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  • Inorganic Chemistry
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  • 1945-1949
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  • 2020-2024  (1,473)
  • 2015-2019
  • 2010-2014
  • 1965-1969
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: To be competitive, companies must develop capabilities that allow them to react rapidly to market demands. The innovation methods of the past are not adapted to the turbulence of the modern world. In the last decade, increasing globalization of markets and Industry 4.0 have caused profound changes in the best way to manage the innovation process. This e-book includes a collection of thirteen papers that discuss theoretical approaches, case studies, and surveys focused on issues related to open innovation and its mechanisms.
    Keywords: eco-innovation ; cleaner production ; strategy ; performance ; natural resource-based view ; stakeholder theory ; decision making ; forest management ; Nash Bayesian Equilibrium (NBE) ; Harsanyi’s Transformation (HT) ; risk management ; project management ; sustainability ; social network analysis ; collaborative networks ; project lifecycle ; project critical success factors ; open innovation ; predictive model ; project outcome likelihood ; organizational competencies ; innovation ecosystem ; evolutionary economics ; Panarchy ; resilience ; adaptation ; competitiveness ; innovation ; new products ; functional framework ; SIFSNPIP ; case studies ; ecosystem ; organic wine ; Tuscany ; virtual enterprise ; fuzzy logic ; systems engineering ; entrepreneurship ; technopreneurial intentions ; grand challenges ; innovation ecosystems ; mission-oriented innovation ; SDGs ; sustainable innovation ; systematic literature review ; SLR ; transformative innovation ; typology ; architecture engineering and construction (AEC) industry ; building information modelling (BIM) ; cultivation ; Technological Readiness Level ; smart farming ; viticulture ; lean ; business model canvas ; circular economy ; user integration ; cars ; electric vehicles ; biofuels ; logit models ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Metalliferous minerals play a central role in the global economy. They will continue to provide the raw materials we need for industrial processes. Significant challenges will likely emerge if the climate-driven green and low-carbon development transition of metalliferous mineral exploitation is not managed responsibly and sustainably. Green low-carbon technology is vital to promote the development of metalliferous mineral resources shifting from extensive and destructive mining to clean and energy-saving mining in future decades. Global mining scientists and engineers have conducted a lot of research in related fields, such as green mining, ecological mining, energy-saving mining, and mining solid waste recycling, and have achieved a great deal of innovative progress and achievements. This Special Issue intends to collect the latest developments in the green low-carbon mining field, written by well-known researchers who have contributed to the innovation of new technologies, process optimization methods, or energy-saving techniques in metalliferous minerals development.
    Keywords: metallurgical slag-based binders ; solidification/stabilisation ; As(III) ; As(V) ; calcium hydroxide ; sublevel caving ; numerical simulation ; physical model ; structural parameter ; green mining ; limestone ; high temperature ; confining pressure ; SHPB ; constitutive model ; open-pit mine ; PLAXIS 3D ; dynamic load ; safety factor ; acceleration ; particle sedimentation ; filling mining ; degree of influence ; pipeline transportation ; solid waste utilization ; tailings ; reclamation risk ; hazard identification ; complex network ; hazard management ; digital mine ; mine short-term production planning ; haulage equipment dispatch plan ; ABCA ; NSGA ; settlement velocity measurement ; K-means ; tailings backfill ; unsupervised learning ; cemented paste backfill ; ESEM ; picture processing ; floc networks ; pumping agent ; fractal dimension ; backfill slurry ; strength of cemented backfill ; inhomogeneity of cemented backfill ; cemented tailings backfill ; copper ; zinc ; recovery ; sulfide concentrate ; artificial microbial community ; granular backfill ; bearing characteristics ; numerical model ; particle size ; surface subsidence ; blasting dust movement ; dust concentration ; particle size distribution ; blasting dust reduction ; backfill ; metal mine ; log-sigmoid ; tailings pond ; regional distribution ; dam break ; accident statistics ; causation analysis ; backfilling ; increasing resistance and reducing pressure ; computational fluid dynamics ; spiral pipe ; stowing gradient ; coal-based solid waste ; orthogonal experiment ; strength development ; regression analysis ; engineering performance ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: The high importance of free radical chemistry for a variety of biological events, including ageing and inflammation, has attracted considerable interest in understanding the related mechanistic steps at the molecular level. Modelling the free radical chemical reactivity of biological systems is an important research area. When studying free-radical-based chemical mechanisms, biomimetic chemistry and the design of established biomimetic models come into play to perform experiments in a controlled environment, suitably designed to be a similar as possible to cellular conditions. This Special Issue provides readers with a wide overview of biomimetic radical chemistry, where molecular mechanisms have been defined and molecular libraries of products are developed to be used as traces for the discoveries of some relevant biological processes. Several subjects are presented, with five articles and five reviews written by specialists in the fields of DNA, proteins, lipids, biotechnological applications and bioinspired synthesis, with “free radicals” as the common denominator.
    Keywords: guanine ; guanyl radical ; tautomerism ; guanine radical cation ; oligonucleotides ; DNA ; G-quadruplex ; time-resolved spectroscopies ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; oxidation ; catalase mimics ; peroxide ; diiron-peroxo complexes ; structure/activity ; kinetic studies ; biomimetic chemistry ; cysteine ; ketone reduction ; free radicals ; pulse radiolysis ; kinetics ; DNA oxidation ; DNA hole transfer ; molecular dynamics ; quantum dynamics ; electron transfer ; charge transfer ; quantum coherence ; chemiluminescence ; reaction mechanisms ; singlet oxygen ; reactive oxygen species ; light emission ; crosslink ; dimerization ; protein oxidation ; radicals ; di-tyrosine ; di-tryptophan ; disulfides ; thiols ; aggregation ; proteomics ; mass spectrometry ; collagen ; riboflavin ; hyaluronic acid ; EPR spectroscopy ; keratoconus ; STEM ; DNA biosensor ; chemical nucleases ; DNA-drug interaction ; copper complexes ; metallodrugs ; MEP pathway ; antibiotics ; IspH ; LytB ; [4Fe-4S] cluster ; reductive dehydroxylation ; bioorganometallic intermediate ; inhibitors ; methionine ; neighboring group effect ; hydroxyl radical ; triplet state of carboxybenzophenone ; one-electron oxidants ; laser flash photolysis ; peptides ; proteins ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This Special Issue introduces recent research results on MEMS packaging and 3D integration whose subjects can be divided as follow; three papers on biocompatible implantable packaging, three papers on interconnect, three papers on bonding technologies, one paper on vacuum packaging, and three papers on modeling and simulation.
    Keywords: heterogeneous integration ; wafer bonding ; wafer sealing ; room-temperature bonding ; Au-Au bonding ; surface activated bonding ; Au film thickness ; surface roughness ; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) packaging ; inkjet printing ; redistribution layers ; capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUT) ; fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) ; adhesion ; thin film metal ; parylene ; neural probe ; scotch tape test ; FEM ; MEMS resonator ; temperature coefficient ; thermal stress ; millimeter-wave ; redundant TSV ; equivalent circuit model ; S-parameters extraction ; technology evaluation ; MEMS and IC integration ; MCDM ; fuzzy AHP ; fuzzy VIKOR ; fan-out wafer-level package ; finite element ; glass substrate ; reliability life ; packaging-on-packaging ; thermal sensors ; TMOS sensor ; finite difference time domain ; optical and electromagnetics simulations ; finite element analysis ; ultrasonic bonding ; metal direct bonding ; microsystem integration ; biocompatible packaging ; implantable ; reliability ; Finite element method (FEM) ; simulation ; multilayer reactive bonding ; integrated nanostructure-multilayer reactive system ; spontaneous self-ignition ; self-propagating exothermic reaction ; Pd/Al reactive multilayer system ; Ni/Al reactive multilayer system ; low-temperature MEMS packaging ; crack propagation ; microbump ; deflection angle ; stress intensity factor (SIF) ; polymer packaging ; neural interface ; chronic implantation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Symmetry can play an important role in the field of nonlinear systems and especially in the design of nonlinear circuits that produce chaos. Therefore, this Special Issue, titled “Symmetry in Chaotic Systems and Circuits”, presents the latest scientific advances in nonlinear chaotic systems and circuits that introduce various kinds of symmetries. Applications of chaotic systems and circuits with symmetries, or with a deliberate lack of symmetry, are also presented in this Special Issue. The volume contains 14 published papers from authors around the world. This reflects the high impact of this Special Issue.
    Keywords: chaos ; bifurcation ; closed curve equilibrium ; synchronization ; nonlinear equations ; iterative methods ; rotation–translation formula ; symmetric encryption ; chaotic map ; image encryption ; simultaneous confusion and diffusion ; chaotic oscillator ; lyapunov exponents ; poincare map ; integrated circuit ; fpga ; time-delay ; boolean networks ; hidden attractor ; amplitude control ; offset boosting ; cryptography ; substitution box ; postprocessing ; symmetry ; asymmetry ; chaotic system ; random bit generation ; logistic map ; chaos-based cryptography ; entropy ; prediction ; fractional-order ; glucose-insulin system ; chaotic attractor ; active control ; chaos theory ; electrical circuit analysis ; jerk circuit ; Chua’s diode ; system of differential equations ; quantum mechanics ; molecular quantum transitions ; singularity ; dozy chaos ; dozy-chaos mechanics ; charge transfer ; condensed matter ; direct and reverse processes ; optical band shapes ; Egorov resonance ; hyperchaotic behavior ; arduino microcontrollers ; optical channel ; chaotic flow ; hyperbolic sinusoidal function ; voice encryption ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Processing and storage can cause changes and interactions in food components that have effects on nutritional value, organoleptic characteristics or even food safety. This book includes 19 research works showing important and interesting advances, as well as new approaches, in this research topic. Four articles are dedicated to studying the effect of canning conditions (filling media and some ingredients) on the diverse parameters of quality for fish and pet foods. Three articles are devoted to studying the effects of dehydration (pre-treatments and drying procedures). One article is dedicated to monitoring the elaboration of a fermented and dehydrated product (sausage) using a portable NIRS device. The ninth article of this book studies the effect of low-dose electron beam irradiation on cooking quality, moisture migration, and thermodynamics, as well as the digestion properties of the isolated starches in newly harvested and dried rice. The next contribution studies the use of different preservatives to avoid the formation of undesirable volatile organic compounds in stracciatella cheese. Another article examines the impact of source material, kibble size, temperature, and duration on the efficiency of the aqueous extraction of sugars and phenolics from carob kibbles by conventional heat-assisted (HAE) and ultrasound-assisted (UAE) methods. In two articles, marinating with different extracts, alone or combined with other seasoning/conditioning methods, was essayed to tenderize beef or to improve the sensory quality of chicken leg and breast meat. The effect of various cooking methods on the quality, structure, pasting, water distribution and protein oxidation of fish and meat-based snacks is studied in the fourteenth article. The last five articles are dedicated to the study of the effects of storage on several foods (olive oil, blueberry, beetroot and Atlantic mackerel).
    Keywords: Electron Beam Irradiation ; rice ; moisture ; physicochemical properties ; rabbiteye blueberry ; postharvest storage ; firmness ; aroma compounds ; off-odor ; dry-fermented sausages ; near infrared spectroscopy ; portable device ; PLS-DA ; Scomber colias ; prior chilling ; Fucus spiralis ; packaging medium ; canning ; lipid damage ; colour ; trimethylamine ; quality ; carob kibbles ; carob juice ; aqueous extraction ; sugars ; phenolics ; free amino acids ; biogenic amines ; filling medium ; European eels ; stracciatella cheese ; volatile organic compounds ; sensory characteristics ; natural preservatives ; cheese storage ; pineapple by-products ; hydrostatic pressure ; bromelain ; enzyme activity ; marinade ; meat ; texture ; water status and distribution ; microstructure ; secondary structure of protein ; Atlantic mackerel ; saffron quality ; secondary metabolites ; drying ; high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) ; spectrophotometry ; canned eels ; olive oil ; sunflower oil ; oxidation ; antioxidants ; total phenols ; vitamin E ; fresh wet noodles ; humidity-controlled dehydration ; microorganisms ; shelf-life ; noodle quality ; “Rocha” pear ; ultrasound ; microwave ; quality characteristics ; empirical models ; beetroot ; organic farming ; storage ; bioactive compounds ; betalain ; nitrate ; sugar ; phenolic compounds ; total dry matter ; chicken meat ; sensory evaluation ; superheated steam ; marination ; hot smoking ; storage effect ; extra virgin olive oil ; phenols ; sterols ; tocopherols ; temperature ; argon ; freeze-thaw cycles ; anthocyanins ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; aroma profiles ; hot-air drying ; blueberry ; cooking methods ; fish meat snacks ; LF-NMR ; SEM ; protein oxidation ; expressible moisture ; gel ; gum ; heat penetration ; thermally processed ; wet pet food ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) is one of the most important techniques for determining the quality and safety of materials, components, devices, and structures. NDT&E technologies include ultrasonic testing (UT), magnetic particle testing (MT), magnetic flux leakage testing (MFLT), eddy current testing (ECT), radiation testing (RT), penetrant testing (PT), and visual testing (VT), and these are widely used throughout the modern industry. However, some NDT processes, such as those for cleaning specimens and removing paint, cause environmental pollution and must only be considered in limited environments (time, space, and sensor selection). Thus, NDT&E is classified as a typical 3D (dirty, dangerous, and difficult) job. In addition, NDT operators judge the presence of damage based on experience and subjective judgment, so in some cases, a flaw may not be detected during the test. Therefore, to obtain clearer test results, a means for the operator to determine flaws more easily should be provided. In addition, the test results should be organized systemically in order to identify the cause of the abnormality in the test specimen and to identify the progress of the damage quantitatively.
    Keywords: composites ; multi-scale ; embedded damage ; non-destructive testing ; photoacoustic ; ultrasonic representation ; terahertz ; coded-aperture imaging ; convolution neural network (CNN) ; fast image reconstruction ; nondestructive evaluation ; acoustic nonlinearity parameter ; indirect method ; laser ultrasound ; fully non-contact ; surface acoustic wave ; UWB-PPM ; UWB-OOK ; buried objects ; nondestructive environment ; Levenberg–Marquardt method ; textured surface anomaly detection ; computer vision ; deep learning ; attention mechanism ; adaptive fusion ; power quality disturbances ; long short term memory ; convolutional neural network ; short time Fourier transform ; leaky Lamb wave ; semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) ; waveguide sensor ; finite-width plate ; waveguide plate ; width modes ; spatial beating ; Rayleigh–Sommerfeld integral (RSI) ; weld cracks ; eddy current nondestructive testing ; gradiently relative magnetic permeability ; heat affected zone ; austenitic stainless steel ; circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler ; water-cooled wall tube ; magnetic sensor array ; magnetic flux density ; flexible ultrasonic probe ; neutron irradiation embrittlement ; reactor pressure vessel ; magnetic nondestructive evaluation ; micromagnetic multiparameter microstructure and stress analysis 3MA ; magnetic adaptive testing ; 3D imaging of metal grains ; non-destructive testing methods ; stacking images ; SA106 carbon steel ; terahertz waves ; refractive index ; thickness measurement ; Shim stock films ; composite materials ; reflection mode ; neutron radiography ; Bragg-edge imaging ; gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) ; low transformation temperature (LTT) steel ; austenite-to-martensite transformation ; Debye–Waller factor ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue was intended as a forum to advance research and apply machine-learning and data-mining methods to facilitate the development of modern electric power systems, grids and devices, and smart grids and protection devices, as well as to develop tools for more accurate and efficient power system analysis. Conventional signal processing is no longer adequate to extract all the relevant information from distorted signals through filtering, estimation, and detection to facilitate decision-making and control actions. Machine learning algorithms, optimization techniques and efficient numerical algorithms, distributed signal processing, machine learning, data-mining statistical signal detection, and estimation may help to solve contemporary challenges in modern power systems. The increased use of digital information and control technology can improve the grid’s reliability, security, and efficiency; the dynamic optimization of grid operations; demand response; the incorporation of demand-side resources and integration of energy-efficient resources; distribution automation; and the integration of smart appliances and consumer devices. Signal processing offers the tools needed to convert measurement data to information, and to transform information into actionable intelligence. This Special Issue includes fifteen articles, authored by international research teams from several countries.
    Keywords: virtual power plant (VPP) ; power quality (PQ) ; global index ; distributed energy resources (DER) ; energy storage systems (ESS) ; power systems ; long-term assessment ; battery energy storage systems (BESS) ; smart grids ; conducted disturbances ; power quality ; supraharmonics ; 2–150 kHz ; Power Line Communications (PLC) ; intentional emission ; non-intentional emission ; mains signalling ; virtual power plant ; data mining ; clustering ; distributed energy resources ; energy storage systems ; short term conditions ; cluster analysis (CA) ; nonlinear loads ; harmonics, cancellation, and attenuation of harmonics ; waveform distortion ; THDi ; low-voltage networks ; optimization techniques ; different batteries ; off-grid microgrid ; integrated renewable energy system ; cluster analysis ; K-means ; agglomerative ; ANFIS ; fuzzy logic ; induction generator ; MPPT ; neural network ; renewable energy ; variable speed WECS ; wind energy conversion system ; wind energy ; frequency estimation ; spectrum interpolation ; power network disturbances ; COVID-19 ; time-varying reproduction number ; social distancing ; load profile ; demographic characteristic ; household energy consumption ; demand-side management ; energy management ; time series ; Hidden Markov Model ; short-term forecast ; sparse signal decomposition ; supervised dictionary learning ; dictionary impulsion ; singular value decomposition ; discrete cosine transform ; discrete Haar transform ; discrete wavelet transform ; transient stability assessment ; home energy management ; binary-coded genetic algorithms ; optimal power scheduling ; demand response ; Data Injection Attack ; machine learning ; critical infrastructure ; smart grid ; water treatment plant ; power system ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This Special Issue includes contributions about occupants’ sustainable living in buildings and communities, highlighting issues surrounding the sustainable development of our environments and lives by emphasizing smart and green design perspectives. This Special Issue specifically focuses on research and case studies that develop promising methods for the sustainable development of our environment and identify factors critical to the application of a sustainable paradigm for quality of life from a user-oriented perspective. After a rigorous review of the submissions by experts, fourteen articles concerning sustainable living and development are published in this Special Issue, written by authors sharing their expertise and approaches to the concept and application of sustainability in their fields. The fourteen contributions to this special issue can be categorized into four groups, depending on the issues that they address. All the proposed methods, models, and applications in these studies contribute to the current understanding of the adoption of the sustainability paradigm and are likely to inspire further research addressing the challenges of constructing sustainable buildings and communities resulting in a sustainable life for all of society.
    Keywords: sustainability ; regionalism ; climate ; unit plan ; apartment ; Singapore ; Korea ; sustainable architecture ; space syntax ; partitioning theory ; total depth ; intelligibility ; movement economies ; architecture ; building performance simulation ; performance-based design ; agent-based model ; Gaussian process ; electroencephalography ; virtual reality ; monument architecture ; stress ; data visualization ; deep learning ; smart building ; interactive experience ; “five senses” interaction ; people-oriented ; embedding ; recommender system ; collaborative filtering ; housing preference ; housing decision ; human behavior simulation ; virtual users ; social sustainability ; performance analysis ; evaluation method ; architectural design education ; eye tracking ; virtual environment ; street robbery ; CPTED ; crime prevention ; fixation count ; people with physical disabilities ; job retention ; path analysis ; perceived workplace safety ; workplace disability facilities ; work satisfaction ; social housing ; social economy actors ; Seoul ; South Korea ; sustainable development ; sustainable design ; energy efficiency ; public rental housing ; building simulation ; elderly ; biophilia ; biophilic experience ; smart home ; smart-home service ; service framework ; water distribution ; water war ; conflict ; ownership ; divided Cyprus ; blue-collar workers ; intervention study ; health promotion ; cardiovascular disease ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: This book captures advancements in the applications of computational intelligence (artificial intelligence, machine learning, etc.) to problems in the mineral and mining industries. The papers present the state of the art in four broad categories: mine operations, mine planning, mine safety, and advances in the sciences, primarily in image processing applications. Authors in the book include both researchers and industry practitioners.
    Keywords: truck dispatching ; mining equipment uncertainties ; orebody uncertainty ; discrete event simulation ; Q-learning ; grinding circuits ; minerals processing ; random forest ; decision trees ; machine learning ; knowledge discovery ; variable importance ; mineral prospectivity mapping ; random forest algorithm ; epithermal gold ; unstructured data ; blast impact ; empirical model ; mining ; fragmentation ; mine worker fatigue ; random forest model ; health and safety management ; stockpiles ; operational data ; mine-to-mill ; geostatistics ; ore control ; mine optimization ; digital twin ; modes of operation ; geological uncertainty ; multivariate statistics ; partial least squares regression ; oil sands ; bitumen extraction ; bitumen processability ; mine safety and health ; accidents ; narratives ; natural language processing ; random forest classification ; hyperspectral imaging ; multispectral imaging ; dimensionality reduction ; neighbourhood component analysis ; artificial intelligence ; mining exploitation ; masonry buildings ; damage risk analysis ; Bayesian network ; Naive Bayes ; Bayesian Network Structure Learning (BNSL) ; rock type ; mining geology ; bluetooth beacon ; classification and regression tree ; gaussian naïve bayes ; k-nearest neighbors ; support vector machine ; transport route ; transport time ; underground mine ; tactical geometallurgy ; data analytics in mining ; ball mill throughput ; measurement while drilling ; non-additivity ; coal ; petrographic analysis ; macerals ; image analysis ; semantic segmentation ; convolutional neural networks ; point cloud scaling ; fragmentation size analysis ; structure from motion ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: The first experiments on electron scattering were completed before the “official” discovery of this particle by J. J. Thomson. In spite of this, our knowledge of cross sections is still far from complete.More recent experiments had some unexpected results, like selective fragmentation of DNA constituents by low-energy electrons, or “reverse” phenomena, i.e., synthesis of simple amino acids from inorganic precursors, triggered by slow electrons. The most recent need for cross sections comes from modeling plasmas for industrial and thermonuclear applications, and atmospheres of solar and extra-solar planets.Both fundamental research (experiments, theory, reviews) and applications of electron-scattering cross sections in various processes are welcome.
    Keywords: ionization ; electron ; positron ; few body ; electron scattering ; integral cross sections ; alcohols ; isomeric effect ; butanol ; pentanol ; electron mobility ; multiple-scattering effects ; disordered systems ; weak localization ; electron and positron scattering ; spin asymmetry ; critical minima ; total polarization ; coulomb glory ; water ; vibrational excitation ; R-matrix ; electron-molecule collisions ; interstellar medium ; model potential ; wave-packet propagation ; vibrational cross-section ; backscattering ; electron optics ; inelastic collisions ; numerical simulations ; electron ionization ; electron capture ; helium droplets ; cross section ; MCDF wavefunctions ; wavelengths ; transition rates ; relativistic distorted wave method ; cross sections ; rate coefficients ; ionizing radiation ; dissociative electron attachment ; mass spectrometry ; DNA damage ; cross-section calculations ; plasma simulation ; electron atomic collisions ; ionization cross section ; approximation of cross sections ; alkali metals ; noble gases ; electron elastic scattering ; scattering cross-sections ; positron scattering ; total cross-sections ; dispersion relation ; electron scattering cross sections ; electron transport in gases ; electron track simulation ; positron impact ionization ; positron-molecule scattering ; binary-encounter-Bethe ; argon optical emission spectroscopy ; plasma processing ; coronal models ; collisional-radiative model ; nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium plasmas ; population kinetics ; radiation transport ; opacity effects ; Non-Maxwellian plasmas ; metastable states ; electron-impact ionization ; BEB approach ; elementary processes in plasmas ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book is motivated by our passion to compile recent research on antimicrobial surfaces. We aimed to assemble research papers on the preparation of new materials, antimicrobial testing using different pathogens (bacteria, fungi, and viruses), and the relationship between the coating nanostructure and its reactivity towards the studied pathogen(s). We believe that a good antimicrobial coating should by characterized by (i) a fast activity towards the pathogen, (ii) sustainable activity based on the stability of the coating, and (iii) the lowest possible toxicity for humans and reduced risks for the environment. Striking a compromise between these different challenges is difficult and requires more research.
