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  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (122)
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  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (122)
  • AGU (American Geophysical Union)
  • AMS (American Meteorological Society)
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  • American Meteorological Society
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  • 2020-2024  (122)
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Today, the flow of electricity is bidirectional, and not all electricity is centrally produced in large power plants. With the growing emergence of prosumers and microgrids, the amount of electricity produced by sources other than large, traditional power plants is ever-increasing. These alternative sources include photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), geothermal, and biomass renewable generation plants. Some renewable energy resources (solar PV and wind turbine generation) are highly dependent on natural processes and parameters (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, solar irradiation, humidity, etc.). Thus, the outputs are so stochastic in nature. New data-science-inspired real-time solutions are needed in order to co-develop digital twins of large intermittent renewable plants whose services can be globally delivered.
    Keywords: self-healing grid ; machine-learning ; feature extraction ; event detection ; optimization techniques ; manta ray foraging optimization algorithm ; multi-objective function ; radial networks ; optimal power flow ; automatic P2P energy trading ; Markov decision process ; deep reinforcement learning ; deep Q-network ; long short-term delayed reward ; inter-area oscillations ; modal analysis ; reduced order modeling ; dynamic mode decomposition ; machine learning ; artificial neural networks ; steady-state security assessment ; situation awareness ; cellular computational networks ; load flow prediction ; contingency ; fuzzy system ; change detection ; data analytics ; data mining ; filtering ; optimization ; power quality ; signal processing ; total variation smoothing ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book covers the latest development of bioprocess technology including theoretical, numerical, and experimental approaches in biotechnology as well as green technology that bridge conventional practices and Industry 4.0. Bioprocessing is one of the key factors in several emerging industries of biofuels, used in the production of biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel; industrial enzymes; waste management through biotechnology; new vaccines; and many more. It is hoped that the novel bioprocess and green biotechnologies presented in this book are useful in assisting the global community in working towards fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations.
    Keywords: extraction ; leaf ; liquid biphasic flotation ; polygonum ; protein ; date fruits ; proximate analysis ; physico-chemical characteristics ; date sugar ; phytoconstituents ; amino acids ; biomaterials ; Ficus carica ; diabetes mellitus ; proteomics ; sperm quality ; bioeconomy ; bioprocesses ; applications ; policy ; social welfare ; sustainability ; nanofiltration ; lipase ; Fusarium heterosporum ; fatty acid methyl ester ; electronics package ; induction heating ; magnetic field ; electric field ; TM110 single-mode cavity ; solder ; eddy current ; GABA ; fermented food ; functional food ; non-protein amino acid ; soy sauce fermentation ; lignocellulosic biomass ; holocellulose ; CMC ; degree of substitution ; excipient ; non-edible ; oil ; biodiesel production ; fuel ; Lactobacillus isolation ; lag phase ; bacteria sequencing ; breast milk ; chitosan ; co-loaded nanoparticles ; hydrophobic modification ; l-ascorbic acid ; thymoquinone ; sustainable supply chain management (SSSCM) ; social sustainability ; qualitative research ; Pakistan ; biohydrogen production ; immobilised cells ; entrapment ; alginate ; activated carbon ; carbon dioxide ; culture media ; microorganism ; optimization ; plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ; oil palm seedlings nursery ; biofertilizers ; chemical fertilizer ; n/a ; sago hampas ; amylase ; cellulase ; substrate feeding ; saccharification ; biomass ; waste cooking oil ; green fuel ; biodiesel ; heterogeneous catalyst ; deoxygenation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Some terms, such as eco-friendly, circular economy and green technologies, have remained in our vocabulary, because the truth is that mankind is altering the planet to put its own subsistence at risk. Besides, for rationalization in the consumption of raw materials and energy, the recycling of waste through efficient and sustainable processes forms the backbone of the paradigm of a sustainable industry. One of the most relevant technologies for the new productive model is anaerobic digestion. Historically, anaerobic digestion has been developed in the field of urban wastes and wastewater treatments, but in the new challenge, its role is more relevant. Anaerobic digestion is a technologically mature biological treatment, which joins bioenergy production with the efficient removal of contaminants. This issue provides a specialized, but broad in scope, overview of the possibilities of the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass (mainly forestry and agricultural wastes), which is expected to be a more promising substrate for the development of biorefineries. Its conversion to bioenergy through anaerobic digestion must solve some troubles: the complex lignocellulosic structure needs to be deconstructed by pretreatments and a co-substrate may need to be added to improve the biological process. Ten selected works advance this proposal into the future.
    Keywords: exhausted sugar beet pulp ; pig manure ; anaerobic co-digestion ; thermophilic ; lignocellulosic waste ; anaerobic digestion ; biogas ; optimization ; operating parameters ; review ; particle-rich substrate ; suspended solids disintegration ; disintegration kinetics ; cellulase ; lignocellulosic biomass ; pretreatment methods ; limitations ; hydro-thermal pretreatment ; biofuels ; feedstock and degradation pathway ; AD systems ; pretreatment technologies ; process stability ; codigestion ; rice straw ; nutrients ; recycling ; digestate ; methane ; corn residue ; organosolv pretreatment ; sugar beet by-products ; manure ; semi-continuous feeding mode ; methane improvement ; non-classical parameters ; sorghum mutant ; biomass ; soluble sugars ; dilute acid pretreatment ; one-pot process ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Cognitive building is a pioneering topic envisioning the future of our built environment. The concept of "cognitive" provides a paradigm shift that steps from the static concept of the building as a container of human activities towards the modernist vision of "machine à habiter" of Le Corbusier, where the technological content adds the capability of learning from users' behavior and environmental variables to adapt itself to achieve major goals such as user comfort, energy-saving, flexible functionality, high durability, and good maintainability. The concept is based on digital frameworks and IoT networks towards the concept of a smart city.
    Keywords: explainable post occupancy ; humanoid robot ; lighting simulation software ; BIM ; openBIM ; IFC ; IoT ; sensors ; cognitive buildings ; asset management ; digital twin ; BEM ; simulation modelling ; dynamic simulation ; Building Information Modelling (BIM) ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; facility management ; cyber-physical systems ; Building Management System ; Digital Twin ; Post-Occupancy Evaluations ; cognitive ; digital twins ; building lifecycle management ; artificial intelligence ; decision support ; self-learning ; optimization ; building performance simulation ; lighting simulation ; lighting quality ; visual comfort ; office field study ; evidence-based design ; building information modeling ; HVAC ; fan coil ; Internet of Things ; predictive maintenance ; fault detection ; smart building ; sustainable building ; construction projects ; BIM implementation ; stakeholders ; barriers ; construction product ; servitization ; level of evidence ; level curves ; ground slopes ; embankments ; road and rail design ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: With the announcement of the European Green Deal, which defines a set of policy initiatives aimed at achieving a 50–55% reduction in carbon emissions by 2030 and making Europe climate neutral in 2050, the challenge of energy transition becomes even more critical. The transformation of national energy systems towards sustainability is progressing throughout all Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, yet the goals and results are different. Most EU Member States have made substantial progress towards meeting their long-term commitments of emissions reductions. However, some bloc members have struggled to meet their obligations. An effective energy transition requires the introduction of appropriately designed policy instruments and of robust economic analyses that ensure the best possible outcomes at the lowest costs for society. In this context, this Special Issue aims to bring into the discussion the challenges that CEE countries have to face and overcome while undergoing energy transition.
    Keywords: climate change ; food security ; grand challenges ; multiple factor analysis ; regional studies ; renewable energy ; sustainable development goals ; support systems ; energy policy ; cogeneration ; capacity market ; individual cogeneration premium ; trade globalization ; financial globalization ; CO2 emissions ; real GDP per capita ; bootstrap panel Granger causality ; EU transition economies ; photovoltaics ; renewable energy sources ; “My Electricity” ; renewable energy policy ; Poland ; “Mój Prąd” ; grant ; renewable energy grants ; renewable energy support ; economic appraisal ; social discount rate ; Ramsey formula ; consumption rate of interest ; social opportunity cost ; renewable energy sources (RES) ; green energy transformation ; sustainable development ; energy cooperatives ; coopetition ; Renewable Energy Communities ; management ; households ; energy consumption ; platform ; EU ETS ; CO2 ; emissions trading ; energy companies from Central and Eastern Europe ; decarbonisation ; energy transition ; low-carbon technology ; climate and energy policy ; indicators ; biomass ; electric vehicle ; electromobility ; energy balance ; efficiency engines ; clustering ; charging stations ; data analysis ; hydrogen cells ; energy law ; customer preferences ; electric car ; PHEV ; driving technique ; limestone sorbents ; flue gas desulphurisation ; FGD gypsum ; coal-fired power plants ; climate policy ; capacity adequacy ; linear programming ; COVID-19 pandemic ; lockdown ; electricity demand profiles ; Polish energy mix ; energy transition in Poland ; social acceptance ; carbon emissions ; fleet electrification ; sustainable mobility ; fleet management ; energy mix ; onshore wind ; risk assessment ; cash-flows ; discount rate ; cost of capital ; cost of equity ; district heating ; decarbonization ; energy efficiency ; Hubgrade ; remuneration mechanism ; power generation ; new investments ; combined heat and power ; optimization ; thermal energy storage ; uncertainty ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: According to the National Research Council, the use of embedded systems throughout society could well overtake previous milestones in the information revolution. Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of electronic, mechanical engineering, controls, software and systems engineering in the design of processes and products. Mechatronic systems put “intelligence” into physical systems. Embedded sensors/actuators/processors are integral parts of mechatronic systems. The implementation of mechatronic systems is consistently on the rise. However, manufacturers are working hard to reduce the implementation cost of these systems while trying avoid compromising product quality. One way of addressing these conflicting objectives is through new automatic control methods, virtual sensing/estimation, and new innovative hardware topologies.
    Keywords: independent-wheel drive ; steering assistance ; nonlinear system ; active disturbance rejection control ; smooth road feeling ; city bus transport ; electric vehicles ; electrification ; software tool ; planning ; control ; charging management ; simulation ; analysis ; energy management ; hybrid electric vehicle ; powertrain electrification ; equivalent consumption minimization ; supercharging ; hardware-in-the-loop experiments ; driving force distribution ; decentralized traction system ; 4WD electric vehicle ; energy efficiency ; traction control ; efficiency optimization ; air mobility ; fuel cell hybrid aircraft ; stochastic optimal control ; drift counteraction optimal control ; normal force estimation ; unbiased minimum variance estimation ; controller output observer ; youla parameterization ; adaptive cruise control ; automated driving ; energy-saving ; fuel-saving ; optimal control ; passenger comfort ; new energy vehicles ; speed prediction ; macroscopic traffic model ; traffic big-data ; deep learning ; vehicle lateral dynamic and control ; unresolved issues ; application of speed prediction ; electric vehicle ; hybrid vehicle ; lithium ion ; ultracapacitor ; battery aging ; EHB ; EMB ; EWB ; system modeling ; bond graph ; optimization ; control design ; Youla parameterization ; robust control ; nonlinear optimization ; brake-by-wire ; actuator ; electro-mechanical brake ; electronic wedge brake ; electro-hydraulic brake ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book, which is a reprint of articles published in the Special Issue "Advances in Hydrogen Energy" in Energies, seeks to contribute to disseminating the most recent advancements in the field of hydrogen energy. It does so by presenting scientific works from around the world covering both modeling and experimental analysis. The focus is placed on research covering all aspects of the hydrogen energy, from production to storage and final use, including the development of other easy to transport and versatile hydrogen-based energy carriers via the power-to-x (PtX) route, such as ammonia and methanol.Hydrogen energy research and development has attracted growing attention as one of the key solutions for clean future energy systems. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, governments across the world are developing ambitious policies to support hydrogen technology, and an increasing level of funding has been allocated for projects of research, development, and demonstration of these technologies. At the same time, the private sector is capitalizing on the opportunity with larger investments in hydrogen technology solutions.While intense research activities have been dedicated to this field, several issues require further research prior to achieving full commercialization of hydrogen technology solutions. This book addresses some of these issues by presenting detailed models to optimize design strategies and operating conditions for the entire hydrogen value chain, covering production via electrolysis, storage and use in different types of fuel cells and in different forms of energy carriers.
    Keywords: methanol steam reforming ; hydrogen production ; exhaust waste heat ; rib microreactor ; air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells ; adiabatic fuel cell temperature ; thermodynamic analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cells ; ammonia ; hydrogen ; production ; storage ; utilization ; CO2 free ; hydrogen storage ; hydrogen compression ; non-mechanical compressors ; electrochemical compressors ; activated carbons ; computational analysis ; high-pressure methanol steam reformer ; phase change heat transfer ; high pressure steam condensation ; high temperature PEM ; fuel cell ; electro-osmotic drag ; polymer electrolyte membrane ; proton exchange membrane fuel cells ; proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells ; membrane water transport ; elementary reactions steps ; rate-determining step ; solid oxide electrolysis cell ; multi-physics ; optimal rib/pitch ratio ; parameters sensitivity ; analytical expression ; SOFC ; system ; model ; stack test ; hydrogen systems ; cryogenics ; vortex tubes ; computational fluid dynamics ; low melting metal ; Al-based alloy ; metal smelting ; fuel cells ; hydrogen hybrid energy system ; thermography ; CFD modeling ; heat transfer ; optimization ; PEM ; fault ; diagnosis ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; distribution of relaxation times ; reformate ; proton exchange membrane fuel cell ; gas diffusion layer ; microscopic porous layer ; fracture ; two phase flow ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Climate change is becoming visible today, and so this book—through including innovative solutions and experimental research as well as state-of-the-art studies in challenging areas related to sustainable energy development based on hybrid energy systems that combine renewable energy systems with fuel cells—represents a useful resource for researchers in these fields. In this context, hydrogen fuel cell technology is one of the alternative solutions for the development of future clean energy systems. As this book presents the latest solutions, readers working in research areas related to the above are invited to read it.
    Keywords: fuel cell powered vehicle ; medium- and heavy-duty trucks ; component sizing ; ownership cost ; optimization ; hybrid power systems ; renewable energy sources ; fuel cell systems ; required-power-following control ; fuel economy ; permanent magnet synchronous generator ; fault ride-through ; interval type-2 fuzzy logic system ; wind energy conversion ; proton exchange membrane fuel cell ; hydrogen economy ; fueling flows control ; global extremum seeking ; load following ; matlab ; simulink ; real-time capability ; dynamic fuel cell model ; electricity distribution networks ; optimal capacitor allocation ; Genetic Algorithm ; Particle Swarm Optimization ; Bat Algorithm ; Whale Algorithm ; Sperm-Whale Algorithm ; alternative energy ; energy efficiency ; fuel cell ; hydrogen energy ; stationary application ; electrical vehicle ; AC charging station in mode 3 ; PLC ; steam methane reforming ; steam methanol reforming ; electrical efficiency ; exergy efficiency ; LNG ; Stirling engine ; solar concentrator ; automation system ; human–machine interface ; sensors ; direct methanol fuel cell ; multi stacks ; portable power ; energy management system ; Internet of Things ; long-term ; in-field test ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This Special Issue and Book, ‘Latest Hydroforming Technology of Metallic Tubes and Sheets’, includes 16 papers, which cover the state of the art of forming technologies in the relevant topics in the field. The technologies and methodologies presented in these papers will be very helpful for scientists, engineers, and technicians in product development or forming technology innovation related to tube hydroforming processes.
    Keywords: tube hydroforming ; small-diameter tube ; magnesium alloy ; warm working ; deformation characteristics ; forming defects ; forming limit ; bellows forming ; vision-based sensor ; fuzzy control ; semi-dieless forming ; local heating ; metal spinning ; tube forming ; incremental forming ; numerical control ; hydroforming ; overlapping blank ; variable-diameter part ; thickness ; ultra-thin walled tube ; tube bending ; laminated mandrel ; rotary draw bending ; Finite Element Analysis (FEA) ; deformation property ; lightweight structure ; bending ; formability ; numerical methods ; processing technology ; crash safety ; hot bending ; partial-quench ; FEM ; strip friction test ; friction coefficient ; surface roughness ; sliding speed ; contact pressure ; movable die ; loading path ; finite element simulation ; irregular bellows ; metal tube ; planetary ball dies ; diameter reduction process ; forming limits ; biaxial stretching ; forming limit measurement ; experimental design ; strain rate sensitivity ; elevated temperatures ; pneumatic forming ; drawing ; flaring ; tube expansion ; plug drawing ; thickness reduction ; hydro-flanging ; punch head shape ; finite element analysis ; alumimum alloy ; tube bulging test ; formability test ; biaxial strain ; local rubber bulging ; cutout shape ; slit length ; two-layer tube ; rigid plasticity ; arbitrary yield criterion ; arbitrary hardening law ; analytic solution ; magnesium alloy tube ; warm hydroforming ; non-uniform temperature field ; protrusion type forming ; wall thickness distribution ; coupled thermal-structural analysis ; optimization ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Micro- and nano-molding technologies are continuously being developed due to enduring trends like increasing miniaturization and higher functional integration of products, devices, and systems. Furthermore, with the introduction of higher performance polymers, feedstocks, and composites, new opportunities in terms of material properties can be exploited, and, consequently, more micro-products and micro/nano-structured surfaces are currently being designed and manufactured.Innovations in micro- and nano-molding techniques are seen in the different processes employed in production (injection molding, micro injection molding, etc.); on the use of new and functional materials; for an ever-increasing number of applications (health-care devices, micro-implants, mobility, and communications products, optical elements, micro-electromechanical systems, sensors, etc.); in several key enabling technologies that support the successful realization of micro and nano molding processes (micro- and nano-tooling technologies, process monitoring techniques, micro- and nanometrology methods for quality control, simulation, etc.) and their integration into new manufacturing process chains.This Special Issue reprint showcases research papers and review articles that focus on the latest developments in micro-manufacturing and key enabling technologies for the production of both micro-products and micro-structured surfaces.
    Keywords: demolding process ; molecular dynamics simulation ; polypropylene ; injection molding ; nanostructure ; depth-to-width ratio ; air-shielding electrochemical micro-machining ; nozzle design ; flow field ; grey relational analysis ; optimization ; bistable mechanism ; V-beam structure ; compliant mechanism ; microinjection molding ; out-of-plane ; silicon photonics ; integrated optics ; waveguide crossing design ; multimode interference (MMI) ; sub-wavelength grating (SWG) ; multiplexing technology ; optical aspheric surface ; fast tool serve (FTS) ; machining error ; optical performance ; micro injection moulding ; adiabatic heating ; diesel effect ; venting ; film insert moulding ; surface analysis ; blister formation ; simulation ; semi-crystalline polymer ; PLLA ; thermoplastics ; microdevice ; direct-writing ; additive manufacturing ; micro manufacturing ; functionalization ; modeling ; micro-injection molding ; micro replication ; process simulation ; grating couplers ; integrated waveguide devices ; functional analysis ; micro-injection moulding ; machine design ; process capability ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Honey is a very complex food that requires multiple analytical, statistical and mathematical methods to guarantee honey authentication. This Special Issue contains innovative research on different analytical procedures for the determination of chemical compounds, functional properties, sensory characteristics and pollen profiles for the interpretation of the botanical and geographical origin of honey. This book compiles twelve original studies that address these issues and improve the knowledge of honeys of multiple botanical and geographical origins.
    Keywords: honey ; authentication ; physicochemical parameters ; PCA ; characterization ; Algerian honey ; botanical origin ; biogeographical origin ; safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) honey ; chemical analysis ; anti-inflammatory ; antioxidant ; NF-κB ; Nrf-2 ; hydrogen peroxide ; functional food ; bacterial pathogen ; commercial honey ; quality standard ; Babors Kabylia ; sensorial properties ; melissopalynology ; quality parameters ; multivariate analysis ; quality control ; NIR ; modified partial least squares ; linear discriminant analysis ; Silicoflagellata ; diatoms ; pollen ; spores ; autumn heather honey ; Erica manipuliflora Salisb. ; volatiles ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; solid-phase microextraction ; optimization ; response surface methodology ; polyphenols ; phenolic profile ; total phenolic content ; antioxidant activity ; liquid chromatography ; tandem mass spectrometry ; principal components analysis ; light stable isotope mass spectrometry ; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography ; high resolution mass spectrometry ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; principal component analysis ; floral origins ; entomological origin ; mitochondrial DNA ; NADH dehydrogenase 2 ; PCR ; honeydew ; pine honey ; sensory evaluation ; bioactivity ; antimicrobial ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This book is a compilation of original research articles that apply a variety of techniques to identify and evaluate water resource management policies. These papers cover a wide range of topics and methodologies applied across the world, from a local to a continental scope. They illustrate open challenges in water resource management, such as the quantitative assessment of policy impacts, trade-off analyses, understanding the water–energy–food–environment nexus, collaborative model development, stakeholder engagement, formalizing social interactions, or improving the theoretical understanding of complex adaptive systems. Therefore, this book is a representation of research areas that have emerged from the origins of water resource systems analysis, seeking to improve the way in which water policy is formulated and implemented.
    Keywords: climate change ; water resources ; water availability ; uncertainty ; WAAPA model ; Western Europe ; water quality ; background pollutants ; export coefficient model ; chemical oxygen demand ; ammonia nitrogen ; water resource accessibility ; spatial pattern ; coupling coordination degree ; water resource management ; Southwest China ; pump efficiency ; water distribution systems ; water supply systems ; optimization ; design policies ; design ; BMPs ; Revised GWLF ; NSGAII ; hydrological dam safety ; initial reservoir level ; maximum conservation level ; water conservation volume ; flood control volume ; yield reliability ; regular operation ; stochastic methodology ; water management ; resources ; system dynamics ; drought management ; drought impacts ; urban public services ; inter-administrative cooperation ; border studies ; internal borders ; river municipalities ; freshwater health ; river chief system ; ecological integrity ; social services ; water governance ; national standard ; risk assessment ; water-saving ; set pair analysis ; China ; fluvial ecosystems ; hydropeaking ; InSTHAn tool ; short-term flow regimes ; subdaily flows ; sustainable river management ; droughts ; hydrological risk ; agri-food sector ; event study ; financial markets ; BOVESPA ; stormwater ; industrial facilities ; run off ; self-reported data ; multifunctional water source area ; ecotourism, people with different stakeholders ; balanced decision-making ; sponge city ; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method ; water resource carrying capacity ; gray correlation analysis ; multiple linear regression models ; water environment capacity ; reservoir performance ; water resources systems ; participatory modeling ; river basin planning ; watershed management ; water scarcity ; water conflicts ; Robust Decision Support ; WEAP ; Integrated Water Resources Management ; Bolivia ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Since the 1990s, food chemistry opened a new chapter in foods and plants investigation. An increasing attention to secondary metabolites and micro-constituents of nutraceutical interest present in foods has been noticed, supporting previous studies on macronutrient composition. Thanks to positive scientific opinions on the presence of bioactive molecules in plants and foods, the previous vision of exploring foods exclusively from a “caloric” point of view has been changed to looking at foodstuffs as having positive effects on human health.This book focuses on the optimization and validation of advanced analytical methodologies dedicated to the characterization and valorization of foods and plants containing bioactive molecules. Qualitative and quantitative characterization, food security, traceability, and innovation in the field of nutraceutical and functional nutrition will be of particular interest in order to stimulate a dialogue on correct nutrition concepts in a constantly changing cultural, technological, and climate context.
    Keywords: HPTLC-MS coupling ; HPTLC ; negative ion DESI-HR-MS/MS ; anthraquinones ; Chilean mushrooms ; genus Cortinarius ; millet starch ; edible film ; Clove ; GC-MS ; beetroot ; lactic acid bacteria ; betalains ; functional food products ; NMR ; metabolomics ; Brassica oleracea (var. italica) ; organic and conventional pratices ; glucosinolates ; extra-virgin olive oils ; oleuropein ; phenols ; tocopherols ; HPLC-MS ; multivariate statistical data ; 6-gingerol ; 6-shogaol ; commercial formulation ; ginger extract ; green reversed phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (RP-HPTLC) ; simultaneous analysis ; kaempferol ; Ocimum basilicum ; high performance thin layer chromatography in connection with ultraviolet detection (HPTLC-VIS) ; box-Behnken design ; optimization ; validation ; microalgae ; isolation ; identification ; lipid productivity ; berries ; fruit wines polyphenols identification ; LC–MSn ; whole barley flour ; pearling fractions ; proteins ; β-glucans ; arabinoxylans ; tocols ; phenolic compounds ; antioxidant capacity ; functional food ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Many research teams are working to demonstrate that microorganisms can be our daily partners, due to the great diversity of biochemical transformations and molecules they are able to produce. This Special Issue highlights several facets of the production of microbial metabolites of interest. From the discovery of new strains or new bioactive molecules issued from novel environments, to the increase in their synthesis by traditional or innovative methods, different levels of biotechnological processes are addressed. Combining the new dimensions of "Omics" sciences, such as genomics, transcriptomics or metabolomics, microbial biotechnologies are opening up incredible opportunities for discovering and improving microorganisms and their production.
