body of knowledge that they will be able to manage in a totally unsupervised manner in future, thanks to their artificial intelligence. The articles published in the book clearly show such a future.
    Keywords: Newton-Raphson’s method ; chaos ; image encryption/decryption ; security analysis ; image encryption ; cryptanalysis ; hyper-chaotic ; ribonucleic acid ; color image encryption ; transformed Zigzag ; image segmentation ; computer-assisted diagnosis ; machine learning ; spleen injury detection ; hyperchaotic ; permutation ; diffusion ; multiple bit operation ; circular-step wedge ; contrast-detail ; mutual information ; visible ratio ; anode heel effect ; prior information ; entropy ; fwi ; regularization ; inverse problems ; bat optimization ; human crowd behavior (HCB) ; improved entropy (IE) ; Jaccard similarity ; multi-person counting ; particles gradient motion (PGM) ; speeded up robust features (SURF) ; Retinex ; image enhancement ; gamma correction ; low-light image ; HSV color space ; scan route ; Hilbert curve ; run-length-based entropy coding ; image and video compression ; secure communication ; cellular neural network ; power-divergence measure ; computed tomography ; iterative reconstruction ; maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization method ; continuous-time image reconstruction ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Advanced Technologies for the Optimization of Internal Combustion Engines (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue puts together recent findings in advanced technologies for the optimization of internal combustion engines in order to help the scientific community address the efforts towards the development of higher-power engines with lower fuel consumption and pollutant emissions.
    Keywords: diesel spray ; spray mixing ; varying injection rate ; numerical simulation ; hydrotreated vegetal oil ; oxymethylene ethers ; ignition delay ; liquid length ; lift-off length ; soot ; internal combustion engine ; emissions ; fuel consumption ; efficiency ; aftertreatment ; pre-turbine ; tabulated chemistry ; chemical kinetics ; 0-D stochastic reactor models ; acetone–butanol–ethanol ; dual-fuel operation ; electrolyzer ; emissions levels ; hydroxy gas ; spark ignition engine ; water injection ; phase doppler anemometry ; knock control ; free-piston engine ; linear permanent magnet synchronous machine ; four-stroke ; energy-conversion ; efficiency improvement ; exhaust emissions ; experiments ; 1D model ; cylinder-by-cylinder variation ; exhaust gas recirculation ; self-ignition engines ; injector nozzles ; spray holes ; pressure losses ; optimization ; diesel heavy-duty engine ; engine transient simulation ; longitudinal dynamics ; fuel economy ; hybrid ; complex powertrains ; real driving cycles ; water-in-gasoline emulsion ; micro-channel emulsifier ; spark-ignition engine ; performance ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Corporate Social Responsibility: Organizational Strategy for Sustainable Growth (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: We often cast a question whether unethical behavior (corporate irresponsible activities) undertaken by international firms in developing countries is really entirely unethical or simply unavoidable grease, which is necessary to facilitate short-term growth in overseas markets. Both strategic management and international business scholars have long attempted to examine the outcomes of corporate social responsibility (CSR) primarily in the organizational strategic aspect. Due to this, they are turning a blind eye to firms’ unethical attitude and pretending not to notice that it is happening. In other words, we do not yet know enough about CSR from a long-term perspective and its relationship with sustainable growth for the long-term. We should also acknowledge that a firm’s unethical management is both a primary cause and a result of poverty in our economy, which means that a firm’s irresponsible activities (as an antonym of CSR) cannot be justified by any reason. This also represents the importance of research exploring CSR. We believe that this is the time to, first, synthesize diverse research fragments on CSR, second, combine it with an additional unique agenda (e.g., human rights, win-win partnership, official development assistance) particularly in the sustainability domain, and then third, compile all the theoretical and empirical pieces for organizational sustainability. By inviting submissions from researchers who studies various theoretical perspectives, adopts varied empirical approaches, and examines at multiple levels of analysis, as well as qualitative and quantitative experiments, literature reviews, and meta-analyses, this SI draws a big picture. We are strongly convinced that papers accepted by this SI significantly contribute to current relevant debates by filling many extant research gaps.
    Keywords: Fourth Industrial Revolution ; CSR authenticity ; digital transformation ; mediating effect ; China ; Korea ; corporate social responsibility ; construction sector ; strategy ; motives ; barriers ; effects ; CSR perception ; organizational commitment ; intrinsic motivation ; moderating effect ; task–technology fit theory ; green agri-food firm ; livestreaming e-commerce ; adoption ; firm performance ; strategic orientation ; digital capabilities ; new product development performance ; innovation ; CEO compensation structure ; social exchange ; equity ; strategic competitiveness ; MCF analysis ; internal control ; technological innovation ; mediated effect ; logistics service ; training service ; subjective norms ; self-efficiency sense ; elaboration likelihood model ; attitude ; word-of-mouth ; governance indicators ; information technology ; maturity models ; SME ; software ; sustainability indicators ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Advanced Techniques and Efficiency Assessment of Mechanical Processing (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Mechanical processing is just one step in the value chain of metal production, but to some exten,t it determines an effectiveness of separation through suitable preparation of the raw material for beneficiation processes through production of required particle sze composition and useful mineral liberation. The issue is mostly related to techniques of comminution and size classification, but it also concerns methods of gravity separation, as well as modeling and optimization. Technological and economic assessment supplements the issue.