    Keywords: active packaging ; chitosan ; methylcellulose ; natamycin ; antimicrobial action ; quaternary ammonium groups ; acrylic acid ; glycidyl methacrylate ; crosslinking reaction ; coating ; edible films ; edible coatings ; antimicrobial agents ; fresh fish ; spoilage ; shelf-life ; black anther disease ; orchid cut flower ; silver nanoparticles ; antifouling efficacy ; flow-through ; triangular box ; Amphibalanus amphitrite ; cuprous oxide ; dynamic aging ; repellant activity ; raft experiment ; bioassay ; biofouling of ships’ hull ; polypropylene ; hernia meshes ; antibacterial ; drug release ; polydopamine ; antimicrobial ; citric acid ; cross-linked ; cold plasma ; antimicrobial activity ; brilliant green ; crystal violet ; demethylation ; lignin ; polyurethane coatings ; triphenylmethane dyes ; 3D printing ; catheters ; dialysis ; extrusion ; infections ; manufacturing ; infection ; coatings ; silver ; nanomaterials ; plasma deposition ; titanium-based thin films ; copper ; magnetron sputtering ; super-elastic coatings ; E. coli inactivation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Third millennium engineering address new challenges in materials sciences and engineering. In particular, the advances in materials engineering combined with the advances in data acquisition, processing and mining as well as artificial intelligence allow for new ways of thinking in designing new materials and products. Additionally, this gives rise to new paradigms in bridging raw material data and processing to the induced properties and performance. This present topical issue is a compilation of contributions on novel ideas and concepts, addressing several key challenges using data and artificial intelligence, such as:- proposing new techniques for data generation and data mining;- proposing new techniques for visualizing, classifying, modeling, extracting knowledge, explaining and certifying data and data-driven models;- processing data to create data-driven models from scratch when other models are absent, too complex or too poor for making valuable predictions;- processing data to enhance existing physic-based models to improve the quality of the prediction capabilities and, at the same time, to enable data to be smarter; and- processing data to create data-driven enrichment of existing models when physics-based models exhibit limits within a hybrid paradigm.
    Keywords: plasticity ; machine learning ; constitutive modeling ; manifold learning ; topological data analysis ; GENERIC ; soft living tissues ; hyperelasticity ; computational modeling ; data-driven mechanics ; TDA ; Code2Vect ; nonlinear regression ; effective properties ; microstructures ; model calibration ; sensitivity analysis ; elasto-visco-plasticity ; Gaussian process ; high-throughput experimentation ; additive manufacturing ; Ti–Mn alloys ; spherical indentation ; statistical analysis ; Gaussian process regression ; nanoporous metals ; open-pore foams ; FE-beam model ; data mining ; mechanical properties ; hardness ; principal component analysis ; structure–property relationship ; microcompression ; nanoindentation ; analytical model ; finite element model ; artificial neural networks ; model correction ; feature engineering ; physics based ; data driven ; laser shock peening ; residual stresses ; data-driven ; multiscale ; nonlinear ; stochastics ; neural networks ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue provides an insight, collated from 26 articles, focusing on various aspects of the Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration (FFPLA) concept and its application. It presents some influential and innovative trends and recommendations for designing, implementing, maintaining and further developing Fit-For-Purpose solutions for providing secure land rights at scale. The first group of 14 articles is published in Volume One and discusses various conceptual innovations related to spatial, legal and institutional aspects and its wider applications within land use management. The second group of 12 articles is published in Volume Two and focuses on case studies from various countries throughout the world, providing evidence and lessons learned from the FFPLA implementation process.
    Keywords: complete cadastre ; legal element ; fixing boundary ; eligible landowner ; agreement ; boundary marker ; fit-for-purpose land administration (FFP LA) ; violent conflict ; United Nations ; extra-legal ; transitional justice ; peace building ; land governance ; power relations ; securing land rights ; land registration ; development impacts ; fit-for-purpose land administration ; land administration ; decentralization ; India ; fit-for-purpose ; institutions ; governance ; politics ; Amazon ; deforestation ; Fit-For-Purpose land administration ; participatory mapping ; indigenous land conflict ; Cumaribo ; Colombia ; community-based land adjudication ; components of adjudication ; land tenure ; land rights ; good practices ; updating land records ; systematic land registration ; unconventional approach ; case study ; Benin ; cadaster ; land administration domain model ; LADM ; cadastre ; FFPLA ; customary tenure ; land inventory ; land management ; mobile-based applications ; pro-poor ; land surveying ; tenure security ; land rights and tenure ; fit-for-purpose approach ; human rights ; design science research ; design thinking ; fit for purpose ; spatial data quality ; spatial data quality assurance ; maintenance ; update ; upgrade ; upkeep ; renewal ; data quality ; spatial framework ; STDM ; technology ; UAV ; feature extraction ; rapid urbanization ; climate change ; pandemic ; urban resilience ; spatial ; legal ; and institutional frameworks ; land tenure security ; pro-poor land recordation ; land governance reform ; cost effectiveness ; innovative technology ; case studies ; Uganda ; customary land tenure ; land recordation tools ; semantic technologies ; land information system ; fit-for-purpose land management ; aerial and street level imagery ; machine learning ; integrated land programs ; land policy ; pilot study ; informal settlements ; urban development ; Brazil ; community-based crowdsourcing ; SiGIT ; Ecuador ; land and resources rights ; public-private partnerships ; corporate social responsibility ; poverty reduction ; business driven solutions ; social enterprises ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The fundamentals of mechanical system dynamics were established before the beginning of the industrial era. The 18th century was a very important time for science and was characterized by the development of classical mechanics. This development progressed in the 19th century, and new, important applications related to industrialization were found and studied. The development of computers in the 20th century revolutionized mechanical system dynamics owing to the development of numerical simulation. We are now in the presence of the fourth industrial revolution. Mechanical systems are increasingly integrated with electrical, fluidic, and electronic systems, and the industrial environment has become characterized by the cyber-physical systems of industry 4.0. Within this framework, the status-of-the-art has become represented by integrated mechanical systems and supported by accurate dynamic models able to predict their dynamic behavior. Therefore, mechanical systems dynamics will play a central role in forthcoming years. This Special Issue aims to disseminate the latest research findings and ideas in the field of mechanical systems dynamics, with particular emphasis on novel trends and applications.
    Keywords: tire model ; tire temperature ; FSAE vehicle ; rolling bearing ; rigid rotor ; internal radial clearance ; number of rolling elements ; vibration ; varying compliance vibration ; ball passage frequency ; load ; trucks ; handling stability ; lightweight ; taper-leaf spring ; suspension ; step steer ; motorcycle tires ; thermal modeling ; performance optimization ; real-time simulations ; conveyor ; friction ; rolling ; non-linear simulation ; fractal derivative ; viscoelastic models ; polymers ; bicycle ; mountain bike ; tire tread pattern ; force and moment ; e-bike ; tyre ; dynamics ; active rear axle independent steering (ARIS) system ; hierarchical synchronization control ; virtual coupling control ; linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) ; computational fluid dynamics ; fluid sloshing ; table cart method ; zero moment point ; rider ; body segment inertial parameters ; biomechanics ; human body ; motorcycle ; multibody ; robot ; compliance ; machining ; modes of vibration ; impulsive testing ; dynamic parameter identification ; dynamic parameters ; parallel kinematics ; parallel robot ; parallel manipulator ; varying friction ; valve train ; coupled approach ; NVH ; vibration energy control ; multi-physics mechanism theory ; non-linear stiffness ; isolation ; hydraulic system ; magnetic spring ; articulated vehicle ; hydraulic steering system ; directional stability ; deformable soil ; tracked vehicle ; contact model ; two-wheeler ; vehicle dynamic modelling ; wobble ; weave ; fork bending compliance ; rider influence ; ADAS ; driver model ; load cell ; steering wheel ; cable robots ; motion planning ; cable failure ; recovery strategy ; roller chain ; chain efficiency ; sliding friction ; lateral offset ; damping force ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: The articles in this Special Issue cover a very wide range of topics related to the cultivation, management and use of fast-growing tree species. In addition to research on breeding and on the influence of pruning practices on the height growth of paulownia, three articles deal with the influence of site characteristics and nutrient availability on the physiology and yield security of fast-growing tree species. Another article focuses on the modeling of soil carbon in Salix plantations, while the article by Boruszewski et al. reports on potentially suitable areas for the planting of fast-growing tree species in Poland. Zitzmann and Rode examine the impact of short-rotation plantation management on phytodiversity, while Helbig et al. deal with the influence of leaf feeding on the growth of poplars and willows. Finally, Hernandez-Estrada et al. describe the dry matter loss of poplar wood chips during storage.
    Keywords: woody biomass crops ; bioenergy ; biodiversity ; species richness ; flora ; vascular plants ; short rotation coppices ; poplars ; willows ; feeding simulation ; defoliation ; herbivory ; short rotation coppice ; phosphatase activity ; nutrient content ; growth stages ; biomass ; willow ; Salix ; capacity ; European larch ; fast-growing trees ; plantations ; plantation area ; poplar cultivar “Hybrid 275” ; sown area ; biomass production ; life cycle assessment ; climate impact ; soil organic carbon ; genotypic difference ; CRISPR/Cas9 ; genome editing ; Populus ; INRA 717-1B4 ; pyramidal plant habitus ; leaf petiole angle ; branch angle ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; carbon ; physiology ; F. mandshurica ; Robinia pseudoacacia L. ; photosynthetic vitality ; chlorophyll and phenol content ; nutrition supply ; dry matter yield ; land reclamation ; spring pruning ; year-long pruning ; branching ; angle diversion of sprout ; dry matter losses ; poplar wood chips ; laboratory scale ; cultivable saproxylic microbiota ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAL Forestry & related industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Today, the flow of electricity is bidirectional, and not all electricity is centrally produced in large power plants. With the growing emergence of prosumers and microgrids, the amount of electricity produced by sources other than large, traditional power plants is ever-increasing. These alternative sources include photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), geothermal, and biomass renewable generation plants. Some renewable energy resources (solar PV and wind turbine generation) are highly dependent on natural processes and parameters (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, solar irradiation, humidity, etc.). Thus, the outputs are so stochastic in nature. New data-science-inspired real-time solutions are needed in order to co-develop digital twins of large intermittent renewable plants whose services can be globally delivered.
    Keywords: self-healing grid ; machine-learning ; feature extraction ; event detection ; optimization techniques ; manta ray foraging optimization algorithm ; multi-objective function ; radial networks ; optimal power flow ; automatic P2P energy trading ; Markov decision process ; deep reinforcement learning ; deep Q-network ; long short-term delayed reward ; inter-area oscillations ; modal analysis ; reduced order modeling ; dynamic mode decomposition ; machine learning ; artificial neural networks ; steady-state security assessment ; situation awareness ; cellular computational networks ; load flow prediction ; contingency ; fuzzy system ; change detection ; data analytics ; data mining ; filtering ; optimization ; power quality ; signal processing ; total variation smoothing ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: During cell metabolism, oxygen is partially reduced to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a physiological role in cellular processes. However, an imbalance between the production of ROS and the ability of defenses to detoxify the organism provokes oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and its subsequent damages to vital cellular components have been associated with numerous severe chronic disorders. In addition, oxidation reactions are responsible for food deterioration during processing and storage. Peptides from animal and vegetal food sources have attracted attention due to the large evidence of their in vitro antioxidant properties. In addition to their potential as safer alternatives to synthetic antioxidants used to prevent oxidative reactions in foods, antioxidant peptides can also act by reducing the risk of numerous oxidative stress-associated diseases. Furthermore, peptides can act synergistically with nonpeptide antioxidants, enhancing their protective effect. This Special Issue of the Foods journal includes outstanding papers illustrating examples of the most recent advances on antioxidant peptides from both vegetal and animal sources. The existing data on their bioactivities demonstrated by in silico, in vitro, and animal models are included as well as the mechanisms of action of identified antioxidant peptides.
    Keywords: food peptides ; reactive oxygen species ; antioxidant enzymes ; whey protein hydrolysate ; hydrolysis condition ; food antioxidant ; ORAC ; cellular ROS ; HepG2 ; peptides ; egg white ; egg yolk ; antioxidant peptides ; sarcopenia ; whey protein ; muscle ; C2C12 ; aged animals ; older adult ; exercise ; bioactive peptides ; animal protein ; multifunctionality ; antioxidant activity ; in silico ; cell models ; fruit residues ; antioxidant ; extraction ; albumin ; albumin peptide ; antioxidant peptide ; bioactive peptide ; mung bean ; mung bean albumin ; peptide sequencing ; Vigna radiata ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book presents the advances in plant salinity stress and tolerance, including mechanistic insights revealed using powerful molecular tools and multi-omics and gene functions studied by genetic engineering and advanced biotechnological methods. Additionally, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in the improvement of plant salinity tolerance and the underlying mechanisms and progress in breeding for salinity-tolerant rice are comprehensively discussed. Clearly, the published data have contributed to the significant progress in expanding our knowledge in the field of plant salinity stress and the results are valuable in developing salinity-stress-tolerant crops; in benefiting their quality and productivity; and eventually, in supporting the sustainability of the world food supply.
    Keywords: watermelon ; salt stress ; RNA-seq ; amino acids ; endocytosis ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; halophyte ; high-affinity potassium transporter (HKT) ; Na+ transporter ; salt tolerance ; Sporobolus virginicus ; aquaporins ; barley ; ion transport ; oocytes ; plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) ; GmbZIP15 ; transcription factor ; drought stress ; soybean ; biotechnology breeding ; high-throughput sequencing ; QTLs ; rice ; halophytic wild barley ; salinity ; osmotic stress ; metabolome ; transcriptome ; ionome ; stress adaptation ; Hordeum marinum ; aquaporin ; Zygophyllum xanthoxylum ; plant growth ; abiotic stress ; sensing ; signaling ; transcription factors ; osmoregulation ; antioxidation ; ion homeostasis ; jasmonates ; jasmonate signaling pathway ; crosstalk ; exogenous jasmonate applications ; GWAS ; PGPR ; ACC deaminase ; seed priming ; IAA ; cell wall integrity ; cell wall sensor ; LRXs ; CrRLK1Ls ; Millettia pinnata ; calmodulin-like ; heterologous expression ; halophiles ; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) ; RNA sequence analysis (RNA-seq) ; quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: In recent years, new and emerging digital technologies applied to food science have been gaining attention and increased interest from researchers and the food/beverage industries. In particular, those digital technologies that can be used throughout the food value chain are accurate, easy to implement, affordable, and user-friendly. Hence, this Special Issue (SI) is dedicated to novel technology based on sensor technology and machine/deep learning modeling strategies to implement artificial intelligence (AI) into food and beverage production and for consumer assessment. This SI published quality papers from researchers in Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Spain, and Mexico, including food and beverage products, such as grapes and wine, chocolate, honey, whiskey, avocado pulp, and a variety of other food products.
    Keywords: sensory ; physicochemical measurements ; artificial neural networks ; near infra-red spectroscopy ; wine quality ; machine learning modeling ; weather ; consumer acceptance prediction ; data fusion ; emotion recognition ; facial expression recognition ; galvanic skin response ; machine learning ; neural networks ; sensory analysis ; avocado ; cultivars ; preference mapping ; sensory evaluation ; sensory descriptive analysis ; consumer science ; unifloral honeys ; botanical origin ; physicochemical parameters ; classification ; natural language processing ; deep learning ; sensory science ; flavor lexicon ; long short-term memory ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: As an important tool of systems biology, proteomics has enabled a deep understanding of different plant processes and functions. Complemented with genomic data, computational tools, and improved sample preparation strategies, proteomics has an unprecedented opportunity to characterize plant proteoforms in high spatial and temporal resolution. This special issue of Plant Proteomic Research 4.0 captures the recent advancements in proteomics and addresses the current challenges of plant stress response and resilience in the ever-changing climate. It contains 12 articles, including three reviews and nine original research articles. The three reviews deal with pollen phosphoproteomics, starch biosynthesis-related proteins and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in rice developing seeds, and PTMs of waxy proteins in rice grain. The nine research articles include three related to temperature, two on water stress, two on salt stress, one on fungal pathogen, and the last one on field-grown potato apoplast proteome. The articles reflect the current frontiers of plant proteomics, focusing on themes of environmental stresses, proteoforms/PTMs, crop species, and new development in data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. They provide readers insights into current technologies, their utility in understanding plant growth and resilience, as well as directions of proteomics in the frontiers of systems biology and synthetic biology.
    Keywords: peptide markers ; Quercus ilex ; drought tolerance ; targeted post-acquisition proteomics ; plant pathogenesis responses ; quantitative proteomics ; data-independent acquisition ; Phytophthora infestans ; waxy ; amylose ; posttranslational modification ; GBSSI ; rice ; wheat ; salt stress ; physiological characteristics ; ER proteome ; label-free quantitation ; starch biosynthesis ; proteomics ; starch functionality ; cooking and eating quality ; Mesembryanthemum crystallinum ; McHB7 ; transcription factor ; late embryogenesis abundant ; Arabidopsis ; seed germination ; metabolomics ; heat-stable proteome ; dehydrins ; LEA transcripts ; intrinsically disordered proteins ; floral thermogenesis ; Nelumbo nucifera ; DIA-based quantitative proteomics ; time series analysis ; protein-protein interaction network ; WGCNA ; mutant soybean ; flooding ; glycoprotein folding ; fermentation ; cell death ; rice endosperm ; phosphorylation ; high temperature ; sucrose and starch metabolism ; ABPP ; apoplast ; serine hydrolases ; β-glycosidases ; potato ; field-omics ; phosphoproteomics ; pollen tube ; male gametophyte ; root hair ; signal transduction ; kinase motif ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Studies in the fields of bilingualism and second language acquisition have shown that both cognitive and affective psychological factors can influence individuals’ bilingual speech production. More recently, both experimental and variationist studies of bilingual communities have examined the role of social factors on bilinguals’ speech, particularly in cases of long-term language contact and minority-language bilingualism. The Special Issue brings together work on the psychological and/or social factors that influence bilingual speech production as well as work that uses different methodological frameworks. We examine the role of such factors on bilingual speech production in diverse contexts, in order to provide a more holistic account of the ways in which extra-linguistic influences may affect bilinguals’ speech in one or both of their languages.
    Keywords: new speakers ; accent identification ; sociolinguistic awareness ; bilingual speech processing ; Galician phonetics ; minority languages ; first language attrition ; second language acquisition ; sequential bilingualism ; voice onset time ; vowel formants ; speech development ; English ; (Austrian) German ; phonetics ; maternal acculturation ; maternal enculturation ; speech sound production ; Spanish-English bilingual preschoolers ; speech production ; accent ; pronunciation ; minority language bilingualism ; global foreign accent ; accent rating ; heritage language ; majority language ; preschool children ; school children ; Russian ; German ; language variation ; bilingualism ; phonological transfer ; Welsh ; Welsh English ; VOT ; Portuguese ; L1 attrition ; speech ; code-switching ; Austrian German ; phonetic drift ; apocope ; vowel centralization ; vowel reduction ; variationist sociolinguistics ; Calabrese ; Italian ; length of residence ; foreign domestic helper ; foreign accent ; naturalistic adult acquisition ; L2 speech performance ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book has focused on novel developments and advancements in the field of heterogeneous catalysis with the aim of greenhouse gas reduction. The book determines whether carbon dioxide is a crisis or an opportunity, as well as its conversion into useful products such as synthesis gas. Moreover, the selective catalytic removal of nitrogen oxides is also presented.
    Keywords: Al2O3 ; CO2 reforming ; La2O3 ; CH4 ; ZrO2 ; perovskites ; strontium ; cerium ; hydrogen ; sintering ; carbon deposition ; BiF3 nanostructure ; POP composite ; photocatalyst ; Rz ink ; CO2 ; stability ; H-ZSM-5 ; greenhouse gas reduction ; CeO2 ; MgO ; dry reforming ; heterogeneous catalysis ; in situ XRD ; carbon dioxide (CO2) ; carbon monoxide (CO) ; CO2 feedstock ; methanation ; catalyst ; catalysis ; photocatalysis ; Power-to-Gas ; catalyst design ; heterogenous catalysts database ; ceramic foams ; ZnO nanorods ; TiO2 nanorods ; NOx mitigation (deNOx) ; environmental nanocatalysis ; selective catalytic reduction SCR ; W and V catalytic sites ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: Novel Specialty Optical Fibers and Applications focuses on the latest developments in specialty fiber technology and its applications. The aim of this reprint is to provide an overview of specialty optical fibers in terms of their technological developments and applications. Contributions include:1. Specialty fibers composed of special materials for new functionalities and applications in new spectral windows.2. Hollow-core fiber-based applications.3. Functionalized fibers.4. Structurally engineered fibers.5. Specialty fibers for distributed fiber sensors.6. Specialty fibers for communications.