    Keywords: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ; polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ; mutant strain ; Aurantiochytrium sp. ; transcriptome ; Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris ; 6-pentyl-α-pyrone ; antibiosis ; Trichoderma ; secondary metabolites ; antibiofilm ; Gram-negative bacterium ; antibiotic resistance ; natural products ; angucycline ; aquayamycin ; glycosyltransferase ; Lake Baikal ; Streptomyces ; Talaromyces albobiverticillius 30548 ; submerged fermentation ; pigments ; biomass ; optimization ; Box–Behnken experimental design ; response surface modeling ; carnosic acid ; propolis ; antifungal action ; synergy ; Candida albicans ; biofilms ; sponges ; actinomycetes ; cryptic ; Micromonospora ; Nocardia ; Gordonia ; mycolic acid ; LC-HRESIMS ; N-functionalized amines ; N-methylanthranilate ; Corynebacterium glutamicum ; metabolic engineering ; sustainable production of quinoline precursors ; acridone ; quinazoline alkaloid drugs ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Covid-19 ; Mpro ; microbial natural products ; docking ; molecular dynamic simulation ; Serratiochelin A ; Serratiochelin C ; Serratia sp. ; siderophore ; iron ; anticancer ; microbial biotechnology ; degradation ; antibacterial ; S. aureus ; sparkling wine ; second fermentation ; fermentation by-products ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae flor yeast ; proteins ; Scopalina hapalia ; Actinomycetes ; Bacillus ; Fungi ; elastase inhibition ; tyrosinase inhibition ; CDK7 inhibition ; Fyn kinase inhibition ; catalase activation ; sirtuin 1 activation ; Curvularia papendorfii ; endophytic fungi ; human coronavirus HCoV 229E ; Staphylococcus sp. ; MRSA ; antiproliferative activity ; polyhydroxyacid ; kheiric acid ; insect ; mealworm ; gut bacteria ; OSMAC ; cyclic peptides ; biosynthetic pathway ; autophagy inducer ; fermentation ; Lactococcus lactis ; bacteriocin ; culture conditions ; medium compositions ; lactic acid fermentation ; Pediococcus acidilactici PA204 ; simultaneous saccharification and fermentation ; corn stover ; pyocyanin ; maize industry wastewater ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa NEJ01R ; redox metabolite ; response surface analysis ; bioproduction ; valorization ; electrochemical analysis ; sugarcane ; distillery waste water ; molasses spent wash ; vinasse ; fungi ; yeasts ; bioremediation ; COD ; discoloration ; antimicrobial ; antioxidant ; GNPS ; textiles ; cation-exchange resin ; adsorption ; removal ; ammonium ; cell viability ; mutant gdhA P. multocida B:2 ; cyanobacteria ; photosynthesis ; synthetic biology ; systems biology ; genome-scale model ; protoplast fusion ; novel compound discovery ; cell wall-deficiency ; heteroploidy ; Talaromyces ; azaphilone ; marine fungi ; N-threonyl-rubropunctamin ; PP-R ; greener extraction ; red pigments ; fungal pigments ; antinematode compound ; anthelminthic drugs ; marine epiphytic bacteria ; marine biofilm ; marine environment ; parasitic nematode ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; natural colors ; bio-pigments ; quorum sensing ; marine bacteria ; biosynthesis ; biological activities ; industrial applications ; therapeutic insights ; global pigment market ; terpenoids ; sesquiterpene production ; Rhodobacter capsulatus ; β-caryophyllene ; bioactivity ; phytopathogens ; plant pathogenic fungi ; plant growth-promoting bacteria ; microorganisms ; biotechnology ; screening ; production ; extraction ; bioactive properties ; perspectives ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The electrical demands in several countries around the world are increasing due to the huge energy requirements of prosperous economies and the human activities of modern life. In order to economically transfer electrical powers from the generation side to the demand side, these powers need to be transferred at high-voltage levels through suitable transmission systems and power substations. To this end, high-voltage transmission systems and power substations are in demand. Actually, they are at the heart of interconnected power systems, in which any faults might lead to unsuitable consequences, abnormal operation situations, security issues, and even power cuts and blackouts. In order to cope with the ever-increasing operation and control complexity and security in interconnected high-voltage power systems, new architectures, concepts, algorithms, and procedures are essential. This book aims to encourage researchers to address the technical issues and research gaps in high-voltage transmission systems and power substations in modern energy systems.
    Keywords: VFTO suppression ; GIS ; high-frequency inductance calculation ; damping busbar ; dynamic state estimation (DSE) ; synchronous machine ; ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) ; Sage–Husa algorithm ; grounding grid ; magnetic field ; orientation ; transient electromagnetic method (TEM) ; traction power-supply system ; protective relay ; digital simulator ; monitoring and controlling system ; railway ; transformer ; transmission line ; discrete wavelet transform ; mother wavelet ; fault classification ; multiprocessor system ; online non-clairvoyant scheduling ; weighted flow time ; potential analysis ; energy efficiency ; modular multilevel converter ; STATCOM ; optimization ; harmonics ; Harris Hawk’s optimization ; Atom search optimization ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; contamination ; insulators ; salt ; calibration curves ; PV water pumping ; high gain DC-DC converter ; modified LUO converter ; hybrid MPPT algorithm ; grey wolf optimizer ; cyber-physical security ; microgrid ; cyber-attacks ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Today’s power system is facing the challenges of increasing global demand for electricity, high-reliability requirements, the need for clean energy and environmental protection, and planning restrictions. To move towards a green and smart electric power system, centralized generation facilities are being transformed into smaller and more distributed ones. As a result, the microgrid concept is emerging, where a microgrid can operate as a single controllable system and can be viewed as a group of distributed energy loads and resources, which can include many renewable energy sources and energy storage systems. The energy management of a large number of distributed energy resources is required for the reliable operation of the microgrid. Microgrids and nanogrids can allow for better integration of distributed energy storage capacity and renewable energy sources into the power grid, therefore increasing its efficiency and resilience to natural and technical disruptive events. Microgrid networking with optimal energy management will lead to a sort of smart grid with numerous benefits such as reduced cost and enhanced reliability and resiliency. They include small-scale renewable energy harvesters and fixed energy storage units typically installed in commercial and residential buildings. In this challenging context, the objective of this book is to address and disseminate state-of-the-art research and development results on the implementation, planning, and operation of microgrids/nanogrids, where energy management is one of the core issues.
    Keywords: energy demand ; long-term forecasting ; machine learning ; R programming ; solar power generation ; support vector regression ; economic energy ; Bonobo Optimizer ; hybrid renewable energy system ; microgrid ; PV panels ; wind turbine ; energy storage ; hierarchical control ; primary ; secondary control ; droop control ; frequency restoration ; voltage restoration ; grid synchronization ; proportional resonant controller ; robust control ; distributed generation, microgrid ; LMI ; optimization ; lightning attachment procedure optimization (LAPO) algorithm ; photovoltaic panel ; uncertainty ; cooperation ; energy ; reliability ; Monte Carlo ; smart energy control ; grid-synchronization ; dynamic voltage restorer ; converter control system ; sliding mode control ; economic scheduling ; clean energy ; quantum mayfly algorithm (QMA) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The renewable generation system is currently experiencing rapid growth in various power grids. The stability and dynamic response issues of power grids are receiving attention due to the increase in power electronics-based renewable energy. The main focus of this Special Issue is to provide solutions for power system planning and operation. Power electronics-based devices can offer new ancillary services to several industrial sectors. In order to fully include the capability of power conversion systems in the network integration of renewable generators, several studies should be carried out, including detailed studies of switching circuits, and comprehensive operating strategies for numerous devices, consisting of large-scale renewable generation clusters.
    Keywords: isolated microgrid ; renewable energy source ; diesel generator ; battery energy storage system ; hierarchical control ; power systems ; floquet multiplier ; poincaré map ; time series data ; DFIG ; renewable energy ; battery energy storage system (BESS) ; control strategy ; modular multilevel converter ; state-of-charge (SOC) equalization ; preliminary design ; optimization ; rotor loss ; guide vane outlet flow angle ; radial turbine ; CAES ; deadbeat control ; discrete space vector modulation ; computation efficiency ; model predictive control ; grid connected system ; three-level system ; T-type inverter ; PV diagnosis ; ESS application ; DC power flow ; DC system dynamics ; hybrid generation system ; phase-locked loop (PLL) ; synchronization ; hybrid filter ; low-cost hybrid converter ; bi-directional converter ; parallel configuration of converters ; converter for multi-MW wind generator ; offshore wind energy converter applications ; AC-DC matrix converter ; virtual space vector ; DC ripple reduction ; microgeneration ; solar energy ; photovoltaic ; crowd funding ; solid-state circuit breaker ; microgrid protection ; DC protection ; SSCB ; short-term load forecasting ; two-stage forecasting model ; combined cooling heating and power ; energy operation plan ; economic analysis ; calculation load ; iterative methods ; fault restoration ; distribution generation ; temporary fault ride-through ; voltage control ; inrush current control ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Currently, the modelling and control of mechatronic and robotic systems is an open and challenging field of investigation in both industry and academia. The book encompasses the kinematic and dynamic modelling, analysis, design, and control of mechatronic and robotic systems, with the scope of improving their performance, as well as simulating and testing novel devices and control architectures. A broad range of disciplines and topics are included, such as robotic manipulation, mobile systems, cable-driven robots, wearable and rehabilitation devices, variable stiffness safety-oriented mechanisms, optimization of robot performance, and energy-saving systems.
    Keywords: bionic mechanism design ; synthesis ; exoskeleton ; finger motion rehabilitation ; super-twisting control law ; robot manipulators ; fast terminal sliding mode control ; semi-active seat suspension ; integrated model ; control ; fuzzy logic-based self-tuning ; PID ; super-twisting ; sliding mode extended state observer ; saturation function ; fuzzy logic ; attenuate disturbance ; pHRI ; variable stiffness actuator ; V2SOM ; friendly cobots ; safety criteria ; human–robot collisions ; underwater vehicle-manipulator system ; motion planning ; coordinated motion control ; inertial delay control ; fuzzy compensator ; extended Kalman filter ; feedback linearization ; CPG ; self-growing network ; quadruped robot ; trot gait ; directional index ; serial robot ; performance evaluation ; kinematics ; hydraulic press ; energy saving ; energy efficiency ; installed power ; processing performance ; space robotics ; planetary surface exploration ; terrain awareness ; mechanics of vehicle–terrain interaction ; vehicle dynamics ; multi-support shaft system vibration control ; combined simulation ; transverse bending vibration ; Smart Spring ; adaptive control ; hydraulics ; differential cylinder ; feedforward ; motion control ; manipulator arm ; trajectory optimization ; “whip-lashing” method ; reduction of cycle time ; trajectory planning ; SolidWorks and MATLAB software applications ; dynamic modeling ; multibody simulation ; robotic lander ; variable radius drum ; impact analysis ; cable-driven parallel robots ; cable-suspended robots ; dynamic workspace ; throwing robots ; casting robot ; redesign ; slider-crank mechanism ; optimization ; synthesis problem ; rehabilitation devices ; six-wheel drive (6WD) ; skid steering ; electric unmanned ground vehicle (EUGV) ; driving force distribution ; vehicle motion control ; maneuverability and stability ; hexapod robot ; path planning ; energy consumption ; cost of transport ; heuristic optimization ; mobile robots ; tractor-trailer ; wheel slip compensation ; gait optimization ; genetic algorithm ; quadrupedal locomotion ; evolutionary programming ; optimal contact forces ; micro aerial vehicles ; visual-based control ; Kalman filter ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Water is a vital element for life and the environment. Water pollution has been documented as a contributor to a wide range of health problems. In recent years, the water quality levels have suffered great deterioration because of rapid social and economic development and because it is used to “dump” a wide range of pollutants.This book entitled “Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment” contains featured research papers dealing with recent developments and advances in all aspects related to membranes for water and wastewater treatment: membrane processes, combined processes (including one membrane step), modified membranes, new materials, and the possibility to reduce fouling and to improve the efficiency of enhanced processes. The papers compiled in this Special Issue can be read as a response to the current needs and challenges in membrane development for water and wastewater treatment.Half of the research articles correspond to concrete and practical applications of the use of membrane processes in different fields of the industry, with the aim of treating and conditioning water and wastewater. The studies reveal the treatment of industrial streams, mining, recycled paper industry, olive mill, urban wastewater, etc. Another important percentage of studies are related to membrane modification processes, with the aim of obtaining new materials with better performance in the separation processes, thus describing the use of membranes modified with chitosan, nanoparticles, and other organic compounds. This field also includes studies related to fouling and its modeling.
    Keywords: aquaporin ; forward osmosis (FO) ; membrane ; scaling ; calcium ; post-treatment ; nanofiltration ; calcium-carboxyl intra-bridging ; water purification ; desalination ; ultrafiltration ; membrane fouling ; fouling model ; surface water ; coagulation ; backwash ; polyamide membrane ; carbon nitride ; seawater desalination ; mixed matrix membranes ; thin film composite ; diffusion dialysis ; anion exchange membrane ; acid recovery ; paper mill treated effluent ; optimization ; fouling ; DoE ; Taguchi method ; fouling development model ; filtration law ; pore blocking ; multiple linear regression ; statistical test ; WWTP ; renovation and upgrading ; ultrafiltration membrane ; net present value ; biofouling ; polyethersulfone ; chlorine ; membrane modification ; low-fouling surface ; anaerobic membrane bioreactor ; temperature ; membrane fouling behavior ; sludge flocs characteristics ; soluble microbial product ; extracellular polymeric substance ; DSPM model ; heavy metals ; total volume membrane charge density ; ceramic membrane ; membrane surface modification ; antifouling ; hydrophilicity ; mussel-inspired ; protein ; sulfonic cation-exchange membrane ; hydration number ; pulsed field gradient NMR ; diffusion coefficient ; ionic conductivity ; membrane module modeling ; calcium sulfate precipitation risk ; ionic rejection coefficients ; quorum sensing ; acyl homoserine lactone ; olive mill wastewater ; membrane separation process ; microfiltration ; reverse osmosis ; water recovery ; chitosan ; water content ; water permeability ; alkali treatment ; characterization ; dyes ; molecular structure ; physico-chemical properties ; filter water bag ; Dioscorea hispida ; starch ; forward osmosis membrane ; glutaraldehyde ; emergency ; cobalt(II) ; supported liquid membranes ; ultrasound ; D2EHPA ; counter-transport ; transport parameters ; modeling ; thiocyanate ; wastewater treatment ; process design ; antibiotics ; antibiotic resistance genes ; viral genomes ; wastewater effluents ; occurrence ; pilot-scale treatment ; selective separation ; ion-exchange resin ; wafer-enhanced electrodeionization ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 20
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Catalysts are widely used in a great variety of technologies, providing remarkable efficiency in order to address sustainable energy production, climate change challenges, and to reduce industrial emissions. In the framework of the Environmental Catalysis section promoted by the Catalysts Editorial Office, this Special Issue, entitled “Environmental Friendly Catalysts for Energy and Pollution Control Applications”, comprises novel studies representing the state-of-the-art research for efficient energy generation and industrial emission control based on new environmentally friendly catalyst materials (EFCs). In particular, in this Special Issue (SI), different kinds of catalysts are presented for catalytic solutions, including the reduction of NOx emissions (new zeolite catalyst modified with Pt), the elimination of volatile organic compounds (Co3O4@SiO2 and acidic surface transformed natural zeolite) and the removal of SO2 emissions (through adsorption processes with sodium citrate). Moreover, novel biocatalysts for bioanodes and new functional nanostructured catalysts based on metal–organic framework (MOFs) for different applications are also included. Additionally, articles compiled in this SI are also focused on the improvement of catalytic processes. Thus, selected processes based on activated carbons (modified with titanium dioxide) and optimized Fenton processes for the removal of aqueous organic pollutants or for the inactivation of bacteria are also presented.
    Keywords: photocatalysis ; organic wastewater ; preparation method ; degradation ; characterizations ; hybridization ; exoelectrogen ; biocatalyst ; microenvironment ; porous electrode ; anaerobic ; recalcitrant compounds ; E. coli K12 ; methylene blue ; optimization ; Pareto chart ; perturbation graph ; Pt-based promoter ; CO oxidation ; environmental catalysis ; refinery compliance ; fluid catalytic cracking ; FCC ; sodium citrate ; sodium humate ; SO2 ; absorption ; BaQD ; carbamazepine ; ferric coordination complex ; photo-Fenton ; turbidity ; cyanide ; activated carbon ; titanium dioxide ; composites ; continuous flow ; adsorption ; catalytic ozonation ; Lewis and Brønsted acid sites ; natural zeolite ; reaction mechanism ; toluene ; three-phase modelling ; fixed-bed reactor ; wastewater treatment ; phenol ; granular activated carbon ; Ad/Ox ; volatile organic compounds ; core–shell structures ; spherical polymer templates ; Co3O4 ; Pd-based promoter ; NOx emission ; metal–organic frameworks ; heterogeneous catalysis ; carbon dioxide ; biomass ; hydrogenation ; oxidation ; Fisher-Tropsch ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: The Special Issue presents valuable information on the perspective of using cereals/pseudocereal grains, vegetable byproducts, or flour processed by applying various techniques in baked goods and pasta products. At the same time, this Special Issue reveals the experience of authors regarding the use of plants’ ingredients as a valuable strategy to improve the nutritional profile of food products, contributing to the reduction in nutrient deficiencies, or to make products for special nutrition such as low-sodium or gluten-free ones. The quality of the raw materials, the processing techniques, and the potential of certain vegetable byproducts from fruits or oilseeds represent key aspects for obtaining qualitatively enhanced food products. Furthermore, current approaches to diversify the range of bakery and pasta products which offer health benefits to consumers are also presented in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: quinoa ; millet ; sorghum ; rice ; gluten-free bread ; rapeseed press cake ; fats ; biscuits ; antioxidant capacity ; sensory analysis ; consumer acceptance ; response surface methodology ; buckwheat flour ; dough rheology ; particle size ; optimization ; wheat flour ; salt reduction ; legislative recommendations ; bread making ; salt replacement ; bread quality ; pomace ; peel ; rheology ; bread properties ; roasted flaxseed flour ; GC/MS ; aroma ; antioxidant activity ; sensory evaluation ; fiber ; macro and microelements ; grape peels ; heat-moisture treatment ; pasta ; functional ingredients ; wholegrain flour ; wholemeal flour ; milling technology ; granulation ; starch damage ; germination ; lentil ; soybean ; microstructure ; ascorbic acid ; bread ; dough ; farinograph ; rosehip powder ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This SI presents the latest achievements, challenges and prospects for drives, actuators, sensors, controls and robot navigation with reverse validation and applications in the field of industrial automation and robotics. Automation, supported by robotics, can effectively speed up and improve production. The industrialization of complex mechatronic components, especially robots, requires a large number of special processes already in the pre-production stage provided by modelling and simulation. This area of research from the very beginning includes drives, process technology, actuators, sensors, control systems and all connections in mechatronic systems. Automation and robotics form broad-spectrum areas of research, which are tightly interconnected. To reduce costs in the pre-production stage and to reduce production preparation time, it is necessary to solve complex tasks in the form of simulation with the use of standard software products and new technologies that allow, for example, machine vision and other imaging tools to examine new physical contexts, dependencies and connections.
    Keywords: underground robots ; automation in mines ; remote control ; autonomous underground machinery ; robotic manipulator ; identification ; calibration ; Jacobian ; workcell layout detection ; QR code detection ; adaptive thresholding ; finder pattern ; perspective transformation ; smart buildings ; shared sensory system ; surveillance system ; localization ; marker detection ; manipulation ; design ; analytical calculation ; numerical analysis ; manipulation platform ; 3D deformable object ; grasping ; robust manipulation ; robot hand ; Matlab ; CoppeliaSim Edu ; V-Rep ; SolidWorks ; kinematics ; inverse kinematics (IK) ; manufacturing technology ; modular robots ; coordinate transformation ; industrial robot ; renishaw Ballbar QC20–W ; positional analysis ; measurement ; visual semantic SLAM ; semantic segmentation ; FPGA ; hardware acceleration ; mobile robots ; automated machining ; milling strategies ; geometrical tolerances ; assisted assembly ; mixed reality ; collaborative robot ; digital twin ; convolutional neural networks ; planar robotic arm ; pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) ; gravity test ; dynamic model ; validation ; optimization ; trust region algorithm ; chimney ; cleaning ; in-pipe robot ; pneumatic actuator ; simulation ; pre-identification ; least squares method ; instrumental variable method ; robotics ; sensor ; antagonistic system ; pneumatic artificial muscles ; function ; model ; trajectory planning method ; hexapod robots ; legged robots ; triangle gait ; automation ; drives ; actuators ; sensors ; diagnostics ; holography ; virtual instrumentation ; control systems ; robot navigation ; reverse validation ; trajectory control ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: A total of 30 articles have been published in this special issue, and it consists of 27 research papers, 2 technical notes, and 1 review paper. A total of 104 authors from 9 countries including Korea, Spain, Taiwan, USA, Finland, China, Slovenia, the Netherlands, and Germany participated in writing and submitting very excellent papers that were finally published after the review process had been conducted according to very strict standards. Among the published papers, 13 papers directly addressed words such as sustainable, life cycle assessment (LCA) and CO2, and 17 papers indirectly dealt with energy and CO2 reduction effects. Among the published papers, there are 6 papers dealing with construction technology, but a majority, 24 papers deal with management techniques. The authors of the published papers used various analysis techniques to obtain the suggested solutions for each topic. Listed by key techniques, various techniques such as Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the Taguchi method, machine learning including Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), regression analysis, Strength–Weakness–Opportunity–Threat (SWOT), system dynamics, simulation and modeling, Building Information Model (BIM) with schedule, and graph and data analysis after experiments and observations are identified.
    Keywords: circular foundation pit ; construction monitoring ; numerical simulation ; underground continuous wall ; reinforced concrete ; precast concrete double wall ; retaining wall ; lateral pressure ; lateral bending ; settlement ; artificial neural network ; liquefaction ; building information modeling ; drone ; LIDAR ; point cloud ; progress tracking ; school buildings ; system dynamics ; deterioration ; rehabilitation ; lifecycle cost analysis ; budget allocation ; natural disaster ; risk management ; accommodations ; operations and maintenance ; lifecycle cost ; disaster management ; inter-floor noise ; multi-dwelling houses ; smartphone application ; real-time monitoring system ; agent-based simulation ; space service quality ; efficient operation ; musculoskeletal disorders ; construction workers ; muscle stress ; standard Nordic questionnaire ; awkward posture ; simulation ; rebar work ; cutting waste ; minimization ; sustainable construction ; CO2 emission ; cutting stock problem ; 5D building information modeling ; agile project organization ; schedule/cost reliability ; degree of protection ; impact damage ; blast wave ; sustainable design consideration ; elasto-plastic design ; climate change ; typhoon ; catastrophe model ; typhoon vulnerability function ; risk analysis ; air permeability ; watertightness ; airtightness ; infiltration ; aluminium window frames ; natural hazard ; power system failure ; in-situ production ; environmental loads ; CO2 emission reduction ; life cycle assessment ; optimization model ; elevator ; noise ; vibration ; construction management ; high-rise residential building ; free-form building ; free-form concrete panel ; aluminum powder ; composite PCM mold ; social capital ; living environment ; living infrastructure ; soft infrastructure ; living social overhead capital ; inclusive growth ; inclusive city ; sustainable construction management ; tower crane accident reduction ; priority of tower crane accident causes ; sustainable development ; global sustainability ; scientific infrastructures ; Post-COVID-19 Scenario ; modeling ; building stock development ; mortality of building stock ; residential buildings ; public buildings ; commercial buildings ; paper sludge ash ; deinking sludge ; paper industry ; backfill material ; occupational safety and health expenses ; construction safety ; safety cost expenditures ; apartment construction ; ground beam ; LCA ; prefabrication ; vibro-pile ; eurocode ; precast prestressed concrete pile ; continuous flight auger pile ; eco-costs ; economic ; LCA (life cycle assessment) ; earth-retaining wall ; excavation ; environment load ; environment cost ; bid price volatility ; uncertainty in bid documents ; pre-bid clarification document ; machine learning (ML), classification model ; public project ; sustainable project management ; stone sludge ; lightweight aggregates ; controlled low-strength materials ; Taguchi method ; rebar cutting waste ; optimization ; structural work ; systematic literature review ; management performance evaluation indicators (MAPEIs) for small construction firms ; AHP ; key performance indicators (KPIs) ; corporation management ; small construction firms ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 24
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: Machining remains one of the most important manufacturing processes in the metalworking industry. Studies on this process have investigated the machinability of different materials, the behaviour of tools, chip formation, surface integrity, forces involved, and its economic and environmental sustainability. New materials are constantly being developed, and machining research needs to closely follow these developments. This book examines recent research in the machining field, covering several aspects and presenting very interesting developments in this area of knowledge.
    Keywords: magnesium alloy ; UNS M11917 ; AZ91D ; hole repair ; surface roughness ; dry drilling ; re-drilling ; thin plates ; thin-wall ; machining ; aluminium ; cutting forces ; roughness ; dry ; carbide tool ; Haynes 282 ; finishing turning ; UNS A97075 ; dry turning ; surface integrity ; straightness ; parallelism ; roundness ; concentricity ; circular run-out ; total run-out ; cylindricity ; tool edge preparation ; segmented chip ; machining simulation ; burr ; optimization ; turning process ; turning tools ; solid tools ; cemented carbide ; coated tools ; coated cemented carbide ; Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) ; Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) ; multilayered coatings ; nanolayered coatings ; wear mechanism ; tool life ; minimum quantity Lubricant (MQL) ; cutting energy ; tool damage ; liquid nitrogen ; carbon dioxide snow ; vibrations ; part quality ; flexible vacuum fixture ; AA2024 floor milling ; chip segmentation ; damage modeling ; dynamic strain aging ; stainless steel ; Ca treatment ; machinability ; turning ; chip breakability ; weight distribution ; non-metallic inclusions ; AWJM (abrasive water jet machining) ; CFRTP (carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics) ; hybrid structure ; surface quality ; Ra ; Rz ; C/TPU (carbon/thermoplastic polyurethane) ; milling ; tool coating ; TiAlN ; TiAlN-based coatings ; multilayer ; nanolayer ; wear mechanisms ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 25
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: To mark the recent advances in nanomaterials and nanotechnology in biomedical imaging and cancer therapy, this book, entitled Application of Nanomaterials in Biomedical Imaging and Cancer Therapy includes a collection of important nanomaterial studies on medical imaging and therapy. The book covers recent works on hyperthermia, external beam radiotherapy, MRI-guided radiotherapy, immunotherapy, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy, as well as medical imaging, including high-contrast and deep-tissue imaging, quantum sensing, super-resolution microscopy, and three-dimensional correlative light and electron microscopy. The significant research results and findings explored in this work are expected to help students, researchers and teachers working in the field of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in biomedical physics, to keep pace with the rapid development and the applications of nanomaterials in precise imaging and targeted therapy.