    Keywords: belt ore measurement ; convolutional neural network ; image processing ; contour detection ; OpenCV ; brittle materials ; uniaxial compression ; comminution ; particle size ; movement characteristics ; particle velocity ; kinetic energy ; spatial distribution ; flotation ; copper ore ; lithology ; flotation agents ; particle size distribution ; taxonomic methods ; Dual-Energy X-ray Transmission (DE-XRT) ; sulphide ; polymetallic ; vibrating flip-flow screen ; DEM ; wet stick material ; JKR model ; separation performance ; aggregates ; jig beneficiation ; mineral processing ; raw materials ; separation ; enrichment ; HPGR ; approximation of particle size ; sieving screen ; diagnostics ; predictive maintenance ; wavelet transformation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Energy Development for Sustainability (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Recently, energy development has received significant attention through the promising results of technology development, experimentation, computational modeling, and validation. However, it remains a persistent challenge to produce the needed energy while significantly reducing the environmental effects, such as the emission of greenhouse gases, which lead to climate change. Moreover, technological and economic limitations may also hinder energy development for sustainability. This book entitled Energy Development for Sustainability covers technologies, products, equipment, and devices as well as energy services based on software and data protected by patents and/or trademarks. This book will serve as a collection of the latest scientific and technological approaches to various energy development initiatives for sustainability encompassing novel sonocatalytic application and integrated algal and sludge-based wastewater treatment system, energy storage, sustainable building, gas absorption, organosolv pretreatment, energy usage and CO2 emission in transportation, coal regulation for energy, solar photovoltaic system, torrefaction for fuel production, energy management system, clean energy incubator, biofuels from microalgae, and the influence of COVID-19 on climate change. Overall, this book addresses researchers, advanced students, technical consultants, as well as decision-makers in industries and politics. This book contains comprehensive overview and in-depth technical research papers addressing recent progress in the area of energy development for sustainability. We hope the readers will enjoy this book.
    Keywords: multi-objective optimization ; bioenergy ; biomass ; microalgae ; sludge ; wastewater ; algae ; biofuel production ; environmental policy ; life cycle assessment ; clean energy incubator ; core competitiveness evaluation ; matter-element extension ; TOPSIS ; KPCA ; NSGA-II ; LSSVM ; smart grid ; time-of-use ; demand bidding program ; battery energy storage system ; direct search method ; sorghum distilled residue ; thermogravimetric analysis ; torrefaction kinetics ; biomass and bioenergy ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; biochar ; LMDI decomposition ; spatiotemporal analysis ; ASEAN ; climate change ; CO2 emissions ; light trapping ; zero-depth concentrator ; light reflection ; internal-cell spacing ; energy system ; coal regulation ; pollution abatement ; environmental benefits ; health benefits ; transport ; spatial LMDI ; emissions ; Philippines ; Google Maps ; transportation ; energy use ; modeling ; vehicle flow ; organosolv pretreatment ; delignification ; fractionation ; organic solvent ; degraded empty fruit bunch ; COVID-19 ; CO2 ; fossil fuel ; Malaysia ; metal–organic framework ; MIL-101 ; solvent free ; adsorption ; carbon dioxide ; air conditioner ; cooling load ; heat conduction ; residential building ; roof insulation ; roof tile color ; solar reflectance ; metal–air battery ; carbon particles ; biomass waste ; electro-catalyst ; g-C3N4 ; carbon composite ; coconut shell husk ; characteristic ; sonocatalytic degradation ; malachite green ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    On the Stability of Objective Structures (Volume 38) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The main focus of this thesis is the discussion of stability of an objective (atomic) structure consisting of single atoms which interact via a potential. We define atomistic stability using a second derivative test. More precisely, atomistic stability is equivalent to a vanishing first derivative of the configurational energy (at the corresponding point) and the coerciveness of the second derivative of the configurational energy with respect to an appropriate semi-norm. Atomistic stability of a lattice is well understood, see, e.,g., [40]. The aim of this thesis is to generalize the theory to objective structures. In particular, we first investigate discrete subgroups of the Euclidean group, then define an appropriate seminorm and the atomistic stability for a given objective structure, and finally provide an efficient algorithm to check its atomistic stability. The algorithm particularly checks the validity of the Cauchy-Born rule for objective structures. To illustrate our results, we prove numerically the stability of a carbon nanotube by applying the algorithm.
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Regulatory Data Science for Medical Devices (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Regulations that cover the legal obligations that manufacturers are bound to are essential for keeping the general public safe. Companies need to follow the regulations in order to bring their products to market. A good understanding of the regulations and the regulatory pathway defines how fast and at what cost the manufacturer can introduce innovations to the market. Regulatory technology and data science can lead to new regulatory processes and evidence in the medical field. It can equip stakeholders with unique tools that can make regulatory decisions more objective, efficient, and accurate. This book describes the latest research within the broader domain of Medical Regulatory Technology (MedRegTech). It covers concepts such as the complexity and user-friendliness of medical device regulations, novel algorithms for regulatory navigation, descriptive datasets from a health service provider, regulatory data science techniques, and considerations of the environmental impacts within a national health service. This book brings all these aspects together to offer an introduction into MedRegTech research. In the long term, these technologies and methods will help optimize the regulatory strategy for individual healthcare innovations and revolutionize the way we engage with regulatory services.
    Keywords: medical technology ; digital healthcare ; data science ; regulations ; machine learning ; software ; medical device regulations ; healthcare provider ; software as medical device ; technology translation ; quality management system ; law ; medical devices ; regulatory data science ; natural language processing ; linguistic analysis ; optimisation ; medical device ; ecodesign ; environmental impact ; classification ; healthcare ; innovation ; regulation ; decision tree complexity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Advanced Welding Technology in Metals (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Welding is widely used by both academia and industry to create similar and dissimilar joints aiming to create a complex shape structure and to couple the mechanical properties of different materials into a single monolithic structure. In this book, a collection of peer-reviewed works on the welding of advanced engineering alloys is presented. Both solid-state and fusion-based welding technologies are presented. These works employed advanced microstructure characterization to evaluate how the selection of process parameters impacts the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints. Moreover, three comprehensive review works are also included, providing an in-depth overview of distinct topics. We hope that this collection of works is of interest to the community so that welding technologies continue to grow further in the future.