    Keywords: optical amplifiers ; doped fiber amplifiers ; near-infrared ; molecular gas spectroscopy ; photothermal spectroscopy ; heterodyne detection ; specialty fiber ; anti-resonant effect ; hollow structure ; sensing applications ; orbital angular momentum ; optical fiber ; fiber mode crosstalk ; vortex mode generator ; fiber optics ; plasmonic gratings ; nanodot ; light collection ; hollow-core fibers ; anti-resonant hollow-core fibers ; tapered fibers ; fiber gas lasers ; fiber end cap ; SiO2-Au-TiO2 heterostructure ; long-range surface plasmon resonance ; microstructured optical fiber ; fiber sensor ; photonic crystal fibers ; fiber lasers ; stimulated Raman scattering ; gas Raman lasers ; specialty fibers ; Brillouin optical time domain analysis ; BOTDA ; distributed fiber sensor ; photonic crystal fiber ; strain and temperature sensing ; liquid crystal ; dual-core photonic crystal fiber ; polarization beam splitter ; extinction ratio ; polarization filter ; surface plasmon resonance ; gold-coated ; crosstalk ; mid-infrared (mid-IR) ; chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) ; optical microfibers (MFs) ; supercontinuum (SC) ; molecular sensing ; Raman spectroscopy ; capillary-based hollow core fibers ; hollow core photonic crystal fiber ; detection ; distributed acoustic sensing ; DAS ; scattering enhancement fiber ; fiber-optic sensors ; few-mode fiber ; microfiber ; Mach–Zehnder interferometer ; critical wavelength ; multicore fiber ; fiber Bragg grating ; long period grating ; fiber grating sensors ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Dear Colleagues, The rapidly changing field of medicine and healthcare is increasingly adopting scientific and technological innovations, making interdisciplinary collaborations especially important. In this context, medical disciplines are becoming increasingly interlinked with other specialities and fields. A more interdisciplinary approach to the patient is needed, especially for complex patients with numerous comorbidities, most of whom are usually elderly and fragile. The greatest challenges to human health lie at the intersection of different medical fields. An interdisciplinary medical team is increasingly necessary with the rapid expansion of medical knowledge. Given the importance of interdisciplinarity in the field of medicine and research, the international journal Medicina-Lithuania has launched this Special Issue. The Special Issue has attracted the interest of different groups of researchers, and very interesting articles from different countries. Reviews or original articles dealing with interdisciplinary medical problems, as well as articles providing an up-to-date overview of the diagnostic protocols and treatments for patients with multiple comorbidities have been published. I thank all the authors for sharing their research and wish all readers a fruitful and stimulating read! Assoc. Prof. Dr. Camelia DIACONU Guest Editor
    Keywords: ectopic kidney ; locally advanced cervical cancer ; nephrectomy ; skin cancer ; squamous cell carcinoma ; basal cell carcinoma ; malignant melanoma ; surgery ; quality of life ; breast reconstruction ; timing ; mastectomy ; adjuvant therapy ; fertility preservation ; cryo-preservation ; vitrification ; breast cancer ; dietary attitude ; type 2 diabetes mellitus ; diabetes self-management ; empowerment approach ; dietary behavior ; early stage ; ovarian cancer ; para-aortic lymph node metastases ; synchronous malignancies ; cervical adenocarcinoma ; serous ovarian adenocarcinoma ; PSFT ; resection ; pulmonary adenocarcinoma ; Krukenberg tumors ; ureteral stenosis ; chronic kidney disease ; preeclampsia ; hypertension ; proteinuria ; type 2 diabetes ; hemoglobin A1c ; matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 ; anti-elastin antibodies ; anti-collagen IV antibodies ; diabetic retinopathy ; diabetic nephropathy ; macrovascular complications ; nephrotic syndrome ; thrombosis ; inherited risk factors ; mutation ; anticoagulation ; medical malpractice ; doctor–patient relationship ; communication ; complications ; diagnostic error ; preventive measures ; retrospective study ; children ; self-medication ; risks ; beliefs ; Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome ; primary amenorrhea ; surgical management ; vaginal reconstruction ; plastic surgery ; oral graft versus host disease ; topical corticosteroids ; dexamethasone ; clobetasol ; budesonide ; tuberous sclerosis ; angiomyolipomatosis ; uretero-hydronephrosis ; angiofibromas ; VCAM-1 ; E-selectin ; psoriasis ; methotrexate ; adalimumab ; colosalpingeal fistula ; enterotubal fistula ; diverticular fistulation ; diagnosis ; hysteroscopy management ; pregnancy-associated breast cancer ; Romania ; primary ; pleural ; hydatidosis ; Albendazole ; echinoccocus ; caudal duplication syndrome ; colorectal duplication ; genitourinary duplication ; congenital malformation ; pediatric surgery ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; SIADH ; dyselectrolytemia ; hyponatremia ; Silesian Voivodeship ; gold hour ; cardiovascular diseases ; Medical Emergency Team ; acute cholecystitis ; laparoscopic cholecystectomy ; elderly ; safety ; young lung cancer ; depression ; anxiety ; multiple correspondence analysis ; k-means clustering ; n/a
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Information is key, which means that measurements are key. For this reason, this book provides unique insight into state-of-the-art research works regarding optical measurement systems. Optical systems are fast and precise, and the ongoing challenge is to enable optical principles for in-process measurements. Presented within this book is a selection of promising optical measurement approaches for real-world applications.
    Keywords: speckle photography ; in-process measurement ; deep rolling process ; generalized phase shifting interferometry ; dual-aperture common-path interferometer ; real-time optical instrumentation ; optomechatronic systems ; electrical steel ; optical coherence tomography ; OCT ; scanning ; process monitoring ; laser material processing ; spot compensation ; low coherence interferometry ; LCI ; wind lidar ; Doppler lidar ; bistatic ; metrology ; traceability ; wind energy ; meteorology ; diffraction grating ; grating pitch ; mode-locked femtosecond laser ; laser diffraction ; diffraction equation ; measurement uncertainty analysis ; image processing ; pattern recognition ; wind energy turbines ; turbulence wedges ; coherence scanning interferometry ; in-process application ; Mirau interferometer ; vibration compensation ; interferometric distance sensor ; optical path length modulation ; oscillating reference mirror ; hairpin ; laser welding ; semantic segmentation ; dilated convolution ; sdu-net ; spatter detection ; quality assurance ; fast prediction time ; in situ measurement ; optical metrology ; quality control ; interferometry ; fringe projection ; computational shear interferometry ; coherence function ; structure function ; additive manufacturing ; medium voltage switchgear ; SF6 alternatives ; UV-Vis spectroscopy ; gas mixing modeling ; multicomponent diffusion analysis ; explosion ; coal dust ; methane ; explosion suppression ; spectral characteristics ; explosion pressure ; radiation intensity ; free radicals ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book covers the latest development of bioprocess technology including theoretical, numerical, and experimental approaches in biotechnology as well as green technology that bridge conventional practices and Industry 4.0. Bioprocessing is one of the key factors in several emerging industries of biofuels, used in the production of biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel; industrial enzymes; waste management through biotechnology; new vaccines; and many more. It is hoped that the novel bioprocess and green biotechnologies presented in this book are useful in assisting the global community in working towards fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations.
    Keywords: extraction ; leaf ; liquid biphasic flotation ; polygonum ; protein ; date fruits ; proximate analysis ; physico-chemical characteristics ; date sugar ; phytoconstituents ; amino acids ; biomaterials ; Ficus carica ; diabetes mellitus ; proteomics ; sperm quality ; bioeconomy ; bioprocesses ; applications ; policy ; social welfare ; sustainability ; nanofiltration ; lipase ; Fusarium heterosporum ; fatty acid methyl ester ; electronics package ; induction heating ; magnetic field ; electric field ; TM110 single-mode cavity ; solder ; eddy current ; GABA ; fermented food ; functional food ; non-protein amino acid ; soy sauce fermentation ; lignocellulosic biomass ; holocellulose ; CMC ; degree of substitution ; excipient ; non-edible ; oil ; biodiesel production ; fuel ; Lactobacillus isolation ; lag phase ; bacteria sequencing ; breast milk ; chitosan ; co-loaded nanoparticles ; hydrophobic modification ; l-ascorbic acid ; thymoquinone ; sustainable supply chain management (SSSCM) ; social sustainability ; qualitative research ; Pakistan ; biohydrogen production ; immobilised cells ; entrapment ; alginate ; activated carbon ; carbon dioxide ; culture media ; microorganism ; optimization ; plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ; oil palm seedlings nursery ; biofertilizers ; chemical fertilizer ; n/a ; sago hampas ; amylase ; cellulase ; substrate feeding ; saccharification ; biomass ; waste cooking oil ; green fuel ; biodiesel ; heterogeneous catalyst ; deoxygenation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue explored different topics concerning recent progress in the synthesis and characterization of suitable innovative macromolecular systems, proposed as carriers of specific antimicrobial molecules, to be employed in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Many infectious diseases are induced by omnipresent micro-organisms, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, and algae, and, consequently, are very common, accounting for a significant share of the global disease burden. Unfortunately, antimicrobial resistance, adverse effects, and the high cost of antimicrobials are crucial health challenges worldwide. One of the common efforts in addressing this issue lies in improving the existing antimicrobial delivery systems. In this regard, nanoparticles as well as three-dimensional hydrophilic systems represent valuable tools able to ensure excellent performances. Biocompatible polymeric particles, entrapping these bioactive molecules, are capable of releasing them over a desired period of time, thereby decreasing the frequency of their administration. At the same time, these systems are able to protect antimicrobial drugs from degradation, enhancing their bioavailability. This Special Issue serves to highlight and capture the contemporary progress recorded in this field.
    Keywords: film nanocomposite ; essential oil ; supercritical CO2 ; long-term package ; hybrid nanoparticles ; biocompatible polymer ; antimicrobial amphiphiles ; dynamic light scattering ; scanning electron microscopy ; cell viability from counting of colony-forming unities ; antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles ; Escherichia coli ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Candida albicans ; hydrogel ; polyvinyl alcohol ; aliphatic dicarboxylic acids ; sustained release ; linezolid ; equilibrium swelling ratio ; accumulative release ; thermogravimetric analysis ; gram-negative bacteria ; multidrug resistance ; polymer therapeutics ; colistin ; polymyxin B ; nanoliposomes ; MDR-Bacteria ; chitosan ; nanotechnologies ; plant extracts ; agro-food-wastes ; antimicrobial agents ; polymeric nanocarriers ; mixed polymeric micelles ; drug delivery ; antibiotics ; Pluronic F127 ; antimicrobial agent ; polymeric nanomaterial ; self-assembly ; antimicrobial peptide ; silver nanoparticle ; anti-biofilm ; wound healing ; bromelain ; nisin ; bioactivity ; biomedicine ; carrier ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This reprint is devoted to “greener catalysis for environmental applications”, and primarily covers the catalytic synthesis of value-added chemicals, as well as the catalytic removal of pollutants. The most important topics covered were the conversion of waste to the product, solvent-free conditions as well as toxicity assessment of the reaction products.
    Keywords: selectivity tuning ; CO2 methanation ; reverse water gas shift ; photocatalysis ; dye ; UV ; peroxydisulfate ; advanced oxidation process ; Fischer-Tropsch ; jet fuel ; gasoline ; CoMn ; hydrotalcite-like precursors ; heterogeneous catalysis ; montmorillonite ; benzimidazoles ; gallium ; vanadium ; hydrodesulfurization ; hydrogenation ; synthesis method ; catalysis ; zero valent iron ; de-chlorination ; borohydride ; sol-gel ; ferromagnetic ; glycine–nitrate process ; copper-based nanoparticles ; photocatalysis activity ; NP9EO ; Fenton degradation ; ofloxacin ; Fe3O4 ; zeolite ; heterogeneous ; ion exchange resins ; waste cooking oil ; reuse of catalyst ; epoxidation ; Circular Economy ; contaminants of emerging concern ; advanced oxidation processes ; by-products ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Vegetable crops provide valuable minerals and vitamins that are indispensible for human health. Scientists have been working on the genetics of vegetable crops, deciphering the molecular bases of agronomically important traits. These genetic bases and variations in vegetable traits will greatly facilitate vegetable genetic improvement. Therefore, the genes of and genetic research on vegetable crops are of great importance. This Special Issue is a collection of 13 important research papers addressing the genes, genetics, and breeding of major vegetable crops. In the present book, the authors described the genes and QTLs responsible for stress tolerance, disease resistance, vegetable yield, and quality. The 13 research papers cover germplasm enhancement and evaluation, QTL mapping, gene isolation, marker development, and gene expression as well as gene editing in a wide range of vegetable species, including broccoli, pepper, eggplant, onion, and Cucurbita species. Readers from all over the globe are expected to greatly benefit from this Special Issue collection regarding their own work and the goal of improving breeding efficiency with molecular breeding to generate environment-adaptive, high-yield, and high-quality vegetable crops with which to feed the global population of 9.7 billion in an extreme climate by 2050.
    Keywords: pepper ; Capsicum annuum ; Phytophthora capsici ; high-density genetic map ; QTL ; Capcicum annuum L. ; RNA-Seq ; nitrogen-use efficiency ; low-nitrogen tolerance ; CaHSP18.1a ; gene silencing ; transgenic Arabidopsis ; heat stress ; gene expression ; pumpkin ; simple sequence repeat (SSR) ; syntenic relationship ; cross-species markers ; population structure ; eggplant ; heat shock factor (Hsf) ; heat shock protein (Hsp) ; thermotolerance ; C. frutescens ; SSR ; germplasm ; genetic diversity ; CRISPR/Cas ; gene knockout ; genome editing ; germplasm resource ; precision editing ; regulatory framework ; trait improvement ; Brassica oleracea ; broccoli ; candidate gene ; anthocyanin ; allelochemicals ; VOCs properties ; VOCs action ; VOCs detection ; green agriculture ; progress ; genetic researches ; molecular breeding ; transcriptomics ; transcription factor ; heritability ; genetic advance ; multi-trait selection ; principal component analysis ; HRM ; molecular marker ; phylogenetic analysis ; RNA sequencing ; SCAR ; SNP ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book, consisting of 21 articles, including three review papers, written by research groups of experts in the field, considers recent research on reinforced polymer composites. Most of them relate to the fiber-reinforced polymer composites, which are a real hot topic in the field. Depending on the reinforcing fiber nature, such composites are divided into synthetic and natural fiber-reinforced ones. Synthetic fibers, such as carbon, glass, or basalt, provide more stiffness, while natural fibers, such as jute, flax, bamboo, kenaf, and others, are inexpensive and biodegradable, making them environmentally friendly. To acquire the benefits of design flexibility and recycling possibilities, natural reinforcers can be hybridized with small amounts of synthetic fibers to make them more desirable for technical applications. Elaborated composites have great potential as structural materials in automotive, marine and aerospace application, as fire resistant concrete, in bridge systems, as mechanical gear pair, as biomedical materials for dentistry and orthopedic application and tissue engineering, as well as functional materials such as proton-exchange membranes, biodegradable superabsorbent resins and polymer electrolytes.
    Keywords: glass fibers ; surface modification ; polyethersulfone ; impregnation ; composite materials ; mechanical properties ; damping properties ; stability ; 3D printing ; composites ; DLP ; lignocellulose ; nanoindentation ; fiber-reinforced polymer ; natural fibers ; synthetic fibers ; PET fiber ; PP ; compatibility ; modification ; co-injection molding ; fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) ; fiber orientation distribution (FOD) ; micro-computerized tomography (μ-CT) scan technology ; bearing ; salt fog aging ; glass-flax hybrid coposites ; pinned joints ; failure modes ; polymer-matrix composites ; carbon fibers ; polysulfone ; rubber ; short jute fibers ; surface treatments ; scanning electron microscopy ; PVA ; CMC ; Na2CO3 ; film ; hydrogel mechanical properties ; nanocomposites ; double-network hydrogels ; polymer–nanoparticle interactions ; bamboo-plastic composites (BPCs) ; waste bamboo fibers ; chemical composition ; physico-mechanical properties ; thermal decomposition kinetics ; PEEK composites ; reinforcements ; self-lubricating bush ; friction and wear ; pin joints ; flat slab ; two-way shear ; carbon fiber reinforced polymers ; glass fiber reinforced polymers ; natural rubber ; maleated natural rubber ; palm stearin ; halloysite nanotubes ; heat treatment ; surface modification of staple carbon fiber ; natural rubber latex ; reinforcement mechanism ; dopamine ; rubber composite ; bifunctionally composite ; sulfonic acid based proton exchange membrane ; silica nanofiber ; mechanical stability ; high temperature fuel cell ; polyetherimide ; polycarbonate ; polyphenylene sulfone ; kenaf fibre ; glass fibre ; hybrid composites ; low velocity impact ; damage progression ; bamboo ; n/a ; poly (lactic acid) (PLA) ; wastes rubber ; recycling ; tensile properties ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Some terms, such as eco-friendly, circular economy and green technologies, have remained in our vocabulary, because the truth is that mankind is altering the planet to put its own subsistence at risk. Besides, for rationalization in the consumption of raw materials and energy, the recycling of waste through efficient and sustainable processes forms the backbone of the paradigm of a sustainable industry. One of the most relevant technologies for the new productive model is anaerobic digestion. Historically, anaerobic digestion has been developed in the field of urban wastes and wastewater treatments, but in the new challenge, its role is more relevant. Anaerobic digestion is a technologically mature biological treatment, which joins bioenergy production with the efficient removal of contaminants. This issue provides a specialized, but broad in scope, overview of the possibilities of the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass (mainly forestry and agricultural wastes), which is expected to be a more promising substrate for the development of biorefineries. Its conversion to bioenergy through anaerobic digestion must solve some troubles: the complex lignocellulosic structure needs to be deconstructed by pretreatments and a co-substrate may need to be added to improve the biological process. Ten selected works advance this proposal into the future.
    Keywords: exhausted sugar beet pulp ; pig manure ; anaerobic co-digestion ; thermophilic ; lignocellulosic waste ; anaerobic digestion ; biogas ; optimization ; operating parameters ; review ; particle-rich substrate ; suspended solids disintegration ; disintegration kinetics ; cellulase ; lignocellulosic biomass ; pretreatment methods ; limitations ; hydro-thermal pretreatment ; biofuels ; feedstock and degradation pathway ; AD systems ; pretreatment technologies ; process stability ; codigestion ; rice straw ; nutrients ; recycling ; digestate ; methane ; corn residue ; organosolv pretreatment ; sugar beet by-products ; manure ; semi-continuous feeding mode ; methane improvement ; non-classical parameters ; sorghum mutant ; biomass ; soluble sugars ; dilute acid pretreatment ; one-pot process ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: Current approaches to Natural Language Processing (NLP) have shown impressive improvements in many important tasks: machine translation, language modeling, text generation, sentiment/emotion analysis, natural language understanding, and question answering, among others. The advent of new methods and techniques, such as graph-based approaches, reinforcement learning, or deep learning, have boosted many NLP tasks to a human-level performance (and even beyond). This has attracted the interest of many companies, so new products and solutions can benefit from advances in this relevant area within the artificial intelligence domain.This Special Issue reprint, focusing on emerging techniques and trendy applications of NLP methods, reports on some of these achievements, establishing a useful reference for industry and researchers on cutting-edge human language technologies.
    Keywords: natural language processing ; distributional semantics ; machine learning ; language model ; word embeddings ; machine translation ; sentiment analysis ; quality estimation ; neural machine translation ; pretrained language model ; multilingual pre-trained language model ; WMT ; neural networks ; recurrent neural networks ; named entity recognition ; multi-modal dataset ; Wikimedia Commons ; multi-modal language model ; concreteness ; curriculum learning ; electronic health records ; clinical text ; relationship extraction ; text classification ; linguistic corpus ; deception ; linguistic cues ; statistical analysis ; discriminant function analysis ; fake news detection ; stance detection ; social media ; abstractive summarization ; monolingual models ; multilingual models ; transformer models ; transfer learning ; discourse analysis ; problem–solution pattern ; automatic classification ; machine learning classifiers ; deep neural networks ; question answering ; machine reading comprehension ; query expansion ; information retrieval ; multinomial naive bayes ; relevance feedback ; cause-effect relation ; transitive closure ; word co-occurrence ; automatic hate speech detection ; multisource feature extraction ; Latin American Spanish language models ; fine-grained named entity recognition ; k-stacked feature fusion ; dual-stacked output ; unbalanced data problem ; document representation ; semantic analysis ; conceptual modeling ; universal representation ; trend analysis ; topic modeling ; Bert ; geospatial data technology and application ; attention model ; dual multi-head attention ; inter-information relationship ; question difficult estimation ; named-entity recognition ; BERT model ; conditional random field ; pre-trained model ; fine-tuning ; feature fusion ; attention mechanism ; task-oriented dialogue systems ; Arabic ; multi-lingual transformer model ; mT5 ; language marker ; mental disorder ; deep learning ; LIWC ; spaCy ; RobBERT ; fastText ; LIME ; conversational AI ; intent detection ; slot filling ; retrieval-based question answering ; query generation ; entity linking ; knowledge graph ; entity embedding ; global model ; DISC model ; personality recognition ; predictive model ; text analysis ; data privacy ; federated learning ; transformer ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Personalised medicine is the next step in healthcare, especially when applied to genetically diverse diseases such as cancers. Naturally, a host of methods need to evolve alongside this, in order to allow the practice and implementation of individual treatment regimens. One of the major tasks for the development of personalised treatment of cancer is the identification and validation of a comprehensive, robust, and reliable panel of biomarkers that guide the clinicians to provide the best treatment to patients. This is indeed important with regards to radiotherapy; not only do biomarkers allow for the assessment of treatability, tumour response, and the radiosensitivity of healthy tissue of the treated patient. Furthermore, biomarkers should allow for the evaluation of the risks of developing adverse late effects as a result of radiotherapy such as second cancers and non-cancer effects, for example cardiovascular injury and cataract formation. Knowledge of all of these factors would allow for the development of a tailored radiation therapy regime. This Special Issue of the Journal of Personalised Medicine covers the topic of Radiation Response Biomarkers in the context of individualised cancer treatments, and offers an insight into some of the further evolution of radiation response biomarkers, their usefulness in guiding clinicians, and their application in radiation therapy.
    Keywords: carbon-ion radiotherapy ; head-and-neck tumors ; squamous cell carcinoma ; radiosensitivity ; relative biological effectiveness ; lung cancer ; radiotherapy ; radiotherapy monitoring ; radiation-induced lung injury ; RILI ; pneumonitis ; radiation-induced lung fibrosis ; RILF ; circulating biomarkers ; microRNA ; micronuclei ; uterine cervical cancer ; cGAS ; STING ; abscopal effect ; immunotherapy ; PBMCS ; micronucleus assay ; biological dosimetry ; human blood ; genotoxicity tests ; ionizing radiation ; biomarkers ; dicentric assay ; gamma H2AX foci assay ; health surveillance analyses ; clonogenic assays ; methods ; plating ; cancer ; radiation ; head and neck cancer ; exosomes ; serum ; metabolomics ; GC/MS ; biodosimetry ; chromosome aberrations ; normal tissue toxicity ; predictive tests ; normal tissue ; biomarker ; protein ; immune infiltrate ; stroma ; tumour microenvironment ; proteomics ; telomeres ; chromosomal instability ; inversions ; prostate cancer ; IMRT ; machine learning ; individual radiosensitivity ; late effects ; personalized medicine ; liquid biopsy ; circulating tumour cells ; extracellular vesicles ; microRNAs ; immune system ; inflammation ; n/a
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, the implementation of sustainable concrete systems has been a topic of great interest in the field of construction engineering worldwide, as a result of the large and rapid increase in carbon emissions and environmental problems resulting from traditional concrete production and industry. For example, the uses of supplementary cementitious materials, geopolymer binder, recycled aggregate and industrial/agricultural wastes in concrete are all approaches to building a sustainable concrete system. However, such materials have inherent flaws due to their variety of sources, and exhibit very different properties compared with traditional concrete. Therefore, they require specific modifications in preprocessing, design, and evaluation before use in concrete. This reprint, entitled “Advances in Sustainable Concrete System”, covers a broad range of advanced concrete research in environmentally friendly concretes, cost-effective admixtures, and waste recycling, specifically including the design methods, mechanical properties, durability, microstructure, various models, hydration mechanisms, and practical applications of solid wastes in concrete systems.
    Keywords: high-strength concrete ; energy evolution ; elastic strain energy ; brittleness evaluation index ; concrete ; humidity ; moisture absorption ; moisture desorption ; numerical simulation ; acoustic emission ; AE rate process theory ; corrosion rate ; damage evolution ; axial load ; precast concrete structure ; lattice girder semi-precast slabs ; bending resistance ; FE modelling ; concrete damage ; GSP ; high strength ; hydration ; strength ; penetrability ; rice husk ash ; sustainable concrete ; artificial neural networks ; multiple linear regression ; eco-friendly concrete ; green concrete ; sustainable development ; artificial intelligence ; data science ; machine learning ; bagasse ash ; mechanical properties ; natural coarse aggregate ; recycled coarse aggregate ; two-stage concrete ; materials design ; recycled concrete ; crumb rubber concrete ; crumb rubber ; NaOH treatment ; lime treatment ; water treatment ; detergent treatment ; compressive strength ; materials ; adhesively-bonded joint ; temperature aging ; residual strength ; mechanical behavior ; failure criterion ; steel slag powder ; compound activator ; mortar strength ; orthogonal experiment ; GM (0, N) model ; ultrafine metakaolin ; silica fume ; durability ; fiber-reinforced concrete ; damage mechanism ; uniaxial tension ; cracked concrete ; crack width ; crack depth ; tortuosity ; sustainability ; concrete composites ; sulfate and acid attacks ; WPFT fibers ; coal gangue ; gradation ; cement content ; unconfined compressive strength ; freeze–thaw cycle ; minimum energy dissipation principle ; three-shear energy yield criterion ; damage variable ; constitutive model ; phosphorus slag ; limestone ; sulphate-corrosion resistance ; volume deformation ; blast furnace ferronickel slag ; alkali-activated material ; dosage of activator ; reactive powder concrete ; beam-column joint ; FE modeling ; crack ; cementitious gravel ; fly ash ; age ; optimal dosage ; bamboo ; sawdust ; pretreatment ; bio-based material ; mechanical property ; self-compacting concrete ; supplementary cementitious materials ; hydration mechanisms ; microstructure ; fresh properties ; synthetic polymer ; high temperature ; bentonite-free drilling fluid ; rheology ; filtration ; FRP reinforced concrete slab ; punching shear strength ; SHAP ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In light of the considerable impact of global food supply chains on climate change, more sustainable ways of producing, distributing, and consuming food appear critical for sustainable development. With the aim of contributing to this topic, this Special Issue on sustainable food consumption and food marketing addresses various relevant issues related to food consumption, including innovative and sustainable forms of food production and consumption, animal welfare and meat consumption, price transmission, social media communication, alternative food production, and organic agriculture, among others. As such, this Special Issue sheds light on more sustainable and carbon-friendly food production and consumption systems from various angles. It delivers valuable scientific evidence for the transformation of current carbon-based food supply chains to more eco-friendly, fair, and future-oriented food supply chains.
