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  • thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry  (136)
  • GEOPHYSICS
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (192)
  • Département des études, de la prospective et des statistiques
  • 2020-2024  (207)
  • 1910-1914
  • 2021  (207)
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  • 2020-2024  (207)
  • 1910-1914
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  • 1
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    Département des études, de la prospective et des statistiques
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Ce numéro de « Culture Prospective » est une anthologie de plusieurs textes d’Augustin Girard, fondateur du DEPS et observateur avisé de l’économie et la sociologie de la culture en France. Ces onze textes, qui parcourent la seconde moitié du XXème siècle de 1965 à 1997, permettent de découvrir le parcours et les idées d’Augustin Girard mais également de suivre l’évolution de l’activité prospective dans le secteur culturel.
    Keywords: H1-99 ; public policies ; cultural foresight ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: French
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease and other Haemoglobinopathies is a Special Issue of the International Journal of Neonatal Screening. Sickle cell disease is one of the most common inherited blood disorders, with a huge impact on health care systems due to high morbidity and high mortality associated with the undiagnosed disease. Newborn screening helps to make the diagnosis early and to prevent fatal complications and diagnostic odysseys. This book gives an overview of diagnostic standards in newborn screening for sickle cell disease and examples of existing newborn screening programs.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ; hydroxyurea/hydroxycarbamide ; n/a ; cord blood ; screening ; hemoglobin pattern ; capillary electrophoresis ; sickle cell disease ; (recommended) screening panel ; vaso-occlusive crisis ; Guthrie spots ; newborn screening) ; foetal haemoglobin ; harmonisation ; review ; birth prevalence ; G6PD deficiency ; prevention ; end-organ damage ; thalassemia ; MALDI-TOF ; IEF ; acute chest syndrome ; India ; sickle cell and thalassaemia screening programme ; ‘Getting to Outcomes’ ; newborn screening ; hemoglobinopathy ; service users ; public health engagement ; automated HPLC ; Kaduna State ; gene therapy for haemoglobinopathies ; ?-globin gene ; methods ; neonatal screening program ; malaria ; Plasmodium vivax ; sub-Saharan Africa ; patient organisations ; health policy ; pathophysiology ; Sickle Cell Disease ; mass spectrometry ; sickle cell disorder ; neonatal screening ; non-tribal ; Nigeria ; point-of-care ; HPLC ; laboratory methods ; registry ; patient advocacy ; bone marrow transplant ; anaemia ; hemoglobinopathies ; tribal ; newborn ; burden of disease ; patient representatives ; diagnostics ; policy making ; haemolysis ; Caribbean ; high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ; sickle cell disease (SCD) ; implementation science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Scale up and implementation of new point-of-care (POC) diagnostics is a global health priority to enable the adoption of new evidence-based POC diagnostics and to replicate and extend the reach of POC diagnostics. Global private and public sector agencies have significantly increased their investment in the development of POC diagnostics to meet the unmet needs of patients in resource-limited settings, particularly disease burdened settings with limited access to laboratory infrastructure. However, previous research has demonstrated that the availability of health technologies in these settings does not always guarantee patient-centered outcomes. The applicability, effectiveness and sustainability of diagnostic technologies is affected by the involvement of all stakeholders during planning and implementation, which must be relevant to each specific context and sensitive to local culture. Factors such as infrastructure, resources, values and characteristics of participants can influence the implementation, scalability and sustainability of health interventions such as POC diagnostics. This book, “Implementation and Scale up of Point of Care (POC) Diagnostics in Resource-Limited Settings”, presents literature reviews and primary research studies focusing on the implementation and scale up of POC diagnostics in resource-limited settings.