    Keywords: friction stir welding ; dissimilar metals ; temperature ; process conditions ; guidelines ; resistance heat-assisted ultrasonic welding ; mechanical properties ; fracture morphology ; intermetallic compounds ; microstructure ; double-pulsed ; robot operation ; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation ; orthogonal experimental design ; short-circuiting gas metal arc welding ; waveform control method ; weld pool oscillation and flow ; high speed photograph ; image processing ; continuous wavelet transform ; K-TIG ; heat input ; weld formation ; tensile properties ; welding procedure optimisation ; tungsten inert gas welding ; friction stir processing ; dissimilar aluminium alloys joints ; dissimilar metal joints ; welding ; high entropy alloys ; laser welding ; review ; tensile strength ; flexural strength ; dissimilar aluminium alloys ; numerical finite-element modeling ; analytical Rosenthal equation ; thermal regime ; AA5456 ; aluminum alloy ; fiber laser-MIG hybrid ; CMT ; MIG ; hybrid joints ; hardness ; ASTM A553-1 (9% nickel steel) ; penetration shape ; Bead on Plate (BOP) ; pulsed GMAW ; droplet transfer ; weld bead formation ; droplet impact force ; double-pulsed gas metal arc welding (DP-GMAW) ; droplet impingement pressure ; weld pool oscillation ; grain refinement ; constitutional supercooling ; deep neural network ; high strength steel ; laser beam welding ; penetration ; quality assessment ; spectrometer ; welding seam root ; metal flow behavior ; root flaw ; pin length ; Incomplete penetration ; weak connection ; real time ; infrared thermography ; camera ; microhardness ; plasma arc welding ; hot wire ; laser oscillating welding ; high temperature titanium alloy ; laser impact welding ; interfacial bonding mechanism ; interface wave ; diffusion ; TA1/Q235B composite sheets ; rolling temperature ; explosive welding ; microstructures ; dissimilar welding ; aluminum ; fracture ; friction welding ; Ti-6Al-4V ; nitinol ; intermetallic compound ; fractography ; dissimilar metal joining ; dissimilar friction stir welding ; AA2024-T4/AA7075-T6Al alloys ; t-butt joints ; microstructure evaluation ; EBSD ; fracture surfaces ; texture ; investment casting ; alloy 718 ; hot cracking mechanism ; Varestraint test ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Seismic Assessment and Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Structures (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Many constructions are built with reinforced or prestressed concrete, and most of them are designed or expected to resist earthquake actions in addition to gravity loads. To limit the effects of seismic events on reinforced or prestressed concrete structures, many attempts have been made by researchers in order to (i) improve the knowledge of the response of materials (steel bars and concrete) and members by means of laboratory tests, (ii) develop numerical and capacity models, (iii) enhance procedures for the dynamic analysis and assessment of the seismic performance of structures and (iv) suggest innovative interventions for the seismic retrofit of old and damaged reinforced or prestressed concrete structures. This Special Issue is a collection of 11 important research works that cover a wide range of problems related to the previously mentioned research fields. Both researchers and practical engineers are expected to greatly benefit from this Special Issue in view of their own work and for a better comprehension of the response of r.c. members and structures.
    Keywords: seismic retrofitting ; mainshock-damaged RC frame ; soft steel damper ; seismic performance ; mainshock-aftershock seismic sequence ; retrofitting ; modular ; finite element analysis ; flexural behavior ; ductility ; RC columns ; strengthening ; direct fastening ; steel jackets ; design procedure ; precast reinforced concrete deep beam ; experimental study ; finite element method (FEM) ; RC frames ; brick infills ; prior damage ; finite element analyses ; seismic joint ; FRP ; RC corroded columns ; localised corrosion ; numerical analyses ; modelling strategies ; cyclic actions ; seismic isolation ; asymmetric building ; mode-adaptive bidirectional pushover analysis (MABPA) ; seismic retrofit ; momentary energy input ; RC-framed skin ; seismic assessment ; nonlinear static analysis ; existing RC buildings ; retrofitting intervention ; column removal ; non-linear analysis ; progressive collapse ; reinforced concrete frame ; seismic response ; optimization ; curtailed shear wall ; buckling-restrained brace ; genetic algorithm ; seismic upgrading ; RC buildings ; industrial buildings ; industrial heritage ; steel exoskeletons ; photovoltaic plants ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Northern Sparks (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: An “episode of light” in Canada sparked by Expo 67 when new art forms, innovative technologies, and novel institutional and policy frameworks emerged together. Understanding how experimental art catalyzes technological innovation is often prized yet typically reduced to the magic formula of “creativity.” In Northern Sparks, Michael Century emphasizes the role of policy and institutions by showing how novel art forms and media technologies in Canada emerged during a period of political and social reinvention, starting in the 1960s with the energies unleashed by Expo 67. Debunking conventional wisdom, Century reclaims innovation from both its present-day devotees and detractors by revealing how experimental artists critically challenge as well as discover and extend the capacities of new technologies. Century offers a series of detailed cross-media case studies that illustrate the cross-fertilization of art, technology, and policy. These cases span animation, music, sound art and acoustic ecology, cybernetic cinema, interactive installation art, virtual reality, telecommunications art, software applications, and the emergent metadiscipline of human-computer interaction. They include Norman McLaren's “proto-computational” film animations; projects in which the computer itself became an agent, as in computer-aided musical composition and choreography; an ill-fated government foray into interactive networking, the videotext system Telidon; and the beginnings of virtual reality at the Banff Centre. Century shows how Canadian artists approached new media technologies as malleable creative materials, while Canada undertook a political reinvention alongside its centennial celebrations. Northern Sparks offers a uniquely nuanced account of innovation in art and technology illuminated by critical policy analysis.
