ALBERT

Beschreibung: The ability to adapt to social and environmental change is an increasingly critical feature of environmental governance. However, an understanding of how specific features of governance systems influence how they respond to change is still limited. Here we focus on how system features like diversity, heterogeneity, and connectedness impact stability, which indicates a system's capacity to recover from perturbations. Through a framework that combines agent-based modeling with "generalized"dynamical systems modeling, we model the stability of thousands of governance structures consisting of groups of resource users and non-government organizations interacting strategically with the decision centers that mediate their access to a shared resource. Stabilizing factors include greater effort dedicated to venue shopping and a greater fraction of non-government organizations in the system. Destabilizing factors include greater heterogeneity among actors, a greater diversity of decision centers, and greater interdependence between actors. The results suggest that while complexity tends to be destabilizing, there are mitigating factors that may help balance adaptivity and stability in complex governance. This study demonstrates the potential in applying the insights of complex systems theory to managing complex and highly uncertain human-natural systems in the face of rapid social and environmental change.

Beschreibung: The ocean is the largest ecosystem on the planet Earth. It is also the key feature of how our planet looks from the Space. Humans have to find harmony in living with the ocean. To continue benefitting from the ocean life-supporting function, an equilibrium must be sought between the continuously increasing use of ocean space and resources and restoring and maintaining the ocean’s health, which is currently in rapid decline. This understanding is captured in the formulation of the Sustainable Development Goal 14 of the 2030 Agenda: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. The role of the ocean for climate, disaster risk reduction, future of island States is reflected in the Paris Agreement of UNFCCC, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the UN Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, and the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA Pathway) and a number of regional, sub-regional and national action frameworks or development strategies. In the complex world we live in, with continuing and accelerating climate change, the success of all these frameworks depends on capacity of science to deliver needed solutions and on the ability and will of stakeholders to effectively use these solutions. The pivotal role of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO is therefore to bring together the scientific communities, the governmental decision-making system, and a broader set of stakeholders within our Member States, including the private sector and the civil society as a whole, to develop efficient, science-based integrated ocean and coastal management and corresponding solutions., taking in consideration relevant indigenous, local and traditional knowledge. Never in the history of our civilization has such cooperation been so urgently required. There is a need to mainstream ocean science for managing the ocean, The emergence of an international legally-binding instrument on conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ) under the UN Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) means that legally-binding obligations of nations are becoming increasingly ocean science-dependent. Successful execution of the IOC programme during the period of Medium-Term Strategy 2014–2021 and the IOC-led planning and coordination of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) brought IOC to the leading position in the work on systematic provision of ocean-related solutions to the global challenges of our time. However, the ability of IOC to deliver on its expanding mandate and respond both to the ambitions placed on the Decade and its Member States’ aspirations and needs will require, in turn, stronger support from governments, more authoritative decision-making capacity of IOC governing bodies, and adequate and reliable co-design of and investment in the whole value chain of modern ocean science.

Beschreibung: OPENASFA INPUT

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: Refereed

Beschreibung: Since UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC-UNESCO) and the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (DG MARE) launched in 2017 their Joint Roadmap to accelerate marine/maritime spatial planning (MSP) processes worldwide, the number of countries that have initiated, advanced or approved their own MSP processes has increased significantly. Through the active and effective participation of policy mak-ers, representatives of maritime sectors, academia, citizens and other stakeholders in activities organised in all corners of the ocean, the MSPglobal Initiative has contributed to improving cross-border and transboundary cooperation where marine spatial plans already existed or were being prepared, and to promoting planning processes in regions where they have not yet been launched. As we enter this new decade, the goal set by the Joint Roadmap remains today to triple the marine area benefiting from MSP, approved and led by governments and their citizens and effectively implemented in more than 30% of marine areas under national jurisdiction by 2030. This is in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and supported by national and regional initiatives in the framework of the United Nations Decades of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and on Ecosystem Restoration.