    Keywords: point-of-care-ultrasound ; ultrasound ; implementation ; point of care ultrasound ; augmented reality ; telemedicine ; spatial accessibility ; blood group ; rhesus type ; point-of-care testing ; maternal healthcare ; Upper East Region ; Ghana ; point-of-care ultrasound ; medical education ; syphilis ; maternal mortality ; interrupted time series ; segmented regression analysis ; point-of-care CD4+ t testing ; qualitative survey ; acceptability ; patients ; healthcare providers ; primary healthcare clinics ; HIV self-testing ; scale-up ; key stakeholder ; quality HIV point-of-care-diagnostics ; nominal group technique ; stakeholder engagement ; self-testing ; novel coronavirus disease-19 ; blockchain ; artificial intelligence ; geographical access ; glucose-6-phosphate dioxygenase deficiency ; antenatal care ; upper east region ; schistosomiasis ; barriers to diagnostics ; access to healthcare ; end-user perspectives ; neglected tropical diseases ; Nigeria ; case management ; electronic health information system ; diagnosis ; treatment ; point-of-care ; low and middle income countries ; point-of-care diagnostics ; healthcare services ; COVID-19 era ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Neural control of human motor output and how it is modified by alterations in physical activity levels is complex and multidimensional. The use of various experimental designs has vastly increased our knowledge of how the nervous system integrates descending, segmental, and ascending information to produce motor outputs, yet there is still much to learn. A more complete picture of the neurophysiology underlying the control of human motor outputs may prove useful in guiding rehabilitation programs aimed at reducing motor impairments following disease or injury. The purpose of this Special Issue is to collect original articles that explore neural excitability in various states. Studies examining neural excitability on a moment-to-moment basis (acute) or following prolonged periods of exercise or skill training and disuse (chronic) are encouraged. Original research studies using various experimental measures (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation, transmastoid electrical stimulation, single motor unit recordings, electroencephalography, and measures of spinal reflexes) in various states (e.g., fatigued, non-fatigued, and resting) during different types of motor outputs (tonic or dynamic) are encouraged. Experimental studies and literature reviews are welcome.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The overall focus, scope, and purpose of this Special Issue on outdoor adventure is to provide the current and anticipated future trends, offer innovative ideas for new programs, support decision making for managers to move plans and intentions into action, inspire pioneering staff training and leadership development, incite policy reviews and revisions, promote resource (re)allocation where needed, and stimulate culture shifts among outdoor leaders and managers. Furthermore, this Special Issue is situated within the existing literature by depicting major trends in the field, exploring organizational issues and successes, identifying gaps between research and practice, and formulating solutions to some of the field’s most pressing challenges. Of particular interest were manuscripts reporting the following: • Adventure education across diverse cultures; • Innovative partnerships for experiential education outdoors; • Land management agencies working with adventure education programs; • Leadership and/or management issues and challenges; • Programming advances, participation trends; • Recruitment and retention of diverse staff, workforce enhancement; • Social groups/identity and outdoor spaces (e.g., people of color and outdoor adventure; women in the outdoors—where have we been, where are we going?; LGBTQ trends and future directions; youth and outdoor adventure); • Socioeconomic factors and solutions; • Technology influences and adventure education; • Working with schools/school districts and being in sync with curriculum needs, supporting transportation challenges, etc.
    Keywords: outdoor adventure education ; social justice ; inclusive praxis ; Outward Bound ; policy ; purposes ; practice ; barriers ; outdoor learning ; outdoor and adventure education ; international perspectives ; comparative ; experiential learning ; transformative learning ; equity ; pedagogy ; whiteness ; gender ; critical theory ; outdoor education ; outdoor skills ; partnership ; outdoor programs ; outdoor education in urban areas ; outdoor recreation ; female empowerment ; single-gender ; adolescent programming ; adolescent girls ; outdoor camp ; girls’ camp ; youth development ; treasure hunt ; mobile learning ; geocaching ; smartphone ; educational app ; Lesvos island ; secondary education students ; undergraduate students ; nature-based programs ; ecological framework ; COVID-19 impact ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The interest in biocompatible and biodegradable metals, such as magnesium, is mainly related to their potential use as structural material for orthopedic and cardiovascular applications where a temporary medical device is required. However, in the case of magnesium, in vivo experiments have clearly shown that the corrosion degradation rate of magnesium and its alloys is too high and, hence, results in producing gas cavities that can promote the danger of gas embolism, tissue separation, and premature loss of mechanical integrity. The aim of this Special Issue on Biodegradable Metals is to explore and introduce innovative strategies to overcome the current limitations of magnesium.