    Keywords: Canada;Canadian culture;media arts;innovation policy;human-computer interaction;cultural networking;virtual reality;computer animation;electronic music;acoustic ecology;improvisation studies. ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGA History of art ; thema EDItEUR::6 Style qualifiers::6P Styles (P)::6PD Postmodernism
    Language: English
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    Entwicklung und experimentelle Validierung eines Ansatzes für die Modellierung des Anstreifverhaltens von Labyrinthdichtungen mit Honigwabeneinlaufbelägen (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Die Optimierung dynamischer Dichtsysteme ist eine kostengünstige Methode zur Erhöhung der Wirkungsgrade, Lebensdauer und Betriebssicherheit von Turbomaschinen. Zuverlässige und effiziente Dichtsysteme lassen sich nur realisieren, wenn die Anstreifvorgänge zwischen rotierenden und statischen Komponenten sowie ihre Folgen schon bei der Auslegung berücksichtigt und im Betrieb beherrscht werden können. Bis heute sind die physikalischen Vorgänge beim Anstreifen jedoch nur unzureichend verstanden und es fehlen zuverlässige Modellierungsansätze für ihre Vorhersage. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert einen essentiellen Beitrag zum Verständnis des Anstreifverhaltens und somit zur Optimierung einlaufender dynamischer Dichtsysteme mit Fokus auf Labyrinthdichtungen mit Einlaufbelägen aus Hohlkörperstrukturen. Mit Hilfe aufwändiger experimenteller Untersuchungen wird in dieser Arbeit ein tiefergreifendes physikalisches Verständnis der Anstreifvorgänge bereitgestellt. Die experimentell gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bilden schließlich die Grundlage für die Entwicklung eines Modellierungsansatzes, der erstmals unter Berücksichtigung aller Einflussparameter die zuverlässige Vorhersage des Anstreifverhaltens einlaufender Labyrinthdichtungen ermöglicht.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Construction ; Technology & Engineering ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Structure-Properties-Processing Relationships in Metallic Materials (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In the current Special Issue of Metals, we present six contributions from academia and industry. Based on their latest research developments, and achievements in their applied research field, the contributors elucidate the effect of temperature during forming operations that were closely analyzed via texture evaluation, present the opportunities that derive from microstructure and process simulation, and show how trace elements may affect critical properties in the performance of metallic materials. Bridging the gap between academia and industry, they provide all the necessary theoretical background through basic and applied research to meet the requirements for industrial application of the new and steadily optimized materials and concepts.
    Keywords: DC Casting ; 5182 alloy ; crystallographic texture ; hot rolling ; cold rolling ; crystallographic components ; microstructural evolution ; aluminum ; LS-DYNA ; crown ; camber ; cooling ; temperature evolution ; hot ductility ; reactor pressure vessel steel ; grain boundary segregation ; dynamic recrystallization ; grain boundary sliding ; Al-Mg-Si alloys ; phase-field ; heat-treatment ; recrystallisation ; ageing ; precipitation hardening ; micress ; thermocalc ; pearlitic steel ; cold drawing ; second-phase particles ; non-metallic inclusions ; 3104 alloy ; tensile testing ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Applied Metaheuristic Computing (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: For decades, Applied Metaheuristic Computing (AMC) has been a prevailing optimization technique for tackling perplexing engineering and business problems, such as scheduling, routing, ordering, bin packing, assignment, facility layout planning, among others. This is partly because the classic exact methods are constrained with prior assumptions, and partly due to the heuristics being problem-dependent and lacking generalization. AMC, on the contrary, guides the course of low-level heuristics to search beyond the local optimality, which impairs the capability of traditional computation methods. This topic series has collected quality papers proposing cutting-edge methodology and innovative applications which drive the advances of AMC.
    Keywords: metaheuristics ; heuristics ; optimization ; artificial intelligence ; energy ; information security ; recognition ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Statistical Fluid Dynamics (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Modeling micrometric and nanometric suspensions remains a major issue. They help to model the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, among others, of the suspensions, and then of the resulting product, in a controlled way, when considered in material formation. In some cases, they can help to improve the energy transport performance. The optimal use of these products is based on an accurate prediction of the flow-induced properties of the suspensions and, consequently, of the resulting products and parts. The final properties of the resulting micro-structured fluid or solid are radically different from the simple mixing rule. In this book, we found numerous works addressing the description of these specific fluid behaviors.
    Keywords: graphene nano-powder ; thermal nanofluid ; rheological behavior ; Carreau nanofluid ; lubrication effect ; Vallejo law ; liquid–liquid interface ; shear rate ; nanoparticles ; diffuse interface ; phase field method ; molecular dynamics ; numerical simulation ; octree optimization ; microstructure generation ; domain reconstruction ; flow simulation ; permeability computing ; data-driven model ; model order reduction ; proper orthogonal decomposition ; manifold learning ; diffuse approximation ; microcapsule suspension ; Hausdorff distance ; topological data analysis (TDA) ; reinforced polymers ; concentrated suspensions ; flow induced orientation ; discrete numerical simulation ; steam generator ; void fraction ; mixture model ; porous media approach ; reduced-order model ; Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) ; energy dissipation ; interval-pooled stepped spillway ; omega identification method ; Navier-Stokes equation ; singularity ; transitional flow ; turbulence ; Poisson equation ; nanoparticle two-phase flow ; particle coagulation and breakage ; flow around circular cylinders ; particle distribution ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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    Intelligent Biosignal Processing in Wearable and Implantable Sensors (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint provides a collection of papers illustrating the state-of-the-art of smart processing of data coming from wearable, implantable or portable sensors. Each paper presents the design, databases used, methodological background, obtained results, and their interpretation for biomedical applications. Revealing examples are brain–machine interfaces for medical rehabilitation, the evaluation of sympathetic nerve activity, a novel automated diagnostic tool based on ECG data to diagnose COVID-19, machine learning-based hypertension risk assessment by means of photoplethysmography and electrocardiography signals, Parkinsonian gait assessment using machine learning tools, thorough analysis of compressive sensing of ECG signals, development of a nanotechnology application for decoding vagus-nerve activity, detection of liver dysfunction using a wearable electronic nose system, prosthetic hand control using surface electromyography, epileptic seizure detection using a CNN, and premature ventricular contraction detection using deep metric learning. Thus, this reprint presents significant clinical applications as well as valuable new research issues, providing current illustrations of this new field of research by addressing the promises, challenges, and hurdles associated with the synergy of biosignal processing and AI through 16 different pertinent studies. Covering a wide range of research and application areas, this book is an excellent resource for researchers, physicians, academics, and PhD or master students working on (bio)signal and image processing, AI, biomaterials, biomechanics, and biotechnology with applications in medicine.