    Keywords: aquaponics ; Structural Equation Modeling ; consumer behavior ; purchase intention ; willingness to pay ; sustainability ; food market ; veganic ; vegan-organic ; vegan ; stockless ; attitudes ; environmental marketing ; green product ; green consumer ; green purchase decision ; consumer behaviour ; theory of planned behaviour ; sustainable consumption ; Bangladesh ; out-of-home catering ; sustainable nutrition ; variety seeking ; spontaneous choice ; company canteens ; trust ; social media ; small and medium enterprises ; Bresse Gauloise ; choice experiment ; dual-purpose breeds ; faba beans ; Kollbecksmoor ; theory of planned behavior ; Vorwerkhuhn ; White Rock ; green products ; palm oil free ; structural equation modeling ; SEM ; sustainable food consumption ; food waste ; theoretical framework ; food tourism ; community-based tourism ; sustainable development ; community engagement ; rural development ; food heritage ; carbon-friendly food ; emotions ; animal welfare ; cured ham ; discrete choice experiment ; latent construct model ; market instability ; nonlinear empirical dynamics ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Cognitive building is a pioneering topic envisioning the future of our built environment. The concept of "cognitive" provides a paradigm shift that steps from the static concept of the building as a container of human activities towards the modernist vision of "machine à habiter" of Le Corbusier, where the technological content adds the capability of learning from users' behavior and environmental variables to adapt itself to achieve major goals such as user comfort, energy-saving, flexible functionality, high durability, and good maintainability. The concept is based on digital frameworks and IoT networks towards the concept of a smart city.
    Keywords: explainable post occupancy ; humanoid robot ; lighting simulation software ; BIM ; openBIM ; IFC ; IoT ; sensors ; cognitive buildings ; asset management ; digital twin ; BEM ; simulation modelling ; dynamic simulation ; Building Information Modelling (BIM) ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; facility management ; cyber-physical systems ; Building Management System ; Digital Twin ; Post-Occupancy Evaluations ; cognitive ; digital twins ; building lifecycle management ; artificial intelligence ; decision support ; self-learning ; optimization ; building performance simulation ; lighting simulation ; lighting quality ; visual comfort ; office field study ; evidence-based design ; building information modeling ; HVAC ; fan coil ; Internet of Things ; predictive maintenance ; fault detection ; smart building ; sustainable building ; construction projects ; BIM implementation ; stakeholders ; barriers ; construction product ; servitization ; level of evidence ; level curves ; ground slopes ; embankments ; road and rail design ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book includes impactful chapters which present scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and ideas on sensing technologies and machine learning techniques. These are relevant in tackling the following challenges: (i) the field readiness and use of intrusive sensor systems and devices for capturing biosignals, including EEG sensor systems, ECG sensor systems and electrodermal activity sensor systems; (ii) the quality assessment and management of sensor data; (iii) data preprocessing, noise filtering and calibration concepts for biosignals; (iv) the field readiness and use of nonintrusive sensor technologies, including visual sensors, acoustic sensors, vibration sensors and piezoelectric sensors; (v) emotion recognition using mobile phones and smartwatches; (vi) body area sensor networks for emotion and stress studies; (vii) the use of experimental datasets in emotion recognition, including dataset generation principles and concepts, quality insurance and emotion elicitation material and concepts; (viii) machine learning techniques for robust emotion recognition, including graphical models, neural network methods, deep learning methods, statistical learning and multivariate empirical mode decomposition; (ix) subject-independent emotion and stress recognition concepts and systems, including facial expression-based systems, speech-based systems, EEG-based systems, ECG-based systems, electrodermal activity-based systems, multimodal recognition systems and sensor fusion concepts and (x) emotion and stress estimation and forecasting from a nonlinear dynamical system perspective.
    Keywords: subject-dependent emotion recognition ; subject-independent emotion recognition ; electrodermal activity (EDA) ; deep learning ; convolutional neural networks ; automatic facial emotion recognition ; intensity of emotion recognition ; behavioral biometrical systems ; machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; driving stress ; electrodermal activity ; road traffic ; road types ; Viola-Jones ; facial emotion recognition ; facial expression recognition ; facial detection ; facial landmarks ; infrared thermal imaging ; homography matrix ; socially assistive robot ; EEG ; arousal detection ; valence detection ; data transformation ; normalization ; mental stress detection ; electrocardiogram ; respiration ; in-ear EEG ; emotion classification ; emotion monitoring ; elderly caring ; outpatient caring ; stress detection ; deep neural network ; convolutional neural network ; wearable sensors ; psychophysiology ; sensor data analysis ; time series analysis ; signal analysis ; similarity measures ; correlation statistics ; quantitative analysis ; benchmarking ; boredom ; emotion ; GSR ; classification ; sensor ; face landmark detection ; fully convolutional DenseNets ; skip-connections ; dilated convolutions ; emotion recognition ; physiological sensing ; multimodal sensing ; flight simulation ; activity recognition ; physiological signals ; thoracic electrical bioimpedance ; smart band ; stress recognition ; physiological signal processing ; long short-term memory recurrent neural networks ; information fusion ; pain recognition ; long-term stress ; electroencephalography ; perceived stress scale ; expert evaluation ; affective corpus ; multimodal sensors ; overload ; underload ; interest ; frustration ; cognitive load ; stress research ; affective computing ; human-computer interaction ; deep convolutional neural network ; transfer learning ; auxiliary loss ; weighted loss ; class center ; stress sensing ; smart insoles ; smart shoes ; unobtrusive sensing ; stress ; center of pressure ; regression ; signal processing ; arousal ; aging adults ; musical genres ; emotion elicitation ; dataset ; emotion representation ; feature selection ; feature extraction ; computer science ; virtual reality ; head-mounted display ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Absorbable metals have shown significant clinical potential for temporary implant applications, where the material is eventually replaced by healthy, functioning tissue. However, several challenges remain before these metals can be used in humans. Innovations and further improvements are required. This book collects scientific contributions dealing with the development of absorbable metals with improved and unique corrosion and mechanical properties for applications in highly loaded implants or cardiovascular and urethral stents.
    Keywords: surface treatments ; roughness ; Mg-alloys ; degradation behavior ; absorbable ; corrosion ; degradation ; magnesium ; ureteral stent ; zinc ; mandibular condylar fracture ; unsintered hydroxyapatite/poly-l-lactide composite plate ; bioactive resorbable plate ; biomechanical loading evaluation ; fracture fixation ; WE43/HA composite ; friction stir processing ; microstructure ; mechanical properties ; corrosion behavior ; absorbable metal ; cytotoxicity ; stent ; ureteral ; urothelial cells ; zinc alloy ; poly-L-lactide ; uncalcined and unsintered hydroxyapatite ; biocompatibility ; osteoconductivity ; mesenchymal stem cell ; iron foam ; polyethyleneimine (PEI) ; biodegradation ; powder metallurgy ; coating ; biodegradable magnesium implants ; bioceramics ; bioactivity ; orthopedic implant ; bone surgery ; absorbable implants ; magnesium (Mg) ; oral and maxillofacial ; orthopedic ; titanium (Ti) ; biomaterials ; electrochemistry ; hydrogen evolution ; microscopy ; Mg-Zn-Sn alloy ; osteoinductive activity ; sirolimus ; rabbit coronary artery endothelial cells ; smooth muscle cells ; bioabsorbable metals ; in-vivo biocompatibility ; strontium ; toxicity ; systemic reactions ; alloy accumulation ; internal organs ; iron ; corrosion rate ; biodegradable material ; n/a
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  • 40
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In impulse-based manufacturing technologies, the energy required to form, join or cut components acts on the workpiece in a very short time and suddenly accelerates workpiece areas to very high velocities. The correspondingly high strain rates, together with inertia effects, affect the behavior of many materials, resulting in technological benefits such as improved formability, reduced localizing and springback, extended possibilities to produce high-quality multi material joints and burr-free cutting. This Special Issue of JMMP presents the current research findings, which focus on exploiting the full potential of these processes by providing a deeper understanding of the technology and the material behavior and detailed knowledge about the sophisticated process and equipment design. The range of processes that are considered covers electromagnetic forming, electrohydraulic forming, adiabatic cutting, forming by vaporizing foil actuators and other impulse-based manufacturing technologies. Papers show significant improvements in the aforementioned processes with regard to: Processes analysis; Measurement technique; Technology development; Materials and modelling; Tools and equipment; Industrial implementation.
    Keywords: magnetic pulse welding ; spot welds ; linear coils ; shear lap test ; automotive alloys ; numerical analysis ; LS-DYNA ; impact deformation ; vaporizing foil actuator ; powder compaction ; spallation ; inclined collision welding ; dissimilar material combinations ; impact velocity ; impact angle ; collision velocity ; impulse forming ; bulge forming ; permeability ; conductivity ; adiabatic blanking ; adiabatic shear band ; high velocity ; clearance ; blanked surface ; stress triaxiality ; FE simulation ; electromagnetic forming ; proximity effect ; Lorentz forces ; coil windings ; electro-hydraulic ; pulsed forming ; numerical simulation ; preforming ; collision welding ; impact welding ; welding window ; aluminum and copper ; high-speed imaging ; jet ; cloud of particles ; energy balance ; energy extraction ; melting ; material properties ; interface morphology ; magnetic pulse welding (MPW) ; AA6016 ; aluminum ; 22MnB5 ; press-hardening steel ; interface characterization ; mechanical characterization ; tribological characterization ; high strain rate ; elevated temperature ; additive manufacturing ; 18Ni300 maraging steel ; constitutive modelling ; damage modelling ; machining simulation ; magnetic pulse forming ; electro-hydraulic forming ; high strain rates ; lightweight ; high pulsed power ; formability ; simulation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The articles featured in this Special Issue cover different aspects of the design, testing, and application of various types of supplementary cementitious materials in concrete. The results of the research, conducted by over 50 international universities and scientific centers, prove the great interest in the SCM topic.
    Keywords: crystalline admixture ; chemical exposure ; sulphuric acid attack ; durability ; Xypex ; fly ash ; substitution strategy ; structural concrete ; steel reinforcement ; limit states ; RC beams in bending ; carbon footprint ; concrete ; carbonation modeling ; calcareous fly ash ; biomass ; wood ash ; fibrocement ; strength ; mortar ; clean coal combustion ; fluidized bed fly ash ; microstructure ; phase composition ; portlandite ; unburned carbon ; slag ; soil stabilization ; embankment ; cement ; lime ; high temperature ; damage ; permeability ; CEMI and CEMIII ; mechanical properties ; alkali-activated concrete ; geopolymer concrete ; flexure ; beams ; fiber-reinforced concrete ; crack spacing ; tension stiffening ; bamboo ash ; supplementary materials ; elevated temperature ; high volume fly ash (HVFA) ; steel reinforcing fiber ; jacketing ; environmental impact ; fibre reinforced ; alkali-activated ; strain hardening ; recycled cementitious supplementary material ; comprehensive concrete recycling ; recycled fine fraction ; rehydration reactivity ; compressive strength ; ground granulated blast furnace slag ; apparent activation energy ; equivalent age ; construction debris ; recycling ; circular economy ; eco-friendly concretes ; fly ash (FA) ; silica fume (SF) ; palm oil fuel ash (POFA) ; rice husk ash (RHA) ; sewage sludge ash (SSA) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) ; mine tailings ; marble dust ; construction and demolition debris (CDD) ; porous feldspar ; activation ; substitute material ; energy saving concrete ; calcined clay ; binder ; supplementary cementitious materials ; cement-based materials ; steatite ; wood particles ; Portland cement ; fire performance ; tensile strength ; micro-silica/silica fume ; steel fiber ; high performance concrete (HPC) ; self-consolidating concrete (SCC) ; flowability ; freeze-thaw cycle ; fire resistance ; bentonite ; clays ; cryogenic condition ; GGBS ; thermal conductivity ; semi-adiabatic test ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: The book provides a comprehensive overview of nanostructures and methods used to design biosensors, as well as applications for these biosensor nanotechnologies in the biological, chemical, and environmental monitoring fields. Biological sensing has proven to be an essential tool for understanding living systems, but it also has practical applications in medicine, drug discovery, food safety, environmental monitoring, defense, personal security, etc. In healthcare, advancements in telecommunications, expert systems, and distributed diagnostics are challenging current delivery models, while robust industrial sensors enable new approaches to research and development. Experts from around the world have written five articles on topics including:Diagnosing and treating intraocular cancers such as retinoblastoma; Nanomedicine in cancer management; Engineered nanomaterials in osteosarcoma diagnosis and treatment; Practical design of nanoscale devices; Detect alkaline phosphatase quantitatively in clinical diagnosis; Progress in the area of non-enzymatic sensing of dual/multi biomolecules; Developments in non-enzymatic glucose and H2O2 (NEGH) sensing; Multi-functionalized nanocarrier therapies for targeting retinoblastoma; Galactose functionalized nanocarriers; Sensing performance, electro-catalytic mechanism, and morphology and design of electrode materials; Biosensors along with their applications and the benefits of machine learning; Innovative approaches to improve the NEGH sensitivity, selectivity, and stability in real-time applications; Challenges and solutions in the field of biosensors.
    Keywords: advanced nanomaterials ; dual in-line sensing ; bi-functional properties ; non-enzymatic ; electrochemical sensing ; glucose and H2O2 ; nanotechnology ; bone diseases ; drug delivery ; nanocarriers ; osteosarcoma ; tumor-targeted ; retinoblastoma ; rare cancer ; surface-tailored multi-functionalized nanoparticles ; metallic nanoparticle ; tumor-suppressor gene mutation ; alkaline phosphatase ; terminal protection ; copper nanoparticle ; fluorescence ; biosensor ; electrochemical ; sensitivity ; amperometric ; voltammetric ; food quality monitoring ; machine learning ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Silica and silicon-based nanostructures are now well-understood materials for which the technologies are mature. The most obvious applications, such as electronic devices, have been widely explored over the last two decades. The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together the state of the art in the field and to enable the emergence of new ideas and concepts for silicon and silica-based nanostructures.
    Keywords: maize ; NPK ; SiO2-NPs ; productivity ; fertilizer ; mineral ; weevils ; LC50 ; toxicity ; mesoporous silica ; nanomaterials ; desulfurization ; fuel ; JP-8 ; black silicon ; light absorption enhanced ; micro-nano manufacturing ; nanometer surface ; nano-silica ; tricalcium aluminate ; pozzolanic reaction ; C-A-S-H gel ; silicon nanoparticles ; silicon nanowires ; synthesis ; high energy density ; lithium-ion batteries ; high-capacity anode ; VLS ; laser pyrolysis ; size effect ; shape effect ; biomass rice husk ; silicon ; nanocrystals ; luminescence ; high porosity ; pH sensor ; temperature sensor ; dual sensor ; metal-assisted chemical etching ; Si nanostructures ; high aspect ratio ; zone plate ; silicon nanowire ; nanowire array ; silicon anode ; n-type silicon anode ; Li-ion battery ; nanowires ; nanonets ; transistor ; integration process ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 44
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In this book are reported nine works related to land subsidence monitoring using remote sensing techniques. Land subsidence is a common phenomenon in many regions of the world, where it causes degradation of local ecosystems and disruption of economic activities. Its effects are more evident in densely populated areas in particular in low-lying territories such as river deltas and coastal areas where the combination of land subsidence and sea level rise increases the flooding risk. For this reason, the monitoring of ground deformations is a crucial step to obtain important information for the development of risk mitigation strategies. In the presented papers, the characteristics of land subsidence occurring in different study areas are described, and recent developments in the used methodologies for the monitoring of the ground displacements are discussed and validated also by means of ground-based data. Moreover, advantages and disadvantages of the adopted techniques are highlighted. The outcomes of these research works can provide national and local authorities with useful information for the implementation of integrated monitoring systems in the areas most affected by land subsidence.
    Keywords: land subsidence ; IPTA ; land-use ; water resource utilization ; groundwater change ; deformation ; geology ; Gävle ; InSAR ; PSI ; precise levelling ; sentinel-1 ; subsidence ; Sweden ; ALOS/PALSAR ; time series analysis ; SBAS ; hot spring water ; hydrothermal fluids ; Hakone Volcano ; satellite geodesy ; radar interferometry ; persistent scatterers ; distributed scatterers ; orbit combination ; Sentinel-1 ; cavern field ; salt deposit ; geophysical modeling ; underground gas storage ; GNSS ; ground movement ; subsidence monitoring ; integrated numerical simulation ; Dubrovnik ; satellite altimetry ; tide gauges ; vertical land motion ; DInSAR ; mining-induced tremors ; land surface deformation ; Upper Silesian Coal Basin ; Interferometry ; SNAP-StaMPS ; Ground deformation ; Po River Delta ; integrated monitoring ; time-series analysis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 45
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is a collection of recent developments, methodologies, calibration and validation techniques, and applications of thermal remote sensing data and derived products from UAV-based, aerial, and satellite remote sensing. A set of 15 papers written by a total of 70 authors was selected for this book. The published papers cover a wide range of topics, which can be classified in five groups: algorithms, calibration and validation techniques, improvements in long-term consistency in satellite LST, downscaling of LST, and LST applications and land surface emissivity research.
    Keywords: Land Surface Temperature (LST) ; satellite retrievals of LST ; LST from GOES satellites ; land surface temperature ; drones ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; thermal remote sensing ; MODIS ; Bayesian Maximum Entropy ; interpolation ; Himalaya ; air temperature ; topography ; Landsat ; split window algorithm ; TIRS ; thermal ; Landsat 8 ; stray light correction ; split-window algorithm ; single-channel algorithm ; AMSR2 ; annual cycle parameters ; random forest ; cloudy sky LST ; evapotranspiration ; data fusion ; field-scale ; machine-learning ; physical model ; Sentinel-2 ; Sentinel-3 ; Downscaling ; thermal infrared ; disaggregation ; Copernicus ; hyperspectral thermal infrared ; spectral smoothness ; temperature-emissivity separation ; sensitivity analysis ; noise ; land surface temperature (LST) ; daytime LST ; nighttime LST ; validation ; land surface emissivity (LSE) ; single channel algorithm ; radiative transfer equation ; mono window algorithm ; SURFRAD data ; GK2A ; split-window method ; BSRN ; LST ; downscaling ; LSA-SAF ; Sentinel 2 ; DEM ; spatial averaging biases ; land surface emissivity ; measurement uncertainties ; emissivity box method ; Fourier transform infrared spectrometer ; portable spectrometer ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 46
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This book focuses on the modelling and the design process of gas bearings, on the experimental validation of such models, and on their applications. In particular, recent developments about foil bearings, aerostatic bearings, porous bearings, and non-contact precision positioning systems are shown.
    Keywords: aerostatic spindle ; fluid–structure interaction ; restrictor geometrical parameters ; structural dimension ; optimal design ; bump foil gas bearing ; thermo-hydrodynamic model ; temperature field ; thermal characteristics analysis ; foil bearing ; turbo machinery ; gas bearing ; industrial application ; air-bearing ; precision positioning ; tribotronics ; rotation accuracy ; roundness ; cylindricity ; dispersion coefficient ; gas bearings ; porous materials ; rotordynamics ; force coefficients ; aerostatic journal bearings ; porous bearing ; annular-thrust bearing ; numerical simulation ; finite element method ; dynamic coefficients ; eccentricity ; tilting ; tilting velocity ; partial arc ; PCB spindles ; dynamic identification ; logarithmic decrement method ; complex exponential method ; half-power method ; damping factor identification ; rigid rotor ; modal analysis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 47
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Since the conceptualization of bounded rationality, management scholars started investigating how people—managers and entrepreneurs—really make decisions within (and for) organizations. The aim of this eBook is to deeply investigate trends that have flourished within this pivotal research area in conceptual and/or empirical terms, trying to provide new insights on how managers and entrepreneurs make decisions within and for organizations. In this vein, readers that approach this eBook will be taken by hand and accompanied to the discovery of how the mind of decision makers is at the basis of organizational developments or failures. In this regard, published contributions in this eBook underline how executives and entrepreneurs must be ecologically rational, thus be aware of the negative and positive effects that biases can have depending on the context and use them at their advantage. Managerial and entrepreneurial decision-making are phenomena that cannot be detached from the environment in which executives and entrepreneurs are embedded, claiming to establish new approaches to research that looks at decision-making as an individual/group/organization-environment dialectical and multi-level phenomenon.
    Keywords: behavioral strategy ; decision-making ; core self-evaluations ; intuition ; overconfidence ; performance ; nurse manager ; time pressure ; self-leadership ; stress ; entrepreneurial decision-making ; resource-based view ; opportunity identification ; competitive advantage ; critical assessments ; managerial process ; decision making ; critical infrastructure elements ; resilience ; disruption ; indication ; data lake ; data governance ; data quality ; big data ; digital transformation ; data science ; asset management ; boundary condition ; SME entrepreneurs ; accountants ; cognitive biases ; debiasing ; clinical decision-making process ; clinical reasoning ; orthopaedics ; follow-up decision ; healthcare decision ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJC Business strategy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas
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  • 48
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles wrapped in a lipid bilayer membrane and are naturally released from cells. This kind of cargo vessel is a nanostructure that mainly transfers lipids, proteins, various nucleic acid fragments, and metabolic components to neighboring cells or distant parts of the body through the circulatory system. EVs are of great significance to the communication mechanism between cells. This book collects feature articles to enhance our understanding of the biological characteristics of EVs and their potential applications.
    Keywords: extracellular vesicle ; precision oncology ; cancer biomarker ; prostate cancer ; drug delivery ; extracellular vesicles ; lysosome ; nanocarriers ; ultrasound ; size exclusion chromatography ; differential ultracentrifugation ; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ; exosomes ; cancer ; biomarker ; diagnostic ; therapy ; liquid biopsy ; small extracellular vesicles (sEV) ; tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) ; melanoma cell-derived exosomes (MTEX) ; proteomics ; tumor microenvironment ; biomarkers ; ectosomes ; neoplasia ; microvesicles ; small extracellular vesicles ; isolation ; purification ; size-exclusion chromatography ; ultracentrifugation ; sucrose density cushion ; lymph node ; spleen ; solid tissue ; microvesicle ; exosome ; cancer therapeutic ; drug carrier ; flow cytometry ; immunophenotyping ; swarm detection ; tumor-associated macrophages ; macrophage polarization ; mannose receptor ; HIV-1 Nef ; glioblastoma ; microRNA ; immunoprecipitation ; CD44 ; human milk ; nutrient ; microbiota ; microRNAs ; nanocommunicator ; diagnostic biomarker ; drug delivery vehicle ; personalized cancer immunotherapy ; therapeutic agents ; cell-to-cell communication ; ionising radiation ; non-targeted effects ; signalling ; imaging flow cytometry ; biomarker reservoirs ; cancer diagnostics ; disease monitoring ; large EVs ; ovarian cancer cells ; ES-2 ; OAW-42 ; adipose tissue origin mesenchymal stem cells ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 49
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Functional coatings are cost-effective means to protect substrates from wear, corrosion, erosion, tribocorrosion, high temperature and high pressure in extreme environmental conditions. These are primarily manufactured through metal/ceramic powder deposition in a subsequent layer by layer fashion on the substrate materials. In all cases, the functional coatings need to be reliable for the intended application. The emerging techniques in 3D printing/additive manufacturing can be utilized to develop high-performance functional coatings. These methods provide geometrical precision, flexibility in geometrical complexity, customization of the coating layers, and reduce the raw materials waste, keeping the manufacturing cost low while addressing many of the technical barriers of conventional coating methods. With the rapid development of cutting-edge value-added technologies in aerospace, nuclear, military, space, and energy industry, 3D printing/additive manufacturing techniques will be major advantages. Novel functional coatings and 3D printing/additive manufacturing techniques will be critical to value-added components in the future development of technologies. The book provide an overview of the recent development in coating manufacturing techniques and potential to use in high-end engineering applications.