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; TP155-156 ; Biodegradable ; Implants ; Biocompatibility ; Iron ; Magnesium ; Bioabsorble ; Biocorrosion ; Zinc ; Biomaterials ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The present book reports recent contributions from research in the field of quartz and other silica minerals. The various forms of silica (SiO2) represent important constituents of the Earth crust and play a central role in the composition of geological materials. In particular, quartz is widely used as a raw material in numerous industrial sectors. The knowledge of the formation and specific properties of SiO2 rocks and minerals is indispensable for the understanding and reconstruction of geological processes, as well as for specific technical applications. The works presented in this book are contributed by leading scientists and deal with aspects of the formation and processing of SiO2 raw materials, the analysis of high-purity quartz, and the specifics and varieties (e.g., quartz, amethyst, opal, agate) of SiO2 modifications. The presentations cover the main interrelations between theoretical, analytical, and industrial studies and provide information concerning recent developments in the research on SiO2 materials.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; GE1-350 ; QE1-996.5 ; Diatomite ; Epithermal gold deposits ; Agate ; Opal ; Infrared Spectroscopy ; Quartz ; Cathodoluminescence ; Amethyst ; Extraterrestrial silica ; SiO2 deposits ; Silicified wood ; Thermogravimetry–Mass Spectrometry ; Processing of quartz raw materials ; Hydrothermal vein quartz ; Trace elements ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Natural and chemical compounds, often used as both dietary supplements and alternative medicines, are characterized by specific chemical properties, allowing their passage across the blood brain barrier with consequent specific effects on neurotransmission. In particular, several natural compounds have shown beneficial properties in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, especially cognitive impairment and mood disorders, contributing to the maintenance of the physiological brain functioning by interacting with different receptors, transcription factors and signal transduction pathways. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have also been proposed as crucial contributors to brain dysfunction development, thus recent investigations have focused on novel therapeutic approaches based on the use of phytoderivates with neuroprotective properties. Thus, this Special Issue includes a collection of 11 papers, describing key findings for the identification of molecular mechanisms required for the development of potential and promising natural therapeutics for the treatment of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; RM1-950 ; Natural compounds ; Neurodegeneration ; Brain Disorders ; Neuroinflammation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The summary should be ca. 200 words; this text will present the book in all promotional forms (e.g. flyers). Please describe the book in straightforward and consumer-friendly terms. [Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide band gap semiconductor with an energy gap of 3.37 eV at room temperature. It has been used considerably for its catalytic, electrical, optoelectronic, and photochemical properties. ZnO nanomaterials, such as quantum dots, nanorods, and nanowires, have been intensively investigated for their important properties. Many methods have been described in the literature for the production of ZnO nanostructures, such as laser ablation, hydrothermal methods, electrochemical deposition, sol-gel methods, chemical vapour deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, the common thermal evaporation method, and the soft chemical solution method. The present Special Issue is devoted to the synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanostructures with novel technological applications.]
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; synthesis ; ZnO ; characterization ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The desired properties of surface components include the improvement of different properties, such as aesthetic appearance, oxidation resistance, wear resistance, mechanical properties, electronic or electrical properties, thermal insulation, wear, triboemission and corrosion resistance through barriers. These properties can be enhanced using different methods, such as by adding a coating. Nevertheless, the bulk of the material or substrate cannot be considered independent of the surface treatment. Metal cutting is one of the general machining methods used to achieve high accuracy and productivity for metal parts. The topics of the book “Manufacturing and Surface Engineering” include the full range of surface engineering aspects, i.e., surface integrity, contact mechanics, friction and wear, coatings and surface treatments, multiscale tribology, computational methods, and optimization techniques applied in surface engineering. Recent experimental works by Zhang, Li, Zhang, Zhang and Duan, and by other researchers outlined that coating layer surface treatments may increase the damping behavior of thin-walled mechanical components vibrating in flexural conditions. Nevertheless, it was also experimentally found by the authors that most of these coating surface treatments had a negligible or null effect with respect to the vibrational damped response in testing or operating conditions. Ciniero, Le Rouzic and Reddyhoff report the potential of measuring charged particle emissions and/or tribocharging for the study or monitoring of the failure of coatings. The spatial information of triboemission allows the identification of the exact time and location of the failure. The evolution of the failure during sliding and the change in the characteristics of the contact are also monitored. After studying the effect of the Ti content on the performance of FeCoCrNiAlTix, He, Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Dong and Li establish that the structure of FeCoCrNiAlTix coatings consists of two kinds of BCC phases. With the continuous increase in Ti content, the number of eutectic structures decreases, accompanying the increase in the proeutectic phase and the Ti-rich second phase is precipitated out. Abutaha, Abdul Razak, and Ibrahim developed an experimental investigation into the engineering properties of concrete incorporating POC as an aggregate and filler material. This approach offers an environmentally-friendly solution to the ongoing waste problems associated with palm oil waste material. Liu and Janssen studied the effects of impact on the wear of the structural steel S235 in various liquids. When the impact is small, corrosion plays a dominant role, thus the