    Keywords: electrocardiogram ; deep metric learning ; k-nearest neighbors classifier ; premature ventricular contraction ; dimensionality reduction ; classifications ; Laplacian eigenmaps ; locality preserving projections ; compressed sensing ; convolutional neural network ; EEG ; epileptic seizure detection ; RISC-V ; ultra-low-power ; sepsis ; atrial fibrillation ; prediction ; heart rate variability ; feature extraction ; random forest ; annotations ; myoelectric prosthesis ; sEMG ; grasp phases analysis ; grasp classification ; machine learning ; electronic nose ; liver dysfunction ; cirrhosis ; semiconductor metal oxide gas sensor ; vagus nerve ; intraneural ; decoding ; intrafascicular ; recording ; carbon nanotube ; artificial intelligence ; lens-free shadow imaging technique ; cell-line analysis ; cell signal enhancement ; deep learning ; ECG signal ; reconstruction dictionaries ; projection matrices ; signal classifications ; osteopenia ; sarcopenia ; XAI ; SHAP ; IMU ; gait analysis ; sensors ; convolutional neural networks ; Parkinson’s disease ; biomedical monitoring ; accelerometer ; pressure sensor ; disease management ; electromyography ; correlation ; high blood pressure ; hypertension ; photoplethysmography ; electrocardiography ; calibration ; classification models ; COVID-19 ; ECG trace image ; transfer learning ; Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) ; feature selection ; sympathetic activity (SNA) ; skin sympathetic nerve activity (SKNA) ; electrodes ; electrocardiogram (ECG) ; cardiac time interval ; dynamic time warping ; fiducial point detection ; heart failure ; seismocardiography ; wearable electroencephalography ; motor imagery ; motor execution ; beta rebound ; brain–machine interface ; EEG classification ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Flood Early Warning and Risk Modelling (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Extreme hydrological phenomena are one of the most common causes of human life loss and material damage as a result of the manifestation of natural hazards around human communities. Climatic changes have directly impacted the temporal distribution of previously known flood events, inducing significantly increased frequency rates as well as manifestation intensities. Understanding the occurrence and manifestation behavior of flood risk as well as identifying the most common time intervals during which there is a greater probability of flood occurrence should be a subject of social priority, given the potential casualties and damage involved. However, considering the numerous flood analysis models that have been currently developed, this phenomenon has not yet been fully comprehended due to the numerous technical challenges that have arisen. These challenges can range from lack of measured field data to difficulties in integrating spatial layers of different scales as well as other potential digital restrictions.The aim of the current book is to promote publications that address flood analysis and apply some of the most novel inundation prediction models, as well as various hydrological risk simulations related to floods, that will enhance the current state of knowledge in the field as well as lead toward a better understanding of flood risk modeling. Furthermore, in the current book, the temporal aspect of flood propagation, including alert times, warning systems, flood time distribution cartographic material, and the numerous parameters involved in flood risk modeling, are discussed.
    Keywords: flood maps ; flood risk management ; HAND model ; WebAssembly ; flood risk mapping ; web systems ; floods ; urban flooding ; flood analysis ; design floods ; HEC-HMS ; HEC-RAS ; dam break ; unsteady ; flood mapping ; Kesem ; flood risk ; poorly gauged watersheds ; regional flood frequency ; flood modeling ; GPU-parallel numerical scheme ; bridges ; story maps ; disaster risk reduction ; slide ; GARI tool ; risk communication ; climate change ; flood early warning ; forecasting ; hydrological extremes ; machine learning ; Andes ; Nilwala river basin ; coupled flood modelling ; iRIC ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    The Squares (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: When ungroovy scientists did groovy science: how non-activist scientists and engineers adapted their work to a rapidly changing social and political landscape. In The Squares, Cyrus Mody shows how, between the late 1960s and the early 1980s, some scientists and engineers who did not consider themselves activists, New Leftists, or members of the counterculture accommodated their work to the rapidly changing social and political landscape of the time. These “square scientists,” Mody shows, began to do many of the things that the counterculture urged: turn away from military-industrial funding, become more interdisciplinary, and focus their research on solving problems of civil society. During the period Mody calls “the long 1970s,” ungroovy scientists were doing groovy science. Mody offers a series of case studies of some of these collective efforts by non-activist scientists to use their technical knowledge for the good of society. He considers the region around Santa Barbara and the interplay of public universities, think tanks, established firms, new companies, philanthropies, and social movement organizations. He looks at Stanford University's transition from Cold War science to commercialized technoscience; NASA's search for a post-Apollo mission; the unsuccessful foray into solar energy by Nobel laureate Jack Kilby; the “civilianization” of the US semiconductor industry; and systems engineer Arthur D. Hall's ill-fated promotion of automated agriculture.
    Keywords: History of engineering and technology;History of science;History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: English
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    What Do Science, Technology, and Innovation Mean from Africa? (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Explorations of science, technology, and innovation in Africa not as the product of “technology transfer” from elsewhere but as the working of African knowledge. In the STI literature, Africa has often been regarded as a recipient of science, technology, and innovation rather than a maker of them. In this book, scholars from a range of disciplines show that STI in Africa is not merely the product of “technology transfer” from elsewhere but the working of African knowledge. Their contributions focus on African ways of looking, meaning-making, and creating. The chapter authors see Africans as intellectual agents whose perspectives constitute authoritative knowledge and whose strategic deployment of both endogenous and inbound things represents an African-centered notion of STI. “Things do not (always) mean the same from everywhere,” observes Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga, the volume's editor. Western, colonialist definitions of STI are not universalizable. The contributors discuss topics that include the trivialization of indigenous knowledge under colonialism; the creative labor of chimurenga, the transformation of everyday surroundings into military infrastructure; the role of enslaved Africans in America as innovators and synthesizers; the African ethos of “fixing”; the constitutive appropriation that makes mobile technologies African; and an African innovation strategy that builds on domestic capacities. The contributions describe an Africa that is creative, technological, and scientific, showing that African STI is the latest iteration of a long process of accumulative, multicultural knowledge production. Contributors Geri Augusto, Shadreck Chirikure, Chux Daniels, Ron Eglash, Ellen Foster, Garrick E. Louis, D. A. Masolo, Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga, Neda Nazemi, Toluwalogo Odumosu, Katrien Pype, Scott Remer
    Keywords: collection ; STS ; science ; technology ; and society ; anthropology ; African studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHH African history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Lowering Risk by Increasing Resilience (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The reprint identifies key concerns and significant challenges of the future as currently perceived by researchers, industry, policymakers, and other flood management stakeholders. The main themes addressed include: science and technology for flood risk management; handling data and information for flood risk management; flood disaster prevention, mitigation, and adaptation; flood preparedness, response, and recovery; flood decision-making, policy, and governance; and flood resilience.