    Keywords: metal additive manufacturing ; nickel-based alloy ; microstructure ; cooling effect ; laser cladding ; TiC ; microstructure control ; wear behavior prediction ; ductile materials ; dislocation density ; microstructure and recrystallization ; cold gas dynamic spray ; molecular dynamics ; Ti coating ; cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) test ; hysteresis loop ; wear ; additive manufacturing ; Inconel 718 ; friction ; tribocorrosion ; corrosion ; H13 steel ; thermal stress cycle ; numerical simulation ; unstable alternating thermal stress ; residual stress ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Shape memory alloys (SMAs), in comparison with other materials, have the exceptional ability to change their properties, structure, and functionality depending on the thermal, magnetic, and/or stress fields applied. As is well known, in recent decades, the development of SMAs has allowed innovative solutions and alternatives in biomedical applications and advanced engineering structures for aerospace and automotive industries as well as in sensor and actuation systems, among other sectors. Irrespective of this, designing and engineering using these special smart materials requires a solid background in materials science in order to consolidate their importance in these fields and to broaden their relevance for other new applications. The goal of this Special Issue is to foster the dissemination of some of the latest research devoted to these special materials from different perspectives.
    Keywords: shape memory alloys ; cyclic tests ; fatigue test ; energy dissipation ; earthquake engineering ; NiTiNb ; anisotropy ; texture ; SME ; pipe joints ; NiTi ; selective laser melting ; additive manufacturing ; lattice structure ; EBSD ; superelasticity ; metamagnetic shape memory alloys ; structural defects ; magnetocaloric effect ; mechanical damping ; martensitic transitions ; phonon softening ; resonant ultrasound spectroscopy ; laser-ultrasound ; elastic constants ; high-temperature shape memory alloys ; titanium palladium ; titanium platinum ; multi-component alloys ; medium-entropy alloys ; high-entropy alloys ; laser powder bed fusion ; density control ; structure control ; process simulation ; shape memory alloy ; Fe-Mn-Al-Ni ; cyclic heat treatment ; co-based Heusler alloy ; martensitic transformation ; metamagnetic shape memory alloy ; phase diagram ; magnetic-field-induced transition ; intermetallic ; microstructure ; differential scanning calorimetry ; X-ray diffraction ; mechanical testing ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Radiopharmaceuticals are used in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, especially cancer. In general, radiopharmaceuticals are either salts of radionuclides or radionuclides bound to biologically active molecules, drugs, or cells. Tremendous progress has been made in discovering, developing, and commercializing numerous radiopharmaceuticals for the imaging and therapy of cancer. Significant research is ongoing in academia and the pharmaceutical industry to develop more novel radiolabeled compounds as potential radiopharmaceuticals for unmet needs. This Special Issue aims to focus on all aspects of the design, characterization, evaluation, and development of novel radiolabeled compounds for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and the application of new radiochemistry and methodologies for the development of novel radiolabeled compounds. Outstanding contributions presented in this Special Issue will significantly add to the field of radiopharmaceuticals.
    Keywords: positron emission tomography (PET) ; pyrazoles ; fluorine-18 ; radionuclides ; PET probes ; imaging pharmaceuticals ; hypopharyngeal cancer ; 188Re-liposome ; repeated therapy ; NGS ; microRNA ; aprepitant ; radiopharmaceuticals ; neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist ; radionuclide chelators ; kidney uptake ; cleavable linkers ; neutral endopeptidase (NEP) ; renal brush border enzymes ; prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ; cancer imaging and therapy ; somatostatin analogs ; radiolabeling ; radionuclide therapy ; imaging ; adrenergic receptor ; positron emission tomography ; radiotracer ; cholecystokinin-2 receptor ; minigastrin ; molecular imaging ; targeted radiotherapy ; lutetium-177 ; EpCAM ; radionuclide ; SPECT ; iodine ; PIB ; breast ; cancer ; PET ; target-specific biomolecules ; immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals ; production processes ; 124I-labeled monoclonal antibodies ; radiotracers ; AAZTA ; scandium-44 ; FAP ; SA ; DPP ; PREP ; radioiodine labeling ; radioiodination ; biomolecules ; peptides ; proteins ; monoclonal antibodies ; 123,124,125,131I-labeled molecules and biomolecules ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: This Special Issue collects original research articles discussing cutting-edge work as well as perspectives on future directions in the whole range of theoretical and practical aspects in these research areas: i) Theory of fuzzy systems and soft computing; ii) Learning procedures; iii) Decision-making applications employing fuzzy logic and soft computing.
    Keywords: fuzzy partition ; fuzzy transform ; new iterative method ; Cauchy problems ; ANFIS ; basmati rice ; image processing ; grading ; quality assessment ; fuzzy inference system ; causality ; statistics ; concept-mapping ; causal graph ; numerical methods ; systems of ordinary differential equations ; NIM ; fuzzy logics ; linear motion blur ; fuzzy deblurring ; electron beam calibration ; signal and image processing ; propagation modeling ; adaptive-network-based fuzzy system ; LoRa &amp ; LoRaWAN ; radio wave propagation ; artificial neural networks ; subtracting clustering ; dual double fuzzy semi-metric ; double fuzzy semi-metric ; fuzzy semi-metric space ; triangle inequality ; triangular norm ; eye gaze tracking ; interval type-2 fuzzy logic ; vision system ; mobile robots ; intelligent control ; ordered fuzzy number ; fuzzy relation ; preorder ; strict order ; equivalence relation ; variable neighborhood search ; experimental comparison ; statistical analysis ; traveling salesman problem ; soft computing ; modeling ; vector optimization ; methods of solution of vector problems ; optimal decision-making ; numerical realization of decision-making ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Thanks to their rich chemodiversity, marine natural products represent a unique source of new bioactive metabolites. As the new leading compounds in drug discovery and development, these molecules may represent challenges for the treatment of a number of human diseases, attracting the attention of many researchers during their chemical and biological studies. This Special Issue covers all fields of drugs research in which marine natural products are involved, including their isolation and characterization, biological activities, and medicinal applications as well as synthetic approaches and their related analogues. The cover picture shows “The Nudibranch mollusk Godiva quadricolor on a sponge, reflected under the surface during the low tide. Fusaro Lagoon, Bacoli (Naples)”.
    Keywords: alginate ; Sargassum duplicatum ; okra ; antioxidant ; diabetic ; wound healing ; sulfavant ; sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols ; sulfoglycolipids ; mass spectrometry ; UHPLC-MS ; lipids ; cancer therapy ; gold nanoparticles ; marine products ; natural products ; photosensitizer ; purpurin 18 ; reactive oxygen species ; seaweed ; biosilica ; diatom frustule ; sustainable production ; drug delivery ; Sargassum ilicifolium ; mangosteen rind ; diabetic mice ; Aquimarina sp. ; diketopiperazine ; N-phenethylacetamide ; epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) ; A549 cells ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Urological Cancer 2020 collection contains a set of multidisciplinary contributions to the extraordinary heterogeneity of tumor mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapies of the renal, urinary tract, and prostate cancers, with the intention of offering to interested readers a representative snapshot of the status of urological research.
    Keywords: renal cell carcinoma ; iron ; macrophages ; chelation therapy ; urothelial carcinoma ; transcriptome ; microtubule ; MAP1B ; prognosis ; KLF5 ; androgen receptor ; cell proliferation ; tumorigenesis ; prostate cancer ; precision medicine ; whole genome sequencing ; optical mapping ; therapy ; prostate carcinoma ; prostate mpMRI ; machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; deep learning ; neural network ; angiogenesis ; angiogenic growth factors ; antiangiogenic therapy ; renal tumors ; prevention ; α1-adrenoceptor antagonists ; anoikis ; vascularity ; research model ; oncogenes ; tumor suppressor genes ; MR-guided ; radiotherapy ; MRgRT ; stereotactic ablative radiotherapy ; stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) ; renal cell cancer ; RCC ; online adaptive ; [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT ; dual-time point imaging ; delayed imaging ; biphasic imaging ; lesion positivity rate ; CXCL9 ; PD1 ; PD-L1 ; stage T1 NMIBC ; prostatic neoplasms/mortality ; prostatic neoplasms/epidemiology ; SEER Program ; bladder cancer ; transurethral resection ; en-bloc resection ; CPT1A ; fatty acids ; serine ; androgen response ; ROS ; oxidative stress ; DONSON ; Downstream Neighbor of SON ; biomarker ; metastatic spread ; diagnosis ; differential diagnosis ; histopathology ; immunohistochemistry ; stroma signature ; patient-derived xenografts ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: The recognition of the exceptional chemical and biological properties of vanadium compounds has led, in recent decades, to extensive research exploring their chemistry, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry. Due to the prospective application of vanadium compounds as therapeutic agents against diseases such as diabetes, cancer and those provoked by parasites and bacteria, vanadium coordination chemistry and biochemistry has been an area of extensive research. Currently, the most promising potential uses of vanadium compounds are as nutritional supplements and as anticancer agents potentiated by immunotherapy. Nevertheless, researchers from all over the world are dedicating their efforts to vanadium research related to other potential therapeutic applications of vanadium compounds and to obtain insights into their beneficial effects on health and their modes of action. This Special Issue collected research contributions focused on recent advances in vanadium chemistry, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry. I expect that this collection will have a great impact on the future direction of vanadium research.
    Keywords: polyoxometalates ; decavanadate ; cytotoxicity ; insulin-like activity ; diabetes therapy ; vanadium biochemistry ; vanadium speciation ; vanadium ; proteins ; DNA ; fluorescence ; binding constants ; mechanism of action ; oxidovanadium(V) ; vanadium Schiff base coordination complex ; low acute toxicity ; Oxidovanadium(V) ; Schiff base ; X-ray crystallography ; DNA interaction ; 2-aminopyrimidinium ; experimental and theoretical characterization ; DFT ; docking RNA/DNA ; vitamin E ; EPR ; tocopherol ; 51V NMR ; urethane ; aerosol delivery ; lung cancer ; apoptosis ; antineoplastic ; oxidovanadium(IV) phenantrholine chrysin ; vanadium cellular uptake ; anticancer ; albumin interaction ; glycosylated flavonoid ; oxidovanadium(IV) complex ; antitumoral ; antioxidant ; cell signaling ; cancer ; anticancer agents ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: The eight articles published in this Special Issue present original, empirical research, using various methods of data collection and analysis, in relation to topics that are pertinent to the study of Islam and Muslims in Australia. The contributors include long-serving scholars in the field, mid-career researchers, and early career researchers who represent many of Australia’s universities engaged in Islamic and Muslim studies, including the Australian National University, Charles Sturt University, Deakin University, Griffith University, and the University of Newcastle. The topics covered in this Special Issue include how Muslim Australians understand Islam (Rane et al. 2020); ethical and epistemological challenges facing Islamic and Muslim studies researchers (Mansouri 2020); Islamic studies in Australia’s university sector (Keskin and Ozalp 2021); Muslim women’s access to and participation in Australia’s mosques (Ghafournia 2020); religion, belonging and active citizenship among Muslim youth in Australia (Ozalp and Ćufurović), the responses of Muslim community organizations to Islamophobia (Cheikh Hussain 2020); Muslim ethical elites (Roose 2020); and the migration experiences of Hazara Afghans (Parkes 2020).
    Keywords: Islam in the West ; Muslim professionals ; Shari’a ; religious authority ; citizenship ; Islamic finance ; neoliberalism ; religion ; Islam ; Muslims ; Australia ; online survey ; national security ; social cohesion ; Islamophobia ; collective agency ; civil society ; Strong Structuration Theory ; Multiculturalism ; racism ; Australian Muslims ; positional practices ; Muslim migrants ; reporting/representing Islam ; epistemological bias ; social categorisation ; methodological reductionism ; migration ; identity ; lived-experience ; entrepreneurialism ; gender segregation ; mosque ; Muslim women ; religious space ; Islamic studies ; Islamic higher education ; Muslim students ; Islam in university ; Islam in Australia ; classical Islamic studies ; contemporary Islamic studies ; CSU ; ISRA ; CISAC ; Muslim youth ; Muslim youth identity ; Australian Muslim youth ; disengaged identities ; active citizenship ; youth radicalisation ; Muslim youth deradicalisation ; civic engagement ; Muslim civic engagement ; youth civic engagement ; Muslim youth in the west ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRH Islam ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRP Islam
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    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: The management of wildlife populations and their habitats are interdisciplinary fields that encompass many scientific disciplines that also impact the lives of people. Therefore, these are truly applied sciences where human dimensions play an important role.This book highlights the importance of conducting rigorous studies to design and implement the effective management and restoration of wild populations and their habitats. A new paradigm in conservation is developing that goes beyond the boundaries of protected areas to achieve the goal of sustainable development. The 16 papers in this book, including reviews and a project report, cover a broad range of topics, exploring a diversity of subjects that are representative of current practices and novel applications.We would like to thank both the MDPI publishers and editorial staff for their support and help during the process of editing this book, in addition to the authors for their contributions.
    Keywords: road safety ; roadkill ; clustering ; growth rate ; traffic intensity ; mitigation measures ; roadkill analysis ; movement patterns ; habitat characterisation ; multiple criteria ; multi-objective ranking ; environmental awareness ; machine learning ; random forest model ; structural equation modelling ; latent class analysis ; visitor mapping ; social–ecological systems ; cultural rural landscape ; protected areas ; rewilding ; rural socioeconomics ; forest expansion ; rural to urban land conversion ; biocultural heritage ; biodiversity ; naturalness ; land-cover change ; habitat quality ; InVEST ; ecosystem-based approach and assessment ; nature-based solution ; decision-making support ; national park management ; wildlife protection ; biodiversity conservation ; policy framework ; policy formulation ; China ; agricultural management ; amphibians ; beta diversity ; community ecology ; metacommunities ; constructed wetlands ; bats ; urban ecology ; long-term monitoring ; acoustics ; city parks ; community dynamics ; conservation evaluation ; at-risk species ; golden-winged warbler ; landowner incentives ; New England cottontail ; Natural Resources Conservation Service ; U.S. Department of Agriculture ; Working Lands for Wildlife ; camera-trapping ; conservation puma ; relative integrated anthropization index ; INRA ; South American grey fox ; habitat adaptability ; habitat model ; habitat selection ; habitat suitability ; use versus availability ; Maxent ; presence points ; GPS radio-collars ; anthropogenic variables ; species distribution models ; Spermophilus citellus ; maximum entropy modeling ; species distribution modeling ; climate change refugia ; urodela ; salamandridae ; caudata ; biosphere reserve ; habitat restoration ; species management ; life project ; activity patterns ; Lepus granatensis ; population decline ; niche ; Oryctolagus cuniculus ; roadside census ; predator–prey relationships ; spatio-temporal behavior ; abundance ; distance sampling ; population density ; R package ; wildlife survey ; uncertainty ; occupancy modeling ; road ecology ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In this book, the performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts applied in biomass processing was assessed, paying special attention to the main advantages and challenges related to their use. Indeed, these challenges are opportunities to develop new research lines that could be fruitful in the near future. Thus, different studies are included, dealing with diverse subjects, with one main goal in common: the improvement of different aspects related to biomass processing through the use of catalysts.
    Keywords: nanospheroids ; zinc-doped CaO ; natural triglycerides ; aminolysis ; heterogeneous catalyst ; recyclability ; catalyst ; sodium hydroxide ; fatty acid methyl ester ; central composite rotatable design ; operational conditions ; aerated irrigation ; soil enzyme activity ; soil microbial biomass ; soil respiration ; bio-derived phenol ; Ni-Cu-Co/Al2O3 ; in-situ hydrodeoxygenation ; cyclohexane ; hydrogenolysis ; biomass ; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural ; 2,5-furandicrboxylic acid ; aerobic oxidation ; metal catalysts ; acid catalysis ; biodiesel ; biofuel ; esterification ; fatty acid ; methanolysis ; molybdenum oxide ; transesterification ; vegetable oil ; fatty acid methyl esters ; 2-ethyl-1-hexanol ; 1-heptanol ; 4-methyl-2-pentanol ; viscosity ; flash and combustion points ; methyl oleate ; methyl ricinoleate ; cellulase ; cellulose ; paper sludge ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; synergism ; furfural ; carbon-supported catalyst ; xylose conversion ; iron ; heterogeneous catalysts ; thermoset polymer ; epoxy ; cellulose nanofiber ; curing characteristics ; thermal properties ; mechanical properties ; RSM ; numerical optimization ; keratinase ; feather ; Bacillus sp. ; amino acids ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: The extraction and exploration of cellulose-based polymers is an exciting area of research. For many years, wood (especially from bleached kraft wood pulp) was considered the main source of cellulosic compounds because of its abundance in nature. However, in the past decade, researchers have been devoted to finding alternatives to extract cellulose from byproducts of agricultural crops and/or textile wastes, which are both highly available at a very reduced raw material cost. This book brings together original research that details the recent progresses and new developments in this field, and how this research is contributing to a circular economy.
    Keywords: citrus sinensis ; nano-fibrillated cellulose ; silver nanoparticles ; acid hydrolysis ; heavy metal sorption ; anaerobic digestion ; biofuel ; biomass ; cotton-based waste ; closed-loop ; lignocellulose ; textile waste ; cellulose nanofibre ; green materials ; biopolymers ; environmental ; recycled newspaper ; composite laminates ; water resistance ; high strength ; cotton wastes ; textile ; nanomaterials ; cellulose nanocrystal ; extraction methods ; environmental application ; regenerated cellulose fiber ; Au NP ; controllably assembled ; SERS ; dimetridazole ; cellulose hydrogel ; thermo-responsive ; sustained release ; silver sulfadiazine ; burn wound ; polymer ; carpet fiber ; direct analysis in real time ; time of flight ; mass spectrometry ; function switching ; oleamide ; cellulose nanofibers isolation ; carpet wastes ; supercritical carbon dioxide ; enhanced properties ; recovery of cellulose ; textile fibers ; eco-efficiency ; circular economy ; textile industry ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Due to their lightweight and high specific strength, Mg-based alloys are considered as substitutes to their heavier counterparts in applications in which corrosion is non-relevant and weight saving is of importance. Furthermore, due to the biocompatibility of Mg, some alloys with controlled corrosion rates are used as degradable implant materials in the medical sector. The typical processing route of Mg parts incorporates a casting step and, subsequently, a thermo–mechanical treatment. In order to achieve the desired macroscopic properties and thus fulfill the service requirements, thorough knowledge of the relationship between the microstructure, the processing steps, and the resulting property profile is necessary. This Special Issue covers in situ and ex situ experimental and computational investigations of the behavior under thermo–mechanical load of Mg-based alloys utilizing modern characterization and simulation techniques. The papers cover investigations on the effect of rare earth additions on the mechanical properties of different Mg alloys, including the effect of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures, and the experimental and computational investigation of the effect of different processing routes
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; abiotic stress response ; photosynthesis ; phosphoglycolate phosphatase ; photorespiration ; 2-phosphoglycolate ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; glycolate oxidase ; protein phosphorylation ; Zea mays ; Portulaca grandiflora ; C4 photosynthesis ; Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), evolution ; development ; PEP carboxylase ; Portulacaceae ; glycine decarboxylase ; metabolite signaling/acclimation ; TCA cycle ; Calvin–Benson cycle ; photoperiodic changes ; redox-regulation ; environmental adaptation ; Glycolate oxidase ; evolution ; Archaeplastida ; Cyanobacteria ; MCF ; oxidative phosphorylation ; mitochondrial carriers ; transporters ; energy balancing ; cyclic electron flux ; malate valve ; C3 cycle ; acclimation ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; fluctuating light ; natural variation ; pyruvate kinase ; glycolysis ; respiratory metabolism ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This Special Issue, “Plant Oxidative Stress: Biology, Physiology, and Mitigation”, published 11 original research works and 1 review article that discussed the various aspects of ROS Biology, metabolism, and the physiological mechanisms and approaches to mitigating oxidative stress. These types of research studies show further directions for the development of crop plants that are tolerant to abiotic stress in the era of climate change.
    Keywords: heat stress ; grafting ; cucumber ; bitter-melon rootstock ; polyamines ; photosynthesis ; salicylic acid ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; excess boron ; lipid peroxidation ; enzymatic antioxidant ; glutathione ; proline ; stomatal conductance ; arsenic stress ; soybean ; growth ; antioxidant enzymes ; ascorbate–glutathione cycle ; glyoxalase system ; altitudinal variation ; antioxidant activity ; bioactive compounds ; endemic species ; oxidative damage ; sequential application of antioxidants ; salinity ; Cucumis sativus ; photosynthetic efficiency ; antioxidant defense systems ; antioxidants ; cadmium ; oxidative stress ; peptone ; spinach ; alpha-tocopherol ; foliar spray ; okra varieties ; salt ; drought ; plants ; ROS ; genomics ; approaches ; integration ; abiotic stress ; antioxidant defense ; phytohormones ; pulse crop ; water deficit ; AsA-GSH pathway ; methylglyoxal ; micronutrient ; osmoregulation ; reactive oxygen species ; trace elements ; Olea europaea L. ; selenium biofortification ; olive pollen ; cytosolic Ca2+ ; Cucurbita pepo (L.) ; mineral uptake ; nucleic acids ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: According to the National Research Council, the use of embedded systems throughout society could well overtake previous milestones in the information revolution. Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of electronic, mechanical engineering, controls, software and systems engineering in the design of processes and products. Mechatronic systems put “intelligence” into physical systems. Embedded sensors/actuators/processors are integral parts of mechatronic systems. The implementation of mechatronic systems is consistently on the rise. However, manufacturers are working hard to reduce the implementation cost of these systems while trying avoid compromising product quality. One way of addressing these conflicting objectives is through new automatic control methods, virtual sensing/estimation, and new innovative hardware topologies.