sample in seawater wears the least due to the beneficial interaction with abrasion. However, when the impact is large, the wear rates of three liquids do not show a noticeable difference, because the wear mechanism changes from material removal to mainly plastic deformation. The influence of corrosion becomes a minor influencing factor when subject to impact. Vázquez Martínez, Salguero Gómez, Batista Ponce and Botana Pedemonte analyzed the different treatments obtained through setup parameter combinations to obtain samples with widely varying features, according to the thickness of the treated layer and the incidence depth of the laser beam. This diversity of samples shows a range of color tonalities from soft gold to medium gray and blue. Microstructural changes and oxidation layer generation provide a significant increase in the material hardness, reaching Vickers hardness values close to 1000 HV for high intensity treatments. Takada and Sasahara studied the FSB process using four levels of tip radius burnishing tools and investigated their effect on surface roughness, hardness and residual stress for a 0.45% C steel shaft. The thickness of the hardened layer increased as the tool tip radius decreased. The hardness value of the processed layer reached 600 HV. The residual stress on the processed surface was compressive when a radius tool with a smaller tip was used, and the residual stress turned tensile when a radius tool with a larger tip was used. Vereschaka, Kataeva, Sitnikov, Aksenenko, Oganyan and Sotova searched for patterns that allow a reliable justification for the choice of the composition of coatings and their micro- and nanostructures depending on the material being machined and the cutting regimes (in particular, the cutting speed). Amadori, Catania and Casagrande investigated experimentally eight different innovative composite solutions. A significant increase in the damping behavior was observed for all of these solutions with respect to the uncoated components, and with respect to the already known solutions that have previously been investigated by these authors and other researchers. The coating solution employing an Al2O3 powder + matrix, made using a screen-printing and curing technology on an Al alloy substrate, proved to be the most effective technology with respect to the aim of this work. Catania and Strozzi investigated the performance of different solutions in a free and forced flexural vibration response; they propose a simple model based on the assumption of a multi-layer, zig-zag beam, which also locally models the dissipative actions at the interface between the layers. Some virtual prototyping application examples are also reported.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; TA401-492 ; computational methods and optimization techniques applied in surface engineering ; coatings and surface treatments ; surface integrity ; friction and wear ; contact mechanics ; multiscale tribology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book contains a collection of twelve state-of-the-art, original papers with results from contemporary research in the syntheses and uses of nucleosides and nucleoside analogues, as well as two reviews on contemporary methodology to modify nucleosides.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; QD241-441 ; Synthesis of nucleoside ; Biological modification ; RNA ; DNA ; oligonucleotides ; Bioorganic ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book provides a first-of-its-kind review and analysis of benefit sharing frameworks between extractive industries and Indigenous and local communities in different parts of the Arctic. The authors describe a wealth of case studies in order to examine predominant practices, policies, arrangements, mechanisms and impact assessment methodologies. They also discuss possible ways to improve and advance existing benefit sharing regimes, in order to attain fair and equitable benefit sharing and support sustainable development. Among the topics covered in the book are corporate social responsibility and social license to operate, principles and methodologies of determining compensation, legal and informal frameworks of benefit sharing, community response to extractive activities, and global-to-local linkages that shape benefit sharing processes. The book will be of interest to academics, industry experts, legal specialists, policymakers, community members concerned with industrial activities, and anyone interested in sustainable development in the Arctic.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The use of social media in public health education/promotion has been increasing due, in part, to its ability to remove physical access and geographical barriers for users. Specifically, social media provides an outlet to increase and promote translational health communication strategies and the effective dissemination of health information and data in ways that allow users to not only utilize, but also to create and share pertinent health information. Although social media applications in public health and health promotion have yielded success in terms of generating support structures and networks for effective health behavior change, there are challenges and complications associated with use of social media that also need to be addressed (e.g., managing misinformation, ensuring compliance with privacy protection regulations). This Special Issue aims to explore social media as a translational health promotion tool by bridging principles of health education and health communication. Broadly, this Special Issue is seeking original submissions that examine: (1) the method with which social media users access, negotiate, and create health information that is both actionable and impactful for diverse audiences; (2) strategies for overcoming challenges to using social media in health promotion; and (3) best practices for designing, implementing, and/or evaluating social media campaigns and forums in public health. Special interest will be given to innovative submissions that expand and build upon traditional health education approaches with health communication theories and models. Other manuscript types of interest include relevant position papers, brief reports, and commentaries.