    Keywords: flooding ; storm surge ; numerical modelling ; high-water marks ; debris ; distributed hydrological model ; flood forecasting ; TOPKAPI ; Zhenjiang River ; small- and medium-sized river ; OSS-SR ; facilitator ; flood resilience ; disaster literacy ; community-based ; e-learning ; extreme floods ; disaster chain ; impact assessment ; flood damage ; environmental impacts ; unsteady flows ; flood wave propagation ; Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers ; index-velocity method ; stage-discharge method ; rating curves ; flood risk management ; innovations ; dikes ; flood decision-making ; knowledge uptake ; historical data source ; flood mapping ; poorly gauged catchments ; citizen science ; low impact development ; sea-level rise ; adaptation ; flood risk ; water resources ; low-lying coasts ; extreme rain ; pluvial flood ; basement flood ; wastewater ; inflow and infiltration ; Canada ; flood management issues ; natural disasters ; climate change ; government policies ; flood hazard ; CaMa-Flood ; flood map viewer ; floodplain mapping ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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    Recent Advances in Thin Film Electronic Devices (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint is a collection of the papers from the Special Issue “Recent Advances in Thin Film Electronic Devices” in Micromachines. In this reprrint, 1 editorial and 11 original papers about recent advances in the research and development of thin film electronic devices are included. Specifically, three research fields are covered: device fundamentals (5 papers), fabrication processes (5 papers), and testing methods (1 paper). The experimental data, simulation results, and theoretical analysis presented in this reprint should benefit those researchers in flat panel displays, flat panel sensors, energy devices, memories, and so on.
    Keywords: solution method ; laser treatment ; active layer ; metal oxide semiconductor thin film transistor ; amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) ; thin-film transistor (TFT) ; positive bias stress (PBS) ; annealing atmosphere ; oxygen vacancy ; foreign material ; laser sensor ; area charge-coupled device ; color filter ; thin-film transistor ; annealing ; dielectric ; gate-all-around (GAA) ; hot-carrier injection (HCI) ; power consumption ; punch-through ; reliability ; logic transistors ; artificial synapse ; long-term synaptic plasticity ; short-term synaptic plasticity ; halide perovskite ; flexible electronics ; wrinkling ; shape-memory polymer ; lift-off ; hybrid structure ; multilayer conductive films ; wearable electronics ; band-to-band tunneling ; epitaxial growth ; ground plane region ; gate-all-around field-effect-transistors (GAA FETs) ; nanosheet FETs (NS FETs) ; parasitic channel leakage ; a-IGZO TFTs ; sub-gap states ; nitrogen-doping ; numerical simulation ; stability ; zinc oxide films ; solution-processing electronics ; Schottky barrier diodes ; semiconductor defects ; polarization filter ; photonic crystal fiber ; surface plasmon resonance ; plasmonic sensor ; silver ; electrodeposition ; ITO ; morphology ; thin films ; TiO2 ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    Sprachlicher Umgang mit Formeln von LehrerInnen im Physikunterricht am Beispiel des elektrischen Widerstandes in Klassenstufe 8 (Volume 305) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Formeln sind eine wichtige mathematische Darstellungsform im Physikunterricht. Jedoch haben Lernende häufig Schwierigkeiten bei der Verbalisierung der inhaltlichen Bedeutung von Formeln. Dies wirft die Frage auf, wie Lehrende diese inhaltliche Seite von Formeln vermitteln. Der Theorieteil stellt den Empiriestand zu den Themenkomplexen Formeln und Kommunikation, Alltagssprache, Unterrichts -sprache und Fachsprache im Physikunterricht ausführlich dar. Auf Grundlage sprachwissenschaftlicher Überlegungen wurde ein Ebenenmodell der Versprachlichung von Formeln entwickelt und durch Lehrbuchanalysen validiert, mit dessen Hilfe das Sprechen von und über Formeln analysiert werden kann. In einer qualitativen, explorativ ausgerichteten Feldstudie wurde Physikunterricht von 10 Lehrenden zum elektrischen Widerstand beobachtet und ihre Sprache mit Hilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse und des entwickelten Ebenenmodells ausgewertet. Das entstandene Kategoriensystem zeigt ein vielfältiges Sprechen über Formeln, das viele Aspekte von Formelverständnis abdeckt. Eine explizite qualitative Interpretation von Formeln bleibt jedoch meist aus. Es zeigt sich in vielen Aspekten ein eher technischer Umgang mit Formeln, der die strukturelle Rolle der Mathematik vernachlässigt. Das Sprechen der Lehrenden im Umgang mit Formeln kann als entweder fachsprachlich, schülernah oder ausgewogen, in einigen Fällen zusätzlich als reflektierend charakterisiert werden.
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Eat My Dust (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The history of the automobile would be incomplete without considering the influence of the car on the lives and careers of women in the earliest decades of the twentieth century. Illuminating the relationship between women and cars with case studies from across the globe, Eat My Dust challenges the received wisdom that men embraced automobile technology more naturally than did women.Georgine Clarsen highlights the personal stories of women from the United States, Britain, Australia, and colonial Africa from the early days of motoring until 1930. She notes the different ways in which these women embraced automobile technology in their national and cultural context. As mechanics and taxi drivers—like Australian Alice Anderson and Brit Sheila O'Neil—and long-distance adventurers and political activists—like South Africans Margaret Belcher and Ellen Budgell and American suffragist Sara Bard Field—women sought to define the technology in their own terms and according to their own needs. They challenged traditional notions of femininity through their love of cars and proved they were articulate, confident, and mechanically savvy motorists in their own right.More than new chapters in automobile history, these stories locate women motorists within twentieth-century debates about class, gender, sexuality, race, and nation.