    Keywords: independent-wheel drive ; steering assistance ; nonlinear system ; active disturbance rejection control ; smooth road feeling ; city bus transport ; electric vehicles ; electrification ; software tool ; planning ; control ; charging management ; simulation ; analysis ; energy management ; hybrid electric vehicle ; powertrain electrification ; equivalent consumption minimization ; supercharging ; hardware-in-the-loop experiments ; driving force distribution ; decentralized traction system ; 4WD electric vehicle ; energy efficiency ; traction control ; efficiency optimization ; air mobility ; fuel cell hybrid aircraft ; stochastic optimal control ; drift counteraction optimal control ; normal force estimation ; unbiased minimum variance estimation ; controller output observer ; youla parameterization ; adaptive cruise control ; automated driving ; energy-saving ; fuel-saving ; optimal control ; passenger comfort ; new energy vehicles ; speed prediction ; macroscopic traffic model ; traffic big-data ; deep learning ; vehicle lateral dynamic and control ; unresolved issues ; application of speed prediction ; electric vehicle ; hybrid vehicle ; lithium ion ; ultracapacitor ; battery aging ; EHB ; EMB ; EWB ; system modeling ; bond graph ; optimization ; control design ; Youla parameterization ; robust control ; nonlinear optimization ; brake-by-wire ; actuator ; electro-mechanical brake ; electronic wedge brake ; electro-hydraulic brake ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: This book consists of 12 original research articles and one comprehensive review from invited chemists from around the world covering different fields of chemistry. The article on analytical chemistry features the analysis of highly polar metabolites in biological fluids, the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a gas chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry, and the synthesis of MoS2 nanostructures for the production of near-infrared photodetectors. The environmental chemistry articles include discussions on weekly and longitudinal elemental variability in hair samples, use of bottom ash as a stabilizing agent, the removal of phosphorus from the effluent of a paper company, and the chemistry and consequences of arsenic contamination of groundwater. Polymer/coating chemistry coverage includes the incorporation of superabsorbent polymers into cementitious-based composite materials, the use of licorice root extracts for edible coatings and postharvest quality improvement, and the use of mucin-grafted polyethylene glycol-based micro- for the oral delivery of insulin. The reported research on nanomaterials chemistry covers the synthesis of ZnO-doped ceria nanorods made up of CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides, and the production of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic bonded joints with novel carbon nanotube (CNT) adhesive films. A final paper on flavonol chemistry utilizes LC-MS/MS to investigate the stability of four common types of dietary flavonols.
    Keywords: carbon nanotubes ; aging ; structural health monitoring ; water uptake ; adhesive film ; surfactant ; insulin ; mucin ; polyethylene glycol ; microparticles ; toxicology ; biomass production ; Chlorella vulgaris ; microalgae ; nutrients removal ; paper industry effluent ; effluent treatment ; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ; urine ; doping analysis ; dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) ; gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ; sewage sludge disposal ; municipal solid waste ; co-combustion ; fly ash ; bottom ash ; heavy metal stabilization ; polar amino acids ; mixed cationic-RP column ; LC-HRMS ; BMAA ; TMAO ; flavonols ; H2O2 ; saliva ; metabolism ; oxidation ; LC-MS/MS ; CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides ; zinc oxide ; ceria nanorods ; oxygen storage capacity ; CO oxidation ; licorice ; chitosan ; edible coating ; strawberry shelf life ; rheological properties ; ultrasound-assisted extraction ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; self-healing ; SAP ; microCT ; cementitious materials ; mortar ; hairs ; variability ; week ; longitudinal ; element ; metals ; INAA ; occupational exposure ; unexposed subject ; MoS2 ; microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis ; low-cost photosensors ; arsenic ; groundwater ; contamination ; water quality ; domestic filter systems ; health effects ; treatment methods ; Bangladesh ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: This reprint describes recent advances made in the field of antifungal development, especially the discovery of new drugs and drug repurposing. The articles presented in this book provide useful information and insight for the development of new antifungal drugs or intervention strategies. The identification of new, safe molecules, and cellular targets, as well as the elucidation of their antifungal mechanisms of action, will further the effective control of fungal pathogens, especially those resistant to current therapeutic agents.
    Keywords: nanoparticles ; fungi ; drug delivery systems ; marine ; biological synthesis ; myconanotechnology ; canesten ; clotrimazole ; vulvovaginal ; vaginitis ; mycosis ; candidosis ; yeast infection ; candida ; candida albicans ; vaginal health ; anticandidal activity ; indazole ; pyrazole ; 3-phenyl-1H-indazole ; drug design ; acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) ; capsule ; CAP64 ; Cryptococcus ; membrane potential (ΔΨM) ; photodynamic treatment ; photosensitiser ; ultrastructure ; drug repurposing ; antifungals ; repositioning ; yeasts ; emerging fungi ; multidrug resistance ; therapeutic alternatives ; new targets ; Candida auris ; Aspergillus spp. ; antifungal ; beta-glucan ; polycations ; Galleria mellonella model ; retinoids ; Candida spp. ; onychomycosis ; Malassezia spp. ; dermatophytes ; microbiology ; mycology ; all-trans retinoic acid ; Acanthamoeba ; free-living ameba ; Acanthamoeba keratitis ; isavuconazonium sulfate ; cyst ; drug ; drug discovery ; drug targets ; invasive aspergillosis treatment ; invasive fungal infections ; fission yeast ; cell wall ; β(1,3)-D-glucan synthase ; antifungal drugs ; echinocandin drugs ; echinocandin resistance ; Fks resistance hot spots ; cytokinesis ; septation ; cell separation ; cell integrity ; cell lysis ; sporotrichosis ; Felis catus ; quinones ; hydrazones ; zoonoses ; host-directed drug therapy ; azoles ; polyenes ; echinocandins ; viral infections ; azole ; synergy ; resistance ; Candida ; natural products ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: This reprint contains contributions focusing on recent developments in the design, synthesis, and characterization of nanocatalysts intended for applications in environmental protection and low carbon footprint power generation processes thanks to the overall effort of scientists and researchers for a cleaner and more sustainable future. New synthetic approaches to the production and in-depth characterization of innovative nanostructured composites and hybrid materials with well-controlled textural and surface chemistry properties that give performance advantages in a variety of important environmental and energy applications such as CO2 utilization/recycling, hydrogen and syngas production, biosensing, and biocatalysis as well as in ways to obtain useful materials from waste are included, among others. This reprint is the result of one of the cutting-edge Special Issues in the field of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology organized by Nanomaterials to celebrate its 10th anniversary.
    Keywords: nanocarbon ; rocket fuels ; furfuryl alcohol ; fuming nitric acid ; waste ; hypergolics ; carbon materials ; CO2 methanation ; bimetallic catalysts ; Ni-based catalysts ; promoters ; alloy nanoparticles ; bimetallic synergy ; hybrid nanoflowers ; biosynthesis ; influencing factors ; biosensing cues ; bio-catalysis ; propane ; steam reforming ; hydrogen production ; perovskite ; ruthenium ; rhodium ; La2O2CO3 ; stability ; propane steam reforming ; H2 production ; Ni ; TiO2 ; CeO2 ; YSZ ; ZrO2 ; Al2O3 ; drifts ; n/a ; HDO reaction ; transition metal phosphides ; structure ; acidity ; characterization ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Chronic intestinal diseases are increasing around the world. With poor quality of life and expensive healthcare costs, the patients demand novel approaches and treatments for better clinical outcomes. This book illustrates the state of the art and the envisaged near future in the management of these pathologies.
    Keywords: chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction ; parenteral nutrition ; pediatrics ; myopathy ; neuropathy ; IBS ; microbiota ; visceral hypersensitivity ; colorectal motility ; inflammatory bowel disease ; Crohn’s disease ; ulcerative colitis ; anti-TNF ; ustekinumab ; vedolizumab ; postoperative complications ; surgery ; preoperative therapy ; biologic therapy ; bio-naïve ; IBD ; pro-inflammatory cytokines ; lymphocyte migration ; treatment ; inflammatory bowel diseases ; biologic treatment ; combination ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Three-dimensional (3D) printing has evolved massively during the last years. The 3D printing technologies offer various advantages, including: i) tailor-made design, ii) rapid prototyping, and iii) manufacturing of complex structures. Importantly, 3D printing is currently finding its potential in tissue engineering, wound dressings, tissue models for drug testing, prosthesis, and biosensors, to name a few. One important factor is the optimized composition of inks that can facilitate the deposition of cells, fabrication of vascularized tissue and the structuring of complex constructs that are similar to functional organs. Biocomposite inks can include synthetic and natural polymers, such as poly (ε-caprolactone), polylactic acid, collagen, hyaluronic acid, alginate, nanocellulose, and may be complemented with cross-linkers to stabilize the constructs and with bioactive molecules to add functionality. Inks that contain living cells are referred to as bioinks and the process as 3D bioprinting. Some of the key aspects of the formulation of bioinks are, e.g., the tailoring of mechanical properties, biocompatibility and the rheological behavior of the ink which may affect the cell viability, proliferation, and cell differentiation.The current Special Issue emphasizes the bio-technological engineering of novel biocomposite inks for various 3D printing technologies, also considering important aspects in the production and use of bioinks.
    Keywords: bacteria biofabrication ; 3D printing ; tissue engineering ; probiotic food ; pine sawdust ; soda ethanol pulping ; nanocellulose ; cytotoxicity ; absorption ; wound dressings ; bioprinting ; cellulose ; hydrogel ; physical cross-linking ; 3D bioprinting ; biocomposite ink ; tubular tissue ; tubular organ ; bacterial nanocellulose ; cellulose nanofibrils ; cellulose nanocrystals ; bioink ; collagen ; ECM ; extracellular matrix ; bioinks ; biomanufacturing ; biocomposite ; forest-based MFC ; fibrils ; additive manufacturing ; artificial limb ; fused deposition modeling (FDM) ; biofabrication ; hydrogels ; growth factor cocktail ; bioactive scaffold ; printability ; carboxylated agarose ; free-standing ; human nasal chondrocytes ; clinical translational ; polyhydroxyalkanoates ; scaffolds ; biomedicine ; drug delivery ; vessel stenting ; cancer ; 3D cell culture ; CNF ; cancer stemness ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This Special Issue is aimed to offer an overview of studies presenting new rehabilitation approaches addressed to children with neurodevelopmental disorders, designed to enhance the effects of learning processes through the use of new technologies. The contributions of this Special Issue, authored by researchers and clinicians from some of the most valued Italian scientific institutions in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders, can offer some useful data and advice on the use of technology in rehabilitation and telerehabilitation to researchers, rehabilitators, clinicians and pratictioners (psychologists, neuropsychologists, speech therapists, etc.).
    Keywords: neurorehabilitation ; cognitive enhancement in children ; tech mediated rehabilitation ; developmental coordination disorders ; virtual reality ; telerehabilitation ; specific learning disorders ; cerebral palsy ; well-being ; dyslexia ; rhythm ; music therapy ; intervention ; developmental dyslexia ; new technologies ; augmented reality ; good practices ; Delphi method ; rehabilitation ; remote intervention ; children ; age ; severity ; improvement ; follow-up ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Coastal regions are susceptible to rapid changes, as they constitute the boundary between the land and the sea. The resilience of a particular segment of coast depends on many factors, including climate change, sea-level changes, natural and technological hazards, extraction of natural resources, population growth, and tourism. Recent research highlights the strong capabilities for remote sensing applications to monitor, inventory, and analyze the coastal environment. This book contains 12 high-quality and innovative scientific papers that explore, evaluate, and implement the use of remote sensing sensors within both natural and built coastal environments.
    Keywords: big data applications ; data processing ; data visualization ; neural networks ; reduction ; coastal waters ; urban expansion ; remote sensing and GIS ; expansion types and rates ; major explanatory factors ; Miami metropolitan area ; cliff coastlines ; cliff retreat ; time-series analysis ; airborne laser scanner ; warm upwelling ; sea surface temperature ; numerical modelling ; winter ; southern Baltic Sea ; beach monitoring ; mobile terrestrial LiDAR ; intensity calibration ; beach surface moisture ; Baltic coast ; Poland ; CORINE Land Cover ; land cover flow ; urbanisation ; afforestation ; deforestation ; spatial analysis ; SDGs ; coastal habitats ; ecosystem monitoring ; land cover mapping ; random forest algorithm ; Sentinel-2 ; modified soil-adjusted vegetation index 2–MSAVI2 ; normalized difference water index 2–NDWI2 ; brightness index 2–BI2 ; oil spill ; remote sensing ; review ; machine learning ; deep learning ; trajectory modeling ; vulnerability assessment ; coastal geomorphology ; shoreline change ; coastal process ; monitoring ; geomatic techniques ; Po River Delta ; archival multi-temporal data ; coastline changes ; emerged/submerged surfaces ; land subsidence ; relative sea level rise 2100 ; land cover ; dune coast ; air photograph ; South Baltic Sea ; coastal monitoring ; estuaries ; IoT ; lidar ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: There is a growing recognition that rapid action in response to climate change is urgently necessary, and that many of the responsibilities for this action (e.g., relating to transport, land-use planning and economic development) rest at the local level. This is attested to by the growing number of local authorities that have declared climate emergencies across the globe. Responding to this emergency will require significant changes in the assumptions, expectations, priorities and procedures of locally elected representatives and government officials. This Special Issue will explore the responses of local government, as a key locus of sustainability governance, to the need for rapid climate action, drawing on examples from diverse locations (UK, western Europe, Chile and South Africa) and at various scales (from the smallest local areas, to city regions, counties and provinces).
    Keywords: climate change ; local government ; climate governance ; urban transport ; politics ; local climate action ; climate emergency ; phronesis ; practical wisdom ; crisis ; UK ; Paris Agreement ; carbon budgets ; transport ; governance ; carbon accounting ; scalar ; top-down ; bottom-up ; local governments ; critical infrastructure investment ; capacities ; political leadership attributes ; municipal organizational robustness ; Chile ; pop-up consultancy centre ; local authorities ; home renovation ; decentralised approach ; home-owner renovation journey ; business models ; multi-level governance ; informal settlements ; sanitation services ; institutional remaking ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: This reprint reports on new advances in basic and applied research of soil pollution and remediation. A list of contaminants are targeted, including toxic metal(loid)s (e.g., Pb, As, Sb, and multi-metals), organic contaminants (e.g., organochlorine pesticides, phenanthrene, and petroleum), and antibiotics (e.g., sulfadiazine). The occurrence, environmental behaviors, and risks of these contaminants are explored. Special attention is devoted to techniques for the remediation of polluted soils, such as stabilization/solidification, photocatalytic degradation, and thermal desorption. This reprint provides new insights into soil pollution and remediation.
    Keywords: miyun reservoir ; pollution assessment ; binary mixing model ; source appointment ; illegal use ; non-point source pollution ; agricultural use ; veterinary use ; Three Gorges ; sulfadiazine ; Cu2+ co-existence ; paddy soils ; adsorption ; soil properties ; β-CD modified BC ; stabilization/solidification ; response surface methodology ; synchronous adsorption investigations ; PHe ; primary explosives site ; heavy metal contamination ; antimony ; co-occurring metal ; Fe–Al-based amendment ; immobilization ; heavy metals ; input flux ; source ; management ; garland chrysanthemum ; lettuce ; antioxidant defense enzymes ; GSH ; PCs ; comprehensive evaluation method ; contaminated soil ; ex situ thermal desorption ; environmental impact ; resource utilization ; low-molecular-weight organic acid salts ; phosphate ; arsenic-contaminated soil ; microorganisms ; nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) ; biochar ; photocatalysis ; synergy ; TPH ; soil ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology::TQK Pollution control
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Pharmaceuticals represent an especially worrying class of micropollutants because they are biologically active. Thus, their occurrence in aquatic environments may cause undesirable effects in living organisms and, if present in water sources for human consumption, may constitute a public health issue. However, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which have not been designed for the removal of pharmaceuticals and cannot guarantee their full elimination, are considered hotspots for their dissemination in natural waters. In this context, the Special Issue (SI) entitled “Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Water: Conventional and Alternative Treatments” was launched to contribute to the assessment of the contemporary challenges and advances in the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater. Papers published in the SI, which have been compiled in this book, approached the topic with either of the following different perspectives: (i) the fate and removal of pharmaceuticals by conventional treatments applied in existing WWTPs; or (ii) advanced and alternative green approaches to remove pharmaceuticals from water. Apart from the Editorial, papers published within this SI include two literature reviews and six experimental studies, all of them presenting unconventional approaches, original views, innovative research and/or novel methodologies. This compilation will definitely spark the attention of readers intrigued in the topic, and is useful for researchers in the field.
    Keywords: transportation of pharmaceuticals ; Malaysian aquatic environment ; pharmaceutical consumption ; LC-ToF/MS ; emerging contaminants (ECs) ; sorption ; wastewater treatment ; bioremediation ; algae ; Moringa stenopetala ; water-soluble proteins ; antibiotics removal efficiency ; pharmaceuticals ; water quality ; water treatment ; abatement options ; fungi ; biosorption ; removal of pharmaceuticals ; wastewater ; phyco-remediation ; emerging contaminants ; paracetamol ; Danio rerio ; advanced oxidation processes ; antibiotics ; photolysis ; ozone ; hydrogen peroxide ; Fenton ; heterogeneous photocatalysis ; sonochemical oxidation ; electrooxidation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: The present book contributes to the public administration literature by providing new insights into corporate social responsibility (CSR), sustainability initiatives, and stakeholder engagement in the higher education context. The fourteen papers published in this Special Issue discuss the role of public universities in promoting sustainability actions, university missions, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) embedded in the 2030 UN Agenda. In each contribution, avenues for research are suggested and, most importantly, stronger analytical connections are advocated between these inter-related research areas. In more detail, two papers focus their attention on university transparency and the processes’ complexity in public institutions. Furthermore, two papers focus on CSR teaching and education, three papers analyze universities’ social responsibility initiatives, and five papers focus on the SDGs. Lastly, taking into account how social networks have changed university communication and become powerful tools for building relationships with stakeholders, two papers of the Special Issue consider social media’s role in university communications.
    Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals ; higher education ; sustainability reporting ; Global Reporting Initiative ; thematic analysis ; CSR ; SDGs ; sustainable development ; institutionalization ; strategic plan ; performance measurement ; university ; university social responsibility ; universities ; social responsibility ; CSR reporting ; Italy ; sustainable development goals ; case study ; strategies ; reporting ; education ; Economia Aziendale ; CSR3 ; business ethics ; corporate social responsibility disclosure ; stakeholders engagement ; social network ; Twitter ; sustainability ; Italian universities ; stakeholder engagement ; social media ; disclosure ; corporate social responsibility (CSR) ; corporate strategy ; transparency ; public research institutes ; information disclosure ; public administration ; social justice ; university leadership ; efficiency ; support activities ; processes ; SDG 5 ; gender reporting ; gender budgeting ; Italian university ; the impact ranking ; social accounting theories ; CRUI guidelines ; teaching ; responsibility ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Mechanical and hydraulic soil properties are strongly affected by the degree of saturation, with important consequences for earthen embankments, soil–vegetation–atmosphere interactions, geoenvironmental applications, and risk mitigation. The presence of sloping ground surfaces is common. In slightly inclined natural slopes, susceptible to deep landslides, the unsaturated condition of shallow soil horizons affects deep pore water pressures and, therefore, global stability. The stability of steep mountains covered by shallow deposits is often guaranteed by a shear strength contribution related to the unsaturated condition. In this case, the degree of saturation plays a key role in determining which rainfall events can act as landslide triggers, consequently controlling the post-failure evolution. Partial saturation is the basic characteristic of soils used as construction materials of geo-structures such as levees, dikes, and dams. It governs the structure behavior during construction phases, in serviceability, and in extreme scenarios. Hoping to provide a bridge between theoretical research and practical applications, this Special Issue collects quality contributions related to natural and artificial slopes under unsaturated conditions, focusing on aspects such as: water retention and transport properties, mechanical behavior, advances in experimental methods, laboratory and in situ characterization, field monitoring, geotechnical and geophysical field tests, landslide investigation and prevention, the design and maintenance of engineered slopes, and the constitutive and numerical modeling of hydro-mechanical behavior.
    Keywords: landslide ; soil slide ; LAMP ; soil water content ; soil moisture ; monitoring ; calibration ; installation ; rainfall ; debris flow ; in situ characterization ; triaxial tests ; unsaturated conditions ; unsaturated slope ; Ruedlingen field experiment ; lateral resistance ; limit equilibrium solution ; riverbank ; unsaturated soils ; water retention curve ; unsaturated permeability curve ; transient seepage ; slope stability ; pyroclastic soils ; infiltration ; capillary barriers ; stability analysis ; water retention ; suction ; silty sands ; commercial experimental techniques ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The ocean is the cradle of life and is rich in natural resources. With the worldwide boom in exploration and application of ocean resources, a dramatically increasing amount of coastal engineering and offshore engineering facilities have been constructed in the last few decades. The rapid development of human economic activities and the global climate change have significant impacts on the marine environment, resulting in frequent geological disasters. Under this circumstance, there is an urgent demand for a platform for scientists and engineers to share their state-of-art research outcomes in the field of Marine Engineering Geology. This book is a collection of a series of articles from the 2nd International Symposium of Marine Engineering Geology (ISMEG 2019), presenting some of the recent efforts made towards marine engineering geology and geotechnics, including theoretical advances, laboratory and field testing, design methods, and the potential for further development of these disciplines.
    Keywords: marine soft soil ; double-layer foundation ; consolidation theory ; drainage boundary ; spudcan ; skirted footing ; footprint ; jack-up ; clay ; large deformation analysis ; coral sands ; porous media ; model test ; dispersion ; mechanical dispersion ; molecular diffusion ; soft clay ; cyclic loads ; residual pore pressure ; suction anchor ; wave ; seafloor instability ; pore pressure ; slide surface ; gas distribution ; meshfree method ; VARANS ; Biot’s “u − p” approximation ; wave-current induced seabed response ; immersed tunnel ; sediment liquefaction ; heavy metal ; migration ; interior of sediment ; the subaqueous Yellow River Delta ; ocean waves ; double-frequency microseisms ; continental margin ; continental slope ; coral sand ; Fujian sand ; shaking table test ; dynamic response ; pile group ; marine engineering ; seismic liquefaction ; novel liquefaction-resistant structures ; mitigation strategies ; sand wave ; pressure sensing technique ; physical model test ; field application ; wingsail ; aerodynamics ; numerical simulation ; marine silty sand ; small-strain stiffness ; Hardin model ; binary packing model ; dredging and reclamation ; constitutive relationship ; centrifugal experiment ; void ratio–effective stress ; void ratio–permeability coefficient ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: Gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) are two phytohormones that regulate, in an antagonistic way, plant growth as well as several developmental processes from seed maturation and germination to flowering time, through hypocotyl elongation and root growth. In general, ABA and GA inhibit and promote, respectively, cell elongation and growth. Consequently, this mutual antagonism between GA and ABA governs many developmental decisions in plants.In addition to its role as a growth and development modulator, ABA is primarily known for being a major player in the response and adaptation of plants to diverse abiotic stress conditions, including cold, heat, drought, salinity or flooding. Remarkably, different works have also recently pointed to a function for GA in the control of some biological processes in response to stress.The selection of research and review papers of this book, mostly focused on ABA, covers a wide range of topics related to the most recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of ABA and GA functions in plants.
    Keywords: Picea wilsonii ; transcription factor ; PwNAC11 ; drought stress ; ABA signaling ; Arabidopsis ; GA signaling ; AGB1 ; MYB62 ; protein interaction ; ABA deficiency ; fruit dehydration ; gene expression ; hormone application ; Pinalate ; postharvest ; upstream open reading frame ; translation ; abscisic acid ; protein kinase WNK8 ; ABA ; drought ; metabolites ; signaling ; crop breeding ; carotenoid ; CCD ; NCED ; poplar ; gibberellin (GA) ; abscisic acid (ABA) ; seed development ; seed maturation ; alternative splicing ; abiotic stress responses ; plant development ; root and tuber crops ; stem/root tuber development ; GA ; gibberellic acid ; arabidopsis ; ABI5 ; ABI5-binding proteins (AFPs) ; DELLA proteins ; SLEEPY1 ; germination ; dormancy ; storage proteins ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 77
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Long-term exposure to environmental toxicants is estimated to account for 70–90% of the risks of acquiring chronic ailments. Presently, chronic kidney disease and infertility affect a significant proportion of the world population, while research data indicate that exposure to toxic metals may contribute to the looming statistics. Alarming evidence suggests that exposure to the heavy metal cadmium may affect every stage of life, and exposure in early life may determine susceptibility to certain diseases in adulthood. Prevention of these outcomes requires avoidance of further environmental contamination, minimization of exposure, and reduction of toxic metals in food crops to the lowest achievable levels.