    Keywords: social media-based health management systems ; theory of planned behavior ; openness to new experience ; sustained health engagement ; physical literacy ; activity ; social media ; online resource ; Internet ; HONcode ; YouTube ; COPD ; Facebook ; online community ; self-management ; social support ; healthy consumption ; purchase intention ; trust ; emotional support ; expectation confirmation ; privacy concern ; consumer health informatics ; natural language processing (NLP) ; online support groups ; autism ; micro-video ; Provincial Health Committee ; healthcare ; Tik Tok ; China ; online social support ; social identity ; communication theory of identity ; rural health ; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; excessive drinking ; Twitter ; natural language processing ; American Communities Project ; health education ; health promotion ; ethics ; wearable technology ; drive for thinness ; health-oriented websites ; neuroticism ; web content internalization ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Higher education has been considered both an ‘engine’ for innovation and a ‘catalyst’ for sustainability development; the integration of both the innovation engine and sustainability catalyst roles are discussed in a recently published Special Issue on the theme of Higher Education in Innovation Ecosystems in the journal Sustainability. Based on 16 articles contributing to the Special Issue from various perspectives, the Special Issue editors have developed an overarching framework about the relationships between higher education and innovation ecosystems. In the framework, we re-define the concept of innovation ecosystem and identify emerging roles of universities in developing sustainable innovation ecosystems. Re-conceptualization of innovation ecosystems In the editorial of the Special Issue, innovation ecosystem is defined as: co-innovation networks in which actors from organizations concerned with the functions of knowledge production, wealth creation, and norm control interact with each other in forming co-evolution and interdependent relations (both direct or indirect) in cross-geographical contexts and through which new ideas and approaches from various internal and external sources are integrated into a platform to generate shared values for the sustainable transformation of society. Compared with most commonly cited definitions of innovation ecosystem, our definition highlights three new aspects of interactions in co-innovation networks: cross-sectoral, transnational, and indirect, drawing insights from the literature including innovation, geography, and biology studies. The roles of universities in innovation ecosystems The emerging roles of universities in innovation ecosystems are as follows: (1) The role of universities is changing from being a central player in technology transfer to being an anchor in knowledge exchange; (2) universities are assuming a new role in trust-building between actors in innovation ecosystems; and (3) universities are not merely an entrepreneurial universities but are also institutional entrepreneur in the innovation ecosystem. The three emerging roles all indicate that universities are becoming the catalysts for sustainable development in innovation ecosystems. Knowledge exchange is crucial for sustainability; trust is the foundation of the sustainable networks; social entrepreneurship is indispensable for sustainable social change. Evidence in wider contexts A total of 44 authors from 10 countries contributed to the discussions on the changing roles of higher education in innovation ecosystems from varying perspectives. They also report transformations within higher education and universities’ responses to both external and internal transformations. When addressing these issues, the studies provide both theoretical and methodological contributions to the research on higher education in innovation ecosystems. The 16 articles can be generally placed into four categories: (1) new demands for universities arising from the transformation in society toward innovation ecosystems, (2) transformations within higher education responding to emerging societal demands, (3) dynamics of the interaction of university with other innovation actors in a transnational context, and (4) academic and student mobility for higher education innovation. Calling for a new research agenda While societal changes demand broader roles of universities, they also call for and leads to substantial changes within the internal fabric of the university. The innovations in both society and the universities necessitate a renewed understanding of higher education in society, which has become a new research agenda in studies on innovation in higher education. We hope our Special Issue will inspire and encourage more scholars to join the research field.
    Keywords: transnational industry cooperation ; transnational university cooperation ; transnational innovation ecosystem ; EU–China ; science, technology and innovation cooperation ; transdisciplinary approach ; artificial intelligence ; machine learning ; Higher Education ; University ; Entrepreneurial competences ; Employability ; Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) ; Open Innovation ; business creation ; technology transfer ; innovation ; innovation ecosystem ; entrepreneurship education ; science and technology ; sustainability ; higher education ; educational innovation ; Mexico ; academic mobility ; knowledge transfer ; higher education innovation ; institutional environment ; postgraduate education ; education level ; discipline background ; graduation institution ; R&amp ; D investment ; triple helix ; synergy mechanism ; national system of innovation ; China ; Belt and Road Initiative ; developmental model of intercultural sensitivity ; general model of instructional communication ; instructional beliefs model ; intercultural communication competence model ; green GDP ; environment ; sustainable development ; global innovation systems ; Chinese research university ; faculty income ; academic labor market ; ordinary labor market ; joint R&amp ; D institute ; institutional logics ; China’s innovation system ; China’s transnational Triple Helix linkages ; problem-solving ; critical reflection ; knowledge integration ; social learning ; systemic thinking ; entrepreneurial university ; entrepreneurship ; influencing factors ; sustainable universities ; corporate sustainability ; tensions ; integrative framework ; Finnish universities ; higher education system ; social entrepreneurship ; entrepreneurial universities ; business model innovation ; socialist economies ; Cuba ; knowledge brokers ; knowledge intensive policies ; smart specialisation ; innovation ecosystems ; global talent ; social integration ; economic integration ; Chinese student ; Finland ; university ; third mission ; knowledge-based society ; global innovation networks ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book is a collection of 13 innovative papers describing the state of the art and the future perspectives in solid-phase extraction covering several analytical fields prior to the use of gas or liquid chromatographic analysis. New sorptive materials are presented including carbon nanohorn suprastructures on paper support, melamine sponge functionalized with urea–formaldehyde co-oligomers, chiral metal–organic frameworks, UiO-66-based metal–organic frameworks, and fabric phase sorptive media for various applications. Solid-phase extraction can be applied in several formats aside from the conventional cartridges or mini-column approach, e.g., online solid-phase extraction, dispersive solid-phase microextraction, and in-syringe micro-solid-phase extraction can be very helpful for analyte pre-concentration and sample clean-up. Polycyclic musks in aqueous samples, 8-Nitroguanine in DNA by chemical derivatization antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of salvia prattii, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aater samples by bamboo charcoal-based SPE, parabens in environmental water samples, benzotriazoles as environmental pollutants, organochlorine pesticide residues in various fruit juices and water samples and synthetic peptide purification are among the applications cited in this collection. All these outstanding contributions highlight the necessity of this analytical step, present the advantages and disadvantages of each method and focus on the green analytical chemistry guidelines that have to be fulfilled in current analytical practices.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; method validation ; nitrated DNA lesion ; benzotriazoles ; microextraction ; LC-MS/MS ; perfluoroalkyl acids ; antibacterial diterpenes ; in-house loaded SPE ; isotope-dilution ; polycyclic musks ; wastewater ; peptide ; HPLC-DAD ; chiral compounds ; derivatization ; extraction ; water ; enantiomeric excess ; sample preparation ; metal-organic frameworks ; solid-phase extraction ; FPSE ; melamine sponge ; preparative high-performance liquid chromatography ; GC–MS/MS ; solid phase peptide synthesis ; HPLC-PDA ; Salvia prattii ; in-syringe micro solid-phase extraction ; organochlorine pesticides ; hydrophilic solid-phase extraction ; response surface methodology ; IBD ; graphene ; sorptive phase ; paper ; liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry ; carbon nanohorns ; gradient elution ; peroxynitrite ; bamboo charcoal ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; environmental samples ; parabens ; solid phase extraction (SPE) ; preparative purification ; antidepressants ; online solid-phase extraction ; organic pollutants ; urea-formaldehyde co-oligomers ; personal care products ; dispersive solid-phase extraction ; fabric phase sorptive extraction ; analyte partitioning ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Micro-extraction techniques in sample preparation are gaining interest among analytical chemists as they comply with green analytical chemistry demands and ensure environmental protection and public safety. Savings in cost and time are considered as valuable benefits by using novel micro-extraction approaches in sample handling. Selectivity, sensitivity and lower detection limits are also included among the performance characteristics required to meet the legislation criteria. The target of this special issue is to present the state of art in microextraction sample preparation techniques. Modern, simple and efficient methods for preconcentration and separation are described for different analytes isolated from various matrices.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; separation techniques ; Microextraction ; green chemistry ; sample preparation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book covers major important aspects of nanostructured solar cells of varying types. From fundamental physicochemical investigations to technological advances, and from single junction solar cells (silicon solar cell, dye sensitized solar cell, quantum dots sensitized solar cell, and small molecule organic solar cell) to tandem multi-junction solar cells, all aspects are included and discussed to advance the use of nanotechnology to improve the performance of solar cells with reduced fabrication costs. Most recent studies of nanostructured solar cells have been integrated in this book, allowing readers to quickly follow recent developments in this area.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; light harvesting ; Photovolatics ; light management ; carrier multiplication ; nanomaterials ; solar cells ; engineering ; nanostructures ; plasmonic interface ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The chemistry of materials containing Se oxyanions in the +4 oxidation state, such as selenite, hydrogenselenite, and oxoselenate, are of increasing interest in the research community for several reasons. First, the lone pair on the selenium atom can behave as structure-directing agent towards the formation of materials characterized by the presence of hollows or channels in their intimate structures, moreover, the weakly coordinative capability of the Se(IV) electron lone pairs could give rise to interesting supramolecular interactions, and finally, it is known that the incorporation of selenite anions can lead to non-centrosymmetric structures and, consequently, to materials displaying remarkable physicochemical properties. The most important feature is that the full comprehension of the properties of this type of materials cannot be exhaustively understood unless the complete solid state crystal structure is available. In this Special Issue, entitled “Crystal Structures of Compounds Containing Ions Selenite”, a series of new selenite-containing compounds synthesized by different methodologies and fully caracterized in the solid state is reported. Moreover the fundamental role of detailed structural analysis in understanding the interactions in the solid state that are responsible for the peculiar chemical–physical properties of such materials is discussed.