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Elektronenbahnen in Feldern (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung erleichtert den Einsatz von computergestützten Experimentiergelegenheiten in Schule und Universität. Dabei ermöglichen solche Experimente Lernenden eigenständige Erfahrungen mit neuen Fachinhalten. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein lernerzentriertes und webbasiertes Angebot entwickelt, mit dem Lernende selbstständig Experimente zur Elektronenbewegung in Feldern durchführen können. Dabei wurden verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Unterstützung der Lernprozesse, die der Einsatz digitaler Endgeräte mit sich bringt, realisiert - dies sind u.a. der Einsatz von Augmented Reality, ergänzenden Visualisierungen und automatisiertem Feedback. Doch über die Häufigkeit und die Art der Nutzung entsprechender Angebote in Schule und beim selbstständigen Lernen gibt es bisher nur wenige empirisch abgesicherte Erkenntnisse. Daher wurde hierzu eine Nutzungsanalyse mithilfe von Usertracking durchgeführt. Diese zeigt, dass das Angebot sowohl im Unterricht als auch beim selbstständigen Lernen sehr häufig genutzt wird, und deckt auf, welche Elemente zu einer intensiven Nutzung des Angebotes führen. Weiter wurde in einer Laborstudie die Wirkung von Multiplen Repräsentationen auf den Erfolg beim experimentellen Hypothesenprüfen und den wahrgenommenen Cognitive Load untersucht. Hier zeigte sich, dass integrierte, dynamisch verlinkte Repräsentationen die Nutzer unterstützen, aber keinen zusätzlichen Cognitive Load verursachen. Dies sollte bei der Gestaltung zukünftiger Angebote berücksichtigt werden.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Nanofiltration Membranes: Recent Advances and Environmental Applications (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book, titled “Nanofiltration Membranes: Recent Advances and Environmental Applications”, aims to assess the recent developments and advances in all the aspects related to nanofiltration (NF) technology and its environmental applications. This book has ten articles, including eight research articles and two reviews. Various topics are discussed, including fabrication of organic and inorganic NF membranes, tailoring NF membranes’ surface properties, the application of NF in side-stream valorization, using NF technology in combination with other membrane technologies such as ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO), wide-range applications of NF for removing organic and inorganic pollutants and viruses, and a detailed sustainability assessment of the use of NF technology via life cycle assessment (LCA).
    Keywords: nanofiltration ; ibuprofen ; adsorption ; enantiomer ; chirality ; removal ; ionic liquids (ILs) ; membranes ; liquid separation ; modifier ; solvent ; colloidal fouling ; membrane patterning ; membrane surface modification ; threshold flux ; thin-film composite membranes ; groundwater ; reclamation ; VOC ; membrane bioreactor (MBR) ; secondary effluent ; ultrafiltration (UF) ; inorganics ; Nanofiltration (NF) ; reverse Osmosis (RO) ; chemical oxygen demand (COD) ; municipal wastewater treatment works (MWWTWs) ; flux ; reuse ; goat cheese whey ; ultrafiltration ; dilution mode ; membrane ; mixed-matrix membranes ; MMMs ; fabrication ; membrane fouling ; nanomaterials ; phase-inversion process ; interfacial polymerization ; electrospinning ; wastewater reuse ; organic matter ; ozonation ; life cycle assessment (LCA) ; hybrid desalination ; multi-stage flash (MSF) ; reverse osmosis (RO) ; nanofiltration (NF) ; drinking water ; virus removal ; MS2 bacteriophage ; fr bacteriophage ; granules ; ceramic filters ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MOFs for Advanced Applications (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials with a modular structure. This allows for very wide structural diversity and the possibility of synthesizing materials with tailored properties for advanced applications. Thus, MOF materials are the subject of intense research, with strong relevance to both science and technology. MOFs are formed by the assembly of two components: cluster or metal ion nodes, which are also called secondary building units (SBUs), and organic linkers between the SBUs, usually giving rise to crystalline structures with an open framework and significant porous texture development. The main aim of this Special Issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344) is to present the most relevant and recent insights in the field of the synthesis and characterization of MOFs and MOF-based materials for advanced applications, including adsorption, gas storage/capture, drug delivery, catalysis, photocatalysis, and/or chemical sensing.
    Keywords: Metal–organic framework ; Lewis acid ; fructose ; 5-hydroxymethyl furfural ; biomass ; Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) ; photocatalysis ; carbon dioxide reduction ; renewable energy ; heterogeneous catalysis ; metal organic framework ; surface modification ; Zinc glutarate ; CO2 fixation ; polycarbonate ; Mn-MOF-74 ; modification ; water resistance ; NH3-SCR performance ; environmental pollution ; filter ; gas sorption ; sensor ; hydrogen storage ; electrospinning ; one-pot hydrothermal ; immobilizing recombinant ; His-hCA II ; Ni-BTC nanorods ; metal–organic frameworks ; polyoxometalates ; hybrid materials ; synthesis ; catalysis ; heterogeneous catalyst ; aerobic oxidation ; cyclohexene ; metal organic frameworks ; NH2-MIL-125(Ti) ; water stability ; purification ; layered coordination polymer ; oxidative desulfurization ; denitrogenation extraction ; hydrogen peroxide ; lanthanides ; MOF ; catalyst ; microreactor ; kinetic studies ; metal organic frame works ; CO2 adsorption ; pre combustion ; gas membrane separation ; metal halide perovskites ; metal-organic framework ; fuel cell ; oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) ; metal organic frameworks (MOFs) ; hydrothermal synthesis ; coordination polymers ; crystal structures ; metal-organic frameworks ; carboxylate ligands ; olefin paraffin separations ; propyne ; propylene ; adsorption isotherms ; dynamic breakthrough ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    Construction and Demolition Waste: Challenges and Opportunities (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The current production and consumption models of building materials are causing severe environmental and social problems worldwide. In this sense, construction and demolition waste (C&DW) are part of the problem and can be part of the solution, particularly in developing countries where the construction industry is growing very rapidly. Although many efforts have been made by stakeholders to increase the use of C&DW in construction materials, articulated efforts are required at global, national, and local scales to develop truly sustainable construction sectors. Therefore, this e-book, which is based on the “Special Issue on Construction and Demolition Waste: Challenges and Opportunities”, is an effort to articulate knowledge on novel and innovative building materials using C&DW and management systems to develop circular economy models (CE) for the construction sector. In this e-book, it is concluded that even though the valorization of C&DW has been developed worldwide, more incentives need to be provided to really convert the local and national construction chains in sustainable sectors, which appropriate the circular economy for production and consumption systems that imrpove, at the least, efficiency in terms of materials, water and energy use.