    Keywords: nanoparticles ; anisotropy ; plasmonic photothermal therapy ; surface plasmon resonance ; light scattering ; cancer treatment ; drug release ; microgels ; gold nanorods ; cancer therapy ; photothermal therapy ; photoacoustic imaging ; lung cancer ; EGFR-targeting ; nanoparticle ; cancer ; immunotherapy ; pH-responsive ; drug delivery ; application ; biomedical imaging ; correlative microscopy ; 3D CLEM ; volume imaging ; NIR-triggered ; photothermal agent ; deep tissue ; upconversion nanoparticles ; silica-coated UCNPs ; bio-imaging ; bio-application ; gold nanoparticles ; spiky nanoparticles ; phototheranostics ; colon cancer cells ; NIR triggering ; gold nanoparticle ; nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy ; MR-guided radiotherapy ; DNA damage ; Monte Carlo simulation ; dose enhancement ; magnetic field ; phototherapy ; photodynamic therapy ; Co-Fe ferrite nanoparticles ; magnetic hyperthermia ; specific loss power ; optimization ; alternative therapy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 26
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Most papers published in this Special Issue of Mathematics are written by the participants of the XXXVI International Seminar on Stability Problems for Stochastic Models, 21­25 June, 2021, Petrozavodsk, Russia. The scope of the seminar embraces the following topics: Limit theorems and stability problems; Asymptotic theory of stochastic processes; Stable distributions and processes; Asymptotic statistics; Discrete probability models; Characterization of probability distributions; Insurance and financial mathematics; Applied statistics; Queueing theory; and other fields. This Special Issue contains 12 papers by specialists who represent 6 countries: Belarus, France, Hungary, India, Italy, and Russia.
    Keywords: inhomogeneous continuous-time Markov chain ; weak ergodicity ; rate of convergence ; sharp bounds ; differential inequalities ; forward Kolmogorov system ; prefetching ; optimization ; Markov decision processes ; random trees ; Galton–Watson ; capacitance ; dirichlet boundary value problem ; monte carlo method ; unbiased estimator ; von-neumann-ulam scheme ; network evolution ; random graph ; multi-type branching process ; continuous-time branching process ; 2- and 3-interactions ; Malthusian parameter ; Poisson process ; life-length ; extinction ; queuing system ; elastic traffic ; inpatient claim ; non-stationary intensity ; convergence analysis ; bounds on the rate of convergence ; wireless network ; file transfer ; daily traffic profile ; blocking probability ; continuous-time ehrenfest model ; first-passage time densities ; proportional intensity functions ; asymptotic behaviors ; multi-server queueing model ; rating ; self-sufficient servers ; self-checkout ; assistants ; multi-dimensional Markov chains ; retrial queue ; negative customers ; resource heterogeneous queue ; asymptotic analysis ; discrete time functional filter ; optimal unbiased estimation ; steady state ; equilibrium arrivals ; one-server queueing system ; orbit ; retrials ; limit theorem ; sum of independent random variables ; random sum ; asymptotic expansion ; asymptotic deficiency ; kurtosis ; parameter estimation ; gamma-exponential distribution ; mixed distributions ; generalized gamma distribution ; generalized beta distribution ; method of moments ; cumulants ; asymptotic normality ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability & statistics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: The development of modern numerical methods has led to significant advances in the field of fatigue and fracture, which are pivotal issues in structural integrity. Because of the permanent tendency to shorten time-to-market periods and the development cost, the use of the finite element method, extended finite element method, peridynamics, or meshless methods, among others, has represented a viable alternative to experimental methods. This Special Issue aims to focus on the new trends in computational methods to address fatigue and fracture problems. Research on innovative and successful industrial applications as well as on nonconventional numerical approaches is also addressed.
    Keywords: finite element method ; Taguchi method ; tooth surface contact stress ; tooth profile deviations ; meshing errors ; lead crowning modifications ; critical load ; fracture ; tubular cantilever beam ; U-notch ; theory of critical distances ; LEFM ; mesh density ; mixed mode stress intensity factors ; fatigue crack growth ; FEM ; fatigue failure ; design flaws ; mechanical system ; parametric ALT ; hinge kit system ; XFEM ; ANSYS mechanical ; smart crack growth ; stress intensity factors ; fatigue life prediction ; gears ; Single Tooth Bending Fatigue ; STBF ; Finite Element Model ; material characterization ; multiaxial fatigue ; critical plane ; metal casting ; mold design ; simulation ; optimization ; fatigue life ; reliability ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book focuses on the design of polymeric delivery systems for biomedical and nanomedicine applications as well as on understanding how such biomaterials interact in the physiological environment. The reader will find an encompassing view on the state-of-the-art of polymeric carriers, showing how current research deals with new stimuli-responsive systems for cancer therapies and biomedical challenges, namely overcoming the skin barrier. The published papers cover topics ranging from novel production methods and insights on hybrid polymers to applications as diverse as nanoparticles, hydrogels and microneedles for antifungal skin therapy, peptide and siRNA delivery, enhanced skin absorption of bioactive molecules, and anticancer therapy. The book comprises one review paper and nine research papers.
    Keywords: osteoarthritis ; monosodium iodoacetate ; p47phox ; PLGA nanoparticles ; reactive oxygen species ; full factorial design ; optimization ; metronidazole ; nanocomposites ; sodium alginate ; chitosan ; PLGA ; hybrid polymers ; chitosan-PLGA polymer ; NMR ; DSC ; FT-IR ; covalent drug conjugation ; therapeutic nanodevice ; polymeric nanoparticles ; cancer therapy ; controlled drug delivery ; redox responsive PEG-block-PLA ; nanocarriers ; disulfide bond ; controlled release ; retinol ; nanosponge ; hydrogel ; Box–Behnken design ; pharmacokinetic ; terbinafine hydrogel ; niacinamide ; polyethene glycol (PEG) 400 ; solvent ; dermal delivery ; finite dose ; porcine skin ; dissolving microneedles ; multiple sclerosis ; PLP ; transdermal delivery ; tyrosol ; nanoparticles ; Design of Experiment (DoE) ; β cyclodextrin ; DNA binding ; glyconanoparticles ; immunotherapy ; infectious diseases ; mannose receptors ; nutraceuticals ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Marine power systems have been designed to be a safer alternative to stationary plants in order to adhere to the regulations of classification societies. Marine steam boilers recently achieved 10 MPa pressure, in comparison to stationary plants, where a typical boiler pressure of 17 MPa was the standard for years. The latest land-based, ultra-supercritical steam boilers reach 25 MPa pressure and 620 °C temperatures, which increases plant efficiency and reduces fuel consumption. There is little chance that such a plant concept could be applied to ships. The reliability of marine power systems has to be higher due to the lack of available spare parts and services that are available for shore power systems. Some systems are still very expensive and are not able to be widely utilized for commercial merchant fleets such as COGAS, mainly due to the high cost of gas turbines. Submarine vehicles are also part of marine power systems, which have to be reliable and accurate in their operation due to their distant control centers. Materials that are used in marine environments are prone to faster corrosive wear, so special care also should be taken in this regard. The main aim of this Special Issue is to discuss the options and possibilities of utilizing energy in a more economical way, taking into account the reliability of such a system in operation.
    Keywords: atmospheric drain tank ; energy analysis ; exergy analysis ; optimization ; marine propulsion ; propulsion failure ; propulsion failure analysis ; mechanical failure ; LNG tanker ; combined cycle ; propulsion main engine ; marine diesel engine ; split injection ; fuel consumption ; NOx emissions ; exergy destruction ; exergy efficiency ; marine steam turbine ; MLP neural network ; turbine cylinders ; reliability ; fault tree analysis ; failure diagnosis ; diesel engine turbocharger ; maintenance ; underwater vehicle ; isolation ; flexible foundation ; vibration mitigation ; CODLAG ; data-driven modelling ; genetic programming ; decay state coefficients ; submarine cable ; hydraulic jet ; jet parameter ; operation efficiency ; trigeneration energy system ; cogeneration ; absorption cooling ; heating and cooling output ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This book is about JIDOKA, a Japanese management technique coined by Toyota that consists of imbuing machines with human intelligence. The purpose of this compilation of research articles is to show industrial leaders innovative cases of digitization of value creation processes that have allowed them to improve their performance in a sustainable way. This book shows several applications of JIDOKA in the quest towards an integration of human and AI within Industry 4.0 Cyber Physical Manufacturing Systems. From the use of artificial intelligence to advanced mathematical models or quantum computing, all paths are valid to advance in the process of human–machine integration.
    Keywords: healthy operator 4.0 ; human–cyber–physical system ; industrial internet of things ; industry 4.0 ; smart workplaces ; EEG sensors ; manufacturing systems ; shopfloor management ; machine learning ; deep learning ; reference architecture model ; interoperability ; digital twin ; distributed ledger technology ; GDPR ; RAMI 4.0 ; LASFA ; quantum computing ; strategic organizational design ; Industry 4.0 ; complex networks ; cyber-physical systems ; lean management systems ; quantum strategic organizational design ; quantum circuits ; quantum simulation ; JIDOKA ; Operator 4.0 ; process variability ; integration explaining variability ; quantum approximate optimization algorithm ; value–stream networks ; optimization ; maintenance interval ; maintenance model ; semi-Markov process ; right-censored data ; finite horizon ; maintenance cost ; Cyber-Physical Systems ; Lean Manufacturing ; Directed Acyclic Graphs ; scikit-learn ; pipegraph ; machine learning models ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This Special Issue, entitled "Women in Artificial Intelligence" includes 17 papers from leading women scientists. The papers cover a broad scope of research areas within Artificial Intelligence, including machine learning, perception, reasoning or planning, among others. The papers have applications to relevant fields, such as human health, finance, or education. It is worth noting that the Issue includes three papers that deal with different aspects of gender bias in Artificial Intelligence. All the papers have a woman as the first author. We can proudly say that these women are from countries worldwide, such as France, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Australia, Bangladesh, Yemen, Romania, India, Cuba, Bangladesh and Spain. In conclusion, apart from its intrinsic scientific value as a Special Issue, combining interesting research works, this Special Issue intends to increase the invisibility of women in AI, showing where they are, what they do, and how they contribute to developments in Artificial Intelligence from their different places, positions, research branches and application fields. We planned to issue this book on the on Ada Lovelace Day (11/10/2022), a date internationally dedicated to the first computer programmer, a woman who had to fight the gender difficulties of her times, in the XIX century. We also thank the publisher for making this possible, thus allowing for this book to become a part of the international activities dedicated to celebrating the value of women in ICT all over the world. With this book, we want to pay homage to all the women that contributed over the years to the field of AI.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; computer-aided diagnosis ; computed tomography ; lung cancer ; deep learning ; lung nodule detection ; lung nodule segmentation ; convolutional neural network ; cellular automaton ; reconstruction ; complexity ; optimization ; high energy physics ; Reddit ; user-based model ; polarization ; local search optimization ; hate speech ; hate spread ; countermeasures ; social networks ; opinion diffusion ; education ; deferring hate content ; cyber activism ; classical Arabic ; short vowels ; audio dataset ; convolutional neural networks ; regularization ; machine learning ; segmentation ; clustering ; forecasting ; book copies ; publishing industry ; gamification ; adaptive gamification ; player types ; computational finance ; fuzzy logic ; membership function ; Type-1 fuzzy sets ; T1FLS ; Type-2 fuzzy sets ; T2FLS ; women ; research ; CURE ; hierarchical clustering ; cluster validity indices ; Calinski–Harabasz index ; bootstrapping ; Industry 4.0 ; 3D printing ; cognitive states ; mental workload ; EEG analysis ; neural networks ; multimodal data fusion ; peer assessment ; multiagent system ; probabilistic model ; comparative analysis ; Bayesian network ; Artificial Intelligence ; urban water cycle ; hydrosocial urban cycle ; urban political ecology ; gender gap ; equity ; explainable AI ; fuzzy rules ; dominance-based rough set approach ; diabetic retinopathy ; AI ; disease surveillance ; pandemics ; global public health ; ethics ; data ; missing datasets ; data-driven studies ; women in artificial intelligence ; women in data science ; women in STEM ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book includes an editorial and 12 research papers on micromixers collected from the Special Issue published in Micromachines. The topics of the papers are focused on the design of micromixers, their fabrication, and their analysis. Some of them proposed novel micromixer designs. Most of them deal with passive micromixers, but two papers report studies on electrokinetic micromixers. Fully three-dimensional (3D) micromixers were investigated in some cases. One of the papers applied optimization techniques to the design of a 3D micromixer. A review paper is also included and reports a review of recently developed passive micromixers and a comparative analysis of 10 typical micromixers.
    Keywords: passive micromixers ; comparative analysis ; Navier-Stokes equations ; mixing index ; pressure drop ; mixing cost ; micromachining ; micro EDM milling ; empirical modelling ; micromixer ; design for manufacturing ; computational fluid dynamics ; micromixers ; acoustic micromixers ; active micromixers ; electromagnetic micromixers ; voice-coil mixers ; mixers ; anti-reciprocity ; electrical impedance ; mechanical velocity ; gyrator ; electro-mechanical systems ; micro heat exchanger ; vortex shedding ; thermal mixing ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; thermal engineering ; three-dimensional (3D) printing ; micronozzles ; Y-shaped structure ; mixing efficiency ; histogram and standard deviation ; split-and-recombine ; additive manufacturing ; surface metrology ; asymmetric split-and-recombine (ASAR) ; stereolithography ; surface roughness ; soft tooling ; centrifugal microfluidics ; U-shaped channel ; Coriolis force ; flow visualization ; microfluidics ; T-shaped micromixer ; vortex ; obstacles ; engulfment flow ; particle tracking ; electrokinetic vortices ; T-type microchannel ; zeta potential ratio ; length ratio ; Navier–Stokes equations ; optimization ; RBNN ; TLCCM configuration ; mixing rate ; kinematics ; deformation ; vorticity ; stretching ; folding ; diffusive mixing ; passive mixing ; fluid overlapping ; sequential injection ; segmentation ; concentric flow ; CFD ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This Special Issue will include papers related to the planning, protection, and control of smart grids and microgrids, and their applications in the industry, transportation, water, waste, and urban and residential infrastructures. Authors are encouraged to present their latest research; reviews on topics including methods, approaches, systems, and technology; and interfaces to other domains such as big data, cybersecurity, human–machine, sustainability, and smart cities. The planning side of microgrids might include technology selection, scheduling, interconnected microgrids, and their integration with regional energy infrastructures. The protection side of microgrids might include topics related to protection strategies, risk management, protection technologies, abnormal scenario assessments, equipment and system protection layers, fault diagnosis, validation and verification, and intelligent safety systems. The control side of smart grids and microgrids might include control strategies, intelligent control algorithms and systems, control architectures, technologies, embedded systems, monitoring, and deployment and implementation.
    Keywords: hybrid power plant ; off-grid electricity systems ; model-based design ; state-space model ; voltage stability ; frequency stability ; small-signal analysis ; control tuning ; controller validation ; critical clearing times ; diesel generators ; grid-feeding photovoltaics ; grid-forming battery storage systems ; stand-alone hybrid microgrids ; system stability degree ; the micro-hybrid method ; transient stability assessment ; power flow control ; power fluctuations ; renewable energy sources ; demand uncertainty ; augmenting path ; renewable energy ; microgrids ; simulation ; optimization ; battery energy storage system ; economic dispatch problem ; nonlinear programming formulation ; optimal reallocation of batteries ; mathematical optimization ; battery swap station ; charging station ; demand management ; demand response ; electric vehicle ; electricity markets ; power quality ; Vehicle-to-Grid ; smart grid ; power system ; distributed generation ; micro-grid ; load flow ; measurement uncertainties ; Isolated/Islanded Microgrids ; planning ; operation ; Demand-Side Management ; Microgrid ; DER ; MILP ; run-time ; full time-series optimization ; data reduction ; DER-CAM ; XENDEE ; DC microgrid ; power conditioner system ; scalable microgrid ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This reprint focuses on experiments, modellings, and simulations of heat transfer and fluid flow. Flowing media comprise single- or two-phase fluids that can be both compressible and incompressible. The reprint presents unique experiments and solutions to problems of scientific and industrial relevance in the transportation of natural resources, technical devices, industrial processes, etc. In the presented works, the formulated physical and mathematical models together with their boundary and initial conditions and numerical computation methods for constitutive equations lead to solutions for selected examples in engineering.
    Keywords: hydraulic transients ; water hammer ; viscoelasticity ; cross-section change ; fluidic oscillator ; bending angle ; frequency ; pressure drop ; peak velocity ratio ; aerodynamic analyses ; unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations ; natural convection ; van der Waals gas ; analytical solution ; heat transfer in non-Newtonian slurry ; damping of turbulence ; Nusselt number for slurry ; heat pipe heat exchanger ; wickless heat pipe ; heat transfer ; individually finned tubes ; heat transfer analysis ; non-contacting mechanical face seal ; variable order derivative integral transform ; ribbed channel ; large eddy simulation ; immersed boundary method ; conjugate heat transfer ; thermal conductivity ratio ; retarded strain ; cavitation ; unsteady friction ; method of characteristics ; vortex generator ; arrangement ; numerical simulation ; plate-fin and tube heat exchanger ; air-side Nusselt number ; different heat transfer coefficient in particular tube row ; mathematical simulation ; CFD simulation ; labyrinth seal ; leakage ; design method ; kinetic energy ; inverse problem ; steam turbines ; gas turbines ; fluid-flow machines ; electric vehicle ; battery thermal management system ; optimization ; lattice Boltzmann method ; hydrostatic transmission ; hydrostatic transmission start up ; hydraulic drive ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Construction is one of the main sectors that generates greenhouse gases. This industry consumes large amounts of raw materials, such as stone, timber, water, etc. Additionally, infrastructure should provide service over many years without safety problems. Therefore, their correct design, construction, maintenance, and dismantling are essential to reducing economic, environmental, and societal consequences. That is why promoting sustainable construction has recently become extremely important. To help address and resolve these types of questions, this book explores new ways of reducing the environmental impacts caused by the construction sector, as well promotes social progress and economic growth. The chapters collect the papers included in the “Sustainable Construction” Special Issue of the Sustainability journal. The papers cover a wide spectrum of issues related to the use of sustainable materials in construction, the optimization of designs based con sustainable indicators, the life-cycle assessment, the decision-making processes that integrate economic, social, and environmental aspects, and the promotion of durable materials that reduce future maintenance.
    Keywords: rheological properties ; self-sensing ; piezo-resistivity ; graphene nanoplatelets ; structural health monitoring ; urban regeneration ; sustainable construction ; environmental effects ; surface urban heat island ; albedo ; sustainable concrete ; fly ash ; ultra fine fly ash ; sulphuric acid ; nitric acid ; exterior wall painting ; automation robot ; life cycle cost ; performance evaluation ; sustainable business strategies ; competitive advantage ; corporate sustainability ; bio-inspiration ; sustainability assessment ; function ; resource ; burden ; Design for sustainability ; life cycle thinking ; bio-flexi ; apartment housing ; construction process ; CO2 emissions ; high-speed railway (HSR) ; sustainable development ; unascertained measure ; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) ; Harbin-Dalian Passenger Dedicated Line (PDL) ; rebar corrosion ; cracked RC material ; aggressive environment ; durability ; electrochemical test methods ; SDGs ; construction ; supply networks ; sustainability ; FSC ; modern slavery ; bridges ; life-cycle assessment ; optimization ; ReCiPe ; Life Cycle Assessment ; Social Life Cycle Analysis ; reinforced concrete ; chloride corrosion ; preventive measures ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The goal of this Special Issue is to discuss new challenges in the simulation and management problems of both traditional and innovative bike-sharing systems, to ultimately encourage the competitiveness and attractiveness of BSSs, and contribute to the further promotion of sustainable mobility. We have selected thirteen papers for publication in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: bike sharing ; rebalancing ; clustering ; optimization ; sustainability ; bike-sharing ; public bicycles ; shared use mobility ; cycling ; sustainable transport ; Free-Floating Bike-sharing Systems ; causes of disorderly parking ; factor analysis ; sustainable mode of transportation ; bike-sharing system ; public bicycle ; complex network ; network structure ; e-bike sharing ; transport sustainability ; mobile depot ; cruise tourism ; ordered probit model ; bikeway network design ; selective nodes ; elimination heuristic ; demand coverage ; bike share ; cycling safety ; night-time visibility ; cognitive difference between cyclists and drivers ; free-floating bike-sharing system ; influence factor ; social-psychological variables ; intention ; use frequency ; post-sharing era ; bikesharing ; brand choice ; conditional Logit model ; sustainable development ; public bike sharing ; cluster analysis ; categorization ; data collection ; sharing economy ; stated preference ; discrete choice models ; bike-sharing rebalancing problem ; multi-energy mixed fleets ; traffic restrictions ; simulated annealing ; variable neighborhood structures ; BSS station efficiency ; data envelopment analysis ; spatial analysis in transport ; bike-sharing station ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: This book is a collection of the accepted papers presented at the Workshop on Artificial Intelligence with Biased or Scarce Data (AIBSD) in conjunction with the 36th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 2022. During AIBSD 2022, the attendees addressed the existing issues of data bias and scarcity in Artificial Intelligence and discussed potential solutions in real-world scenarios. A set of papers presented at AIBSD 2022 is selected for further publication and included in this book.
    Keywords: out-of-distribution generalization ; forecasting ; temporal bias ; permutation equivariance ; optimization ; face-recognition models ; facial attributes ; social bias ; fairness ; natural language processing ; gender bias ; bias detection ; contextualized embeddings ; deep learning ; contrastive learning ; supervised contrastive learning ; transfer learning ; robustness ; noisy labels ; coresets ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The world population is expected to reach almost 10,000 million in 2050, so, it is necessary to use our resources efficiently: to produce more food using less land and pollute less, to optimize the production and use of biomass from diversified resources. For this, new approaches and processes, with special emphasis from a biotechnological perspective, may need to be implemented to move towards a circular model that will confer environmental sustainability. In this book, the analysis and optimization of some examples of food and bioproduct processes, as well as development of innovative and emerging food and byproducts processing methods, are considered. Valorization, bioprocessing, and biorefining of food-industry-based streams, the role of industrial microorganisms, the isolation of high added-value compounds, applications of the resulting bio-based chemicals in food manufacturing, novel food formulations, among others, are addressed.
    Keywords: vinegar ; wine ; acetification ; bioprocesses ; experimental design ; polynomial modelling ; black-box models ; eggplant ; anthocyanins ; natural colorants ; bioactivity ; wheat ; germ ; wheat byproducts ; agglutinin ; WGA ; toxicity ; glycosylation ; N-Acetylglucosamine ; GlcNAc ; carbohydrate ; bioreactor systems ; optimization ; kombucha tea ; microbial diversity ; bacterial cellulose ; Komagataeibacter xylinus ; repetitive elements sequence-based rep-PCR ; typing ; basil ; design of experiments ; valorization strategies ; chicken breast fillets ; color ; cooking loss ; cooking temperature ; cooking time ; microbiological safety ; shear force ; sous vide cooking ; TBARS ; sourdough ; yeasts ; lactic acid bacteria ; bioactive compounds ; exopolysaccharides ; antifungal activity ; pectinase immobilization ; nylon 6/6 carrier ; pectinolytic activity ; reusability ; stability ; lactic fermentation ; functional beverages ; volatile compounds ; antioxidant activity ; jackfruit ; jackfruit processing ; by-products ; extraction methods ; phenolic compounds ; pectin ; emerging technologies ; innovative technologies ; functional ingredients ; olive oil extraction ; microbial consortium ; phenols ; functional foods ; compostable bioplastics ; coatings ; contact angle ; grease resistance ; paper ; WVTR ; LED ; foams ; cellulose ; natural fibers ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; sparkling wine ; protein ; interact omics ; amino acid metabolism ; yeast ; GO terms ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Construction is one of the main sectors that generates greenhouse gases. This industry consumes large amounts of raw materials, such as stone, timber, water, etc. Additionally, infrastructure should provide service over many years without safety problems. Therefore, their correct design, construction, maintenance, and dismantling are essential to reducing economic, environmental, and societal consequences. That is why promoting sustainable construction has recently become extremely important. To help address and resolve these types of questions, this book explores new ways of reducing the environmental impacts caused by the construction sector, as well promotes social progress and economic growth. The chapters collect the papers included in the “Sustainable Construction II” Special Issue of the Sustainability journal. The papers cover a wide spectrum of issues related to the use of sustainable materials in construction, the optimization of designs based con sustainable indicators, the life-cycle assessment, the decision-making processes that integrate economic, social, and environmental aspects, and the promotion of durable materials that reduce future maintenance
    Keywords: vertical extension method ; underground ; existing building ; economic impact ; CO2 emission ; earth-retaining walls ; optimization ; black hole ; min–max discretization ; Sustainable construction ; environmental impact and traffic disruptions ; self-anchored suspension bridge ; design-oriented analytical approach ; concrete structure ; environmental zonation ; concrete durability ; fuzzy set ; rough set ; sustainability ; LCA ; S-LCA ; social assessment ; ecoinvent ; SOCA ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: The climate changes that are becoming visible today are a challenge for the global research community. In this context, renewable energy sources, fuel cell systems and other energy generating sources must be optimally combined and connected to the grid system using advanced energy transaction methods. As this reprint presents the latest solutions in the implementation of fuel cell and renewable energy in mobile and stationary applications such as hybrid and microgrid power systems based on the Energy Internet, blockchain technology and smart contracts, we hope that they will be of interest to readers working in the related fields mentioned above.