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Molecular and crystal structure of materials incorporating selenite anions ; Full characterization of new selenite compounds ; NLO properties of selenite holding materials ; Supramolecular interactions derived from selenite containing structures ; MOF derived from selenite containing compounds ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Sustainability is an urgent developmental task for our society and is attracting increasing attention. Therefore, higher education institutions (HEIs) are also called upon to deal theoretically, conceptually, methodically, critically, and reflectively with the associated challenges and the processes and conditions of transformation in order to contribute to sustainable development. How can complex organisations such as HEIs succeed in initiating and maintaining the process of sustainable development within their own institutions and make it a permanent responsibility? How can as many protagonists as possible be persuaded to get involved in sustainable development? This book deals with the promotion of sustainable university development and provides an overview of how universities can be organised sustainably and how sustainable development can be implemented in their various functional areas. In the sense of a “whole-institution approach”, which encompasses entire HEIs, the focus is not only on the core areas of teaching (higher education for sustainable development) and research (sustainability in research) but, also, on the operational management of HEIs. In addition, this book focuses on sustainability governance and transfer for sustainable development at HEIs as cross-disciplinary issues.
    Keywords: higher education institutions ; implementation ; organisational factors ; sustainable development ; interpretative structural modelling (ISM) ; higher education institutions (HEIs) ; cross-sector collaboration ; multi-professional collaboration ; transdisciplinary research ; narrative analysis ; sensemaking ; whole institution approach ; organizational networks ; constant comparative analysis ; athletic departments ; higher education ; sustainability ; loose coupling ; shared governance ; United States ; intellectual capital ; performance ; quality of life ; sustainability assessment ; environmental management performance ; German-speaking countries ; survey ; whole-institution approach ; competencies ; knowledge ; values ; case study ; discourse analysis ; environment ; Global South ; Sustainable Development Goals ; universities’ transformation ; sustainability assessment tool ; sustainability governance ; systems theory ; governance equalizer ; politics ; profession ; organization ; public ; organizational culture ; Germany ; sustainability in science ; transformative science ; grammar of responsibility ; ethics of knowledge ; universities as echo chambers of society ; catalytic science ; universities ; organizational change ; higher education for sustainable development (HESD) ; sustainability transitions ; SD ; alliances ; university ; transfer ; practitioner–university partnership ; societal impact ; education for sustainable development ; higher education development ; sustainable university development ; systemic development ; inter-organizational networks ; worldviews ; societal transformation ; systemic transformation ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: ca. 200 words; this text will present the book in all promotional forms (e.g. flyers). Please describe the book in straightforward and consumer-friendly terms. [In recent years, advanced nanocomposites have attracted a great deal of attention from materials engineers and industrialists due to numerous advantages, including the use of a small amount of nanofillers to significantly enhance the material properties of resulting nanocomposites, widespread applications in a range of fields, such as automobiles, aerospace and aerocrafts, building structures, biomedical devices, etc., as well as easy processibility based on current manufacturing technologies, such as melt compounding, solution casting, in situ polymerisation and electrospinning. Advanced nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxides (GOs), nanoclays, nanocellulose, and nanofibres demonstrate excellent multifunctional properties, consisting of better mechanical, thermal, electrical, and barrier properties. The key issue is still the encountered challenge of homogeneous filler dispersion in morphological structures for tailored advanced nanocomposites. Hence, processing-structure-property nanocomposite relationship is crucial for their future development as innovative hybrid material systems. This Special Issue will address above-mentioned points in relation to manufacturing, characterisation, and properties of advanced nanocomposites to offer an insight into this new composite family with the incorporation of nanofillers, nanoparticles, and nanomaterials in order to eventually achieve the nanotechnological "bottom-up" scheme.