Beschreibung: Depuis que la Commission océanographique intergouvernementale de l’UNESCO (COI-UNESCO) et la Direction générale des affaires maritimes et de la pêche (DG MARE) de la Commission européenne ont lancé en 2017 leur Feuille de route conjointe pour accélérer les processus de planification de l’espace maritime/marin (PEM) dans le monde,1 le nombre de pays qui ont lancé, fait progresser ou approuvé leurs propres processus de PEM a considérablement augmenté. Grâce à la participation active et efficace de décideurs poli-tiques, de représentants des secteurs maritimes, d’universitaires, de citoyens et d’autres parties prenantes aux activités organisées aux quatre coins de l’océan, l’initiative MSPglobal a contribué à améliorer la coopération transfrontalière là où des plans de PEM existaient déjà ou étaient en cours de préparation, et à promouvoir les processus de planification dans les régions où ils n’ont pas encore été lancés. À l’aube de cette nouvelle décennie, l’objectif fixé par la Feuille de route conjointe reste d’actualité : tripler la superficie marine bénéficiant de la PEM, approuvée et dirigée par les gouvernements et leurs citoyens puis effectivement mise en œuvre dans plus de 30% des zones marines sous juridiction nationale d’ici 2030. Cette démarche est conforme aux Objectifs de développement durable du Programme 2030 et soutenue par des initiatives nationales et régionales dans le cadre de la Décennie des Nations unies pour les sciences océaniques au service du développement durable, de même que la Décennie pour la restauration des écosystèmes.

Beschreibung: Desde que la Comisión Oceanográfica Intergubernamental de la UNESCO (COI-UNESCO) y la Dirección General de Asuntos Marítimos y Pesca (DG MARE) de la Comisión Europea lanzaron en 2017 su Hoja de ruta conjunta para acelerar los procesos de planificación espacial marina/marítima (PEM) en todo el mundo,1 el número de países que han iniciado, avanzado o aprobado sus propios procesos de PEM ha aumentado significativamente. Gracias a la participación activa y eficaz de los responsables políticos, los representantes de los sectores marítimos, el mundo académico, los ciudadanos y otras partes interesadas en las actividades organizadas en todos los rincones del océano, la iniciativa MSPglobal ha contribuido a mejorar la cooperación internacional y transfronteriza en los casos en que ya existían o se estaban preparando planes espaciales marinos, y a promover los procesos de planificación en las regiones en las que aún no se han puesto en marcha. Al entrar en esta nueva década, el objetivo fijado por la Hoja de ruta conjunta sigue siendo hoy triplicar la superficie marina que se beneficia de la planificación espacial marina, aprobada y dirigida por los gobiernos y sus ciudadanos y aplicada efectivamente en más del 30 % de las zonas marinas bajo jurisdicción nacional para 2030. Esto está en consonancia con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Agenda 2030 y con el apoyo de iniciativas nacionales y regionales en el marco de los Decenios de las Naciones Unidas de las Ciencias Oceánicas para el Desarrollo Sostenible y de la Restauración de los Ecosistemas.

Beschreibung: Government of Sweden

Beschreibung: OPENASFA INPUT This publication should be cited as follows: UNESCO-IOC/European Commission. 2021. MSPglobal International Guide on Marine/Maritime Spatial Planning. Paris, UNESCO. (IOC Manuals and Guides no 89). Cette publication doit être citée comme suit : UNESCO-COI/Commission européenne. 2021. Guide international de MSPglobal sur la planification de l’espace marin/maritime. Paris, UNESCO. (Manuels et guides de la COI no 89). Esta publicación debe ser citada como sigue: UNESCO-COI/Comisión Europea. 2021. Guía internacional de MSPglobal sobre planificación espacial marina/marítima. París, UNESCO. (Manuales y guías de la COI no 89).

