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  • American Geophysical Union  (232,449)
  • Presses universitaires de Rennes
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  • 1
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    Estimating Bioturbation From Replicated Small‐Sample Radiocarbon Ages (2021)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  EPIC3Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, American Geophysical Union, 36(7), ISSN: 2572-4517
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-22
    Description: Marine sedimentary records are a key archive when reconstructing past climate; however, mixing at the seabed (bioturbation) can strongly influence climate records, especially when sedimentation rates are low. By commingling the climate signal from different time periods, bioturbation both smooths climate records, by damping fast climate variations, and creates noise when measurements are made on samples containing small numbers of individual proxy carriers, such as foraminifera. Bioturbation also influences radiocarbon-based age-depth models, as sample ages may not represent the true ages of the sediment layers from which they were picked. While these effects were first described several decades ago, the advent of ultra-small-sample $^{14}$C dating now allows samples containing very small numbers of foraminifera to be measured, thus enabling us to directly measure the age-heterogeneity of sediment for the first time. Here, we use radiocarbon dates measured on replicated samples of 3-30 foraminifera to estimate age-heterogeneity for five marine sediment cores with sedimentation rates ranging from 2-30 cm kyr$^{-1}$. From their age-heterogeneities and sedimentation rates we infer mixing depths of 10-20 cm for our core sites. Our results show that when accounting for age-heterogeneity, the true error of radiocarbon dating can be several times larger than the reported measurement. We present estimates of this uncertainty as a function of sedimentation rate and the number of individuals per radiocarbon date. A better understanding of this uncertainty will help us to optimise radiocarbon measurements, construct age models with appropriate uncertainties and better interpret marine paleo records.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    January 2002 volcano-tectonic eruption of Nyiragongo volcano, Democratic Republic of Congo (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: In January 2002, Nyiragongo volcano erupted 14–34 × 106 m3 of lava from fractures on its southern flanks. The nearby city of Goma was inundated by two lava flows, which caused substantial socioeconomic disruption and forced the mass exodus of the population, leaving nearly 120,000 people homeless. Field observations showed marked differences between the lava erupted from the northern portion of the fracture system and that later erupted from the southern part. These observations are confirmed by new 238U and 232Th series radioactive disequilibria data, which show the presence of three different phases during the eruption. The lavas first erupted (T1) were probably supplied by a residual magma batch from the lava lake activity during 1994–1995. These lavas were followed by a fresh batch erupted from fissure vents as well as later (May–June 2002) from the central crater (T2). Both lava batches reached the surface via the volcano's central plumbing system, even though a separate flank reservoir may also have been involved in addition to the main reservoir. The final phase (T3) is related to an independent magmatic reservoir located much closer (or even beneath) the city of Goma. Data from the January 2002 eruption, and for similar activity in January 1977, suggest that the eruptive style of the volcano is likely to change in the future, trending toward more common occurrence of flank eruptions. If so, this would pose a significant escalation of volcanic hazards facing Goma and environs, thus requiring the implementation of different volcano-monitoring strategies to better anticipate where and when future eruptions might take place.
    Description: Published
    Description: B09202
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Nyiragongo ; forecasting ; volcanic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Geogenic and atmospheric sources for volatile organic compounds in fumarolic emissions from Mt. Etna and Vulcano Island (Sicily, Italy) (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: In this paper, fluid source(s) and processes controlling the chemical composition of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) in gas discharges from Mt. Etna and Vulcano Island (Sicily, Italy) were investigated. The main composition of the Etnean and Volcano gas emissions is produced by mixing, to various degrees, of “magmatic” and “hydrothermal” components. VOCs are dominated by alkanes, alkenes and aromatics, with minor, though significant, concentrations of O-, S- and Cl(F)-substituted compounds. The main mechanism for the production of alkanes is likely related to pyrolysis of organic matter-bearing sediments that interact with the ascending magmatic fluids. Alkanes are then converted to alkene and aromatic compounds via catalytic reactions (dehydrogenation and dehydroaromatization, respectively). Nevertheless, an abiogenic origin for the light hydrocarbons cannot be ruled out. Oxidative processes of hydrocarbons at relatively high temperatures and oxidizing conditions, typical of these volcanic-hydrothermal fluids, may explain the production of alcohols, esters, aldehydes, as well as O- and S-bearing heterocycles. By comparing the concentrations of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) in the fumarolic discharges with respect to those of background air, it is possible to highlight that they have a geogenic origin likely due to halogenation of both methane and alkenes. Finally, CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) abundances appear to be consistent with background air, although the strong air contamination that affects the Mt. Etna fumaroles may mask a possible geogenic contribution for these compounds. On the other hand, no CFCs were detected in the Vulcano gases, which are characterized by low air contribution. Nevertheless, a geogenic source for these compounds cannot be excluded on the basis of the present data.