    Keywords: Trace elements ; hair ; children ; hazardous waste incinerator ; Constantí (Catalonia, Spain) ; blood lead level ; boatyard ; childhood ; lead poisoning ; fishing community ; lead weights ; β2-microglobulin ; cadmium ; creatinine clearance ; glomerular filtration ; N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase ; nephron mass ; nephrotoxicity ; trace elements ; autopsy tissues ; temporal trends ; creatinine excretion ; glomerular filtration rate ; lead ; kidney ; endocytosis ; metallothionein ; flow cytometry ; proximal tubule epithelial cells ; OGTT ; minimal model ; glucose response mechanism ; genotoxicity ; aluminum chloride ; rats ; food ; farmer ; PTWI (provisional tolerable monthly intake) ; TWI (tolerable weekly intake) ; Monte Carlo simulation ; mercury ; obesogen ; lipid profiles ; hyperlipidemia ; elevated liver enzymes ; hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] ; mitochondrial fragmentation ; dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) ; mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (MRCC I) ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; blood lead ; cellular immunity ; phagocytosis ; humoral munity ; immunosuppression ; insulin ; diabetes ; hyperglycemia ; hyperinsulinemia ; lipogenic ; β-cell toxicity ; stroke ; cerebrovascular accident ; heavy metal ; rare earth element ; case-control study ; mortality ; lifetime cadmium intake ; renal diseases ; urinary cadmium ; a follow-up study ; diet ; kidney function ; chronic kidney disease ; threshold limit ; tolerable intake level ; heavy metals ; birth weight ; preterm birth ; diet pattern ; Mediterranean diet ; pregnancy ; toxic metals ; reproduction ; testicular and ovarian structure ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine
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  • 78
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Exceptional loads on buildings and structures are known to take origin and manifest from different causes, like natural hazards and possible high-strain dynamic effects, human-made attacks and impact issues for load-bearing components, possible accidents, and even unfavorable/extreme operational conditions. All these aspects can be critical for specific structural typologies and/or materials that are particularly sensitive to external conditions. In this regard, dedicated analysis methods and performance indicators are required for the design and maintenance under the expected lifetime. Typical issues and challenges can find huge efforts and clarification in research studies, which are able to address with experiments and/or numerical analyses the expected performance and capacity of a given structural system, with respect to demands. Accordingly, especially for existing structures or strategic buildings, the need for retrofit or mitigation of adverse effects suggests the definition of optimal and safe use of innovative materials, techniques, and procedures. This Special Issue follows the first successful edition and confirms the need of continuous research efforts in support of building design under extreme loads, with a list of original research papers focused on various key aspects of structural performance assessment for buildings and systems under exceptional design actions and operational conditions.
    Keywords: blast loads ; slab-column joints ; prediction model ; damage level ; progressive collapse ; steel beam-to-column connections ; catenary mechanism ; double-span assemblies ; stiffness degradation ; timber-to-timber composite (TCC) joints ; push-out (PO) test setup ; inclined self-tapping screws (STSs) ; finite-element (FE) method ; cohesive zone modelling (CZM) method ; boundaries ; friction ; sensitivity study ; prototype abutment ; non-destructive test ; surcharge load ; mode number ; scour ; steel truss ; roof structure ; partial collapse ; finite element analysis ; lightning strike ; cable-stayed bridge ; social disaster ; blast scenario ; blast analysis ; LS-DYNA ; balau wood ; cross-arm ; transmission tower ; bracing system ; creep ; findley’s power law model ; burger model ; top-seat angle connections (TSACW) ; component-based models ; initial stiffness ; ultimate moment capacity ; moment-rotation relation ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; sensitivity analysis (SA) ; reinforced concrete column ; multi-column pier ; seismic behavior ; lap-splice ; transverse reinforcement ; plastic hinge ; ductility ; bonded-in rod (BiR) connections ; adhesives ; fracture modes ; moisture ; experiments ; linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) ; analytical model ; aeroelastic experiments ; experimental uncertainty ; singular value decomposition ; correlation field ; cathedral ; foundation rehabilitation ; jacked-in piles ; soil injection ; cracks ; masonry ; differential equation of motion ; Legendre–Galerkin matrix (LGM) method ; algebraic polynomials ; single degree of freedom (SDOF) ; multi degree of freedom (MDOF) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 79
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Electrical machines are one of the most important components of the industrial world. They are at the heart of the new industrial revolution, brought forth by the development of electromobility and renewable energy systems. Electric motors must meet the most stringent requirements of reliability, availability, and high efficiency in order, among other things, to match the useful lifetime of power electronics in complex system applications and compete in the market under ever-increasing pressure to deliver the highest performance criteria. Today, thanks to the application of highly efficient numerical algorithms running on high-performance computers, it is possible to design electric machines and very complex drive systems faster and at a lower cost. At the same time, progress in the field of material science and technology enables the development of increasingly complex motor designs and topologies. The purpose of this Special Issue is to contribute to this development of electric machines. The publication of this collection of scientific articles, dedicated to the topic of electric machine design and application, contributes to the dissemination of the above information among professionals dealing with electrical machines.
    Keywords: electric AWD tractor ; SOC level ; simulation model ; load measurement system ; driving test ; brushless direct current motor with permanent magnet (BLDCM) ; winding configurations ; star ; delta ; star–delta ; fault states ; open circuit (OC) ; FFT ; neutral-point voltage ; electrical machine ; hydro generator ; faulty synchronization ; finite element method ; field-circuit modeling ; permanent magnet machines ; hybrid excitation ; electric vehicles ; wind power generator ; finite element methods ; variable speed machines ; synchronous generator ; permanent magnets ; demagnetization ; motor control ; switched reluctance motor ; MATLAB ; simulation ; wheel hub motor ; electric drive ; permanent magnet synchronous motor ; electrical machines ; thermal modeling ; preformed coils ; insulation systems ; pre-shaped conductor ; system model ; structural dynamics ; multibody simulation ; transient electrical machine model ; permanent magnet synchronous machine ; induction machine ; dynamic gear forces ; planetary gear ; synchronous condenser ; different materials ; magnetic flux leakage in the end ; eddy current loss ; fluid–solid coupling ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; interior PM synchronous motor ; surface PM synchronous motor ; traction applications ; finite element analysis ; flux switching machine ; flux bridge ; magnetic flux leakage ; variable flux machine ; axial flux generator ; spatial harmonic interaction ; harmonic balance method ; turbo-generator ; eddy current losses ; data driven ; support vector regression ; multi-layer perceptron ; vane pump ; electric motor ; integrated motor-pump assembly (IMPA) ; balanced vane pump ; fluid power drives ; brushless DC electric motor ; permanent magnet machine ; measurements ; high-speed motor ; electromagnetic analysis ; mechanical analysis ; thermal analysis ; electromechanical convertor ; drive system component ; electromagnetic calculation ; MR fluids ; MR multi-disc clutch ; clutch design ; electric train ; hybrid excited linear flux switching machine ; rope-less elevator ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 80
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This Special Issue was intended to contribute to the sustainable mobility agenda through enhanced scientific and multi-disciplinary knowledge to investigate concerns and real possibilities in the achievement of a greener mobility and to support the debate between industry and academic researchers, providing an interesting overview on new needs and investigation topics required for future developments.
    Keywords: digging trajectory ; cable shovel ; robotic excavation ; multi-objective genetic algorithm ; electric vehicle ; propulsion cooling system ; modularity ; thermal management ; control optimization ; driving cycle ; energy consumption ; Markov chains ; driving range ; electrification ; green mobility ; compact off-highway vehicles ; battery electric ; urban air mobility ; WTW emissions ; hybrid electric vehicles ; battery aging ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 81
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Salamanders are relevant components of many terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, despite the importance of salamanders in many resource–consumer networks, their functional role remains remarkably understudied. Therefore, this volume, entitled The Ecological Role of Salamanders as Prey and Predators, provides an opportunity for researchers to highlight the new research on the ecological role of salamanders and newts in prey–predator systems, their trophic behavior, and the variability of their trophic niche in space and time. Various innovative methods, such as COI metabarcoding and network analysis, are applied in the present study to test both the classical and new hypotheses concerning the trophic ecology of salamanders and their interactions with their prey. The present volume is composed of one review and seven research papers, all of which are published after undergoing a complete and impartial peer-review process.
    Keywords: artificial cave ; ecotone ; prey-predator system ; salamanders ; Speleomantes ; subterranean habitat ; amphibia ; energy flow ; habitat coupling ; predator–prey interactions ; top–down control ; trophic cascades ; trophic ecology ; Urodela ; cave biology ; prey ; hypogean ; underground ; stygofauna ; Monolistra ; Sphaeromatidae ; Niphargus ; flatworm ; aqueduct ; seepage ; individual diet specialization ; ecological opportunity ; diet ; plethodontid ; community ecology ; Triturus ; Lissotriton ; coexisting species ; trophic niche ; niche width ; niche variation hypothesis ; amphibians ; feeding ecology ; individual specialization ; resource selection ; Hydromantes ; body condition ; biospeleology ; parental species ; size ; capture-mark-recapture ; COI ; DNA metabarcoding ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: Recent research of epidural and transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation has demonstrated unprecedented improvements in motor function thought to be irreversibly lost due to chronic, severe spinal cord injury. Studies in parallel assess these methods for spasticity management as an alternative to medications that are often accompanied by deleterious side effects. As a noninvasive intervention, transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation holds the great potential to find its way into wide clinical application. Its firm establishment and lasting acceptance as clinical practice in spinal cord injury will not only hinge on the demonstration of safety and efficacy, but also on the delineation of a conceptual framework of the underlying physiological mechanisms. This will also require advancing our understanding of immediate and temporary effects of transcutaneous spinal cord on neuronal circuits in the intact and injured spinal cord. The purpose of this collection of papers is to bring together peers in the field to share—and eventually fuse—their pertinent research into current neurorehabilitation practice by providing a clinical perspective and novel insights into the underlying mechanisms.
    Keywords: human ; neuromodulation ; neurorehabilitation ; non-invasive ; spinal cord injury ; transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation ; evoked potentials motor ; motor activity ; spinal cord stimulation ; spinal reflexes ; voluntary ankle control ; walking ; hand training ; combined intervention ; cervical spinal cord ; activity-based therapy ; gait ; locomotion ; paraplegia ; task-specific training ; tetraplegia ; use-dependent plasticity ; antispasmodic ; electrical stimulation ; pendulum test ; intensity effect ; muscle strength effect ; cervical ; corticospinal pathway ; spinal reflex ; electrically evoked spinal motor potentials ; cervical spinal cord injury ; motor evoked potentials ; automation ; electromyography ; noninvasive ; Parkinson’s disease ; posterior root-muscle reflexes ; spasticity ; transcutaneous ; biophysics ; H reflex ; M wave ; posterior root-muscle reflex ; posterior root stimulation ; spine alignment ; spinal cord ; spine ; spinal stimulation ; corticospinal tract ; functional connectivity ; movement ; sensorimotor networks ; task dependence ; interlimb coordination ; rehabilitation ; neurophysiology ; Hoffmann (H)-reflex ; motor-evoked potential ; electroencephalography ; event-related desynchronisation ; posterior root muscle reflex ; evoked potentials ; lumbar spinal cord ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJN Neurology & clinical neurophysiology
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The concept of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) encompasses novel kinds of medicines for human use that are based on genes, cells or tissues. These intend to offer not only regeneration, but complete functional recovery of diseased tissues and organs using different strategies. Gene therapy, cell therapy and tissue engineering are the main areas in which promising advanced therapies are emerging. The eye is a very complex organ whose main structures, the cornea and the retina, play a pivotal role in maintaining normal vision, as severe alterations in these tissues can lead to blindness. Ocular tissues are starting to benefit from ATMPs by fighting against the enormous complexity and devastating potential of many ocular diseases. However, developments arising from this field of work face important challenges related to vectors to deliver drugs and genetic material to target tissues, suitable biomaterials to prepare cell scaffolds and cell stemness, among others—not to mention the complicated legislation around ATMPs, the complexity in production and quality control and the absence of standardized protocols.The purpose of this Special Issue is to serve as an overview of the current progress in the application of cell and gene therapies, as well as tissue engineering to restore functionality in diseased ocular structures, and the challenges linked to reaching patients.
    Keywords: MPC polymer ; dry eye ; ocular surface ; lacrimal fluid ; mucin ; 3D bioprinting ; cornea ; retina ; ophthalmology ; tissue regeneration ; electrospinning ; conjunctiva ; decellularized tissue matrix ; small intestinal submucosa ; urinary bladder matrix ; polycaprolactone ; fiber ; tissue engineering ; stratification ; conjunctival epithelial cells ; hydrogel ; keratoplasty ; scaffold ; collagen ; advanced therapy medicinal product ; ATMP ; cell therapy ; gene therapy ; eye ; ocular ; regulatory ; marketing authorization ; double-crosslinking ; carbodiimide ; glutaraldehyde ; sodium metabisulfite ; sodium borohydride ; EDC/NHS ; stem cells ; retinal diseases ; optic nerve diseases ; cell replacement ; cell sources ; advanced therapies ; ocular mucosa ; blindness ; CLET ; limbal niche ; limbal stem cell ; LSCD ; mesenchymal stem cell transplantation ; MSCT ; corneal limbus ; decellularized xenograft ; recellularization ; mesenchymal stem cells ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 84
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Dear Colleagues, When Hayflick and Moorhead coined the term “cellular senescence” (CS) almost 60 years ago, this phenomenon was understood as a mechanism, usually induced by activation of the DNA-repair machinery, to prevent uncontrolled proliferation. Meanwhile, additional beneficial roles for CS have been identified, such as embryonic development and wound healing. The senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) activated in most senescent cells (SC) signals to the immune system “come here and remove me”. In organisms with young and functional immune systems, occurring SC are usually detected and removed. If SC remain in the tissue expressing the SASP, this will cause not just a damaging local inflammation but can also induce remodeling and regeneration of the surrounding tissue as well as spreading of senescence. Old organisms show reduced regenerative potential and immune function which leads to accumulation of SC. Accordingly, accumulation of SC was observed in tissues of aged individuals, but importantly also in the context of age-related disorders, neurodegenerative, or cardiovascular diseases and others. Because of its detrimental effect of the surrounding tissue, accumulation of SC is not just a consequence, but can rather been understood as a major driver of aging. In line with this, recent studies described that removal of SC showed beneficial effects on healthspan and lifespan. This exciting research led to the discovery of “senolytics”, drugs which can kill SC. Given the heterogeneity of cell types that show senescence-like phenotypes, including heart muscle and post-mitotic neuronal cells, further research is required to unravel the molecular background that renders a cell type vulnerable to senesce. Additionally, it will be important to understand how senescence is cell type-specifically induced and which molecules serve as drug targets to prevent senescence and its spreading, or actively kill SC. This special issue will shed light on the molecular pathways of CS and inflammaging and on possible strategies to interfere with these processes. Dr. Markus Riessland Guest Editor
    Keywords: γH2AX ; Alzheimer’s disease ; DNA damage ; mild cognitive impairment ; senescence ; secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine ; regeneration ; homeostasis ; cellular senescence ; biology of aging ; neurodegeneration ; brain ; geroscience ; senolytics ; tauopathy ; cancer ; stress response ; post-mitotic ; neuronal senescence ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) ; cell-cycle ; melanoma ; pancreatic adenocarcinoma ; tumor infiltration ; chemotherapy resistance ; prostate ; inflammation ; AIM2 inflammasome ; POP3 ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: This book examines applied studies contributing to the issues of financial markets and sustainable economy in conditions of COVID-19 pandemic. All studies in this book applied complex models with quantitative data in the areas of finance, macro and sustainable economy, as well as business and management, to express the main issues of the financial–economic universe during the pandemic crisis. Some of the studies offer possible solutions in the sustainable post-COVID era. This book is also of particular interest in relation to the green economy during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Keywords: corona-crash ; news attention ; investor expectation ; COVID-19 ; pandemic ; companies ; dismissal ; temporary leave ; cash flow ; low demand ; Romania ; furlough ; challenges ; green recovery ; systems thinking ; system dynamics ; economic crisis ; sustainability transition ; green economy ; economic shock ; sustainable development ; greenhouse gas emissions ; funding liquidity ; volatility ; asymmetric relationship ; quantile regression ; cryptocurrency ; safe haven ; tether ; n/a ; financial crisis ; franchise industries ; survival ability ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book examines the state of the art of biosorption as an economical and environmentally friendly technique for pollutant removal in wastewater. Several articles are included that develop the applications of biosorption showing the high efficiency and versatility of this process, as well as showing recent advances in this field. Different modalities of biosorption are demonstrated from free biomass to immobilized biomass, as well as the combination of biomass with modern materials to form composites, emphasizing the significant versatility of this technique. In addition, different examples with biomasses of very different natures are also included and discussed, as are the factors that influence biosorption processes. Other contributions offer some examples of apparently useless materials that are reused and applied in the elimination of pollutants. Therefore, this book is an excellent complement for those researchers who work on biosorption as well as a starting point for those who want to begin research on this topic.
    Keywords: landfill ; leachate treatment ; POME ; removal efficiency ; mixing ratio ; biosorbent ; Ni2+ ; background electrolytes ; kinetic modeling ; biosorption ; biomass ; bioaccumulation ; biocomposite ; pollutants ; metals ; emerging organic contaminants ; dyes ; Spirulina ; alginate ; immobilization ; fixed-bed column ; Mxene–CS composite ; Cr(VI) contaminated aqueous solution ; Green Synthesis ; treatment of wastewater ; heavy metals ; citrus waste biomass ; bio-sorbent ; pre-treatment ; activated carbon ; batch adsorption ; fixed-bed adsorption column ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: This book focuses on the up-to-date studies on the sustainability with changing climate and extremes. The main contributors discussed the changing climate and extreme events, as well as their impacts on natural and human dimension sustainability, including the incorporated social–ecologic and socioeconomic processes. Special attention is given to four main sections: natural disasters in agriculture; urban/rural ecosystem, tourism, and ecosystem service; extreme climate indices, and newly created dataset for climate change.
    Keywords: trade conflict ; carbon emissions ; import and export trade ; cooperative emission reduction ; meteorological hazards ; risk assessment ; spatial pattern ; population exposure ; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ; climate change ; slope geohazards ; new geohazard clusters ; extreme cooling events ; Arctic Oscillation ; winter in China ; atmospheric circulation ; GPP ; CMIP6 ; ESM ; STA ; China ; warm days ; cold days ; warm nights ; cold nights ; hot days ; frost days ; compound drought and heatwave events ; complex network ; event synchronization ; atmospheric circulation patterns ; urban agglomeration ; drought ; heat wave ; flood ; GM (1, 1) ; Arctic ; universal thermal climate index (UTCI) ; spatial-temporal changes ; 1979–2019 ; ecosystem services trade-offs ; land-use change ; soil conservation ; carbon storage ; water yield ; precipitation gradient ; Loess Plateau ; climate hazards ; geospatial analysis ; urban adaptation ; risk management ; snow disaster ; risk zoning ; Heilongjiang Province ; precipitation ; model resolutions ; cold region of China ; spatiotemporal distribution ; spatiotemporal variation ; 1961–2019 ; high-resolution and high-quality precipitation data ; independent and non-independent test ; the 0.01° multi-source fusion precipitation product ; extreme precipitation event ; forest types ; NDVI ; AVHRR GIMMS ; temperature range ; precipitation range ; snow cover ; black carbon concentration ; radiative forcing ; northeast China ; high temperature ; mobile phone data ; impact factor ; Zhuhai City ; WRF model ; projection ; short-lived heatwave event ; long-lived heatwave event ; Yangtze River Basin ; central and western Pacific ; thermocline ; yellowfin tuna ; CPUE ; El Niño ; La Niña ; GAM model ; spring soil moisture ; impact mechanism ; Songnen Plain ; Sanjiang Plain ; maize ; diurnal temperature range ; fresh air index ; natural microclimate comfort index ; fresh air–natural microclimate comfort index ; scenic spots ; Fujian province ; extreme climate indices ; temporal and spatial dynamics ; linear trend ; climate abrupt change ; central China ; peanut drought ; Shandong Province ; natural disaster risk assessment principles ; dry-hot wind disaster ; Shandong province ; natural disaster risk assessment principle ; summer maize ; inter- and mixed cropping ; flowering period ; yield ; potato climatic productivity potential ; Inner Mongolia ; effect ; human mobility ; rainfall ; taxi GPS data ; community ; Zhuhai central areas ; citrus ; quality ; future projection ; state-owned forest farms ; human resource allocation ; industrial structure ; coordination and adaptation ; personal structure ; contiguous poverty-stricken areas ; rainstorms and droughts ; direct economic losses ; disaster-affected population ; drought and flood ; vulnerability ; risk prediction ; agroecosystem ; heatwaves ; population exposure change ; global warming ; 1.5 °C warming scenario ; 2.0 °C warming scenario ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This reprint includes contributions from leaders in the field of personalized medicine in ophthalmology. The contributions are diverse and cover pre-clinical and clinical topics. We hope you enjoy reading the articles.
    Keywords: subthreshold micropulse laser ; 577-nm laser ; laser fixed parameters ; diabetic retinopathy ; diabetic macular edema ; optical coherence tomography ; autofluorescence ; real-life ; diabetic macular oedema ; visual prognosis ; indicators ; personalized medicine ; age-related macular degeneration ; choroidal neovascularization ; classification ; machine learning ; type 2 diabetes ; retinopathy ; ethnicity ; general practice ; risk factors ; progression ; glycemic gap ; glucose variability ; ETDRS classification ; biomarkers ; phenotypes ; anti-vascular endothelial growth factor ; diabetic retinopathy severity scale ; panretinal leakage index ; neovascular age-related macular degeneration ; anti-VEGF therapy ; retinal thickness ; visual acuity ; variability ; leakage index ; microaneurysms ; intravitreal aflibercept ; neovascularization ; ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography ; retinal imaging ; quantitative biomarkers ; precision medicine ; autoantibodies ; AT1-receptor ; PAR1 ; VEGF-A ; VEGF-B ; VEGF-receptor 2 ; AMD ; complement system ; semi-quantitative multiplex profilin ; mass spectrometry ; C4 ; vitronectin ; factor I ; genetic variants ; metabolites ; HDL ; central area thickness ; biomarker ; microRNA ; anti-VEGF ; retina ; edema ; OCT ; tomography ; microphysiological systems ; blood-neural barriers ; neurovascular unit ; disease modeling ; 3D models ; organ-on-a-chip ; inner blood-retinal barrier ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: Patient outcomes remain poor for many cancers despite improvements in treatments and new molecular-targeted biomedicines for certain cancer types or subtypes. Dose-limiting toxicity, a narrow therapeutic index, and the development of resistance to traditional anti-cancer agents are well-established. It is apparent that inherent and acquired drug resistance are major challenges with molecular-targeted agents and that on- as well as off-target side effects can still occur. Other issues include drug metabolism by the body and safely supplying a sufficient amount of active drug to the tumor cells. There is a clear and urgent need for new molecular targets and drugs that specifically target cancer cells in different ways to existing approved drugs. This book, through a collection of eight research articles and two review articles from the Biomedicines themed Special Issue ‘Novel Anti-Cancer Agents and Cellular Targets and Their Mechanism(s) of Action’, provides a snapshot of some of the diverse and exciting research approaches being taken by the cancer research community in trying to address some of these therapeutic challenges.