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: Refereed

Beschreibung: Marine particles of different nature are found throughout the global ocean. The term "marine particles"describes detritus aggregates and fecal pellets as well as bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton and nekton. Here, we present a global particle size distribution dataset obtained with several Underwater Vision Profiler 5 (UVP5) camera systems. Overall, within the 64 μm to about 50 mm size range covered by the UVP5, detrital particles are the most abundant component of all marine particles; thus, measurements of the particle size distribution with the UVP5 can yield important information on detrital particle dynamics. During deployment, which is possible down to 6000 m depth, the UVP5 images a volume of about 1 L at a frequency of 6 to 20 Hz. Each image is segmented in real time, and size measurements of particles are automatically stored. All UVP5 units used to generate the dataset presented here were inter-calibrated using a UVP5 high-definition unit as reference. Our consistent particle size distribution dataset contains 8805 vertical profiles collected between 19 June 2008 and 23 November 2020. All major ocean basins, as well as the Mediterranean Sea and the Baltic Sea, were sampled. A total of 19 % of all profiles had a maximum sampling depth shallower than 200 dbar, 38 % sampled at least the upper 1000 dbar depth range and 11 % went down to at least 3000 dbar depth. First analysis of the particle size distribution dataset shows that particle abundance is found to be high at high latitudes and in coastal areas where surface productivity or continental inputs are elevated. The lowest values are found in the deep ocean and in the oceanic gyres. Our dataset should be valuable for more in-depth studies that focus on the analysis of regional, temporal and global patterns of particle size distribution and flux as well as for the development and adjustment of regional and global biogeochemical models. The marine particle size distribution dataset is available at 10.1594/PANGAEA.924375.

Beschreibung: This document was first circulated for comments to IOC Member States through IOC Circular Letter No 2657 on 2 February 2017. The objectives of this document are to elaborate the idea of, and argue the case for, an international decade on ocean science for sustainable development. The endorsement to pursue further elaboration of the idea followed its initial presentation and discussion at the IOC Executive Council in June 2016. The context is provided by the 2030 Agenda and related UN frameworks, namely the Sendai Framework for Risk Reduction 2015, the SAMOA Pathway for SIDS 2014, the UNFCCC Conferences of the Parties, COP-21 in Paris 2015 and COP-22 in Marrakech 2016, together with previous intergovernmental agreements. The bases include: (i) the conclusions of the First Global World Ocean Assessment, in particular that we are running out of time to effectively protect the world ocean from multiple interactive stressors; and (ii) the finding of the Scientific Advisory Board of the UN Secretary General that, of eight Grand Challenges the world community is facing, the most important one is improving ocean science and effective management for the development of sustainable ocean knowledge-based economics. On these foundations, the document addresses a wide and diverse set of marine-related interests, including ocean science, sustained observations, marine environment problems and ocean (blue) economy. A historical analysis of developments over the 50-year period since the International Decade of Ocean Exploration 1971–1980 suggests that governments need to engage and act in partnership with the many different ocean communities in order to achieve focus, cohesiveness, cooperation and coordination of efforts. An International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, potentially under the UN auspices, emerges as the promising path towards “THE OCEAN WE NEED FOR THE FUTURE WE WANT.”

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: Refereed

Beschreibung: At its 49th session, the IOC Executive Council requested the IOC Officers and Executive Secretary to pursue the development of the concept of an International decade on ocean science for sustainable development (2021– 2030) – Towards the ocean we need for the future we want – potentially under the auspices of the United Nations. This document provides an overview of the activities undertaken since 2016 to raise the awareness of IOC, UNESCO and UN Member States, to engage UN bodies and other stakeholders in supporting the Decade proposal and highlights a way forward for further advancing the Decade establishment under the UN, for consideration by the IOC Assembly.

Beschreibung: OpenASFA input

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: Not Known

Beschreibung: Following the design of the emblem of United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030), guidelines for its use have been prepared in accordance with UNESCO and United Nations practices.