    Description: Published
    Description: D17305
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: etna, vulcano, VOC ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Gas seepage and seismogenic structures along the North-Anatolian Fault in the eastern Sea of Marmara (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: We carried out a combined geophysical and gas-geochemical survey on an active fault strand along the North-Anatolian Fault (NAF) system in the Gulf of İzmit (eastern Sea of Marmara), providing for the first time in this area data on the distribution of methane (CH4) and other gases dissolved in the bottom seawater, as well as the CH4 isotopic composition. Based on high-resolution morphobathymetric data and chirp-sonar seismic reflection profiles we selected three areas with different tectonic features associated to the NAF system, where we performed visual and instrumental seafloor inspections, including in-situ measurements of dissolved CH4, and sampling of the bottom water. Starting from background values of 2-10 nM, methane concentration in the bottom seawater increases abruptly up to 20 nM over the main NAF trace. CH4 concentration peaks up to ~120 nM were detected above mounds related probably to gas and fluids expulsion. Methane is microbial (δ13CCH4: -67.3 and -76 ‰ vs. VPDB), and was found mainly associated with pre- Holocene deposits topped by a 10-20 m thick draping of marine mud. The correlation between tectonic structures and gas-seepages at the seafloor suggests that the NAF in the Gulf of İzmit could represent a key site for long-term combined monitoring of fluid exhalations and seismicity to assess their potential as earthquake precursors.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q10018
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: submarine ; gas seepage ; active fault ; Marmara sea ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Intense magmatic degassing through the lake of Copahue volcano, 2013-2014 (2016)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Here we report on the first assessment of volatile fluxes from the hyperacid crater lake hosted within the summit crater of Copahue, a very active volcano on the Argentina-Chile border. Our observations were performed using a variety of in situ and remote sensing techniques during field campaigns in March 2013, when the crater hosted an active fumarole field, and in March 2014, when an acidic volcanic lake covered the fumarole field. In the latter campaign, we found that 566 to 1373 t d−1 of SO2 were being emitted from the lake in a plume that appeared largely invisible. This, combined with our derived bulk plume composition, was converted into flux of other volcanic species (H2O ~ 10989 t d−1, CO2 ~ 638 t d−1, HCl ~ 66 t d−1, H2 ~ 3.3 t d−1, and HBr ~ 0.05 t d−1). These levels of degassing, comparable to those seen at many open-vent degassing arc volcanoes, were surprisingly high for a volcano hosting a crater lake. Copahue's unusual degassing regime was also confirmed by the chemical composition of the plume that, although issuing from a hot (65°C) lake, preserves a close-to-magmatic signature. EQ3/6 models of gas-water-rock interaction in the lake were able to match observed compositions and demonstrated that magmatic gases emitted to the atmosphere were virtually unaffected by scrubbing of soluble (S and Cl) species. Finally, the derived large H2O flux (10,988 t d−1) suggested a mechanism in which magmatic gas stripping drove enhanced lake water evaporation, a process likely common to many degassing volcanic lakes worldwide.
    Description: Published
    Description: 6071–6084
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: water/rock interaction ; volcanic lakes ; volcanic/hydrothermal gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Carbon Stocks and Potential Greenhouse Gas Production of Permafrost-Affected Active Floodplains in the Lena River Delta (2024)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Biogeosciences, American Geophysical Union, 129, ISSN: 2169-8953
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-19
    Description: Arctic warming increases the degradation of permafrost soils but little is known about floodplain soils in the permafrost region. This study quantifies soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nitrogen stocks, and the potential CH4 and CO2 production from seven cores in the active floodplains in the Lena River Delta, Russia. The soils were sandy but highly heterogeneous, containing deep, organic rich deposits with 〉60% SOC stored below 30 cm. The mean SOC stocks in the top 1 m were 12.9 ± 6.0 kg C m−2. Grain size analysis and radiocarbon ages indicated highly dynamic environments with sediment re-working. Potential CH4 and CO2 production from active floodplains was assessed using a 1-year incubation at 20°C under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Cumulative aerobic CO2 production mineralized a mean 4.6 ± 2.8% of initial SOC. The mean cumulative aerobic:anaerobic C production ratio was 2.3 ± 0.9. Anaerobic CH4 production comprised 50 ± 9% of anaerobic C mineralization; rates were comparable or exceeded those for permafrost region organic soils. Potential C production from the incubations was correlated with total organic carbon and varied strongly over space (among cores) and depth (active layer vs. permafrost). This study provides valuable information on the carbon cycle dynamics from active floodplains in the Lena River Delta and highlights the key spatial variability, both among sites and with depth, and the need to include these dynamic permafrost environments in future estimates of the permafrost carbon-climate feedback.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    La presse régionale et le sport : Naissance de l'information sportive (années 1870-1914) (2021)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: La médiatisation du sport prend ses marques dès la Belle Époque. Les études réunies en ces pages lèvent le voile sur une de ses facettes : l'information sportive en région, de Nice à Reims, de Toulouse à Lorient. En une vingtaine de portraits, elles montrent comment ce secteur, balbutiant à la fin du Second Empire, est devenu en 1914 une veine médiatique de premier plan, justifiant l'existence de rubriques spécialisées, parfois de véritables « pages sportives ». Elles observent la succession des modes sportives : turf, gymnastique, cyclisme, automobilisme, aéronautique puis sports collectifs. Elles interrogent la forme de l'information, son rôle dans les stratégies éditoriales, l'identité des journalistes qui la conçoivent. Enfin, elles questionnent les rapports entre le sport et le modèle républicain, les enjeux politiques, économiques, sociaux, régionalistes, coloniaux… Entre histoire du sport et des médias, ce volume suggère au plus général que l'essor du phénomène sportif, aujourd'hui si inféodé au diktat économique et médiatique, est dès les années 1870-1910 organiquement stimulé par la mobilisation de la presse et par son commerce avec un grand nombre de lecteurs. Au-delà de l'histoire des institutions et des pratiques, il invite à considérer l'histoire sociale du sport avant tout comme l'histoire d'une industrie culturelle et médiatique pleinement inscrite, à la Belle Époque, dans l'ère naissante de la consommation et de la culture de masse.