    Keywords: constant power load ; microgrid ; dynamic stability ; optimization ; PLL ; power-sharing control ; solid oxide fuel cell ; parameter identification ; backstepping control ; event-triggered control ; Lyapunov stability theorem ; networked control system ; nonlinear system ; autonomous driving vehicles ; vehicular communication ; intelligent driver model ; data-driven control model ; 3PL logistics ; decision making ; ARAS ; entropy ; CRITIC ; maximum power point tracking ; photovoltaic system ; partial shading conditions ; surface-based polynomial fitting ; Differential Evolution ; metaheuristic algorithms ; DC–DC converter ; islanding detection ; local islanding ; remote islanding ; signal processing ; hybrid microgrids ; renewable energies ; energy management ; electricity system ; vibration control ; dynamic vibration absorbers ; aerial vehicles ; quadrotor ; motion tracking control ; autonomous power system ; generating power consumer ; hydroelectric power plant ; optimal power consumption ; wind power plant ; solar photovoltaic power plant ; energy storage ; microgrids ; university campus ; battery energy storage ; renewable energy ; simulation ; optimal behavioral modeling ; automotive ; low-dropout linear voltage regulator ; power supply rejection ratio ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Induction machines are one of the most important technical applications for both the industrial world and private use. Since their invention (achievements of Galileo Ferraris, Nikola Tesla, and Michal Doliwo-Dobrowolski), they have been widely used in different electrical drives and as generators, thanks to their features such as reliability, durability, low price, high efficiency, and resistance to failure. The methods for designing and using induction machines are similar to the methods used in other electric machines but have their own specificity. Many issues discussed here are based on the fundamental achievements of authors such as Nasar, Boldea, Yamamura, Tegopoulos, and Kriezis, who laid the foundations for the development of induction machines, which are still relevant today. The control algorithms are based on the achievements of Blaschke (field vector-oriented control) and Depenbrock or Takahashi (direct torque control), who created standards for the control of induction machines. Today’s induction machines must meet very stringent requirements of reliability, high efficiency, and performance. Thanks to the application of highly efficient numerical algorithms, it is possible to design induction machines faster and at a lower cost. At the same time, progress in materials science and technology enables the development of new machine topologies. The main objective of this book is to contribute to the development of induction machines in all areas of their applications.
    Keywords: LIM ; slip frequency ; linear induction motor ; automatic train operation ; rotor field-oriented angle error ; indirect rotor field-oriented control ; induction machine drives ; model-based prediction ; linear induction motors ; finite element analysis ; end effect ; induction machines ; electrical machines ; thermal modeling ; soft magnetic material ; thermal conductivity ; induction motor ; solid rotor ; effective parameters ; finite element method ; modelling of ring induction motors ; Monte Carlo method ; accurate modelling ; induction machine ; electromagnetic models ; model selection ; optimization ; artificial neural networks ; pattern search ; evolutionary strategy ; simulated annealing ; artificial neural network ; fourth central moment ; homogeneity analysis ; induction motors ; mechanical unbalance ; one broken rotor bar ; outer-race bearing fault ; startup transient current ; two broken rotor bars ; three-phase induction motor ; squirrel-cage rotor ; energy efficiency ; motor performance ; n/a ; dynamic model ; Matlab/Simulink ; rotor winding ; stator winding ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The Life cycle cost (LCC) method makes it possible for the whole life performance of buildings and other structures to be optimized. The introduction of the idea of thinking in terms of a building life cycle resulted in the need to use appropriate tools and techniques for assessing and analyzing costs throughout the life cycle of the building. Traditionally, estimates of LCC have been calculated based on historical analysis of data and have used deterministic models. The concepts of probability theory can also be applied to life cycle costing, treating the costs and timings as a stochastic process. If any subjectivity is introduced into the estimates, then the uncertainty cannot be handled using the probability theory alone. The theory of fuzzy sets is a valuable tool for handling such uncertainties. In this Special Issue, a collection of 11 contributions provide an updated overview of the approaches for estimating the life cycle cost of buildings.
    Keywords: dynamic analysis ; steel frames ; Tuned Mass Damper ; optimization ; drift ratio ; sustainable construction industry ; lifecycles ; European Union Member States ; complex evaluation ; multiple criteria analysis ; COPRAS and INVAR methods ; success and image of a country ; marketing ; residential buildings ; defects ; intensity ; reliability ; technical wear ; railway infrastructure ; occurrences ; socioeconomic impact ; economic evaluation ; CBA ; life cycle ; investment project ; probability distribution ; sensitivity analyses ; risk assessment ; tenement houses ; damage ; maintenance ; fuzzy sets ; Bayes conditional probability ; substitution ; operation and maintenance phase ; cause–effect relationships ; historical buildings ; implementation factors ; information and communication technology ; life cycle costs ; buildings ; bidding decision ; LCC criterion ; price criterion ; construction ; statistical method ; classification ; probability of winning ; risk identification ; MCDM ; critical risk factors ; commercial and recreational complex building projects ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 43
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Additive manufacturing technology offers the ability to produce personalized products with lower development costs, shorter lead times, less energy consumed during manufacturing and less material waste. It can be used to manufacture complex parts and enables manufacturers to reduce their inventory, make products on-demand, create smaller and localized manufacturing environments, and even reduce supply chains. Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as fabricating three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) components, refers to processes that allow for the direct fabrication of physical products from computer-aided design (CAD) models through the repetitious deposition of material layers. Compared with traditional manufacturing processes, AM allows the production of customized parts from bio- and synthetic polymers without the need for molds or machining typical for conventional formative and subtractive fabrication.In this Special Issue, we aimed to capture the cutting-edge state-of-the-art research pertaining to advancing the additive manufacturing of polymeric materials. The topic themes include advanced polymeric material development, processing parameter optimization, characterization techniques, structure–property relationships, process modelling, etc., specifically for AM.
    Keywords: polylactic acid (PLA) ; natural fibres ; biocomposite ; mechanical properties ; thermoplastic starch ; biopolymer ; composite ; food packaging ; pitch ; polyethylene ; carbon fibres ; extrusion ; blend ; antimicrobial ; antibacterial ; 3D printing ; fused filament fabrication ; composite material ; fused-filament fabrication ; mechanical strength ; naked mole-rat algorithm ; optimization ; process parameters ; bio-based polyethylene composite ; X-ray tomography ; CNT ; MWCNT ; non-covalent functionalisation ; polythiophene ; P3HT ; reaction time ; natural fiber composite ; product design ; sustainability design ; design process ; epoxidized jatropha oil ; shape memory polymer ; bio-based polymer ; jatropha oil ; ABS ; fatigue ; thermo-mechanical loads ; building orientation ; nozzle size ; layer thickness ; drug delivery ; biodegradable polymers ; polymeric scaffolds ; natural bioactive polymers ; antimicrobial properties ; anticancer activity ; tissue engineering ; lattice material ; flexible TPU ; internal architecture ; minimum ignition temperature of dispersed dust ; dust explosion ; dust cloud ; polyamide 12 ; additive technologies ; kenaf fibre ; fibre treatment ; thermal properties ; Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) ; silver nanopowder ; kenaf ; high-density polyethylene ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 44
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The galactic cosmic–ray spectrum extends over 14 orders of magnitudes in energy and about 12 orders of magnitude in intensity, and it can be studied using two different methods: via the “direct detection” of the primary cosmic rays in space or at high altitude and via the “indirect detection” of secondary particles, namely the extensive air showers produced by a primary cosmic–ray particle impinging the atmosphere. In this Special Issue, both direct and indirect measurements are presented via from various experiments. Emphasis is placed on low-energy electrons and protons that are detected in flight as well as during geomagnetic storms. As for indirect detection, the muon flux determination and modulation at ground level are described in great detail. Some of the most interesting results are hereby presented, and a couple of new techniques in cosmic–ray detection are reported.
    Keywords: cosmic rays ; Extensive Air Showers ; particle detectors ; Cosmic Ray Ensembles ; ionosphere ; ELF/VLF waves ; energetic electron precipitations ; storm-time feature ; CSES ; trapped particles ; South Atlantic Anomaly ; AE9/AP9/SPM models ; radiation belts ; Poisson data ; time series ; quasi-Gaussian filter ; digital filtering ; optimization ; global minimization ; annealing simulation algorithm ; space weather ; geomagnetic storms ; LEO satellites ; digital gamma-rays spectrometer ; cosmic veto ; active shield ; muons ; muon flux periodicity ; atmospheric neutrons ; radiation dose ; passengers and flight crew ; ultrathin calorimeter ; direct measurements ; energy reconstruction ; PAMELA ; shower development universality ; cosmic ray physics ; multi-messenger astrophysics ; extensive air showers ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 45
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Fermented foods are consumed all over the world and their consumption shows an increasing trend. They play many roles, from preservation to food security, improved nutrition and social well-being. Different microorganisms are involved in the fermentation process and the diversity of the microbiome is high.Fermented foods are food substrates that are invaded or overgrown by edible microorganisms whose enzymes hydrolyze polysaccharides, proteins and lipids to nontoxic products with flavors, aromas, and textures that are pleasant and attractive to the human consumer. Fermentation plays different roles in food processing, including the development of a wide diversity of flavors, aromas, and textures in food, lactic acid, alcoholic, acetic acid, alkaline and high salt fermentations for food preservation purposes, biological enrichment of food substrates with vitamins, protein, essential amino acids, and essential fatty acids and detoxification during food fermentation processing.
    Keywords: fermented foods ; nutritional guidelines ; legislation ; national food guides ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; biomass ; date extract ; optimization ; response surface methodology ; kinetic models ; antifungal ; bioprotection ; bread ; Lactobacillus plantarum ; phenyllactic acid ; Aspergillus ; Penicillium ; Fusarium ; sauerkraut ; microbiome ; fermentation ; probiotics ; high-throughput sequencing ; nutrition ; health benefits ; microbiology ; health ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 46
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: From small-scale vertical axis wind turbines for urban usage to large-scale horizontal axis wind turbines for offshore wind farms, design, fabrication, and optimization technologies are highly required to manage wind energy effectively. Moreover, some new opportunities, such as in wind farm design, fluid–structure interaction, aero-acoustics, fabrication methods and performance tests by experimental and computational fluid dynamics should be engaged in modern wind turbine communities. The basic objectives of this book include improving the reliability and promoting the high efficiency of wind turbines as well as their dynamic performance, reducing wind turbine-generated noise and improving power generation efficiencies through high-fidelity approaches. Students, scholars, and engineers who manage such a wide range of wind turbine scales and usages, design, fabrication, and performance test protocols for various wind turbines, are highly recommended to read this book.
    Keywords: wind energy centrifugal pump (WECP) ; factorial experiment design (FED) ; optimization ; high efficiency area ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; design optimization ; wind turbine blade ; blade geometry linearization ; tip speed ratio ; simulated annealing algorithm ; control scheme ; variable-speed pitch ; wind turbine (WT) ; zero-voltage ride through (ZVRT) ; low-voltage ride through (LVRT) ; overspeed protection control (OPC) ; furling ; limited-angle torque actuator ; stepper motor ; micro wind turbine ; finite element analysis ; RCS reduction ; wind turbines ; reshaping methods ; onshore wind farm ; flow analysis ; annual energy production ; dynamic wind turbine model ; yaw motion ; peak shaver ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 47
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: The present book contains nine articles that were accepted and published in the Special Issue “Modeling and Control of Energy Conversion during Underground Coal Gasification Process” of the MDPI Energies journal. This book focuses on the energy conversion processes in underground coal gasification (UCG), as well as on the modeling and control of this process. The articles published in this book can be divided into three thematic parts of research in the field of underground coal gasification technology: the first part is the impact of technology on the environment, the second is research (studies) on the coal areas and coal properties of UCG technology, and the third is the monitoring, modeling, and control processes within UCG. We hope that this book will be interesting and useful for workers and researchers in the field of underground coal gasification technology, as well as for those who are interested in the mathematical modeling and control of this process.
    Keywords: low-carbon energy ; UCG technology ; grouting ; solidification soil ; soil air ; statistic model ; soil contamination ; atmospheric geochemical survey ; environmental burden ; underground coal gasification (UCG) ; optimization ; syngas ; calorific value ; optimal control ; operating variables ; control algorithm ; coal gasification ; rocks ; coal seam ; material balance ; heat balance ; tightness ; gas ; underground coal gasification ; georeactor ; char ; melted waste rock ; gas permeability ; tortuosity ; porosity ; measurement ; temperature ; regression ; model ; analyses ; cavity ; lignite ; UCG ; ex situ tests ; high temperature ; strength and structural parameters of rocks after heating ; destruction zone around gasified channel ; SNG ; UCG wastewater ; environmental impact assessment ; correlation analysis ; effluents ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 48
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book aims to summarize the latest achievements in the development and manufacturing of modern biomaterials used in modern medicine and dentistry, for example, in cases where, as a result of a traffic or sports accident, aging, resection of organs after oncological surgery, or dangerous inflammation, there is a need to replace lost organs, tissues, and parts of the human body. The essence of biomedical materials is their constant contact with living tissues, organisms, or microorganisms and, therefore, they should meet numerous requirements from various fields, including medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue engineering, and materials science. For this reason, biomaterials must be compatible with the organism, and biocompatibility issues must be addressed before using the product in a clinical setting. The production and synthesis of biomaterials require the use of various technologies and methods to obtain the appropriate material, which is then processed using advanced material processing technologies. Often, however, it is necessary to directly manufacture a specific product with individualized geometric features and properties tailored to the requirements of a particular patient. In such cases, additive manufacturing methods are increasingly used. In this sense, it can be considered that the Biomaterials 4.0 stage has been reached, and detailed information is included in the individual chapters of this book on the achievements in the development and manufacturing of modern biomaterials used in modern regenerative medicine, regenerative dentistry, and tissue engineering.
    Keywords: sol-gel phase transitions ; injectable scaffolds ; chitosan ; calcium β-glycerophosphate ; rheology ; bone tissue engineering ; diblock copolymers ; drug delivery systems ; nanoparticles ; nanoprecipitation ; self-assembly ; implant ; stainless steel ; nickel ; leaching ; nitrogen ; cytotoxicity ; nanodendrites ; nanostar ; fibroblast cells ; gelatin ; one-pot synthesis ; hollow mesoporous silica ; porous silica ; high drug loading capacity ; drug delivery system ; fretting ; fretting wear ; Ni-Cr-Mo ; dental alloys ; titaniumcarbonitride ; Ti(C, N) coating ; thin films ; zirconium carbide ; antimicrobial properties ; medical implants ; 316L stainless steel ; sintering ; surface nitriding ; nitrogen absorption ; response surface methodology ; sodium alginate ; hydrogel material ; regenerative medicine ; urethra ; hybrid materials ; hydroxyapatite ; FEA ; V-shaped tooth defects ; fillings ; glass-ionomer cement ; flowable composite ; stomatognathic system ; prosthetic restorations ; surgical guide ; dental prosthesis restoration manufacturing center ; CBCT tomography ; dental implants ; implant-scaffolds ; hybrid multilayer biological-engineering composites biomaterials ; CAD/CAM methods ; additive manufacturing technologies ; selective laser sintering ; stereolithography ; Dentistry 4.0 ; Industry 4.0 ; robocasting ; bioactive glass ; scaffold ; sol–gel ; 45S5 Bioglass® ; biomaterials ; biomedical implants ; additive manufacturing ; dental prosthetic restorations ; Ti6Al4V dental alloy ; structural X-ray analysis ; energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope ; metallography ; tensile and bending strength ; corrosion resistance ; tribological tests ; in-vitro tests ; industry 4.0 ; dentistry 4.0 ; SARS-CoV-2 pandemic ; SPEC strategy ; elimination clinical aerosol at the source ; dendrological matrix ; photopolymer materials ; additive digital light printing ; dentistry sustainable development ; dental prophylaxis ; dental interventionistic treatment ; caries ; periodontology ; toothlessness ; endodontics ; dental implantology ; dental prosthetics ; dentist safety ; dentist ethics ; Co–Cr dental alloys ; corrosion ; porcelain firing ; SLM ; MSM ; CST ; light-cured composites ; photopolymerization process ; microhardness ; optimization ; regression analysis ; health ; well-being ; long and healthy life policy ; medicine ; dentistry ; medical ethics ; COVID-19 pandemic ; bioengineering ; medical engineering ; dental engineering ; biomedical materials ; Bioengineering 4.0 ; engineers’ ethics ; filling materials ; sealants ; obturation ; gutta-percha ; Resilon ; procedural benchmarking ; comparative matrices ; virtual approach ; digital twin ; scanning electron microscopy ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 49
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Complex networks are one of the most challenging research focuses of disciplines, including physics, mathematics, biology, medicine, engineering, and computer science, among others. The interest in complex networks is increasingly growing, due to their ability to model several daily life systems, such as technology networks, the Internet, and communication, chemical, neural, social, political and financial networks. The Special Issue “Computation in Complex Networks" of Entropy offers a multidisciplinary view on how some complex systems behave, providing a collection of original and high-quality papers within the research fields of: • Community detection • Complex network modelling • Complex network analysis • Node classification • Information spreading and control • Network robustness • Social networks • Network medicine
    Keywords: city interaction network ; evolution model ; preferential attachment ; WeChat ; maximum likelihood ; chimera states ; coupled map lattice ; nilpotent matrix ; community detection ; membrane algorithm ; self-organizing map network ; complex networks ; optimization ; structural balance ; minimum memory based sign adjustment ; social networks ; NW network ; convergence ; complex system simulation ; cloud computing architecture ; service-oriented modeling ; semantic search framework ; QoS-based service selection ; cascading failures ; network topology ; null models ; SciSci ; knowledge evolution ; machine learning ; bridging centrality ; disjoint nodes ; disjunct nodes ; node similarity ; overlapping nodes ; Bayesian networks ; entropy ; socio-ecological system ; complex network ; chaotic time series ; Gaussian mixture model ; maximum mean discrepancy ; angiogenesis ; network properties ; variational inference ; graph neural network ; variational autoencoder ; network embedding ; online social networks ; social media ; information spreading ; information diffusion ; cross-entropy ; cross-domain recommendation ; sentiment analysis ; latent sentiment review feature ; non-linear mapping ; dissimilarity spaces ; support vector machines ; kernel methods ; computational biology ; systems biology ; protein contact networks ; data mining ; overlapping communities ; modularity ; literary works ; genre classification ; stylistic attributes ; lemmatization ; renormalisation process ; network growth ; inverse preferential attachment ; language networks ; language development ; multilayer complex networks ; stability ; spreading control ; graph neural networks ; node classification ; active learning ; graph representation learning ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 50
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Power network operators are rapidly incorporating wind power generation into their power grids to meet the widely accepted carbon neutrality targets and facilitate the transition from conventional fossil-fuel energy sources to clean and low-carbon renewable energy sources. Complex stability issues, such as frequency, voltage, and oscillatory instability, are frequently reported in the power grids of many countries and regions (e.g., Germany, Denmark, Ireland, and South Australia) due to the substantially increased wind power generation. Control techniques, such as virtual/emulated inertia and damping controls, could be developed to address these stability issues, and additional devices, such as energy storage systems, can also be deployed to mitigate the adverse impact of high wind power generation on various system stability problems. Moreover, other wind power integration aspects, such as capacity planning and the short- and long-term forecasting of wind power generation, also require careful attention to ensure grid security and reliability. This book includes fourteen novel research articles published in this Energies Special Issue on Wind Power Integration into Power Systems: Stability and Control Aspects, with topics ranging from stability and control to system capacity planning and forecasting.
    Keywords: DFIG ; ES ; virtual inertia control ; capacity allocation ; fuzzy logic controller ; wind power generation ; multi-model predictive control ; fuzzy clustering ; virtual synchronous generator ; doubly fed induction generator ; sub-synchronous resonance ; impedance modeling ; renewable energy sources (RESs) ; regional RoCoF ; model-based operational planning ; linear sensitivity-based method (LSM) ; cumulant-based method (CBM) ; collaborative capacity planning ; distributed wind power (DWP) ; energy storage system (ESS) ; optimization ; variable-structure copula ; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method ; wind turbine wake model ; 3D aerodynamic model ; turbulence model ; correction modules ; hybrid prediction model ; wavelet decomposition ; long short-term memory ; scenario analysis ; weak grids ; full-converter wind ; active power output ; control parameters ; subsynchronous oscillation ; eigenvalue analysis ; doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) ; wind generation ; frequency control ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; error following forget gate-based long short-term memory ; ultra-short-term prediction ; wind power ; load frequency control (LFC) ; wind farm ; particle swarm optimization ; kinetic energy ; inertial response ; low inertia ; the center of inertia ; frequency response metrics ; wind integration ; PSS/E ; FORTRAN ; electromechanical dynamics ; FCWG dynamics ; strong interaction ; electromechanical loop correlation ratio (ELCR) ; FCWG dynamic correlation ratio (FDCR) ; quasi- electromechanical loop correlation ratio (QELCR) ; permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) ; supercapacitor energy storage (SCES) ; rotor overspeed control ; low voltage ride through (LVRT) ; capacity configuration of SCES ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNB Energy industries & utilities
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  • 51
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: The clean energy transition is the transition from the use of nonrenewable energy sources to renewable sources and is part of the wider transition to sustainable economies through the use of renewable energy, the adoption of energy-saving measures, and sustainable development techniques. The clean energy transition is a long and complex process that will lead to an epochal change, and it will allow safeguarding the health of the environment in the long term. For its success, it necessitates contribution from everyone, from the individual citizen to large multinationals, passing through SMEs; national and international policies play a key role in paving the way to this process. This Special Issue is focused on technical, financial, and policy-related aspects linked to the transition of industrial and service sectors towards energy saving and decarbonization. These different aspects are interrelated and, as such, they have been analyzed with an interdisciplinary approach, for example, by combining economic and technical information. The collected papers focus on energy efficiency and clean-energy key technologies, renewable sources, energy management and monitoring systems, energy policies and regulations, and economic and financial aspects.
    Keywords: anomaly detection ; principal component analysis ; Monte Carlo simulation ; PV cell production line ; predictive maintenance ; energy audits (EAs) ; energy management systems ; energy performance improved actions (EPIAs) ; energy efficiency ; manufacturing industry ; tertiary sector ; EES systems ; greenhouse gas ; load leveling ; best-mix solution ; optimal operation algorithm ; optimization ; organic rankine cycle ; steam rankine cycle ; energy analysis ; economic analysis ; environmental analysis ; clean energy technologies ; European Green Deal ; fit for 55 ; patent family ; rarity index ; revealed technological advantages ; technological sovereignty ; energy performance indicators (EnPI) ; specific energy consumption (SEC) ; energy management ; industry ; cement ; energy transition ; energy-saving technologies ; foundry manufacturing plant ; Italian overview ; energy efficiency improvements ; waste heat recovery ; waste heat survey ; dairy industry ; oil refining ; refineries ; EnPIs ; health sector ; energy audit ; energy efficiency in economic sectors ; clean-energy technologies ; energy policies and regulations ; financial instruments ; decarbonisation ; renewable energy sources ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 52
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The celebrated information bottleneck (IB) principle of Tishby et al. has recently enjoyed renewed attention due to its application in the area of deep learning. This collection investigates the IB principle in this new context. The individual chapters in this collection: • provide novel insights into the functional properties of the IB; • discuss the IB principle (and its derivates) as an objective for training multi-layer machine learning structures such as neural networks and decision trees; and • offer a new perspective on neural network learning via the lens of the IB framework. Our collection thus contributes to a better understanding of the IB principle specifically for deep learning and, more generally, of information–theoretic cost functions in machine learning. This paves the way toward explainable artificial intelligence.
    Keywords: information theory ; variational inference ; machine learning ; learnability ; information bottleneck ; representation learning ; conspicuous subset ; stochastic neural networks ; mutual information ; neural networks ; information ; bottleneck ; compression ; classification ; optimization ; classifier ; decision tree ; ensemble ; deep neural networks ; regularization methods ; information bottleneck principle ; deep networks ; semi-supervised classification ; latent space representation ; hand crafted priors ; learnable priors ; regularization ; deep learning ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
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  • 53
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This book focuses on fundamental and applied research on polymer processing and its effect on the final surface as the optimization of polymer surface properties results in the unique applicability of these over other materials. The development and testing of the next generation of polymeric and composite materials is of particular interest. Special attention is given to polymer surface modification, external stimuli-responsive surfaces, coatings, adhesion, polymer and composites fatigue analysis, evaluation of the surface quality and microhardness, processing parameter optimization, characterization techniques, among others.
    Keywords: thermoplastic polyurethanes blends ; pressure sensitive adhesives ; viscoelastic properties ; adhesion properties ; tack ; creep ; cohesion properties ; nano-structure functional film ; magnetron sputtering ; cellulose insulation polymer ; space charge ; hydrophobicity ; zinc oxide ; polytetrafluoroethylene ; bromoisobutyryl esterification ; cornstarch ; synthesis process ; past stability ; adhesion ; film properties ; mullite ; whiskers ; nonaqueous precipitation method ; aluminum fluoride ; polar transformation ; screw ; aspect ratio ; carbon nanotube ; dispersion ; masterbatch ; nanocomposite ; polyamide ; polyamide 6 ; halloysite nanotube ; functionalizing agent ; in situ polymerization ; melt blending ; polymorphism ; hydrothermal ageing ; polymers ; octaglycidyl-POSS ; DGEBA ; dicyandiamide ; accelerators ; corrosion ; protective coatings ; infrared spectroscopy ; rheology ; poplar wood ; waterborne UV lacquer product ; wood modification ; contact angle ; spectroscopy ; super-hydrophobic coating ; elastic sensor ; carbon nanotubes ; wearable electronics ; monitoring of breathing ; strain sensor ; polymer composite ; CNTs ; construction composite ; friction resistance ; surface state ; low dielectric constant ; PI ; irradiation ; dielectric loss ; tin compounds ; valsartan ; poly(vinyl chloride) ; additives ; average molecular weight ; weight loss ; functional group index ; PET ; polymer ; plasma jet ; tilted application ; ROS distribution ; UV ; VUV ; epoxy ; Joule heating ; fast curing ; accelerated forming ; shape memory ; Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ; sound absorption ; 3D printing technology ; frequency ; thickness ; air gap ; polyvinyl alcohol ; cationic polyacrylamide ; polyvinyl chloride ; azodicarbonamide ; micro-structure ; diffusion plate ; micro injection molding ; grinding ; ethylene-octene-copolymer ; carbon fibers ; polyaniline ; polypyrrole ; thermoelectric composites ; surface coating ; dopamine hydrochloride ; graphene oxide ; surgical suture ; friction ; Poly(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile) (P(VDC-co-AN )) ; thermo-dynamic surface characterization ; surface free energy ; inverse gas chromatography ; visual traits ; computer vision and image processing ; basalt fiber ; epoxy composite ; glass transition temperature ; DMA ; TMA ; creep recovery ; stress-relaxation ; heterogeneous nucleation ; cell morphology ; injection molding foaming ; composite materials ; visualization ; gloss transition defect ; surface defect ; surface gloss ; shrinkage ; mold surface replication ; surface analysis ; injection molding ; polymer surface modification ; hydrophobic properties ; optimization ; mathematical modeling ; poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) ; conjugation ; N,N′-disuccinimidyl carbonate (DSC) ; immobilization ; surface modification ; ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene ; cellulose nanofiber ; bionanocomposite ; melt-blending ; ethanol mixing ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 54
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book includes 23 published papers on Special issues of "Image and Video Processing and Recognition Based on Artificial Intelligence" in the journal Sensors. The purpose of this Special Issue was to invite high-quality and state-of-the-art academic papers on challenging issues in the field of AI-based image and video processing and recognition.