Beschreibung: OpenASFA input

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: Non Refereed

Beschreibung: Climate change is altering our planet and the effects are felt from the highest mountains to the deepest parts of the ocean. While the world seeks to hold warming to 1.5°C, it is vital that we take steps now to protect some of the Earth’s natural jewels and to preserve them for future generations. The UNESCO World Heritage List includes the world’s most iconic marine protected areas, recognised by the international community for their outstanding biodiversity, beauty, geology and natural habitats. Beginning with Australia’s Great Barrier Reef in 1981, the List has since expanded to include a global network of 50 ocean places of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV), from the tropics to the poles, each of which helps to secure the future of our marine ecosystems. Inclusion on the List is only the start of the work needed to protect these sites from warming seas and shifting weather. Indeed, some 70% of the marine World Heritage sites are currently under threat from climate change, according to the 2020 IUCN World Heritage Outlook. Under a business-as-usual emissions scenario, World Heritage Listed coral reef systems are expected to cease to exist by 2100. Action is necessary not just to protect these sites, but because between them they host over 20% of the world’s blue carbon ecosystems - representing critical carbon sinks - and serve as refuges for vulnerable and threatened species. Managers, scientists, and funders are enthusiastic and willing to help us achieve healthy oceans and marine World Heritage sites. But how? The 2021 UNESCO science assessment survey of marine World Heritage sites indicates that nearly 75% of sites lack knowledge on how to protect their OUV against the impacts from climate change. And about two thirds lack the tools to understand how climate change will impact their biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.We must find evidence-based solutions to address these questions and to help sites plan for the uncertain future. In 2017, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed that 2021-2030 would serve as the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (or ‘Ocean Decade’). The Ocean Decade provides a global framework to harness science to sustainably manage the oceans. Marine World Heritage sites are identified as priority areas in the Implementation Plan of the Ocean Decade. The Decade offers a way to convene diverse actors to co-design and co-deliver knowledge that will address scientific questions about the vulnerable sites, to plan the right response and to put them on a path to a sustainable future. Climate change is a complex challenge, and we must use the best and most up-to-date research and data to guide our actions. Collecting ocean science data and identifying trends are critical to local management teams. Without this baseline knowledge, including where iconic species live or trends in environmental and socio-economic variables, effective management decisions cannot be made in ways that will ensure sites’ protection 10 or 20 years from now. Yet despite their iconic status, many marine World Heritage sites lack essential capacity, technology and resources to generate and process data, including the baseline observations crucial to gather the evidence to plan future steps. For many sites, budgets have not risen while challenges grow exponentially. In response, UNESCO is launching a call for increased and strategic investment in the ocean science needed to safeguard marine World Heritage sites. The ocean is a vast place and there is much to do. Within the framework of the Ocean Decade, this roadmap aims to help provide focus, to ensure research is carried out and used in an efficient, effective and sustainable way. It identifies knowledge that site managers and scientists need to conserve marine World Heritage sites and foster resilient marine ecosystems, highlights the value of science-based decision making, and tackles some key obstacles including resources and capacity. This roadmap outlines key information to assess climate vulnerability, including on the use of targeted science to underpin conservation and management efforts. It also highlights current gaps in science capacity and infrastructure, including data collection and interpretation. Finally, it explores the technology and capacity required for action and the sustainable finance and resources needed to support the necessary research. Marine World Heritage sites face a critical moment in time and we must act now. By developing this roadmap within the framework of the Ocean Decade, we have the chance to generate ‘the science we need for the ocean we want’ and preserve marine World Heritage sites and their services for future generations. This roadmap seeks to offer that help, by showing managers, supporters, and funders how science and research can be more cost-effectively directed to some of the most pressing problems. Together we can steer a path to a resilient and sustainable future, for the next decade and beyond.

Beschreibung: OPENASFA INPUT Suggested citation: UNESCO. 2021. Ocean Science Roadmap for UNESCO Marine World Heritage in the context of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030). Paris, France

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: Not Known

Beschreibung: This information document presents the STAB’s Strategic framework on engaging in the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development 2021-2030, elaborated following a working meeting held between the STAB and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission in November 2020.

Beschreibung: OPENASFA INPUT

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: Non Refereed

Beschreibung: Brochure for conferences, meetings, etc under the subject: 'United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development'

Beschreibung: Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology

Beschreibung: OPENASFA INPUT Brochure

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: Not Known