    Keywords: GV557-1198.995 ; sports ; presse ; culture de masse ; thema EDItEUR::V Health, Relationships and Personal development::VX Mind, body, spirit::VXH Complementary therapies, healing and health::VXHT Traditional medicine and herbal remedies
    Language: French
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  • 8
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    Retour à la mimêsis (2022)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Ce livre est une introduction à la pensée de Kendall L. Walton autant qu’il en est un commentaire critique. Il présente le concept de faire-semblant en tant que l’héritier du concept antique de mimêsis en philosophie de la représentation. Il aborde la théorie du grand livre de Walton en la confrontant à la théorie des systèmes symboliques de Nelson Goodman, son adversaire historique. Il retrace sa parenté à la philosophie du « comme si » de Hans Vaihinger. Il confond les critiques récentes de Gregory Currie, Peter Lamarque, Stacie Friend ou Derek Matravers. Le propos est, ainsi, de dépeindre de manière systématique la philosophie de Walton dans un paysage de philosophie contemporaine et, dans une moindre mesure, sur fond d’étendues d’histoire de la philosophie. Kendall L. Walton est l’un des plus importants philosophes de l’art et esthéticiens de la seconde moitié du xxe siècle. Son maître-ouvrage, Mimesis as Make-Believe, eut une grande influence, encore prégnante à cette heure, dans le monde analytique.
    Keywords: esthétique ; histoire de l'art ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPN Philosophy: aesthetics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTN Philosophy: aesthetics
    Language: French
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  • 9
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    Prêtres et pasteurs : Les clergés (2021)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: La fracture confessionnelle qui touche l’Occident chrétien au xvie siècle révolutionne durablement la place des clergés dans les sociétés et leur emprise sur les fidèles. Le principe originel du luthéranisme, puis des réformes de type suisse, du sacerdoce universel a été largement relativisé par la mise en place progressive d’un clergé protestant, mais il a ouvert une brèche que l’on peut suivre à l’époque des controverses et qui continue de fixer une différence fondamentale entre les deux camps. Pourtant, des influences réciproques et des contacts sont observables dans des zones de coexistence confessionnelle : les espaces de frontières peuvent faire figure d’observatoires privilégiés pour comprendre les influences réciproques entre clergés, jusque dans leur façon d’interpréter et de considérer le ministère pastoral et de forger leurs identités professionnelles et sociales. La formation des clergés, leur organisation, leur action, les oppositions auxquelles ils doivent faire face, leurs interactions, les points communs, voire les sociabilités de leurs membres sont ici étudiés à travers des pratiques très diverses (prédication, conférences et controverses, sociabilités érudites, missions, encadrement institutionnel, pratiques liturgiques, répression des déviances, ou encore définition de mémoires concurrentes). Ces études de cas nous plongent dans le processus de définition d’identités cléricales qui se constituent certes souvent contre l’autre, mais aussi, plus subtilement, en fonction de l’autre et sur des fondements communs.
    Keywords: BL1-50 ; Église ; protestantisme ; catholicisme ; clergé ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs
    Language: French
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  • 10
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    La foi dans le siècle : Mélanges offerts (2021)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Comment la foi s’est-elle inscrite dans le siècle ? À partir d’exemples empruntés aux différentes périodes de l’histoire, les auteurs de cet ouvrage collectif interrogent les modes d’interaction entre la religion chrétienne, la culture profane et la société. On redécouvrira ici sous de nouveaux traits l’empreinte culturelle du christianisme (musique, peinture, construction et restauration d’églises, travaux des clercs érudits). On comprendra, à travers des études de cas régionaux et de manuscrits inédits, comment la religion chrétienne diffuse ses valeurs de référence par le biais de réseaux et de relais spécifiques, comment elle inspire un certain type de rapports à la cité ou à la science, suscitant par là des pratiques sociales singulières mais aussi des controverses politiques et des confrontations intellectuelles passionnantes. Les conflits du XXe siècle sont des temps majeurs de cette histoire. On lira donc aussi dans ce volume de quelle manière ceux-ci pèsent sur l’expression culturelle, individuelle ou collective, de la foi. Cet ouvrage est un hommage à Brigitte Waché dont les travaux contribuent à faire sortir l’histoire religieuse de son isolement en la confrontant à une histoire culturelle en plein développement.
    Keywords: BL1-50 ; renouveau religieux ; Église catholique ; christianisme ; histoire du christianisme ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs
    Language: French
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