    Keywords: emotion recognition ; brain computer interface ; bag of deep features ; continuous wavelet transform ; face image analysis ; deep learning ; face parsing ; facial attributes classification ; building extraction ; convolutional neural networks ; mask R-CNN ; high-resolution remote sensing image ; autoencoders ; semi-supervised learning ; computer vision ; pathology ; epidermis ; skin ; image processing ; generative models ; generative adversarial net ; depth map ; super-resolution ; guidance ; residual network ; channel interaction ; pose estimation ; body orientation ; multi-person ; multi-task ; surface defect detection ; active learning ; generative adversarial network ; presentation attack detection ; artificial image generation ; presentation attack face images ; ultrasound image ; malignant thyroid nodule ; artificial intelligence ; weighted binary cross-entropy loss ; infrared circumferential scanning system ; target recognition ; deep convolutional neural networks ; data augmentation ; transfer learning ; bounding box regression ; loss function ; medical image fusion ; convolutional neural network ; image pyramid ; multi-scale decomposition ; armature ; surface inspection ; action recognition ; social robotics ; common spatial patterns ; vehicle recognition ; multi resolution network ; optimization ; semantic segmentation ; global context ; local context ; fully convolutional networks ; image-to-image conversion ; image de-raining ; label to photos ; edges to photos ; generative adversarial network (GAN) ; remote sensing ; helicopter footage ; crowd counting ; multitask learning ; normalized cross-correlation ; Marr wavelets ; entropy and response ; graph matching ; RANSAC ; GC–LSTM model ; typhoon ; satellite image ; prediction system ; monocular depth estimation ; feature distillation ; joint attention ; finger-vein recognition ; camera position ; finger position ; lighting ; unobserved database ; heterogeneous database ; domain adaptation ; cycle-consistent adversarial networks ; SDUMLA-HMT-DB ; HKPolyU-DB ; biometrics ; face recognition ; single-sample face recognition ; binarized statistical image features ; K-nearest neighbors ; sparse coding ; fast approximation ; homotopy iterative hard thresholding ; object recognition ; character recognition ; orthogonal polynomials ; orthogonal moments ; Krawtchouk polynomials ; Tchebichef polynomials ; support vector machine ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue puts together recent findings in advanced technologies for the optimization of internal combustion engines in order to help the scientific community address the efforts towards the development of higher-power engines with lower fuel consumption and pollutant emissions.
    Keywords: diesel spray ; spray mixing ; varying injection rate ; numerical simulation ; hydrotreated vegetal oil ; oxymethylene ethers ; ignition delay ; liquid length ; lift-off length ; soot ; internal combustion engine ; emissions ; fuel consumption ; efficiency ; aftertreatment ; pre-turbine ; tabulated chemistry ; chemical kinetics ; 0-D stochastic reactor models ; acetone–butanol–ethanol ; dual-fuel operation ; electrolyzer ; emissions levels ; hydroxy gas ; spark ignition engine ; water injection ; phase doppler anemometry ; knock control ; free-piston engine ; linear permanent magnet synchronous machine ; four-stroke ; energy-conversion ; efficiency improvement ; exhaust emissions ; experiments ; 1D model ; cylinder-by-cylinder variation ; exhaust gas recirculation ; self-ignition engines ; injector nozzles ; spray holes ; pressure losses ; optimization ; diesel heavy-duty engine ; engine transient simulation ; longitudinal dynamics ; fuel economy ; hybrid ; complex powertrains ; real driving cycles ; water-in-gasoline emulsion ; micro-channel emulsifier ; spark-ignition engine ; performance ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 56
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book focuses on the analysis, design and implementation of future smart grid systems. This book contains eleven chapters, which were originally published after rigorous peer-review as a Special Issue in the International Journal of Energies (Basel). The chapters cover a range of work from authors across the globe and present both the state-of-the-art and emerging paradigms across a range of topics including sustainability planning, regulations and policy, estimation and situational awareness, energy forecasting, control and optimization and decentralisation. This book will be of interest to researchers, practitioners and scholars working in areas related to future smart grid systems.
    Keywords: industry 4.0 ; digitalization ; demand response ; HVAC control ; dynamic programming ; nonlinear optimization ; energy storage ; regulatory barriers ; storage policy ; market regulations ; SWOT analysis ; deep neural networks ; short-term load forecasting ; renewable energy ; sustainability ; island communities ; demand flexibility ; energy management ; optimization ; hydrogen economy ; cost analysis ; life cycle costing ; methane reforming ; water electrolysis ; centralised hydrogen production ; smart grids (intelligent networks) ; phasor machine learning ; binary logistic regression ; wireless network ; Sensors ; decentralized ; community energy management ; lithium-ion battery ; capacity prediction ; state of health estimation ; time–frequency image analysis ; continuous wavelet transform (CWT) ; two-stage optimization ; risk-based hybrid demand response ; uncertainties ; conditional value at risk ; improved multi-layer artificial bee colony algorithm ; interconnected power system ; cybersecurity ; FPID controller ; automatic intrusion mitigation unit ; Virtual Oscillator Control ; parameter tuning ; voltage-mode inverter ; microgrid ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Microalgae have been intensively studied for CO2 capture, nutrient removal from wastewater, and biofuels production. These photosynthetic microorganisms use solar energy with efficiency ten times greater than terrestrial plants and are responsible for about 50% of the world’s oxygen production. Therefore, microalgae have been considered a sustainable solution for CO2 capture. Besides carbon, their growth also requires other macronutrients: nitrogen and phosphorus. To avoid the addition of fertilizers (increasing the production costs), these nutrients can be supplied if wastewater is used as the culture medium. The integration of biomass production with wastewater treatment enables a reduction in operational costs and the environmental impact. Microalgae are also known for their high lipid contents and high growth rates and are a promising oil source for biodiesel production. This Special Issue Book presents the recent research activities concerning the environmental applications of microalgae and their potential for biofuels production, focusing on the main challenges for their large-scale application. Since microalgal culturing can address different environmental and non-environmental issues, the achievements from the integration of multiple microalgal applications are also considered in this Special Issue Book.
    Keywords: fungi ; algae ; lichen ; lipids ; biofilm ; lipid extraction ; electro-Fenton reaction ; cell wall disruption ; microalgae ; inclined solid–liquid separator ; hydrocarbon recovery ; biofuel ; energy balance ; harvesting ; cell growth ; chlorophyll ; carotenoids ; energetic yield ; biomass ; photobioreactors ; power consumption ; Chlorella ; power input ; sustainability ; temperature stress ; photoinhibition ; mixed culture ; Lipomyces starkeyi ; Chloroidium saccharophilum ; Single Cell Oils (SCOs) ; Arundo donax ; biorefinery ; tubular photobioreactor ; pilot-scale ; operation regimes ; outdoor cultivation ; Nannochloropsis oceanica ; docosahexaenoic acid ; Schizochytrium sp. ; crude glycerin ; optimization ; Plackett–Burman design ; response surface methodology ; microfluidic ; UV mutagenesis ; green alga ; nutrient content ; N:P ratio ; salt tolerance ; nutrient removal ; salt content reduction ; bioreactor ; carbon capture ; carbon dioxide ; eutrophication ; immobilization ; latex polymers ; process intensification ; wastewater ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Many constructions are built with reinforced or prestressed concrete, and most of them are designed or expected to resist earthquake actions in addition to gravity loads. To limit the effects of seismic events on reinforced or prestressed concrete structures, many attempts have been made by researchers in order to (i) improve the knowledge of the response of materials (steel bars and concrete) and members by means of laboratory tests, (ii) develop numerical and capacity models, (iii) enhance procedures for the dynamic analysis and assessment of the seismic performance of structures and (iv) suggest innovative interventions for the seismic retrofit of old and damaged reinforced or prestressed concrete structures. This Special Issue is a collection of 11 important research works that cover a wide range of problems related to the previously mentioned research fields. Both researchers and practical engineers are expected to greatly benefit from this Special Issue in view of their own work and for a better comprehension of the response of r.c. members and structures.
    Keywords: seismic retrofitting ; mainshock-damaged RC frame ; soft steel damper ; seismic performance ; mainshock-aftershock seismic sequence ; retrofitting ; modular ; finite element analysis ; flexural behavior ; ductility ; RC columns ; strengthening ; direct fastening ; steel jackets ; design procedure ; precast reinforced concrete deep beam ; experimental study ; finite element method (FEM) ; RC frames ; brick infills ; prior damage ; finite element analyses ; seismic joint ; FRP ; RC corroded columns ; localised corrosion ; numerical analyses ; modelling strategies ; cyclic actions ; seismic isolation ; asymmetric building ; mode-adaptive bidirectional pushover analysis (MABPA) ; seismic retrofit ; momentary energy input ; RC-framed skin ; seismic assessment ; nonlinear static analysis ; existing RC buildings ; retrofitting intervention ; column removal ; non-linear analysis ; progressive collapse ; reinforced concrete frame ; seismic response ; optimization ; curtailed shear wall ; buckling-restrained brace ; genetic algorithm ; seismic upgrading ; RC buildings ; industrial buildings ; industrial heritage ; steel exoskeletons ; photovoltaic plants ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: For decades, Applied Metaheuristic Computing (AMC) has been a prevailing optimization technique for tackling perplexing engineering and business problems, such as scheduling, routing, ordering, bin packing, assignment, facility layout planning, among others. This is partly because the classic exact methods are constrained with prior assumptions, and partly due to the heuristics being problem-dependent and lacking generalization. AMC, on the contrary, guides the course of low-level heuristics to search beyond the local optimality, which impairs the capability of traditional computation methods. This topic series has collected quality papers proposing cutting-edge methodology and innovative applications which drive the advances of AMC.
    Keywords: metaheuristics ; heuristics ; optimization ; artificial intelligence ; energy ; information security ; recognition ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Due to their distinctive properties, ionic liquids have attracted the great and unflagging interest of researchers for over 30 years. This interest has been focused mainly on their use as a green alternative to volatile organic solvents. However, they often act not only as solvents but also as catalysts, catalyst immobilizers and initiators. Over 100 types of chemical reactions are known in which ionic liquids (ILs) were applied successfully. This Special Issue is aimed at showing the most recent advances and trends in the design, synthesis and characterization of catalysts based on ILs, as well as presenting their activity and application potential.
    Keywords: oxidation ; N-hydroxyphthalimide ; immobilization ; ionic liquids ; SCILL ; plasticizers ; acidic catalysis ; terephthalate esters ; ortho-phthalate esters ; esterification ; solvents ; hydrosilylation ; alkynes ; heterogeneous catalysis ; rhodium catalysts ; cellulose ; deep eutectic solvents ; 5-HMF ; biphasic system ; homogeneous catalysis ; supercritical CO2 ; borylative coupling ; catalyst recycling ; green chemistry ; ruthenium catalyst ; vinyl boronates ; organoboron compounds ; biomass ; microwaves ; Michael reaction ; chalcone ; dimethylmalonate ; biphasic catalysis ; platinum complexes ; acidic ionic liquid ; Eucalyptus wood ; furfural ; levulinic acid ; supported ionic liquid catalyst (SILCA) ; palladium ; Heck reaction ; catalyst screening ; optimization ; hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulose ; cellulose recovery and bleaching ; paper industry sludge ; municipal primary sludge ; value-added chemicals ; ionic liquid ; heterogeneous catalyst ; SILPC ; porous ionic liquids ; supported ionic liquid phase ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Climate change mitigation and adaptation are key challenges of the 21st century. These challenges include global energy consumption and dependence on fossil fuels, which are addressed in global energy policies. About two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions are linked to the burning of fossil fuels used for heating, electricity, transport, and industry. Therefore, the world is looking for the most reliable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly energy sources coupled with energy saving, which is a clean and low-cost solution to the growing demand for energy. As a clear example of this, cities are integrating renewable energies into their smart city plans. This book aims to advance the contribution of the use of renewable energies and energy saving in order to achieve a more sustainable world.
    Keywords: BIPV window ; WWR ; overall energy ; tilt angle ; visual comfort ; energy saving ; semi-arid ; wind power generation ; artificial neural networks ; chargeability factor ; reactive power capacity ; wind speed and demand curves ; energy management systems ; multi-objective function ; optimal set-points ; stochastic optimization ; wind farm operation ; expert survey ; renewable energy ; biogas ; biomethane ; biogas plant ; business model ; political support system ; building performance ; value co-creation ; value add ; maintenance management ; hospital buildings ; optimal power flow ; power flow ; optimization algorithms ; DC networks ; electrical energy ; optimization ; willingness to pay ; minigrids ; rural electrification ; Ghana ; hospital building maintenance ; critical success factor ; value-based practices ; importance-performance matrix analysis ; renewable energy sources ; non-conventional renewable energy sources ; RES ; NCRES ; electric power system ; information environment ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: The present book contains all the articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Advances in Artificial Intelligence: Models, Optimization, and Machine Learning” of the MDPI Mathematics journal, which covers a wide range of topics connected to the theory and applications of artificial intelligence and its subfields. These topics include, among others, deep learning and classic machine learning algorithms, neural modelling, architectures and learning algorithms, biologically inspired optimization algorithms, algorithms for autonomous driving, probabilistic models and Bayesian reasoning, intelligent agents and multiagent systems. We hope that the scientific results presented in this book will serve as valuable sources of documentation and inspiration for anyone willing to pursue research in artificial intelligence, machine learning and their widespread applications.
    Keywords: large margin nearest neighbor regression ; distance metrics ; prototypes ; evolutionary algorithm ; approximate differential optimization ; multiple point hill climbing ; adaptive sampling ; free radical polymerization ; autonomous driving ; object tracking ; trajectory prediction ; deep neural networks ; stochastic methods ; applied machine learning ; classification and regression ; data mining ; ensemble model ; engineering informatics ; gender-based violence in Mexico ; twitter messages ; class imbalance ; k-nearest neighbor ; instance-based learning ; graph neural network ; deep learning ; hyperparameters ; machine learning ; optimization ; inference ; metaheuristics ; animal-inspired ; exploration ; exploitation ; hot rolled strip steel ; surface defects ; defect classification ; knockout tournament ; dynamic programming algorithm ; computational complexity ; combinatorics ; intelligent transport systems ; traffic control ; spatial-temporal variable speed limit ; multi-agent systems ; reinforcement learning ; distributed W-learning ; urban motorways ; multi-agent framework ; .NET framework ; simulations ; agent-based systems ; agent algorithms ; software design ; multisensory fingerprint ; interoperability ; DeepFKTNet ; classification ; generative adversarial networks ; image classification ; transfer learning ; plastic bottle ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: In our globalized world, the need to produce quality and safe food has increased exponentially in recent decades to meet the growing demands of the world population. This expectation is being met by acting at multiple levels, but mainly through the introduction of new technologies in the agricultural and agri-food sectors. In this context, agricultural, livestock, agro-industrial buildings, and agrarian infrastructure are being built on the basis of a sophisticated design that integrates environmental, landscape, and occupational safety, new construction materials, new facilities, and mechanization with state-of-the-art automatic systems, using calculation models and computer programs. It is necessary to promote research and dissemination of results in the field of mechanization and agricultural structures, specifically with regard to farm building and rural landscape, land and water use and environment, power and machinery, information systems and precision farming, processing and post-harvest technology and logistics, energy and non-food production technology, systems engineering and management, and fruit and vegetable cultivation systems. This Special Issue focuses on the role that mechanization and agricultural structures play in the production of high-quality food and continuously over time. For this reason, it publishes highly interdisciplinary quality studies from disparate research fields including agriculture, engineering design, calculation and modeling, landscaping, environmentalism, and even ergonomics and occupational risk prevention.
    Keywords: dried longan ; lifting mechanism ; silicone soft plate ; rice threshing ; rice combine ; longitudinal axial flow thresher ; Taguchi method ; famous tea ; end effector ; deviation tolerance ; orthogonal experiment ; evaluation method ; screw fertilizer distributor ; blocking wheel ; discrete element method (DEM) ; fertilizing performance ; fertilization uniformity ; film mulching ; mini shovel ; telescopic pipe ; discrete element modelling ; hill-drop sowing ; agricultural machinery ; agricultural materials ; model ; interaction ; energy indicators ; GHG emissions ; organic farming ; sugar beet ; non-chemical weed control ; robots ; potato planter ; seed metering device ; mechanization ; research progress ; rice ; fertilization ; weeding ; precision agriculture ; greenhouse ; hand-held sprayer ; plant protection products ; crop protection ; straw ; baler ; transport ; economy ; mechanisation ; subsoiling machine ; subsoiling shovel design ; anti-drag ; tillage depth detection ; tillage depth control ; tillage depth stability ; soil mechanical interaction ; heating cost ; thermal efficiency ; uncertainty ; soil covering device ; design ; experiment ; semi-buried lotus root ; pull-out force ; hydraulic scouring ; soil adhesion ; inclined inserted grafting ; mechanical damage ; flexible holding ; optimal design ; threshing and separating device ; cleaning system ; threshed mixture ; Matlab ; straw returning ; coupling bionic ; cutting energy consumption ; crushing length qualification rate ; maize straw ; frozen corn ; freeze adhesion ; corn combine harvester ; cleaning performance ; parameter optimization ; grouser shoe ; structure parameters ; optimization ; black soil ; RSM ; breeding plots ; corn ; low-damage harvesting ; optimization design ; field experiment ; Capsicum annuum L. ; hot pepper harvester ; machinery harvest efficiency ; planting distance ; dynamic load spectrum ; power take-off ; tractor PTO loading test bench ; Fuzzy-PID controller ; no-tillage drill ; straw back-throwing device ; quantum behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) ; multi-objective optimization ; verification test ; octopus tentacles ; bionic flexible gripper ; pneumatic drive ; agriculture ; precision farming ; site-specific seeding ; prescription maps ; apparent electrical conductivity ; proximal sensing ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: This book includes 15 articles published in the Special Issue "Theoretical Computer Science and Discrete Mathematics" of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This Special Issue is devoted to original and significant contributions to theoretical computer science and discrete mathematics. The aim was to bring together research papers linking different areas of discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science, as well as applications of discrete mathematics to other areas of science and technology. The Special Issue covers topics in discrete mathematics including (but not limited to) graph theory, cryptography, numerical semigroups, discrete optimization, algorithms, and complexity.
    Keywords: fuzzy set ; n-Pythagorean ; n-PFS algebra ; triangular norms ; outer-independent Roman domination ; Roman domination ; vertex cover ; rooted product graph ; total domination ; domination ; secure domination ; secure Italian domination ; weak roman domination ; w-domination ; cryptanalysis ; group key establishment ; topology optimization ; optimization ; filtering ; method ; penalization ; weight factor ; FEM ; MATLAB ; SIMP ; estimated prime factor ; integer factorisation problem ; continued fraction ; Fermat’s Factoring Algorithm ; genetic algorithm ; AES(t) ; heuristics ; microaggregation ; statistical disclosure control ; graph theory ; traveling salesman problem ; data privacy ; location privacy ; differentials in graphs ; strong differential ; quasi-total strong differential ; quasi-total Italian domination number ; numerical semigroup ; forest ; ordinarization transform ; quasi-ordinarization transform ; load redistribution ; leveling power consumption per phase ; three-phase asymmetric distribution networks ; ideal power consumption ; mixed-integer convex optimization ; strongly total Roman domination ; total Roman domination ; lexicographic product graph ; improved crow search algorithm ; normal Gaussian distribution ; phase swapping problem ; power losses ; asymmetric distribution grids ; vortex search algorithm ; nonidentical parallel production lines ; axle housing machining ; mixed model production ; eligibility constraint ; fuzzy due date ; grey wolf optimizer ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Due to the increased focus on circular bioeconomies, the full utilization of marine biomasses, including side streams from the seafood processing industry, as well as the utilization of hitherto unexploited biomasses, such as star fish, mussels, seaweed, and microalgae, are receiving increased attention from both academia and the industry. These marine biomasses contain a wide array of bioactive compounds with beneficial and/or functional health properties, which can be exploited for applications in food, feed, dietary supplements, or pharma. New technologies are being developed for the recovery and preservation of bioactive compounds from these resources. Technologies for preserving perishable bioactive compounds are particularly important during the storage of seafood side streams before extraction as well as during the extraction, concentration, purification, and storage of the extracted compounds. Advanced application refers to new applications of the bioactive compounds in, for example, food products or new technologies for the incorporation of these bioactive compounds in food, feed, dietary supplements, or drugs.
    Keywords: green crab ; protein hydrolysates ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; type 2 diabetes ; anti-hyperglycemia ; antiradical activity ; hydrolysates ; hydrothermal extracts ; A. broughtonii ; omega-3 ; microencapsulation ; spray-drying ; whey protein ; lipid oxidation ; food fortification ; sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) ; seaweed ; blanching ; freezing ; iodine ; nutrients ; bioactives ; antioxidant activity ; emulsifying properties ; statistical modelling ; optimization ; protein emulsifiers ; physical stability ; oxidative stability ; algae ; industrial seaweeds ; vegan protein ; combined extraction ; bioactive compounds ; sustainability ; bioeconomy ; functionality ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Our Special Issue we publish at a turning point, which we have not dealt with since World War II. The interconnected long-term global shocks such as the coronavirus pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and catastrophic climate change have imposed significant humanitary, socio-economic, political, and environmental restrictions on the globalization process and all aspects of economic and social life including the existence of individual people. The planet is trapped—the current situation seems to be the prelude to an apocalypse whose long-term effects we will have for decades. Therefore, it urgently requires a concept of the planet's survival to be built—only on this basis can the conditions for its development be created. The Special Issue gives evidence of the state of econophysics before the current situation. Therefore, it can provide excellent econophysics or an inter-and cross-disciplinary starting point of a rational approach to a new era.
    Keywords: energy ; economic growth ; output elasticities ; entropy production ; emissions ; optimization ; speculative attacks ; currency crisis ; neural networks ; deep learning ; Quantum-Inspired Neural Network ; traveling salesman problem ; simulated annealing technique ; kinetic exchange model ; Gini index ; Kolkata index ; minority game ; Kolkata Paise Restaurant problem ; time series analysis ; cross-correlations ; power law classification scheme ; network analysis ; globalisation ; entropy ; portfolio optimization ; regularization ; renormalization ; econophysics ; highway freight transportation ; radiation model ; transportation network ; network diversity ; power law ; economic development ; decision-making ; bounded rationality ; complexity economics ; information-theory ; maximum entropy principle ; quantal response statistical equilibrium ; correlation coefficient ; detrended cross-correlation analysis ; COVID-19 ; mobility indices ; random geometry ; risk measurement ; disordered systems ; replica theory ; return distributions ; power-law tails ; stretched exponentials ; q-Gaussians ; financial markets ; financial complexity ; collective intelligence ; emergent property ; stock correlation ; lexical evolution of econophysics ; text as data ; correspondence analysis ; long-range memory ; 1/f noise ; absolute value estimator ; anomalous diffusion ; ARFIMA ; first-passage times ; fractional Lèvy stable motion ; Higuchi’s method ; mean squared displacement ; multiplicative point process ; correlation filtering ; minimal spanning tree ; planar maximally filtered graph ; topological data analysis ; SGX ; TAIEX ; complex systems ; ecological economics ; urban–regional economics ; income distribution ; financial market dynamics ; income tax ; tax deduction ; income redistribution ; government transfer ; government dependency ; poverty line ; basic income guarantee ; effective tax rate ; balanced budget ; elastic tax ; Cantor set ; fractals ; homeomorphism ; detrended fluctuation analysis ; Hurst exponent ; continuous time random walk ; intertrade times ; volatility clustering ; local transfer entropy ; long-short-term-memory ; Bitcoin ; cryptocurrencies ; multiscale analysis ; detrended cross-correlations ; covariance matrices ; copulas ; high-frequency trading ; market stability ; agent-based models ; structural entropy ; Economic Freedom of the World index ; Index of Economic Freedom ; rank-size law technique ; power law behaviour ; exponential behaviour ; multiscale partition function ; multifractal analysis ; company market ; export readiness ; internationalization ; options pricing ; mortality ; companies ; start-up ; FTSE100 ; Gompertz ; MinMax ; survival probability distribution ; high-frequency trader ; multivariate Hawkes process ; forex market ; wealth distribution ; kinetic models ; wealth inequalities ; compartmental epidemic modelling ; vaccination campaign ; flash crash ; systemic risk ; financial networks ; high frequency trading ; market microstructure ; phase transition ; criticality ; dynamics of complex networks ; cascading failure ; network science ; economic complexity ; relatedness ; products and services ; planar graph ; partial correlation ; discounting ; bond pricing ; real interest rates ; calendar anomalies ; day-of-the-week effect ; market indices ; multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Research in colour and texture has experienced major changes in the last few years. This book presents some recent advances in the field, specifically in the theory and applications of colour texture analysis. This volume also features benchmarks, comparative evaluations and reviews.