    Keywords: construction and demolition wastes ; alkali-activated materials ; recycling ; binder ; recycled aggregates ; paving stones ; aggregates ; C&amp ; DW ; sustainability ; mechanical properties ; concrete ; demolition waste ; management ; life cycle assessment ; circular economy ; recycled concrete aggregate ; recycled aggregate concrete ; residual mortar ; reusing ; workability ; compressive strength ; pavement ; green deal ; construction and demolition waste ; quantification ; waste management ; re-use ; material stock analysis ; multi-criteria decision-making ; local authorities ; urban metabolism ; interview ; building ; recycled concrete ; carbonation ; construction and demolition waste (C&DW) ; construction ; municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash ; supplementary cementitious material ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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    Colliders And Neutrinos (2022)
    World Scientific Publishing Company | World Scientific
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book is a collection of theoretical advanced summer institute lectures by world experts in the field of collider physics and neutrinos, the two frontier areas of particle physics today. It is aimed at graduate students and beginning researchers, and as such, provides many pedagogical details not generally available in standard conference proceedings.
    Keywords: Physics ; High Energy Physics / Particle Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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    Eignung von domänenspezifischen Studieneingangsvariablen als Prädiktoren für Studienerfolg im Fach und Lehramt Physik (Volume 307) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: Niedrige Studienerfolgsquoten in den Studiengängen Physik und Lehramt Physik sind sowohl aus bildungspolitischer und institutioneller Sicht als auch aus individueller Perspektive erfolglos Studierender eine Herausforderung. Bisher gibt es nur wenige empirische Studien, die Gründe für niedrige Studienerfolgsquoten bestimmen. Von dieser Situation ausgehend, zielte diese Arbeit auf die Erfassung domänenspezifischer Eingangsvoraussetzungen von Studienanfängerinnen und -anfängern, um daraus mögliche Prädiktoren für einen Studienerfolg zu bestimmen. Den Kern der Arbeit bildet die Konzeption und Evaluation eines Testinstruments zu Studieneingangsvoraussetzungen. Das Instrument umfasst einen Vorwissenstest in Mathematik und Physik sowie einen Test zu domänenspezifischen Verhaltensweisen und Einstellungen. Das selbstentwickelte Instrument wurde bei N = 116 Studierenden eingesetzt, um die Prognosekraft der gemessenen Konstrukte auf einen möglichen Studienerfolg zu schätzen. Dabei zeigte sich der Physikteil des Vorwissenstests in Verbindung mit der Hochschulzugangsberechtigungsnote als signifikanter Prädiktor für den Studienerfolg gemessen am Studienverbleib nach drei Semestern. Dieses Ergebnis stellt im Wesentlichen eine Replikation bereits bekannter Erkenntnisse dar. Es konnten erste Hinweise gefunden werden, dass sich lernzielorientierte Einstellungen positiv auf den Studienerfolg auswirken können.
    Keywords: Social Science ; Statistics ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Intelligent Sensors for Human Motion Analysis (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The book, "Intelligent Sensors for Human Motion Analysis," contains 17 articles published in the Special Issue of the Sensors journal. These articles deal with many aspects related to the analysis of human movement. New techniques and methods for pose estimation, gait recognition, and fall detection have been proposed and verified. Some of them will trigger further research, and some may become the backbone of commercial systems.
    Keywords: gait recognition ; biometrics ; regularized discriminant analysis ; particle swarm optimization ; grey wolf optimization ; whale optimization algorithm ; FMCW ; vital sign ; XGBoost ; MFCC ; COVID-19 ; 3D human pose estimation ; deep learning ; generalization ; optical sensing principle ; modular sensing unit ; plantar pressure measurement ; gait parameters ; 3D human mesh reconstruction ; deep neural network ; motion capture ; neural networks ; reconstruction ; gap filling ; FFNN ; LSTM ; BILSTM ; GRU ; pose estimation ; movement tracking ; computer vision ; artificial intelligence ; markerless motion capture ; assessment ; kinematics ; development ; machine learning ; human action recognition ; features fusion ; features selection ; recognition ; fall risk detection ; balance ; Berg Balance Scale ; human tracking ; elderly ; telemedicine ; diagnosis ; precedence indicator ; knowledge measure ; fuzzy inference ; rule induction ; posture detection ; aggregation function ; markerless ; human motion analysis ; gait analysis ; data augmentation ; skeletal data ; time series classification ; EMG ; pattern recognition ; robot ; cyber-physical systems ; RGB-D sensors ; human motion modelling ; F-Formation ; Kinect v2 ; Azure Kinect ; Zed 2i ; socially occupied space ; facial expression recognition ; facial landmarks ; action units ; convolutional neural networks ; graph convolutional networks ; artifact classification ; artifact detection ; anomaly detection ; 3D multi-person pose estimation ; absolute poses ; camera-centric coordinates ; deep-learning ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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