    Keywords: microtubule acetylation ; triple-negative breast cancer ; anti-cancer agent ; apoptosis ; K562 ; 8-hydroxydaidzein ; autophagy ; BCR-ABL ; MAPK ; NF-κB ; c-myc ; RNA interference ; siRNA ; oncogene ; gene silencing ; expression ; nanosystems ; Cytochrome P450 ; CYP1A1 ; CYP1B1 ; CYP2W1 ; breast cancer ; prodrug ; bioprecursor ; duocarmycin ; phortress ; AQ4N ; 5-FU resistance ; colorectal cancer ; drug repurposing ; Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer ; Connectivity Map ; anticancer drug ; B-lactam steroid alkylators ; synthetic lethality ; poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors ; ovarian cancer ; hybrid steroidal alkylating agents ; migration ; invasion ; glioblastoma ; CCN1 ; mesenchymal–amoeboid transition ; biomarker ; HepG2 ; Huh7 ; isatin sulfonamides ; angiogenesis ; cancer hallmarks ; molecular docking ; EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor ; photon upconversion ; triplet-triplet annihilation ; in vivo imaging ; PLGA ; nanoparticles ; affibody molecule ; human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) ; BxPC-3 ; emtansine ; DM1 ; albumin binding domain ; affibody drug conjugate (AffiDC) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This book contains the art and science in current standards of surgical treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. It explains the clinical role of surgical resection during multimodal treatment in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, novel surgical techniques including extended pancreatectomy and minimally invasive surgery, risk of cancer in IPMN, and the clinical importance of liquid biopsy.
    Keywords: unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ; conversion surgery ; early recurrence ; pancreatic neoplasm/analysis ; pancreatic neoplasm/surgery ; tumor location ; survival ; clinical staging ; branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm ; risk factor ; malignancy ; meta-analysis ; laparoscopic ; pancreaticoduodenectomy ; pancreatic cancer ; borderline resectable ; neoadjuvant treatment ; chemoradiotherapy ; prognostic nutritional index ; isolated local recurrence ; pancreatectomy ; pancreatic remnant ; recurrence ; redo surgery ; pancreatic exocrine insufficiency ; adjuvant chemotherapy ; biliary drainage ; prehabilitation ; ERAS ; arterial resection ; total pancreatectomy ; neoadjuvant therapy ; pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ; surgical treatment ; technical advances ; pancreatic main duct dilatation ; intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm ; high grade dysplasia ; invasive carcinoma ; pancreatic cystic neoplasm ; cell-free DNA ; mesopancreas ; superior mesenteric artery ; nerve and fibrous tissues ; lymph node dissection ; R0 resection ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MN Surgery
    Language: English
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: Gut microbiota are an area recently targeted by modern biomedical research. In fact, during the last five years, there has been increasing evidence related to the role of gut microbiota as remarkable symbiotic partners critical for the maintenance of good health. Several factors cause alterations in gut microbiota which are, indeed, accompanied by alterations in the quality of health. Accordingly, gut microbiota dysbiosis has been related to increased susceptibilities to intestinal, cardiovascular, and nervous pathologies. In this manual, you will find the latest studies carried out in the field of microbiota. Overall, the contributions published in this Special Issue further strengthen the essential function of gut microbiota in health and in various diseases.
    Keywords: gut microbiota ; anti-TNFα ; Crohn’s disease ; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ; Escherichia coli and Clostridium coccoides group ; obesity ; percutaneous electrical stimulation ; dermatome T6 ; microbiota ; probiotics ; resistance ; survivability ; gastrointestinal passage ; gut ; nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ; α7 and α9 nicotinic receptor subtypes ; cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway ; gut-brain axis ; gut microbiome ; dysbiosis ; inflammatory bowel disease ; COVID-19 ; dioxide titanium ; TiO2 ; E171 ; CI 77891 ; food additive ; gut barrier ; immunity ; toxicity ; diet ; memory ; attention ; gut–brain axis ; gastrointestinal microbiome ; fibromyalgia ; drug therapy ; neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; systematic review ; autoimmunity ; multiple sclerosis ; inflammation ; cytokines ; intestinal permeability ; disease modifying drugs ; food-derived opioids ; casomorphin ; gliadorphin ; opioid receptors ; A1 beta-casein ; beta-casomorphin-7 ; gut-to-brain ; microbiome ; DPP4 ; fecal microbiota ; isoflavones ; equol ; pyrosequencing ; menopause ; fatty acids ; stool ; stool collection ; Cambodia ; sample collection ; rural health ; collection kit ; allergy ; osteoporosis ; bone metabolism ; food allergy ; skeletal health ; osteoimmunology ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Myxobacteria are fascinating and important prokaryotes. They have large genomes and exhibit a wide range of interesting behaviors, including multicellular fruiting body formation, social interaction, predation, and secondary metabolite production. Substantial progress is being made in understanding their ecological roles and the evolutionary forces that have shaped their phenotypes and behaviors. Novel species of myxobacteria are regularly described, often producing unusual metabolites and enzymes which can be of significant biotechnological interest. Molecular studies, ranging in subject from individual enzymes to entire ‘omes, continue to provide rich insights into myxobacterial biology. This collected volume brings together five research articles and three reviews, to provide a snapshot of current myxobacterial research in all its diversity.
    Keywords: carotenoids ; comparative genomics ; development ; fruiting body formation ; one-component systems ; quorum signalling ; two-component systems ; myxobacteria ; Myxococcales ; germination ; bacterial cell wall ; sporulation ; morphology ; photoreceptor ; photosensitizer ; photoregulation ; singlet oxygen ; plasmalogens ; CarF ; vitamin B12 ; CarH ; ECF-sigma ; CarD-CdnL ; microbial food web ; trophic interactions ; predator–prey interactions ; mesopredator ; social bacteria ; nematodes ; experimental community ; behavior ; Myxococcus sp. ; Corallococcus sp. ; Melittangium sp. ; Archangium sp. ; biosynthetic gene clusters ; Myxococcus xanthus ; phase contrast microscopy ; fluorescence microscopy ; aggregation ; rippling ; deep learning ; generative adversarial network ; pretator-prey coevolution ; antagonism ; mucoidy ; predatory bacteria ; bacterial predation ; prey diversity ; negative frequency dependence ; experimental evolution ; MyxoEE-6 ; functional genomics ; genome evolution ; genome organisation ; pan-genome ; proteomics ; taxonomy ; transcriptomics ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Conflicts in forest management are unavoidable because of the large temporal and spatial scales characteristic of forests ecosystems and the large number of actors involved. Forests are multifunctional ecosystems par excellence, and it can be hypothesized that current public policies, and especially those labeled as societal transitions, can affect this widespread holistic management goal. In this Special Issue, the different contributions by the authors raise the questions of how different types of conflicts arise and what alternatives exist to solve those conflicts. The Issue contains examples from both temperate and tropical forests and addresses, for instance, conflicts arising from REDD+ programs, the declaration of new protected areas, the complexity of negotiating carbon offset targets, the loss of local knowledge because of demographic trends, and meeting biodiversity and biomass targets simultaneously, among others. We present a general typology of sources of conflicts because of two dimensions: a vertical dimension represented by bottom-up versus top-down approaches and a horizontal dimension arising by ecosystem extent and ownership boundaries. Awareness that new policies can be a source of unexpected conflicts calls for precaution while testing new ‘transition’ approaches.
    Keywords: forest planning and management ; rural community sustainability ; ecosystem services ; forest sociology ; forestry in the media ; forest vulnerability ; adaptive capacity ; multiple-use land management ; conflicting perspectives ; natural processes ; high-yield silviculture ; forest management ; multifunctionality ; carbon offset ; collective action ; conflict avoidance ; mitigation ; payment for ecosystem services ; social-ecological ; France ; protected areas establishment ; stakeholder participation ; landscape protection ; qualitative research ; Soutok Protected Landscape Area (Czech Republic) ; REDD+ ; conflict ; forests ; land tenure ; political ecology ; ecological unit ; synergy/trade-off ; spatial structure ; attribute characteristics ; forest sustainability ; production forests ; environment forests ; carbon credit ; retention approach ; common-pool resource management ; local vs. global ; economic oligopoly ; panacea paradigm ; renewable energy ; sectoral organization ; CHANS ; globalization ; historical data ; socio-ecological frameworks ; dry-edge ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like endometrial cells, glands, and stroma outside the uterus, causing a wide range of symptoms and signs, including acute and chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Endometriosis affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age, and up to 50% of infertile women. The etiopathogenesis of endometriosis still remains controversial: immune, hormonal, genetic, and epigenetic factors may be all involved, and several theories have been proposed to explain it.One of the main problems for the management of endometriosis is the significant diagnostic delay: to date, several biomarkers are currently being tested in order to provide a reliable non-invasive diagnosis in case of symptoms and signs suspicious for endometriosis.In addition, ultrasound techniques and magnetic resonance imaging are evolving rapidly, allowing for better accuracy, even with the use of artificial intelligence. Finally, new potential histological makers are helping to correlate the occurrence of endometriosis in different anatomical landmarks, supporting specific pathways to clarify the etiology of the disease.
    Keywords: embryo quality ; endometriosis ; blastulation rate ; ongoing pregnancy ; menopause ; diagnosis ; management ; malignancy ; vaginal fluid ; microbiome ; next generation sequencing (NGS) ; pathogenesis ; 16S rRNA ; rectosigmoid endometriosis ; three-dimensional rectal water contrast transvaginal ultrasonography ; computed colonography ; bowel stenosis ; bowel endometriosis ; intestinal segmental resection ; microarray ; transcriptomics ; biomarker ; canonical pathways ; survivin ; BIRC5 ; apoptosis ; inhibitor of apoptosis protein ; coagulation ; thrombin time ; activated partial thromboplastin time ; platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio ; neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ; adenomyosis ; bowel ; rectum ; ovary ; bladder ; ureter ; abdominal wall ; vagina ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The aim of this Special Issue is to explore new advanced solutions in electronic systems and interfaces to be employed in sensors, describing best practices, implementations, and applications. The selected papers in particular concern photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) interfaces and applications, techniques for monitoring radiation levels, electronics for biomedical applications, design and applications of time-to-digital converters, interfaces for image sensors, and general-purpose theory and topologies for electronic interfaces.
    Keywords: CMOS image sensor ; linearity ; adaptive nonlinear ramp ; fully differential pipeline ; double auto-zeroing ; high framerate ; fixed pattern noise ; floating diffusion ; readout scheme ; ramp generator circuit ; ultrasound ; PMUT ; high-voltage (HV) transmitter ; low-voltage receiver (RX) amplifier ; ultrasound application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) ; monolithical integration ; CMOS ; MEMS ; electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) ; time-to-digital converter (TDC) ; time interpolator ; phase ; polar demodulator ; quantization ; reconfigurability ; current mode ; sensor interface ; silicon photomultiplier ; transimpedance amplifier ; voltage current conveyor ; field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) ; non-uniform multiphase (NUMP) method ; temperature correction ; radiation sensor interface ; silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) ; mobile dosimeter ; analog-to-digital converter (ADC) ; magnetic bioreactor ; magnetoactive scaffolds ; tissue engineering ; magnetic actuator ; magnetoelectric stimulation ; selectable gain amplifier ; resistive-sensor ; current divider ; current reference ; front-end electronics ; single-photon response ; timing accuracy ; ultrasonic gas flowmeter ; the principle of time-difference method ; data filtering ; low-power measurement ; auto-balancing bridge method ; FIR filter ; FPGA ; impedance ; inductive-loop sensor ; multifrequency ; vehicle magnetic profile ; vector voltmeter ; signal processing ; background radiation monitoring system ; Atmel AVR ATmega328 microcontroller (MC) ; Geiger-Mueller counter ; Petri net model ; fifth-order low-pass filter ; operational transconductance amplifier ; multiple-input bulk-driven technique ; subthreshold region ; nanopower ; temperature compensation ; hysteresis ; quartz flexible accelerometer ; aerial inertial navigation system ; thermal effect ; creep effect ; electronic nose ; convolutional neural network ; component analysis ; xenon TPC ; trigger concepts ; data acquisition circuits ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 96
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    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: Fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) materials are widely used in advanced structures and are often applied in order to replace traditional materials such as metal components, especially those used in corrosive environments. They have become essential materials for maintaining and strengthening existing infrastructure due to the fact that they combine low weight and density with high strength, corrosion resistance, and high durability, providing many benefits in performance and durability. Modified fiber-based composites exhibit better mechanical properties, impact resistance, wear resistance, and fire resistance. Therefore, the FRC materials have reached a significant level of applications ranging from aerospace, aviation, and automotive systems to industrial, civil engineering, military, biomedical, marine facilities, and renewable energy. In order to update the field of design and development of composites with the use of organic or inorganic fibers, a Special Issue entitled “Progress of Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Design and Applications” has been introduced. This reprint gathers and reviews the collection of twelve article contributions, with authors from Europe, Asia and America accepted for publication in the aforementioned Special Issue of Applied Sciences.
    Keywords: fiber-cement-treated subgrade soil ; mechanical properties ; triaxial test ; brittleness index ; failure angle ; carbon fibers ; lignin ; melt spinning ; carbonization ; Raman ; micro-CT ; banana fiber ; impact response ; compression after impact ; natural fiber ; compression shear properties ; bonded–bolted hybrid ; C/C composites ; high temperature ; hybrid structures ; metallic/composite joints ; plasticity ; damage propagation ; FEM ; crashworthiness ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; composites ; progressive failure analysis (PFA) ; cyclic hygrothermal aging ; high strain rates ; braided composites ; compressive property ; basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) ; thickness ; durability ; hygrothermal ageing ; accelerated ageing method ; GFRP composite structures ; slip-critical connection ; stainless-steel cover plates ; surface treatment ; prevailing torque ; anchor ; shear behavior ; concrete edge breakout resistance ; ultimate flexural strength ; energy absorption capacity ; steel fiber ; multi-material design ; thermoplastic composites ; joining ; resistance spot welding ; metal inserts ; tubular composites ; finite element analysis ; computational fluid dynamics ; wireless communication ; signal attenuation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 97
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Rare diseases, or orphan diseases, are those that individually affect a small number of patients, but taken together affect over 300 million people worldwide. They are characterized by their etiological, diagnostic and evolutionary complexity, important morbi-mortality, with high levels of disability that entail and hinder the development of a normal vital subject, not only in those who suffer from them, but also their families; therefore, a comprehensive social health approach is necessary to address this problem.About 80% of rare diseases have a genetic origin, mainly monogenic; thus, genetic testing is mandatory for the confirmation of clinical diagnostics and to ensure correct genetic counseling. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled a revolution in genetic diseases, specially in rare diseases. However, their complexity makes diagnoses difficult even with the advent of NGS.In this Special Issue, we present several examples of the complexity of genetic diagnosis for most of these diseases and the consequences that genetic testing implies for genetic counseling. There are examples of the genetic heterogeneity of hearing loss, some metabolic and lisosomal disorders, ataxia, Prader–Willi syndrome, and three comprehensive reviews on syndromic retinal dystrophies, the complexity of the molecular diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders, and the value of genetic counseling before and after a genetic test.
    Keywords: retina ; inherited retinal diseases ; syndrome ; Turner syndrome ; mosaicism ; ring chromosomes ; growth hormone deficiency ; pituitary microadenoma ; clinical genetics ; early onset ataxia ; dystonia ; neurodevelopment ; network analysis ; bioinformatics ; ataxia ; phenotype ; child ; NGS ; next generation sequencing ; inborn errors of metabolism ; lysosomal disorders ; neuromuscular disease ; genetic testing ; whole exome sequencing ; Prader–Willi syndrome ; imprinting disorder ; recombinant human growth hormone ; insulin-like growth factor 1 ; HMGLD ; HMGCL ; HMG-CoA lyase deficiency ; inherited metabolic diseases ; familial hearing loss ; multiple diagnoses ; non-syndromic hearing loss ; ACTG1 ; MYH9 ; genetic counselling ; rare diseases ; professional recognition ; hearing loss ; genetic diagnosis ; SLC26A4 ; DFNB4 ; Tuvinians ; Altaians ; Southern Siberia ; Russia ; GSDME ; DFNA5 ; single-exon CNV ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue (SI) on “Land Degradation Assessment with Earth Observation” comprises 17 original research papers with a focus on land degradation in arid, semiarid and dry-subhumid areas (i.e., desertification) in addition to temperate rangelands, grasslands, woodlands and the humid tropics. The studies cover different spatial, spectral and temporal scales and employ a wealth of different optical and radar sensors. Some studies incorporate time-series analysis techniques that assess the general trend of vegetation or the timing and duration of the reduction in biological productivity caused by land degradation. As anticipated from the latest trend in Earth Observation (EO) literature, some studies utilize the cloud-computing infrastructure of Google Earth Engine to cope with the unprecedented volume of data involved in current methodological approaches. This SI clearly demonstrates the ever-increasing relevance of EO technologies when it comes to assessing and monitoring land degradation. With the recently published IPCC Reports informing us of the severe impacts and risks to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and the ecosystem services they provide, the EO scientific community has a clear obligation to increase its efforts to address any remaining gaps—some of which have been identified in this SI—and produce highly accurate and relevant land-degradation assessment and monitoring tools.
    Keywords: bfast ; Mann–Kendall ; Sen’s slope ; East Africa ; NDVI ; breakpoint analysis ; vegetation trends ; greening ; browning ; Kenya ; Uganda ; trend analysis ; land use ; land cover ; spatial heterogeneity ; mining development ; geographically weighted regression (GWR) ; Mann-Kendall ; arid and semi-arid areas ; salinization ; irrigated systems ; Niger River basin ; salinity index ; vegetation index ; TI-NDVI ; Sentinel-2 images ; high temporal resolution ; wind erosion modeling ; RWEQ ; GEE ; central Asia ; spatial-temporal variation ; land degradation ; archetypes ; self-organizing maps ; drivers ; savannah ; Nigeria ; reference levels ; REDD+ ; greenhouse gas emissions ; Xishuangbanna ; monitoring and reporting ; Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ; Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) ; drought ; land use-land cover ; remote sensing ; Botswana ; developing countries ; Google Earth Engine ; Landsat time series analysis ; semi-arid areas ; sustainable land management programmes ; precipitation ; breakpoints and timeseries analysis ; ecosystem structural change ; BFAST ; land degradation neutrality ; SDG ; land productivity ; Landsat ; vegetation-precipitation relationship ; soil organic carbon ; Kobresia pygmaea community ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; Gaofen satellite ; spatial distribution ; aridity index ; satellite-based aridity index ; remote sensing index ; salinized land degradation index (SDI) ; Amu Darya delta (ADD) ; satellite imagery ; gully mapping ; machine learning ; random forest ; support vector machines ; South Africa ; semi-arid environment ; shrub encroachment ; slangbos ; Earth observation ; time series ; Sentinel-1 ; Sentinel-2 ; Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ; Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) ; Kyrgyzstan ; pastures ; MODIS ; land surface phenology ; drought impacts ; drought adaptation ; drought index ; vegetation resilience ; drought vulnerability ; standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index ; AVHRR ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Satisfactory acoustics is crucial for the ability of spaces such as auditoriums and lecture rooms to perform their primary function. The acoustics of dwellings and offices greatly affects the quality of our life, since we are all consciously or subconsciously aware of the sounds to which we are daily subjected. Architectural acoustics, which encompasses room and building acoustics, is the scientific field that deals with these topics and can be defined as the study of generation, propagation, and effects of sound in enclosures. Modeling techniques, as well as related acoustic theories for accurately calculating the sound field, have been the center of many major new developments. In addition, the image conveyed by a purely physical description of sound would be incomplete without regarding human perception; hence, the interrelation between objective stimuli and subjective sensations is a field of important investigations. A holistic approach in terms of research and practice is the optimum way for solving the perplexing problems which arise in the design or refurbishment of spaces, since current trends in contemporary architecture, such as transparency, openness, and preference for bare sound-reflecting surfaces are continuing pushing the very limits of functional acoustics. All the advances in architectural acoustics gathered in this Special Issue, we hope that inspire researchers and acousticians to explore new directions in this age of scientific convergence.
    Keywords: acoustic measurements ; impulse response measurements ; omnidirectional source ; dodecahedron ; acoustic parameters ; sound source ; reverberation time ; ISO 3382 ; auralization ; sound absorption ; perforated panels ; micro-perforated panels ; resonant absorbers ; frequency domain ; PUFEM ; room acoustics ; wave-based method ; discretization error ; explicit method ; finite element method ; high order scheme ; room acoustic simulations ; time domain ; shoebox concert hall ; diffusive surfaces ; diffusers location ; acoustical parameters ; variable acoustics ; subjective investigation ; acoustics ; opera house ; intangible cultural heritage ; open-air ancient theatres ; ISO 3382-1 ; firecrackers ; building acoustics ; sound absorption coefficient ; prediction models ; supervised learning method ; worship space acoustics ; acoustics simulation ; acoustic heritage ; archaeo-acoustics ; acoustic subspaces ; FDTD simulation ; speech intelligibility ; open-plan offices ; spatial decay ; ISO 3382-3 ; room absorption ; office noise ; speech ; calculation models ; absorption ; scattering ; airflow resistivity ; long space ; coherent image source method ; sound-absorbing boundary ; sound field modeling ; scale-model experiment ; reflection power ; room response ; directional decay rates ; room modes ; eigenbeam processing ; spatial correlation ; concert hall acoustics ; lateral reflections ; shoebox typology ; spatial impression ; perception thresholds ; skeletal reflections ; reflection sequence ; seat dip effect ; seat height ; seat spacing ; mechanism ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 100
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The concept of remote sensing as a way of capturing information from an object without making contact with it has, until recently, been exclusively focused on the use of Earth observation satellites.The emergence of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) controlled navigation and sensor-carrying capabilities has increased the number of publications related to new remote sensing from much closer distances. Previous knowledge about the behavior of the Earth's surface under the incidence different wavelengths of energy has been successfully applied to a large amount of data recorded from UAVs, thereby increasing the special and temporal resolution of the products obtained.More specifically, the ability of UAVs to be positioned in the air at pre-programmed coordinate points; to track flight paths; and in any case, to record the coordinates of the sensor position at the time of the shot and at the pitch, yaw, and roll angles have opened an interesting field of applications for low-altitude aerial photogrammetry, known as UAV photogrammetry. In addition, photogrammetric data processing has been improved thanks to the combination of new algorithms, e.g., structure from motion (SfM), which solves the collinearity equations without the need for any control point, producing a cloud of points referenced to an arbitrary coordinate system and a full camera calibration, and the multi-view stereopsis (MVS) algorithm, which applies an expanding procedure of sparse set of matched keypoints in order to obtain a dense point cloud. The set of technical advances described above allows for geometric modeling of terrain surfaces with high accuracy, minimizing the need for topographic campaigns for georeferencing of such products.This Special Issue aims to compile some applications realized thanks to the synergies established between new remote sensing from close distances and UAV photogrammetry.
    Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicle ; urban LULC ; GEOBIA ; multiscale classification ; unmanned aircraft system (UAS) ; deep learning ; super-resolution (SR) ; convolutional neural network (CNN) ; generative adversarial network (GAN) ; structure-from-motion ; photogrammetry ; remote sensing ; UAV ; 3D-model ; surveying ; vertical wall ; snow ; remotely piloted aircraft systems ; structure from motion ; lidar ; forests ; orthophotography ; construction planning ; sustainable construction ; urbanism ; BIM ; building maintenance ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; structure-from-motion (SfM) ; ground control points (GCP) ; accuracy assessment ; point clouds ; corridor mapping ; UAV photogrammetry ; terrain modeling ; vegetation removal ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; power lines ; image-based reconstruction ; 3D reconstruction ; unmanned aerial systems ; time series ; accuracy ; reproducibility ; orthomosaic ; validation ; drone ; GNSS RTK ; precision ; elevation ; multispectral imaging ; vegetation indices ; nutritional analysis ; correlation ; optimal harvest time ; UAV images ; monoscopic mapping ; stereoscopic plotting ; image overlap ; optimal image selection ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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