    Keywords: Machine vision ; image analysis ; item counting device ; electro-deposition industry ; digital intraoral radiography ; image preprocessing ; periapical lesions ; texture analysis ; prostate cancer ; histopathology ; microscopic ; tissue image ; segmentation ; morphological ; quantitative ; classification ; SVM ; image resizing ; local Tchebichef moments (LTM) ; scaling ; scale-and-stretch ; seam carving ; faster R-CNN ; cutting pieces ; multi-period pattern ; skew angle ; period length ; colored texture pattern classification ; global–local texture classification ; color–texture features ; color–texture feature extraction ; bagging post-processing ; BQMP and Haralick global–local feature integration ; maceral components ; image segmentation ; coal petrography ; random forest ; two-level clustering ; deep neural networks ; adaptive gradient methods ; stochastic gradient descent ; bounded scheduling method ; image classification ; language modeling ; texture ; deep learning ; MB-LBP ; surface defect detection ; feature extraction ; defect recognition ; mammogram ; meta-heuristics ; optimization ; breast cancer ; detection ; skin microrelief ; water sorption ; aging ; hair ; mathematics of colour and texture ; hand-designed image descriptors ; rank features ; partial orders ; river scene segmentation ; local binary pattern ; hue variance ; surface reflection ; audio classification ; dissimilarity space ; siamese network ; ensemble of classifiers ; pattern recognition ; animal audio ; co-saliency ; omnidirectional images ; video saliency ; visual saliency estimation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue presents a range of recent technologies and innovations to help the agricultural and food industry to manage and minimize postharvest losses, enhance reliability and sustainability, and generate high-quality products that are both healthy and appealing to consumers. It focuses on three main topics of food storage and preservation technologies, food processing technologies, and the applications of advanced mathematical modelling and computer simulations. This presentation of the latest research and information is particularly useful for people who are working in or associated with the fields of agriculture, the agri-food chain and technology development and promotion.
    Keywords: persimmon fruit ; drying methods ; computational intelligence methods ; artificial neural network model ; support vector machine model ; k-nearest neighbors ; milk quality ; high pressure processing ; pasteurization ; milk storage ; shelf life ; bulk hazelnut kernels ; mechanical properties ; heating temperature ; oil efficiency ; relaxation process ; common beans ; beans classification ; hard-to-cook ; bean softening ; piper nigrum ; dimensions ; mass ; maturity levels ; modelling ; food security ; food quality ; agricultural production ; crop storage and processing ; food distribution ; smart digital technology ; industry 4.0 ; refrigeration ; deterioration ; cavitation ; dosage ; hurdle technology ; microorganisms ; nonthermal ; decontamination ; bulk weight ; hop cones size distribution ; chemical analysis ; energy consumption ; postharvest storage ; food packaging and shelf-life ; bitter kola ; food preservation ; alligator pepper ; underutilized seeds ; cassava ; storage ; PPD ; starch ; shelf-life ; postharvest losses ; biorational pesticides ; chemical profile ; fumigant toxicity ; modeling ; optimization ; S. hortensis ; S. intermedia ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: There are many applications of mathematical physics in several fields of basic science and engineering. Thus, we have tried to provide the Special Issue “Modern Problems of Mathematical Physics and Their Applications” to cover the new advances of mathematical physics and its applications. In this Special Issue, we have focused on some important and challenging topics, such as integral equations, ill-posed problems, ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, system of equations, fractional problems, linear and nonlinear problems, fuzzy problems, numerical methods, analytical methods, semi-analytical methods, convergence analysis, error analysis and mathematical models. In response to our invitation, we received 31 papers from more than 17 countries (Russia, Uzbekistan, China, USA, Kuwait, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Thailand, Pakistan, Turkey, Nigeria, Jordan, Romania, India, Iran, Argentina, Israel, Canada, etc.), of which 19 were published and 12 rejected.
    Keywords: cauchy problem ; regularization ; factorization ; regular solution ; fundamental solution ; road section ; IMF SWARA ; traffic safety ; fuzzy MARCOS ; DEA ; ordinary differential equations ; analytical methods ; mathematical models ; Riccati equation ; radial Schrödinger equation ; transformations ; hyper-singular integrals ; Navier–Stokes problem ; product user experience ; enterprise network public opinion ; identification of high-risk users ; random forest algorithm ; user portrait ; controlled second-order Lagrangian ; Euler–Lagrange equations ; isoperimetric constraints ; curvilinear integral ; differential 1-form ; partition functions ; analytical extensions ; guelfand’s and gradshteyn’s ; classical gravity ; internal waves in rotating ocean ; fractional derivative ; q-Homotopy analysis transform technique ; fixed point theorem ; minimal sensitivity ; optimization ; power transform ; critical index ; secant method ; generalized secant method ; complex roots ; cressman method ; EICM ; ENSO ; SSTA ; immune system ; virus-infected cell ; effector cell ; autoimmune disease ; time-delay virus-immune model ; differential equations ; differential operators ; non-local boundary value problems ; general conditions ; integral conditions ; multipoint conditions ; composition of operators ; pseudo-differential equation ; conjugation problem ; wave factorization ; solvability condition ; measure of noncompactness ; random effect ; random operator ; Mönch’s fixed point theorem ; multi-term fractional differential equation ; Carathéodory condition ; resolvent family theory ; multi-dimensional public opinion ; topic derivation ; complex network dynamics model ; online comments ; hot events ; fluid ; flows ; dynamic ; structure ; axiomatics ; fundamental equations ; dissipation ; complete solution ; ligaments ; waves ; vortices ; plate ; wake ; drop ; impact ; boundary element method ; barrier options ; multi-asset options ; basket options ; spread options ; thrid-order differential equations ; delay ; oscillation criteria ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This volume collects the papers published on the Special Issue “Kinematics and Robot Design I, KaRD2018” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/robotics/special_issues/KARD), which is the first issue of the KaRD Special Issue series, hosted by the open access journal “MDPI Robotics”. The KaRD series aims at creating an open environment where researchers can present their works and discuss all the topics focused on the many aspects that involve kinematics in the design of robotic/automatic systems. Kinematics is so intimately related to the design of robotic/automatic systems that the admitted topics of the KaRD series practically cover all the subjects normally present in well-established international conferences on “mechanisms and robotics”. KaRD2018 received 22 papers and, after the peer-review process, accepted only 14 papers. The accepted papers cover some theoretical and many design/applicative aspects.
    Keywords: cable driven robot ; performance index ; Wrench Exertion Capability ; snake robot ; snake scale ; scale geometry ; friction ratio ; serpentine motion ; hexapod ; self-motion ; spatial symmetric rolling ; plane-symmetric motion ; Duporcq manipulator ; accuracy analysis ; optimal design ; multi-objective evolutionary algorithms ; NSGA-II ; 6-UCU kind Gough-Stewart platform ; parallel kinematic machine ; kinematic optimisation ; hardware in the loop ; mechatronic design ; manipulators ; trajectory planning ; kinematic constraints ; optimization ; viability ; inverse kinematics ; parallel robot ; reconfigurable joint ; flexible robotics ; mechanism ; kinematics ; Shoenflies-motion generator ; dimensional synthesis ; kinetostatic performances ; conditioning index ; projective angles ; spherical PKM ; direct kinematics ; nonlinear flexible beams ; discrete modeling ; underactuated robots ; optimal preshaping input ; spacecraft ; robotics ; dual quaternions ; aerial robotics ; quadcopters ; UAVs ; dual-tilting ; tilting rotors ; over-actuation ; flight control ; rotorcraft ; adaptive ; balancing ; counterweight ; mechatronic system ; robot ; timing belt ; belt stiffness ; dynamic system modeling ; mechatronic systems ; 3D printers ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This book is a collection of 11 articles that are published in the corresponding Machines Special Issue “Smart Manufacturing”. It represents the quality, breadth and depth of the most updated study in smart manufacturing (SM); in particular, digital technologies are deployed to enhance system smartness by (1) empowering physical resources in production, (2) utilizing virtual and dynamic assets over the Internet to expand system capabilities, (3) supporting data-driven decision-making activities at various domains and levels of businesses, or (4) reconfiguring systems to adapt to changes and uncertainties. System smartness can be evaluated by one or a combination of performance metrics such as degree of automation, cost-effectiveness, leanness, robustness, flexibility, adaptability, sustainability, and resilience. This book features, firstly, the concepts digital triad (DT-II) and Internet of digital triad things (IoDTT), proposed to deal with the complexity, dynamics, and scalability of complex systems simultaneously. This book also features a comprehensive survey of the applications of digital technologies in space instruments; a systematic literature search method is used to investigate the impact of product design and innovation on the development of space instruments. In addition, the survey provides important information and critical considerations for using cutting edge digital technologies in designing and manufacturing space instruments.
    Keywords: vibrator plate ; working stress ; simulated analysis ; smart manufacturing ; Industry 4.0 ; human-robot collaboration ; slide valve body of OCV ; automatic production line ; test system ; sorting system ; Cartesian coordinate robot ; IoT ; cyber-physical systems ; digital twin ; simulation approach ; smart factory ; conceptual design ; intelligent design ; evolutionary game ; domain mapping ; blockchain ; digital twins ; data analysis ; transportation ; logistics ; railway ; information technologies (IT) ; system of systems (SoS) ; digital manufacturing (DM) ; digital twins (DT-I) ; digital triad (DT-II) ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; Internet of Digital Triad Things (IoDTT) ; big data analytics (BDA) ; cloud computing (CC) ; axiomatic design theory (ADT) ; cyber-physical system ; heuristics ; matrix production ; optimization ; space environment ; space instrument ; product design ; performance ; innovation ; manufacturing ; smart process transformation framework ; smart maintenance architecture ; smart maintenance factory ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Transportation systems play a major role in the reduction of energy consumptions and environmental impact all over the world. The significant amount of energy of transport systems forces the adoption of new solutions to ensure their performance with energy-saving and reduced environmental impact. In this context, technologies and materials, devices and systems, design methods, and management techniques, related to the electrical power systems for transportation are continuously improving thanks to research activities. The main common challenge in all the applications concerns the adoption of innovative solutions that can improve existing transportation systems in terms of efficiency and sustainability.
    Keywords: electric bus ; vehicle selection ; road operation test ; sustainable development ; more electric aircraft (MEA) ; multilevel converter ; high power density ; electric vehicles (EVs) ; independent-drive technology ; deep reinforcement learning (DRL) ; optimal torque distribution ; wireless power transfer ; non-linear ; fast terminal sliding mode control ; power converters ; efficiency ; energy storage systems ; electrical power systems ; hydraulic power systems ; hydraulic accumulator ; ultracapacitor ; lithium-ion battery ; dual-polarization model ; fractional-order model ; SOC estimation ; hybrid Kalman filter ; vehicle–grid integration ; distribution network voltage regulation ; alternating direction method of multipliers ; railway transport ; eco-driving ; energy efficiency ; optimization algorithm ; power systems ; ancillary services ; EV motor inverter ; electrical installation ; on-board charger ; vehicle-to-home ; home energy management system ; hybrid electric bulldozer ; tracked vehicle ; control strategy ; adaptive control ; power smoothing ; electric vehicles ; public charging station ; bilevel model ; range constraint ; hybrid electric vehicles ; equivalent consumption minimization strategy ; power-split hybrid ; heavy-duty vehicles ; diesel engine ; natural gas engine ; hybrid powertrain ; supercapacitor ; fuel consumption ; mathematical modeling ; electric vehicle ; city bus ; gearbox ; transmission ; optimization ; hybrid electric vehicle ; power-split ; fuel economy ; particle swarm optimization ; route guidance strategies ; stochastic charging demands ; time-varying road network ; shift-by-wire (SBW) ; switched reluctance motor (SRM) ; non-uniform air-gap ; rotor hole placement ; torque ripple ; rotor structure ; electrical transport ; electrical vehicle ; marine transport ; railway ; battery electric vehicles ; signalized intersections ; energy-optimized vehicle trajectories ; vehicle dynamics model ; road freight transport ; vehicle stock turnover model ; deep decarbonization ; road freight vehicle ; electric-drive vehicle ; lithium-ion ; dQ/dV ; dV/dQ ; frequency regulation ; V2G ; G2V ; fault diagnosis ; PEM fuel cell system ; PFCM-ABC-SVM ; ultra-fast charging ; multimodule DC-DC converters ; dual active bridge DC-DC converter ; full-bridge phase-shift DC-DC converter ; input-series output-series ; input-series output-parallel ; input-parallel output-parallel ; input-parallel output-series ; input-series input-parallel output-series output-parallel ; battery aging ; plug-in electric vehicles ; energy management ; global optimization ; state of health ; particle swarm algorithm ; genetic algorithm ; simulation ; plug-in hybrid ; microgrid ; photovoltaic ; robust optimization ; stochastic optimization ; battery management systems ; battery fuel gauge ; state of charge ; power fade ; capacity fade ; robust estimation ; predictive control ; environmental impacts ; life cycle assessment ; review ; anti-lock braking system ; fuzzy logic system ; controller ; vehicle ; traffic signal control ; cost model ; total cost of ownership ; TCO ; charging strategy ; public transport ; sustainability ; reused battery ; adaptive control theory ; battery management system (BMS) ; internal resistances ; open-circuit voltage ; policy incentive ; public charging infrastructure ; power grid ; grid-side effects ; photovoltaic potentials ; controlled charging ; electric power systems ; transportation ; PV ; inverter ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 73
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The use of lipid-based nanosystems, including lipid nanoparticles (solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)), nanoemulsions, and liposomes, among others, is widespread. Several researchers have described the advantages of different applications of these nanosystems. For instance, they can increase the targeting and bioavailability of drugs, improving therapeutic effects. Their use in the cosmetic field is also promising, owing to their moisturizing properties and ability to protect labile cosmetic actives. Thus, it is surprising that only a few lipid-based nanosystems have reached the market. This can be explained by the strict regulatory requirements of medicines and the occurrence of unexpected in vivo failure, which highlights the need to conduct more preclinical studies.Current research is focused on testing the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo efficacy of lipid-based nanosystems to predict their clinical performance. However, there is a lack of method validation, which compromises the comparison between different studies.This book brings together the latest research and reviews that report on in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo preclinical studies using lipid-based nanosystems. Readers can find up-to-date information on the most common experiments performed to predict the clinical behavior of lipid-based nanosystems. A series of 15 research articles and a review are presented, with authors from 15 different countries, which demonstrates the universality of the investigations that have been carried out in this area.
    Keywords: nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) ; formulation optimization ; rivastigmine ; quality by design (QbD) ; nasal route ; nose-to-brain ; N-alkylisatin ; liposome ; urokinase plasminogen activator ; PAI-2 ; SerpinB2 ; breast cancer ; liposomes ; target delivery nanosystem ; FZD10 protein ; colon cancer therapy ; supersaturation ; silica-lipid hybrid ; spray drying ; lipolysis ; lipid-based formulation ; fenofibrate ; mesoporous silica ; oral drug delivery ; hyaluronic acid ; drug release ; light activation ; stability ; mobility ; biocorona ; dissolution enhancement ; phospholipids ; solid dosage forms ; porous microparticles ; nanoemulsion(s) ; phase-behavior ; DoE ; D-optimal design ; vegetable oils ; non-ionic surfactants ; efavirenz ; flaxseed oil ; nanostructured lipid carriers ; nanocarrier ; docohexaenoic acid ; neuroprotection ; neuroinflammation ; fluconazole ; Box‒Behnken design ; nanotransfersome ; ulcer index ; zone of inhibition ; rheological behavior ; ex vivo permeation ; nanomedicine ; cancer ; doxorubicin ; melanoma ; drug delivery ; ultrasound contrast agents ; phospholipid coating ; ligand distribution ; cholesterol ; acoustic response ; microbubble ; lipid phase ; dialysis ; ammonia ; intoxication ; cyanocobalamin ; vitamin B12 ; atopic dermatitis ; psoriasis ; transferosomes ; lipid vesicles ; skin topical delivery ; oligonucleotide ; self-emulsifying drug delivery systems ; hydrophobic ion pairing ; intestinal permeation enhancers ; Caco-2 monolayer ; clarithromycin ; solid lipid nanoparticles ; optimization ; permeation ; pharmacokinetics ; follicular targeting ; dexamethasone ; alopecia areata ; lipomers ; lipid polymer hybrid nanocapsules ; biodistribution ; skin ; ethyl cellulose ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This Special Issue aims at reporting current investigations on emerging materials and devices taking up the challenge of pursuing a significant improvement in the energy performance of buildings and indoor comfort. What is the contribution of innovative technologies in the epochal transition to low environmental impact buildings? This is the question addressed in this Special Issue, in order to offer a wide and heterogeneous amount of data to readers, along with results of high scientific impact concerning the application of innovative technologies in construction. The 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change following the COP 21 Conference on Climate Change, organized by United Nations, required the States to reduce carbon emissions in the building stock. In the European Union, almost 50% of final energy consumption is used for heating and cooling; out of this huge amount, 80% is used in buildings. It makes sense, then, that the Union’s goals are inherently linked to the real effort to renovate the building stock. To do this, in the EU and worldwide, the priority is to enhance energy efficiency, by deploying low-cost renewable energies and innovative technologies, especially those derived from recent achievements in the field of nanomaterials research, with special reference to building integration of novel technologies, spanning from chromogenics to semitransparent photovoltaics, super-insulating materials, and phase change materials. Articles here proposed deal with every construction or plant component of the building organism, taking advantage of novel technologies to improve their performance, from the envelope to structures, HVAC, and other technical systems, as well as indoor climate analyses in buildings and indoor environmental quality (IEQ), as well as visual comfort indoors.
    Keywords: window frame ; granular aerogel ; energy saving ; IEQ ; bioaerosols ; airborne bacteria ; airborne fungi ; ozone ; portable air purifier ; ozone generation ; biomimetics ; building skin ; multifunctionality ; architectural design ; building envelope ; adaptability ; design framework ; building performance simulation ; renewable energy ; perovskite solar cells ; BIPV ; semi-transparent ; challenges ; indoor air quality (IAQ) ; CO2 production rate ; CO2 concentration ; occupancy estimation ; demand controlled ventilation (DCV) ; energy efficiency ; Cu-Zn-Al ; shape memory ; SMA ; seismic ; ausforming ; transformation temperatures ; super elasticity ; microstructure ; ventilated facade ; second-skin materials ; 3D printed materials ; additive manufacturing ; TRNSYS ; full-scale facility ; retrofit action ; deep reinforcement learning ; optimal control ; optimization ; HYBUILD ; thermal energy storage ; residential buildings ; noise pollution ; environmental factors ; property prices ; genetic algorithm ; residential market ; phase change materials ; hybrid ventilated school building ; indoor thermal comfort ; thermal management ; energy conservation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book deals with metal processing and its numerical modelling and simulation. In total, 21 papers from different distinguished authors have been compiled in this area. Various processes are addressed, including solidification, TIG welding, additive manufacturing, hot and cold rolling, deep drawing, pipe deformation, and galvanizing. Material models are developed at different length scales from atomistic simulation to finite element analysis in order to describe the evolution and behavior of materials during thermal and thermomechanical treatment. Materials under consideration are carbon, Q&T, DP, and stainless steels; ductile iron; and aluminum, nickel-based, and titanium alloys. The developed models and simulations shall help to predict structure evolution, damage, and service behavior of advanced materials.
    Keywords: all-position automatic tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding ; optimal welding parameters ; response surface method (RSM) ; lap joint ; weld bead geometry ; tin alloy ; modified embedded-atom method ; molecular dynamics simulation ; phase transformation ; diffusion ; numerical simulation ; cellular automaton ; dendritic grain growth ; quantitative prediction ; plasticity forming ; cold roll-beating forming ; process parameter ; multi-objective optimization ; undermatched ; integrity identification ; XFEM ; fracture toughness calculation method ; microstructure ; tensile properties ; intermetallics ; casting ; dual phase steel ; hot dip galvanizing line ; multivariate analysis ; dilatometry ; selective laser melting ; additive manufacturing ; SLM ; FEM ; Al2O3 ; reinforced ; Al2O3-ZrO2 ; 304 ; stainless ; composite ; aluminium alloy ; EN AW-6060 ; precipitation hardening aluminium alloys ; material model ; heating ; cooling ; flow cures ; LS-DYNA ; molecular dynamics ; nano-cutting ; crystal direction ; γ-TiAl alloy ; stacking fault ; flow stress ; hot deformation ; carbon steel ; continuous cooling ; phase transformations ; rupture disc ; finite element analysis ; burst fracture ; mechanical property ; austenitic stainless steel ; stress triaxiality ; material damage ; FEM simulation ; ultrasonic drawing ; titanium wire ; drawing force ; Mises stress ; contact stress ; work hardening ; deep drawing ; limiting drawing ratio (LDR) ; draw radius ; anisotropy ; finite element method ; stainless steels ; plastic deformation ; mechanical properties ; quarter buckle ; roll stack deflection ; strip material flow ; roll contour optimisation ; hot-rolled stainless steel ; model fitting ; optimization ; metal casting ; SGI ; compass search ; NEWUOA ; genetic algorithm ; particle swarm optimization ; additive manufacture ; Ti-6Al-4V ; temperature distribution ; distortion ; residual stress ; experimental validation ; cylindrical cup ; earing ; thermal modeling ; volumetric heat source ; computational efficiency ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Collagen is the main fibrous structural protein in the extracellular matrix and connective tissue of animals. It is a primary building block of bones, tendons, skin, hair, cartilage, and all joints in the body. It is also considered a "glue" that holds the body together. Collagen production begins to slow down, and cell structures start losing their strength as we become older. Collagen supplementation is a vital way to help our body revive itself and stay youthful. Recently, collagen-based biomedical materials have developed important and clinically effective materials that have become widely acceptable. However, collagen extraction from land animal sources is complex, time consuming, and expensive. Hence, marine sources have started to be researched and have been found to be the most convenient and safest sources for obtaining collagen. Another reason for favouring these sources is due to concerns over adverse inflammatory and immunologic responses and the prevalence of various diseases among land animals that can cause health complications.Marine sources also have plenty of advantages over land animal sources: (1) a high collagen content; (2) environmentally friendly; (3) the presence of biological contaminants and toxins is almost negligible; (4) a low inflammatory response; (5) greater absorption due to their low molecular weight; (6) less significant religious and ethical constraints; (7) minor regulatory and quality control problems; (8) metabolic compatibility, among others. This huge source of marine collagen is expected to make a great contribution to marine biotechnology products and medical applications.
    Keywords: Axinella cannabina ; Suberites carnosus ; sponges ; marine collagen ; hydrogel ; collagen rheology ; marine sponge GAG ; marine biomaterials ; Chondrosia reniformis ; bone grafting ; bone biocompatible materials ; bone regeneration ; Nibea japonica ; response surface methodology ; optimization ; characterization ; collagen ; spongin ; collagen-related proteins ; scaffolds ; biomaterials ; jellyfish collagen ; mineralized salmon collagen ; osteochondral tissue engineering ; biphasic scaffold ; osteochondral medium ; alginate ; medical device ; scaffold ; soft corals ; tissue regeneration ; Porifera ; tissue engineering ; membranes ; cartilaginous fish by-products ; chitosan ; composite films ; properties ; blue shark collagen ; osteogenic activity ; Runx2 ; differentiated mesenchymal stem cell ; osteoblast ; proliferation ; collagen peptide ; ornithine ; skin elasticity ; transepidermal water loss ; growth hormone ; insulin-like growth factor-1 ; marine-origin collagen ; codfish ; biophysical characterization ; biologic activity ; ASTM guidelines ; biomedical application ; skin collagen ; electrodialysis ; thermal stability ; Takifugu flavidus ; mariculture ; sponge ; fishfarm ; integrated multitrophic aquaculture ; hydroxyproline ; fibroblasts proliferation and differentiation ; wound healing ; fish discards ; fish by-products ; cosmetic applications ; experimental designs ; chitin ; corals ; extracellular matrix ; marine invertebrates ; marine proteins ; Nile tilapia collagen ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Tribology has been and continues to be one of the most relevant fields, being present in almost all aspects of our lives. The understanding of tribology provides us with solutions for future technical challenges. At the root of all advances made so far are multitudes of precise experiments and an increasing number of advanced computer simulations across different scales and multiple physical disciplines. Based upon this sound and data-rich foundation, advanced data handling, analysis and learning methods can be developed and employed to expand existing knowledge. Therefore, modern machine learning (ML) or artificial intelligence (AI) methods provide opportunities to explore the complex processes in tribological systems and to classify or quantify their behavior in an efficient or even real-time way. Thus, their potential also goes beyond purely academic aspects into actual industrial applications. To help pave the way, this article collection aimed to present the latest research on ML or AI approaches for solving tribology-related issues generating true added value beyond just buzzwords. In this sense, this Special Issue can support researchers in identifying initial selections and best practice solutions for ML in tribology.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; machine learning ; artificial neural networks ; tribology ; condition monitoring ; semi-supervised learning ; random forest classifier ; self-lubricating journal bearings ; reduced order modelling ; dynamic friction ; rubber seal applications ; tensor decomposition ; laser surface texturing ; texturing during moulding ; digital twin ; PINN ; reynolds equation ; triboinformatics ; databases ; data mining ; meta-modeling ; monitoring ; analysis ; prediction ; optimization ; fault data generation ; Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) ; Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) ; bearing fault diagnosis ; unbalanced datasets ; tribo-testing ; tribo-informatics ; natural language processing ; tribAIn ; BERT ; amorphous carbon coatings ; UHWMPE ; total knee replacement ; Gaussian processes ; rolling bearing dynamics ; cage instability ; regression ; neural networks ; random forest ; gradient boosting ; evolutionary algorithms ; rolling bearings ; remaining useful life ; feature engineering ; structure-borne sound ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Structural and Functional Analysis of Extracts in Plants collects 1 editorial, 3 reviews, and 26 research articles reporting recent research findings which cover several aspects of plant-derived bioactive compounds, to correlate extraction techniques with the chemical composition of extracts and their bioactivity for identifying molecules that might be used as active substances in a wide variety of areas.This book is a valuable resource for members of the scientific community wishing to further explore plants and the therapeutic applications of their bioactive compounds. It will appeal to scholars, teachers and scientists involved in plant product research, and facilitate the development of innovative new drugs.
    Keywords: hierarchical cluster analysis ; principal component analysis ; ultrasound-assisted extraction ; triterpenic acid ; Ziziphus jujuba ; water-pepper ; FRAP ; DPPH ; polarity-based solvent extraction ; α-amylase inhibition ; circular economy ; green biorefinery ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; phytochemicals ; amino acids ; food and feed ; UHPLC-ESI-ORBITRAP-MS/MS ; Bergenia emeiensis ; polysaccharides ; optimization ; RSM ; acrylamide-induced damage ; Sorbus commixta fruit ; anti-melanoma activity ; caspase-3 ; polyphenolic compounds ; depression ; antioxidant ; cytokines ; anti-inflammatory ; cytotoxicity ; medicinal mushroom ; Psilocybe natalensis ; coak oak ; chlorophyll ; terpenes ; lupeol ; cuticular permeance ; Suaeda vermiculata ; halophyte ; aqueous-ethanolic extract ; liver toxicity ; hepatoprotective ; liver disorders ; mass spectrometry ; LC-MS ; HepG-2 ; HepG-2/ADR ; zebrafish ; toxicity ; embryotoxicity ; medicinal plant ; animal model ; Crocus sativus ; in vivo ; carrageenan ; analgesic ; antidepressant ; anticoagulant ; adipogenesis ; AMPK ; anti-obesity ; triglycerides ; UCP1 ; Anacardiaceae ; design of experiments (DOEs) ; flavonoids ; green extraction ; HPLC-DAD ; LC-MS/MS ; tannins ; ultrasound assisted-extraction (UAE) ; compact mass spectrometry ; cleansing properties ; detergent plants ; phytochemical ; tissue culture ; Arbutus pavarii ; antibacterial activity ; MRSA ; time–kill curves ; ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography ; mass spectrometry (UHPLC- ESI-MS/MS) ; Trigonella stellata ; caffeic acid ; osteoporosis ; osteoblast ; osteoclast ; BMP ; Euphorbia cuneata ; Euphorbiaceae ; lipopolysaccharide ; oxidative stress ; NF-κB ; lung injury ; pachycereus weberi ; escontria chiotilla ; antioxidant activity ; phenolic compounds ; betalains ; food composition ; food analysis ; Scrophularia buergeriana ; S. koraiensis ; S. takesimensis ; harpagoside ; osteoclast differentiation ; RANKL ; Araucaria angustifolia ; bioactive compounds ; cysteine protease inhibitor ; functional food ; insecticide ; plant extracts ; termites ; tumor cells ; pine nuts ; urban pest ; polyphenols ; fruit development ; natural food colorant ; Sambucus canadensis ; Japanese knotweed ; Reynoutria ; Polygonum ; Polygonaceae ; anthraquinones ; emodin ; physcion ; HPTLC ; HPTLC-MS ; densitometry ; carrot juices ; carotenoids ; high-speed juicer ; low-speed juicer ; food processing ; extraction ; glucosinolates ; kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) ; phenolics ; candelilla plant ; antioxidant properties ; antimicrobial activity ; candelilla cultivation ; candelilla wax ; polysterols ; saponins ; therapeutic properties ; sage ; stirring and heating extraction ; mechanochemical extraction ; antiproliferative activity ; mutagenicity ; anticoagulant activity ; Rosmarinus officinalis ; hydroalcoholic extract ; Sam-Myo-Whan ; traditional medicine ; gouty arthritis ; inflammation ; monosodium urate ; Underutilized Mexican plants ; Cactus fruits ; Antioxidant activities ; Antiproliferative properties ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 79
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Energy and the environment are irrevocably interrelated, and they are critical factors that influence the development of societies. The pollution of the environment without considering various consequences has become one of the most important global issues today. This environmental pollution is mainly the result of increases in economic activities, population, transportation, electricity generation, agriculture, forestry, and land use. The exigency of energy for these activities, the rapidly rising price of petroleum oil, the harmful effect of greenhouse gases, and the quest for energy security have steered our attention towards sustainable sources of energy. It is fundamental to find innovative solutions that are sustainable from the perspective of energy management and environmental protection. This book includes three review articles which review the state-of-the-art of different sustainable energy resources. These articles include ammonia as a renewable energy carrier, integration of solar photovoltaic, and bio-oil from waste tires for automotive engine application. In addition, eight research studies reveal new knowledge about energy for a sustainable future. The topics covered span many diverse areas associated with sustainable energy, including various biofuels, photovoltaic, and other aspects of sustainability. These complementary contributions provide a substantial body of knowledge in the field of Renewable and Sustainable Energy.
    Keywords: heterogeneous catalyst ; hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) ; zinc ; phenol ; bio-oil ; technical ; economic ; institutional ; policy ; pumped hydro storage ; geothermal heat exchangers ; combined arrangement ; operation analysis ; solar home systems ; rural households ; energy transitions ; energy access ; bio-jet fuel ; microwave-assisted transesterification ; RSM ; ANN ; optimization ; coconut oil ; scenario analysis ; scenario generation ; weather influence ; coal decommissioning ; high PV penetration ; energy balance ; CO2 reduction ; urban air quality ; PM2.5 ; PM10 ; particle emission sources ; focus group discussion ; sustainability ; renewable energy development ; Indonesia ; geothermal ; maintenance strategy ; sustainable maintenance ; ABCD procedure ; strategic sustainable development ; transformer failures ; ammonia ; renewable energy storage ; hydrogen storage ; waste tyre ; waste management ; pyrolysis ; automobile engine ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The demand for computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based numerical techniques is increasing rapidly with the development of the computing power system. These advanced CFD techniques are applicable to various issues in the industrial engineering fields and especially contribute to the design of fluid machinery and fluid devices, which have very complicated unsteady flow phenomena and physics. In other words, to aid the rapid development of CFD techniques, the performances of fluid machinery and fluid devices with complicated unsteady flows have been enhanced significantly. In addition, many persistently troublesome problems of fluid machinery and fluid devices such as flow instability, rotor–stator interaction, surging, cavitation, vibration, and noise are solved clearly using advanced CFD techniques.This Special Issue on “CFD-Based Research and Applications for Fluid Machinery and Fluid Devices” aims to present recent novel research trends based on advanced CFD techniques for fluid machinery and fluid devices. The following topics, among others, are included in this issue:- CFD techniques and applications in fluid machinery and fluid devices;- Unsteady and transient phenomena in fluid machinery and fluid devices;- Pumps, fans, compressors, hydraulic turbines, pump turbines, valves, etc.
    Keywords: centrifugal fan ; noise characteristics ; power consumption ; negative pressure ; sound pressure ; mechanical seal ; dynamic characteristics ; extrusion fault ; numerical simulation ; sealing performance ; fluent ; inducer ; step casing ; varying pitch ; cavitating flow and instabilities ; partial similarity principle ; flow similarity ; stability improvement ; multi-condition optimization ; cavitation performance ; artificial neural networks (ANN) ; net positive suction head (NPSH) ; double suction ; cascade ; aerodynamic ; parameterization ; plane cascade design ; incidence angle ; PSO-MVFSA ; optimization ; two-vane pump ; Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) ; Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) ; machine learning ; energy recovery ; pump as turbine ; vortex ; hydraulic losses ; pressure fluctuation ; transient characteristics ; centrifugal pump ; startup period ; solar air heater ; ribs ; Nusselt number ; friction factor ; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations ; thrust coefficient ; power coefficient ; figure of merit ; frozen rotor ; UAV ; octorotor SUAV ; aerodynamic performance ; rotor spacing ; hover ; CFD ; vortices distribution ; shape optimization ; Francis turbine ; fixed flow passage ; flow uniformity ; blade outlet angle ; Sirocco fan ; URANS ; volute tongue radius ; internal flow ; noise ; film cooling ; large eddy simulation ; triple holes ; blowing ratio ; adiabatic film-cooling effectiveness ; proper orthogonal decomposition ; axial compressor ; tip clearance ; flow field ; clearance ; flow function ; gas turbine ; leakage ; pressure ratio ; stepped labyrinth seal ; axial-flow pump ; root clearance radius ; computational fluid dynamics ; entropy production ; energy dissipation ; vortex pump ; lateral cavity ; open-design ; spiral flow ; reactor coolant pump (RCP) ; waviness ; leakage rate ; liquid film ; axial fan ; reversible ; jet ; design ; thrust ; energy characteristics ; mixing ; pitched blade turbine ; impeller ; inverse design method ; matching optimization ; diffuser ; small hydropower ; tubular turbine ; fish farm ; performance test ; design factors ; optimum model ; the mixed free-surface-pressurized flow ; characteristic implicit method ; relative roughness ; vent holes ; optimization control ; microchannel heat sink ; wavy microchannel ; groove ; heat transfer performance ; laminar flow ; multi-objective optimization ; LHS ; full factorial methods ; pump-turbine ; dynamic stress ; start-up process ; vortex generator (VG) ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; cell-set model ; RANS ; LES ; multistage centrifugal pump ; double-suction impeller ; twin-volute ; inducer-type guide vane ; trailing edge flap (TEF) ; trailing edge flap with Micro-Tab ; deflection angle of the flap (αF) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: In recent months, we have suffered the effects of an unexpected global health crisis that has led to an even worse global economic crisis, with GDPs plummeting to unprecedented levels. While our health workers struggle to find a vaccine to protect our health, we have had to live through situations hitherto unimagined, and we have spent even more time in our homes while our streets remained empty, which has brought to light the weaknesses and strengths of our system and our way of building and designing. Our aim is to publish research projects and papers that contribute to reactivate the Construction Sector from within, in the context of this world economic crisis. Such an effort will focus especially on solutions that improve the quality of indoor air in buildings, strengthening the circular economy in an eco-efficient rehabilitation of buildings and neighborhoods in our cities.
    Keywords: patrimony ; tower ; buildings rehabilitation ; eco-sustainable ; sustainable ; town planning ; resource efficiency ; eco-efficient construction solutions ; environmental ; green public procurement ; renovation ; construction ; energy ; circular economy ; innovation ; green ; urban regeneration ; roof refurbishment ; energy performance ; sustainable development goals ; urban design ; neighborhood regeneration ; competition ; architectural education ; indoor environmental quality ; health ; accessibility 2 ; housing typology 3 ; COVID-19 4 ; social isolation 5 ; regulations 6 ; architectural barriers ; energy poverty ; climate change ; life-cycle analysis ; direct and indirect energy ; bill of quantities ; urban realm ; accessibility ; social inclusion ; active aging ; social services ; heritage regeneration ; water mills ; sustainable prefabrication ; local industry ; housing ; optimization ; cool roof ; thermal insulation ; aging effect ; social housing ; life-cycle cost analysis ; city ; indicators ; social gap ; pandemic ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 82
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: New trends in the cereal industry deal with the persistent need to develop new food goods tailored to consumer requirements and, in the near future, to the scarcity of food resources. Concepts of sustainable food production and food products as health and wellness promoters, the use of organic ingredients such as new ancient cereals to produce redesigned old staple foods, or the use of byproducts in designed food or feed formulations, in accordance with the bioeconomy and sustainability principles, are current topics that act as driving forces for innovation. The structure of cereal-based food products, especially in the case of gluten- or wheat-free foods, has proven to be a determinant for food appeal and strongly impacts consumer acceptance. It is well known that products with the same chemical composition can present very different structures, resulting in differently perceived texture and sensory properties and, therefore, rheology is an important tool for the food cereal industries. These are topics that act as driving forces for innovation and will be discussed in the present Special Issue.
    Keywords: legumes enrichment ; galactosides ; phytate ; protease inhibitors ; phenols ; tomato seed flour ; wheat flour ; dough rheology ; microstructure ; gluten-free bread ; yogurt ; rheology ; gluten-free ; rice bread ; tamarind gum ; factorial design ; optimization ; formula ; processing factor ; ball milling ; hydrocolloids ; starch–flour system ; X-ray diffraction ; pasting profile ; viscoelastic properties ; acorn flour ; gluten-free dough ; fibre-rich ingredient ; underexploited resources ; pasting properties ; microalga Tetraselmis chuii ; texture ; colour ; antioxidants ; phenolics ; dynamic oscillatory shear test ; non-isothermal kinetic modeling ; gluten-free cupcake ; red kidney bean ; gluten-free products ; dynamic oscillatory shear measurements ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
    Language: English
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Geothermal energy is a renewable, sustainable, and ecologically friendly resource of energy that can be captured with shallow or deep installations, or a combination of both—alone or integrated with other technologies. It can then be employed for a variety of purposes, for example, electricity generation, space heating and cooling, agriculture, and aquaculture. Given the nature/features of this green energy resource—such as being a local, climate-independent, potentially constant, robust, generally available, resilient, almost greenhouse gas-free, and long-lived energy source—geothermal solutions can and should make a more prominent contribution to the future global energy supply mix, in addition to helping lessen humanity’s environmental footprint and enabling it to attain its sustainable development goals. This Special Issue, “New Trends in Enhanced, Hybrid and Integrated Geothermal Systems”, addresses existing knowledge gaps and aids advance deployment of geothermal energy globally. It consists of eight peer-reviewed papers that cover a range of subjects and applications related to geothermal energy.
    Keywords: tri-generation ; off-design analysis ; ammonia-water solution ; geothermal ; flexible demand production ; optimization ; standing column well (SCW) ; thermal response test ; effective thermal conductivity ; bleeding rate ; thermal conductivity ; balancing well ; coefficient of performance (COP) ; ground heat exchanger ; 3D simulation ; finned U-tube ; external fin ; internal fin ; dynamic simulation ; conventional geothermal ; direct heat use ; Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin ; bottomhole temperatures ; Alberta ; well-doublet system ; sustainability ; disequilibrium ; thermomechanical effects ; chemical coupling ; climate change ; heat transfer ; granite fracture ; flow direction ; enhanced geothermal system ; renewable energy ; geothermal energy ; mature oilfield ; abandoned hydrocarbon well ; wellbore heat exchanger ; Pannonian basin ; geothermal cascade use ; energy efficiency ; wellness and spa facilities ; balneology ; bioclimatic architecture ; passive design strategies ; modular building ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 84
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This second Special Issue connects both the fundamental and application aspects of thermomechanical machines and processes. Among them, engines have the largest place (Diesel, Lenoir, Brayton, Stirling), even if their environmental aspects are questionable for the future. Mechanical and chemical processes as well as quantum processes that could be important in the near future are considered from a thermodynamical point of view as well as for applications and their relevance to quantum thermodynamics. New insights are reported regarding more classical approaches: Finite Time Thermodynamics F.T.T.; Finite Speed thermodynamics F.S.T.; Finite Dimensions Optimal Thermodynamics F.D.O.T. The evolution of the research resulting from this second Special Issue ranges from basic cycles to complex systems and the development of various new branches of thermodynamics.
    Keywords: combined cycle ; inverse Brayton cycle ; regenerative Brayton cycle ; power output ; thermal efficiency ; finite time thermodynamics ; closed simple Brayton cycle ; power density ; ecological function ; multi-objective optimization ; quantum thermodynamics ; quantum circuit ; open quantum system ; isothermal process ; IBM quantum computer ; Stirling refrigerator ; thermodynamic analysis ; numerical model ; imperfect regeneration ; irreversible Lenoir cycle ; cycle power ; heat conductance distribution ; performance optimization ; irreversible Carnot engine ; optimization ; thermodynamics with finite speed ; internal and external irreversibilities ; entropy generation calculation ; thermodynamics in finite time ; irreversible Diesel cycle ; Carnot cycle ; Carnot efficiency ; thermal entropy ; chemical entropy ; mechanical entropy ; thermal exergy ; chemical exergy ; mechanical exergy ; metabolic reactions ; Carnot engine ; Chambadal model ; entropy production action ; efficiency at maximum power ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Renewable energy and clean storage technologies are at the forefront of the world’s fight against climate change, including the UN-led move towards a carbon-neutral society. Because these complex technologies require more ‘critical’ metals and elements than fossil fuel-based technologies, the demands for raw materials in their manufacturing are skyrocketing and are projected to continue to increase into the foreseeable future.With ore grades on a steep decline, huge amounts of low-grade ores will have to be mined and processed to satisfy the world’s current and future demands for ‘critical’ metals and elements. Expansion of mining and mineral processing operations would mean more mining-related wastes—tailings, waste rocks and acid mine drainage (AMD)—notorious for their devastating and long-term destructive impacts on the environment. This Special Issue explored repurposing/reprocessing of tailings and AMD treatment cost reduction as promising alternatives to manage mine wastes more sustainably. It also includes articles on the critical roles of redox conditions and galvanic interactions on mine waste stability, hydrogeochemical controls on waste rock weathering, and climate change impacts on AMD formation in closed mines.
    Keywords: acid mine drainage ; life cycle simulation ; global warming ; earth system model ; RCP2.6 ; RCP8.5 ; copper recovery ; microbial fuel cell ; electricity generation ; microbial community ; secondary materials ; management ; absorption ; precipitation ; mine waste ; drainage ; water quality ; geochemistry ; hydrogeology ; modelling ; contamination ; batch experiments ; lead ; zinc ; immobilization ; remediation ; Kabwe ; Zambia ; abandoned mine ; groundwater flow analysis ; backfilling ; copper slag reprocessing tailings ; geopolymer ; microstructure ; NMR ; iron hydroxide ; iron oxyhydroxide ; nickel ore ; fly ash ; concrete aggregate ; calcite ; goethite ; hematite ; magnetite ; quartz ; scheelite ; fluorite ; depressant ; ferrous sulfate ; selective flotation ; mine water treatment ; milk of lime ; sodium sulfide ; sodium hydroxide ; arsenic-containing tailings ; copper mine tailings ; magnetic susceptibility ; sampling ; metals ; phytoremediation ; heavy metals ; mine tailings ; endemic species ; native species ; alkaline flotation wastewater ; waste rock ; mining waste material ; coal gangue ; red mud ; prevention ; dynamic leaching ; laterite ; alkali-activated ; alumino-silicates ; I-optimal ; response surface methodology ; optimization ; Acidithiobacillus ; biomining ; comparative genomics ; gold processing effluents ; Fe-Al bimetallic particles ; electrochemical reduction ; Cu-sulfide ore ; Nussir ; Ulveryggen ; Røros VMS deposit ; leaching tests ; submarine weathering conditions ; on-land weathering conditions ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Emerging wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors hold the potential to advance the global industry in the same way that, more than 50 years ago, the invention of the silicon (Si) chip enabled the modern computer era. SiC- and GaN-based devices are starting to become more commercially available. Smaller, faster, and more efficient than their counterpart Si-based components, these WBG devices also offer greater expected reliability in tougher operating conditions. Furthermore, in this frame, a new class of microelectronic-grade semiconducting materials that have an even larger bandgap than the previously established wide bandgap semiconductors, such as GaN and SiC, have been created, and are thus referred to as “ultra-wide bandgap” materials. These materials, which include AlGaN, AlN, diamond, Ga2O3, and BN, offer theoretically superior properties, including a higher critical breakdown field, higher temperature operation, and potentially higher radiation tolerance. These attributes, in turn, make it possible to use revolutionary new devices for extreme environments, such as high-efficiency power transistors, because of the improved Baliga figure of merit, ultra-high voltage pulsed power switches, high-efficiency UV-LEDs, and electronics. This Special Issue aims to collect high quality research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on wide bandgap device design, fabrication, and advanced characterization. The Special Issue will also publish selected papers from the 43rd Workshop on Compound Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits, held in France (WOCSDICE 2019), which brings together scientists and engineers working in the area of III–V, and other compound semiconductor devices and integrated circuits.
    Keywords: GaN ; high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) ; ultra-wide band gap ; GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) ; composition-graded AlxGa1−xN electron blocking layer (EBL) ; electron leakage ; GaN laser diode ; distributed feedback (DFB) ; surface gratings ; sidewall gratings ; AlGaN/GaN ; proton irradiation ; time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) ; reliability ; normally off ; power cycle test ; SiC micro-heater chip ; direct bonded copper (DBC) substrate ; Ag sinter paste ; wide band-gap (WBG) ; thermal resistance ; amorphous InGaZnO ; thin-film transistor ; nitrogen-doping ; buried-channel ; stability ; 4H-SiC ; turn-off loss ; ON-state voltage ; breakdown voltage (BV) ; IGBT ; wide-bandgap semiconductor ; high electron mobility transistors ; vertical gate structure ; normally-off operation ; gallium nitride ; asymmetric multiple quantum wells ; barrier thickness ; InGaN laser diodes ; optical absorption loss ; electron leakage current ; wide band gap semiconductors ; numerical simulation ; terahertz Gunn diode ; grooved-anode diode ; Gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) ; vertical breakdown voltage ; buffer trapping effect ; gallium nitride (GaN) ; power switching device ; active power filter (APF) ; power quality (PQ) ; metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistor (MIS-HEMT) ; recessed gate ; double barrier ; high-electron-mobility transistors ; copper metallization ; millimeter wave ; wide bandgap semiconductors ; flexible devices ; silver nanoring ; silver nanowire ; polyol method ; cosolvent ; tungsten trioxide film ; spin coating ; optical band gap ; morphology ; electrochromism ; self-align ; hierarchical nanostructures ; ZnO nanorod/NiO nanosheet ; photon extraction efficiency ; photonic emitter ; wideband ; HEMT ; power amplifier ; jammer system ; GaN 5G ; high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) ; new radio ; RF front-end ; AESA radars ; transmittance ; distortions ; optimization ; GaN-on-GaN ; schottky barrier diodes ; high-energy α-particle detection ; low voltage ; thick depletion width detectors ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The need for constant improvement to reach a high standard of safety and to make nanomaterials accessible for marketing has generated a considerable number of scientific papers that highlight new important aspects to be considered, such as synthesis, stability, biocompatibility, and easy manipulation. In order to provide a comprehensive update on the latest discoveries concerning nanomaterials, this reprint presents 14 scientific papers, 10 research articles and 4 reviews, that deal with biomedical and biotechnological applications of nanomaterials.
    Keywords: neurodegenerative disease ; cerium oxide nanoparticles ; Parkinson’s disease ; oxidative stress ; physicochemical properties ; blood-brain barrier ; synthesis methods ; magnetic driving ; magnetic nanoparticles ; actuation system ; drug targeting ; chitosan ; clay ; nanocomposite films ; papain ; covalent immobilization ; wine ; magnetic gels ; drug release ; magnetic hyperthermia ; magnetic lipogels ; supramolecular hydrogels ; self-assembly ; nanoparticle functionalization ; organic and inorganic nanoparticles ; ophthalmic applications ; clinical trials ; orthopedic ; nanomedicine ; nanomodified surfaces ; animal model ; immune response ; Chlorella vulgaris ; microwave-synthesized magnetite particles ; response surface methodology ; harvesting process optimization ; optimization ; economic analysis ; plant design and process engineering ; cubic particles ; COVID-19 ; nanotechnology ; vaccines ; sanitizers ; biosensors ; restricted access media ; nanofibers ; microfibers ; on-line extraction ; biological samples ; column-switching chromatography ; theranostic nanomaterials ; boron nitride ; neutron capture reaction ; nuclear medicine ; drug delivery ; antibiotics ; antimicrobial resistance ; gold nanoparticles ; ciprofloxacin ; Enterococcus faecalis ; liver and kidney infections ; colorectal cancer ; biomarkers ; cytotoxic medication ; genetic pathways ; epigenetic changes ; prognostic ; phytomedicine ; rheumatoid arthritis ; methotrexate ; anti-arthritic activity ; nanoemulsion ; hemocompatibility ; MTT assay ; stability studies ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: This Special Issue presents extended versions of selected top papers of the Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion (MEDPOWER), held in Dubrovnik in 2018. The 11th Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion (MEDPOWER 2018) was held in Cavtat, Dubrobnik, Croatia, from 12 to 15 November 2018. The conference gathered more than 200 scientists, researchers, and experts from all around the world. A total of 147 oral presentations were held during the conference, with an additional 50 papers presented in special sessions. The top 10 papers have been selected for this Special Issue in Energies, covering a variety of topics from end-user challenges, distribution and transmission network operation and planning, to generation planning and modeling.
    Keywords: balancing market design ; congestion management ; optimization methods ; power system modeling ; multi-agent modelling ; distribution networks ; distributed generation integration ; power system economics ; regulation ; optimisation ; electric vehicle ; forecasting model ; scenario generation ; probabilistic evaluation ; Active distribution systems ; voltage asymmetry ; converter control ; enhanced geothermal systems ; economic assessment ; environmental assessment ; optimization ; levelized cost of energy ; security of supply ; LOLP optimization ; VOLL ; generation expansion planning ; reliability ; phase shifters ; network reduction ; power system operation ; transmission network ; power transfer distribution factor ; NPP Krško ; CILRT ; GOTHIC code ; containment ; mass point method measurement ; weighting factors ; load morphing ; NSGA-II ; smart grid ; grid partition ; multi-objective optimization ; Pareto theory ; forensic investigations ; forensic evidence substation ; wide area monitoring protection and control ; phasor measurement units (PMUs) ; industrial control systems ; sandboxing ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The Special Issue presents information on the progress made in recent years in cereals’, legumes’, and oilseed grain products’ rheology and quality. This Special Issue capitalizes the experience of authors in grain processing for obtaining food products qualitatively improved based on the quality of raw materials used and applied technologies or intended for special nutrition, such as gluten-free one or with low sodium content. This Special Issue also presents some issues related to byproduct valorization through circular economy approaches obtained from the processing of different cereals and oilseeds grains and new methods for rapid assessment of bread quality.
    Keywords: KCl ; NaCl ; rheological properties ; multiple criteria optimization ; desirability functions ; brewer’s spent grain ; bioeconomy ; valuable compounds ; germination process ; legumes ; technological process ; bread quality ; bread ; water content ; Karl Fischer titration ; KFT kinetics ; principal component analysis ; hybrid wheat ; bread-making quality ; N fertilisation ; Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 ; nutritional effects ; gluten-free muffins ; quinoa flour ; particle size ; optimization ; residues ; sustainability ; oil cake ; bioactive compounds ; edible films ; wheat straws ; pretreatment ; hydrolysis ; fermentation ; bioethanol ; wheat ; triticale ; sourdough ; Mixolab ; buckwheat flour ; buckwheat sprouts ; buns ; quality and textural parameters ; sorghum seeds ; whole wheat flour ; Lactobacillus plantarum ; soy protein concentrate ; pea protein concentrate ; texture ; sensory ; craft beer ; gluten-free beer ; functional beer ; adjuvants ; malted cereals ; gluten-free flour ; gram ; plantain ; chickpea ; tiger nut ; pseudo-cereal ; oat ; millet ; teff ; rice ; soybean sprouts ; chitooligosaccharide ; phytochemicals ; antioxidant activity ; catalase ; peroxidase ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: This special issue aims to contribute to the climate actions which called for the need to address Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, keeping global warming to well below 2°C through various means, including accelerating renewables, clean fuels, and clean technologies into the entire energy system. As long as fossil fuels (coal, gas and oil) are still used in the foreseeable future, it is vital to ensure that these fossil fuels are used cleanly through abated technologies. Financing the clean and energy transition technologies is vital to ensure the smooth transition towards net zero emission by 2050 or beyond. The lack of long‐term financing, the low rate of return, the existence of various risks, and the lack of capacity of market players are major challenges to developing sustainable energy systems.This special collected 17 high-quality empirical studies that assess the challenges for developing secure and sustainable energy systems and provide practical policy recommendations. The editors of this special issue wish to thank the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) for funding several papers that were published in this special issue.
    Keywords: industrial energy intensity ; pollution emission intensity ; quantile DID method ; Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei coordinated development ; China ; environmental Kuznets curve ; CO2 emission ; energy efficiency ; economic growth ; panel ARDL ; DEA ; energy transition ; renewables ; hydrogen ; fossil fuels ; emissions ; FDIA ; blockchain ; data exchanging ; under-operating agents ; ISO ; electricity market ; Saudi Arabia ; energy sustainability ; world energy trilemma index ; Bayesian Belief Network ; green technology ; sustainability ; climate change ; Southeast Asia ; energy policy ; high-efficiency ; low-emission ; carbon dioxide emissions ; carbon pricing ; subcritical ; desulphurization ; denitrification ; cost–benefit analysis ; levelized cost of electricity ; energy supply security ; energy dependence ; energy diversity ; business as usual (BAU) ; Alternative Policy Scenarios (APSs) ; clean technologies ; and resiliency ; multi plant firms ; environmental assessment ; local-global performance ; wind energy ; power trade ; counterfactual scenario ; ASEAN ; natural gas ; multi-objective ; goal programming ; optimization ; allocation ; connectivity ; energy infrastructure ; Mekong Subregion ; green bonds ; post-COVID-19 era ; Asia and the Pacific ; green finance ; sustainable development ; thermal energy storage (TES) ; latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) ; circular economy ; environmental sustainability ; life cycle assessment (LCA) ; physico-chemical characterization ; Coats–Redfern model ; flammability ; integral model ; iso-conversional ; wind farm site selection ; multi-criteria decision-making system ; Analytic Hierarchy Process ; Semnan province ; ArcGIS ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book collects research activities focused on the development of new processes to replace obsolete practices that are often highly invasive, unsustainable, and socially unacceptable.Taking inspiration from real problems and the need to face real cases of contamination or prevent potentially harmful situations, the development and optimization of ‘smart’ solutions, i.e., sustainable not only from an environmental point of view but also economically, are discussed in order to encourage, as much as possible, their actual implementation.
    Keywords: water resources ; virtual water trade ; input-output method ; Gansu province ; ecological consumption ; influencing factors ; panel regressions ; ecological footprint ; innovative envelope ; building components ; green roofs ; indoor comfort ; energy consumption ; building modelling ; simulation models ; chitosan ; chromium ; heavy metals ; adsorption ; kinetics ; low-cost adsorbent ; tannery ; ion exchange ; nanobubbles ; contaminated soil ; electrokinetic ; in situ ; remediation ; Spinacia oleracea microbiota ; electrochemically activated solution ; peroxyacetic acid ; sanitization ; 16s rRNA pyrosequencing ; amplicon sequence variants ; alpha diversity ; bacterial community composition ; sedimentation ; drag ; fractal aggregates ; shear-thinning ; non-Newtonian fluids ; suspensions ; numerical simulations ; environmental impact ; waste management ; industrial production ; investment project ; risk evaluation ; multicriterial approach ; production planning ; carbon regulation ; reconditioning ; green logistics ; optimization ; drinking water treatment plant ; advection–diffusion–reaction ; chlorine dosage ; simulator validation ; industrial application ; biodegradation ; dehalogenase-producing bacteria ; haloalkanoic acids ; trichloroacetic acid ; 16S rRNA ; Lysinibacillus ; building energy efficiency ; European environmental brands ; tourism sector ; agritourism ; nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) ; submerged marine debris ; economic valuation ; contingent valuation ; economic benefit ; willingness to pay ; proecological behavior ; circular economy ; environmental management ; survey ; nonparametric methods ; serpentinite ; magnesium oxide ; calcination ; particle size distribution ; specific surface area ; magnesium potassium phosphate matrix ; radioactive waste ; immobilization ; hydrolytic stability ; strength ; pH-neutral electrochemically activated solution ; total bacterial count ; Salmonella Enteritidis ; egg cuticle integrity ; soil remediation ; soil contamination ; greenhouse ; phytoextraction ; mobilizing agents ; photosynthetic efficiency ; photovoltaics ; luminescent dyes ; energy savings ; sustainability ; cork–graphite electrode ; electrochemistry ; lead ; environmental application ; environmental pollution and remediation ; hazardous waste management ; soil and water reclamation ; nanomaterials ; sustainable processes ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Buildings account for more than one-third of the global final energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The building sector offers a significant potential in the transition towards the decarbonisation of societies. To achieve this goal, different concepts and implementations of Net-Zero/Positive Energy Buildings and Districts (NZPEBD) have emerged in the last years and are still in progress. This book is the collection of the articles published in the Special Issue “Net-Zero/Positive Energy Buildings and Districts” of the Buildings journal. This reprint includes 17 research articles covering different aspects of Net-Zero/Positive Energy Buildings and Districts planning, technologies, economics, building design and retrofitting, citizen engagement, and collection of energy data.
    Keywords: energy storage ; hydrogen ; power-to-gas ; reversible solid oxide cell ; optimization ; mixed integer linear programming ; MILP ; microgrid ; PV ; peer to peer ; self-consumption ; energy community ; local market ; PVT ; water-based PVT ; techno-economic analysis ; digital mapping ; seasonal thermal energy storage ; waste incineration ; district heating ; waste heat ; energy retrofit ; heat pump ; CO2 emissions ; building stock ; PED ; energy flexibility ; socioeconomic analysis ; regions ; regulation ; renewable energy ; urban environment ; climatic zones ; gaussian mixture model ; Expectation-Maximization ; urban building energy modeling ; data acquisition ; building optimisation design ; Saharan ; cool climate ; genetic algorithm ; low energy buildings ; spatial ; temporal ; energy use ; smart city ; net‐ and nearly‐zero‐energy buildings ; positive energy communities and districts ; renewable energy integration ; energy flexibility in buildings and communities ; simulation and optimization methods ; practical experience from demo sites ; buildings ; construction ; efficient homes ; energy efficiency ; GHG emissions ; homes ; net-zero energy (NZE) ; NZE building technology ; positive energy districts ; citizen ; cities ; participation ; citizen engagement ; stakeholder engagement ; urban energy transition ; bi-directional grid ; urban photovoltaic systems ; energy communities ; agent based modelling ; techno-economic modelling ; market design ; distributed renewable energy ; characterization ; review ; text mining ; nearly zero-energy building ; container building ; building design ; energy simulation ; climate study ; plus energy buildings ; plus energy districts ; energy sharing ; energy trading ; clean energy package ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Fungal Nanotechnologies (FN) 1 and 2 provide updated and comprehensive information that deals with the green and sustainable production of metal- and organic-based nanostructures by various fungal species. Additionally, intracellular and extracellular mechanisms will be investigated, as well as fungal nanotechnology applications in the biomedical, environmental, and agri-food sectors. FN is still in its infant stage; therefore, many studies should be focused on this area. Plants, animal and humans will benefit greatly from this, and efficient and ecologically friendly approaches should be created.
    Keywords: aflatoxins ; Aspergillus section Flavi ; chitosan ; feeds ; nanocomposites ; fungal nanotechnology ; Trichoderma spp. ; ZnO nanoparticles ; antibacterial activity Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ; co-cultivation ; secondary metabolites ; biotransformation ; biomineralization ; metal oxide nanoparticles ; nanoparticle dissolution ; nanoparticle mobility ; fungal leaching ; ecotoxicity ; nanomaterial ; nanosensors ; phytopathogens ; zinc ; endophytic bacteria ; silver nanoparticles ; Magnaporthe oryzae ; antifungal activity ; oyster mushroom ; application ; antibacterial ; anticancer ; antioxidant ; nanohybrids ; polymer-metal composites ; antifungal ; postharvest ; Fusarium ; synthesis ; nanoparticles ; mechanism ; medicine ; agriculture ; nanofactory ; toxicity ; copper (I) iodide ; composites ; atomic force microscopy ; Vicia faba ; plant disease ; root rot ; R. solani ; Se-NPs ; nano-biosynthesis ; plant promotion ; metal oxides ; nano-fungicides ; pathogenic fungi ; protein profiling ; radical scavenging activity ; resistance ; homeostasis ; fungal–metal interaction ; lichen ; green synthesis ; eco-friendly ; antimicrobial ; MgO-NPs ; optimization ; mosquitocidal and repellence activity ; tannery effluents ; chromium ion ; nanoantifungal ; mycotoxin degradation ; theragnostic ; veterinary ; n/a ; bamboo ; Ag/TiO2 ; visible light photoactivity ; energy storage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Ultra-precision machining is a multi-disciplinary research area that is an important branch of manufacturing technology. It targets achieving ultra-precision form or surface roughness accuracy, forming the backbone and support of today’s innovative technology industries in aerospace, semiconductors, optics, telecommunications, energy, etc. The increasing demand for components with ultra-precision accuracy has stimulated the development of ultra-precision machining technology in recent decades. Accordingly, this Special Issue includes reviews and regular research papers on the frontiers of ultra-precision machining and will serve as a platform for the communication of the latest development and innovations of ultra-precision machining technologies.
    Keywords: fused silica ; small-scale damage ; magnetorheological removing method ; combined repairing process ; evolution law ; diamond grinding ; single crystal silicon ; subsurface damage ; crystal orientation ; spherical shell ; thin-walled part ; wall-thickness ; benchmark coincidence ; data processing ; ultra-precision machining ; computer-controlled optical surfacing ; dwell time algorithm ; removal function ; elementary approximation ; atmospheric pressure plasma jet ; continuous phase plate ; surface topography ; high accuracy and efficiency ; polar microstructures ; optimization ; machining parameters ; cutting strategy ; flexible grinding ; shear thickening fluid ; cluster effect ; high-shear low-pressure ; aluminum ; ion beam sputtering ; morphology evolution ; molecular dynamics ; electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) ; material removal rate (MRR) ; electrode wear ratio (EWR) ; overcut (OC) ; electrical properties ; tool material ; diamond tool ; single-point diamond turning ; lubricant ; ferrous metal ; electrorheological polishing ; polishing tool ; roughness ; integrated electrode ; Nano-ZrO2 ceramics ; ultra-precision grinding ; surface residual material ; surface quality ; three-dimensional surface roughness ; reversal method ; eccentricity ; piezoelectric actuator ; flange ; dynamic modeling ; surface characterization ; cutting forces ; tool servo diamond cutting ; data-dependent systems ; surface topography variation ; microstructured surfaces ; microlens array ; three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting ; piezoelectric hysteresis ; Bouc–Wen model ; flower pollination algorithm ; dynamic switching probability strategy ; parameter identification ; atom probe tomography (APT) ; single-wedge ; lift-out ; focused ion beam (FIB) ; Al/Ni multilayers ; vibration-assisted electrochemical machining (ECM) ; blisk ; narrow channel ; high aspect ratio ; multi-physics coupling simulation ; machining stability ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Increased consumer awareness of the effects of food in preventing nutrient-related diseases and maintaining physical and mental well-being has made nutritional improvement an important goal for the food and beverage industry, including the cereal sector. The Book “Qualitative and Nutritional Improvement of Cereal-Based Foods and Beverages” collects research articles aimed at exploring innovative ways to improve cereal-based foods and beverages; an old—if not ancient—group of products which are still on our table every day. The main directions of research aimed at nutritional improvement have to face either excess or deficiency in the diet. To this end, different strategies may be adopted, such as the reformulation of products, the introduction of functional ingredients, and the application of biotechnologies to increase the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. These interventions, however, can alter the physico-chemical and sensory properties of final products, making it necessary to achieve a balance between nutritional and quality modification. This book offers readers information on innovative ways to improve cereal-based foods and beverages, useful for researchers and for industry operators.
    Keywords: extruded products ; flaxseed ; amaranth ; dietary fiber ; extrusion-cooking ; fortified blended foods (FBFs) ; sensory ; food aid ; extrusion ; cereal ; legume ; infant ; child ; porridge ; sourdough ; fiber ; amino acids ; phenolic compounds ; phytic acid ; pulses ; re-milled semolina ; bread ; pizza ; focaccia ; rheological properties ; reofermentograph ; bioactive compounds ; texture ; sensory profile ; hemp ; chickpea ; milling by-products ; fortified pasta ; lactic acid bacteria ; nutritional value ; antioxidant capacity ; sensory properties ; functional foods ; pigmented wheat ; anthocyanins ; polyphenols ; alpha-amylase inhibition ; anti-inflammatory activity ; Moringa oleifera ; phenolic bioaccessibility ; starch digestion ; slowly digestible starch ; resistant starch ; Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum Desf. ; NaCl ; low-sodium sea salt ; Na+ reduction ; physico-chemical and textural attributes ; sensory evaluation ; inulin ; bakery products ; xanthan gum ; leavening agent ; coffee silverskin ; chemical characterization ; toxicological analysis ; extreme vertices mixture design ; product development ; cereal beverage ; fermentation ; functional ; non-alcoholic ; health benefits ; wholewheat flour ; stone milling ; roller milling ; dough rheology ; djulis ; food quality ; optimization ; Taguchi grey relational analysis ; texture profile analysis ; sensory attributes ; protein energy malnutrition ; insect ; sorghum ; wheat ; cereal-based ready-to-drink beverage ; convenient meal replacement (CMR) ; germinated wheat ; response surface methodology (RSM) ; gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) ; antioxidant properties ; almond skins ; by-product ; upcycling ; biscuits ; health claims ; nutritional composition ; Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) ; fortification ; consumer acceptability ; byproducts ; new quality ; insects ; pasta ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: English
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  • 96
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: In the current scenario in which climate change dominates our lives and in which we all need to combat and drastically reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, renewable energies play key roles as present and future energy sources. Renewable energies vary across a wide range, and therefore, there are related studies for each type of energy. This Special Issue is composed of studies integrating the latest research innovations and knowledge focused on all types of renewable energy: onshore and offshore wind, photovoltaic, solar, biomass, geothermal, waves, tides, hydro, etc. Authors were invited submit review and research papers focused on energy resource estimation, all types of TRL converters, civil infrastructure, electrical connection, environmental studies, licensing and development of facilities, construction, operation and maintenance, mechanical and structural analysis, new materials for these facilities, etc. Analyses of a combination of several renewable energies as well as storage systems to progress the development of these sustainable energies were welcomed.
    Keywords: RE prospects and challenges ; RE regulations and policy ; RE in Bangladesh ; geothermal energy ; induced seismicity ; fault ; Basel ; poroelasticity ; HEM ; PV sizing ; Load scheduling ; Dijkstra Algorithm ; BPSO ; GA ; optimization ; wind farm ; pumped storage ; isolated systems ; power plant efficiency ; compact pigeon-inspired optimization ; maximum short-term generation ; swarm intelligence ; hydroelectric power station ; strategic planning ; site selection process ; offshore wind farms ; geographic information systems ; portfolio analysis ; Greece ; renewable energy ; photovoltaic generation ; battery storage ; reliability evaluation ; Monte Carlo Simulation ; photovoltaics (PV) ; biomass ; off-grid electrification ; feasibility analysis ; cost analysis ; simple payback period ; CO2 emissions ; residential energy-related CO2 emissions ; less developed regions ; urban and rural regions ; LMDI ; Tapio decoupling ; Jiangxi province ; Hybrid energy system ; wind power ; photovoltaic ; hosting capacity ; distribution system ; integrated system ; floating buoy ; offshore structure ; wave energy converter ; non-negative spring stiffness ; renewable–growth hypothesis ; renewable electricity ; economic growth ; renewable manufacturing ; energy–growth nexus ; inverters ; converters ; distributed generators ; utility grid ; hierarchical control ; PHEV ; NEDC ; WLTP ; energy consumption ; NEV credit regulation ; subsidy policy ; frequency control ; power system stability ; variable renewable energy sources ; wind power plants ; photovoltaic power plants ; wave energy converters ; heaving point absorber ; design and performance ; spatial and temporal variation ; emergy ; emergetic ternary diagrams ; sustainability ; environmental loading ; energy systems assessment ; solar updraft tower ; artificial neural network ; principal component analysis ; wave overtopping rate ; photovoltaic spatial planning ; photovoltaic carrying capacity ; influence factors ; optimization strategies ; carrying capacity distribution ; planning adjustment ; renewable energy resources ; grid integrated solar PV systems ; sustainable power generation ; maximum power point tracking ; grid reliability and voltage source converter ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 97
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: The recent global events of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020 have alerted the world to the urgent need to develop fast, sensitive, simple, and inexpensive analytical tools that are capable of carrying out a large number of quantitative analyses, not only in centralized laboratories and core facilities but also on site and for point-of-care applications. In particular, in the case of immunological tests, the required sensitivity and specificity is often lacking when carrying out large-scale screening using decentralized methods, while a centralized laboratory with qualified personnel is required for providing quantitative and reliable responses. The advantages typical of electrochemical and optical biosensors (low cost and easy transduction) can nowadays be complemented in terms of improved sensitivity by combining electrochemistry (EC) with optical techniques such as electrochemiluminescence (ECL), EC/surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and EC/surface plasmon resonance (SPR). This Special Issue addresses existing knowledge gaps and aids in exploring new approaches, solutions, and applications for opto-electrochemical biosensors in the quantitative detection of disease markers, such as cancer biomarkers proteins and allergens, and pathogenic agents such as viruses. Included are seven peer-reviewed papers that cover a range of subjects and applications related to the strategies developed for early diagnosis.
    Keywords: gold nanoparticles ; doxycycline ; tetracycline ; SPR biosensor ; signal amplification ; clinical diagnosis ; microRNA ; electrochemical biosensor ; catalysts ; RedOx indicator ; cancer biomarker ; electrochemical immune platform ; human ST2 ; plasma ; pancreatic cancer ; collagen type I ; 4,4′-thiobisbenzenethiol ; nanogold ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; surface plasmon resonance ; half antibody ; medical diagnostic devices ; peptide ; antifouling ; protease ; biomarker ; bioreceptor ; SARS-CoV-2 detection ; nasopharyngeal swab ; saliva ; serum ; droplets ; amperometric biosensor ; neural esterase ; acetylcholinesterase ; inhibition ; organophosphate ; design ; optimization ; mathematical model ; flux control ; dimensionless ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 98
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Modern agriculture needs to have high production efficiency combined with a high quality of obtained products. This applies to both crop and livestock production. To meet these requirements, advanced methods of data analysis are more and more frequently used, including those derived from artificial intelligence methods. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are one of the most popular tools of this kind. They are widely used in solving various classification and prediction tasks, for some time also in the broadly defined field of agriculture. They can form part of precision farming and decision support systems. Artificial neural networks can replace the classical methods of modelling many issues, and are one of the main alternatives to classical mathematical models. The spectrum of applications of artificial neural networks is very wide. For a long time now, researchers from all over the world have been using these tools to support agricultural production, making it more efficient and providing the highest-quality products possible.
    Keywords: artificial neural network (ANN) ; Grain weevil identification ; neural modelling classification ; winter wheat ; grain ; artificial neural network ; ferulic acid ; deoxynivalenol ; nivalenol ; MLP network ; sensitivity analysis ; precision agriculture ; machine learning ; similarity ; metric ; memory ; deep learning ; plant growth ; dynamic response ; root zone temperature ; dynamic model ; NARX neural networks ; hydroponics ; vegetation indices ; UAV ; neural network ; corn plant density ; corn canopy cover ; yield prediction ; CLQ ; GA-BPNN ; GPP-driven spectral model ; rice phenology ; EBK ; correlation filter ; crop yield prediction ; hybrid feature extraction ; recursive feature elimination wrapper ; artificial neural networks ; big data ; classification ; high-throughput phenotyping ; modeling ; predicting ; time series forecasting ; soybean ; food production ; paddy rice mapping ; dynamic time warping ; LSTM ; weakly supervised learning ; cropland mapping ; apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) ; magnetic susceptibility (MS) ; EM38 ; neural networks ; Phoenix dactylifera L. ; Medjool dates ; image classification ; convolutional neural networks ; transfer learning ; average degree of coverage ; coverage unevenness coefficient ; optimization ; high-resolution imagery ; oil palm tree ; CNN ; Faster-RCNN ; image identification ; agroecology ; weeds ; yield gap ; environment ; health ; crop models ; soil and plant nutrition ; automated harvesting ; model application for sustainable agriculture ; remote sensing for agriculture ; decision supporting systems ; neural image analysis ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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  • 99
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: Functional nutrition is deeply connected with healthy lifestyle and sustainable food production, due to its positive health benefits and the use of economically underexplored and natural raw materials. Expectedly, it appeals to large number of interested consumers while becoming lucrative segment of the food industry with a fast-growing market fueled by new sociodemographic trends. Accordingly, functional juices and beverages made of indigenous fruits are interesting niche for various food market stakeholders. Here, biologically active compounds (BACs) and probiotics that have positive health effects in functional foods (juices) are mostly thermolabile. This is especially important for industry that still employs classical heat treatments (e.g., pasteurization), while being concerned with degradation of food quality in the final products. To prevent this, focus is on designing economic and ecological technologies that are able to preserve nutritional and sensory quality while maintaining microbiological stability in products. Such approaches are based on low-energy consumption and low-impact processing, e.g. “hurdle technology” that combines advanced and conventional methods (e.g., high-power ultrasound, pulse electric field). Food design is another important focus point for consumers’ sensory appeal and economic success of foods. Hence, technologies as 3D food printing can be particularly useful for manufacturing. Based on the above, presented topics are relevant to sustainable functional food production, functional fruit juices, BACs, “hurdle technology,” advanced food processing, 3D food printing, and authentic fruits.
    Keywords: dehydration ; conserving vegetables ; improving shelf-life ; rehydrated pepper ; histological preparation ; green practices ; meat analogue ; liquid additives ; soy protein isolate ; lecithin ; emulsion ; functional fruit juice ; hurdle technology ; non-thermal processing ; preservation ; quality ; probiotic ; fruit by-products ; lulo bagasse powder ; fiber ; antioxidant properties ; carotenoids ; cocoa shell ; high voltage electrical discharge ; tannin ; dietary fiber ; water binding capacity ; grindability ; traditional ; slow ; pressure and microwave cooking ; polyphenols ; antioxidant activity ; faba bean ; lentil ; pea ; probiotic safety ; toxicity ; pathogenicity ; functional food industry ; pharmacological interactions ; functional fruit juices ; mushroom ; vitamin D ; reducing capacity ; glycation ; Lactuca sativa ; metabolomics ; antioxidants ; eustress ; total soluble solids ; particle size distribution ; total anthocyanin content ; antioxidant capacity ; non-dairy beverages ; pulses ; chickpea ; lupin ; flow behavior ; animal and plant proteins ; computer vision system ; nutritional value ; texture ; water activity ; viscosity ; microstructure ; heavy metals ; amino acids ; pesticide ; fruit wastes ; vegetable wastes ; drying ; extraction ; intensification technologies ; phenolic acids ; food processing ; minimally processed foods ; UHLPC-MS/MS ; sous-vide cooking ; vegetables ; seafood ; cephalopods ; safety ; nutritive quality ; beetroot ; convective drying ; infrared drying ; purée ; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy ; confocal scanning microscopy ; fruit juice ; interaction ; drug ; phytochemical ; pharmacokinetics ; ginger ; pineapple ; turmeric ; juice mix ; physicochemical properties ; microbiological quality ; sensory attributes ; Diospyros kaki ; post-harvest losses ; dehydrated persimmon ; thin-layer modeling ; drying rate ; old apple cultivar ; biologically active compounds ; functional food ; agriculture ; extensive farming ; bisphosphonates ; SERMs ; food ; supplements ; bioavailability ; meal ; coffee ; juice ; mineral water ; edible mushroom ; nutrition ; phenolic compounds ; vacuum ; poria cubes ; optimization ; stage drying ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Language: English
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  • 100
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The electrical power system is undergoing a revolution enabled by advances in telecommunications, computer hardware and software, measurement, metering systems, IoT, and power electronics. Furthermore, the increasing integration of intermittent renewable energy sources, energy storage devices, and electric vehicles and the drive for energy efficiency have pushed power systems to modernise and adopt new technologies. The resulting smart grid is characterised, in part, by a bi-directional flow of energy and information. The evolution of the power grid, as well as its interconnection with energy storage systems and renewable energy sources, has created new opportunities for optimising not only their techno-economic aspects at the planning stages but also their control and operation. However, new challenges emerge in the optimization of these systems due to their complexity and nonlinear dynamic behaviour as well as the uncertainties involved.This volume is a selection of 20 papers carefully made by the editors from the MDPI topic “Optimisation, Optimal Control and Nonlinear Dynamics in Electrical Power, Energy Storage and Renewable Energy Systems”, which was closed in April 2022. The selected papers address the above challenges and exemplify the significant benefits that optimisation and nonlinear control techniques can bring to modern power and energy systems.
    Keywords: optimal control ; nonlinear dynamics ; optimization ; nonlinear systems ; nonlinear control ; power systems ; energy storage systems ; renewable energy systems ; renewable energy integration ; smart grids ; microgrids ; electric vehicles ; battery systems ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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