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; H1-99 ; nanofillers ; morphological structures ; material properties ; filler dispersion ; experimental characterisation ; nanocomposites ; nanostructures ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The market is continuously looking for substitutes for expensive polymers or tailor made polymers for specific applications. Therefore, polymer blends are gaining more interest since they possess a great potential to fulfill these needs. Blending not only results in better final properties, but can also improve the processing behavior and reduce costs. In the field of polymer blends, there are numerous parameters that influence the morphology, e.g., viscosity ratio, blend composition, shear conditions, and blend ratio. There is still a great deal of potential to scientifically exploit the possibilities of blend technology, which is necessary to obtain a foundation based on science, engineering, technology, and applications in order to make it possible to tailor polymer blends as desired. However, combining two or more different polymers to receive favorable properties by blending often results in immiscible polymer blends. This immiscibility goes hand-in-hand with phase separation leading to weak mechanical properties. The high interfacial tension causing this can be reduced by compatibilization of polymer blends. There are different methods to achieve this, such as adding block and graft copolymers, reactive polymers to form block and graft copolymers, nanoparticles or organic molecules. Using suitable compatibilizers, not only is the interfacial adhesion between matrix and its blends reduced, but also the dispersion of the dispersed phase is improved, the adhesion between the phases is enhanced and the morphology is stabilized. This can lead to improved mechanical and morphological properties. Designing new polymer blends or improving the properties of immiscible polymer blends by compatibilization is very challenging, but an excellent way to exploit the full potential of polymers for applications and their varied needs. This Special Issue is a source of information on all recent aspects of polymer blend technology.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; QD241-441 ; block-co-polymers ; interfacial tension ; micro- and nano morphology ; reactive compatibilization ; miscible polymer blends ; interpenetrating networks ; compatibilization ; blend rheology ; immiscible polymer blends ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In a dedicated Special Issue, the journal Polymers has compiled papers on the current trends and research directions within the preparation, characterization and application of polymer-based composite materials in electrical engineering applications. In recent times, this type of material has evolved to become one of the most thoroughly investigated materials, stimulated by the demand for the resource-efficient assembly of generators, transformers, communication devices, etc. Novel composites are to be used as insulating materials with high thermal conductivity and excellent temperature stability, through which premature ageing and degradation of devices shall be avoided or at least reduced. This Special Issue comprises twelve contributions by internationally renowned researchers; to mention Petru V. Nothinger (University Politehnica of Bucharest), Alun S. Vaughan (University of Southampton), Stanislaw M. Gubanski (Chalmers University of Technology), Michael Muhr (Graz University of Technology), Johan J. Smit (TU Delft), and Ulf W. Gedde (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) as prominent examples. The state-of-the-art research and technology of the area ‘micro- and nanocomposites for electrical engineering applications’ has been summarized in three review articles, while the current research trends and the development and characterization of novel materials have been described in eight original research articles. Stimulated by the vivid current interest in this topic, this Special Issue of Polymers has additionally been compiled in a book version.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; adhesion in multilayer composites ; functionalized polymers ; stability/reliability of devices and ageing phenomena ; electrical characterization of composite materials ; curing of composites ; thermal conductivity ; surface functionalization of micro- and nanoparticles ; composite processing ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The spin-crossover (SCO) phenomenon originates from the intrinsic bistability of the d-electron configuration, created by the competition between ligand-field splitting and spin-pairing energies in a first coordination sphere of transition metal ions. Since Cambi’s visionary finding of the SCO phenomenon in 1931, considerable knowledge concerning syntheses, crystal structures, magnetic and thermodynamic properties, spectroscopies, molecular orbital calculations, and theories of SCO complexes has accumulated in a very large number of inorganic molecular coordination compounds, and, in addition, inorganic cobaltates and bioinorganic molecular systems. Recent studies which have focused on other electronic properties exhibited by SCO complexes themselves, control of molecular assemblies, and moreover, multifunctionalization of SCO complexes with either different electronic properties or porous frameworks will open the possibility toward future practical applications of SCO complexes. Thus, the fundamentals and applications of SCO complexes afford a very exciting research field in inorganic coordination chemistry and continues to attract growing attention on a wide range of relevant research fields. This Special Issue aims at collecting research and review contributions concerning recent advances in all aspects of SCO and related phenomena and disseminating this extensive knowledge with a broader audience by means of open access publishing. I invite you to contribute papers in the following research areas so that your research can impact the next generation trends in this promising field.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Stimulus-induced Spin Transition ; Spin-Crossover (SCO) ; Crystal Engineering of SCO and related complexes ; Valence Tautomerism ; Multifunctionality of SCO and related complexes ; Charge-transfer-induced Spin Transition ; Ligand-driven Spin-state Conversion ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Disasters such as earthquakes, cyclones, floods, heat waves, nuclear accidents, and large scale pollution incidents take lives and cause exceptionally large health problems. The majority of large-scale disasters affect the most vulnerable populations, which are often comprised of people of extreme ages, in remote living areas, with endemic poverty, and with low literacy. Health-related emergency disaster risk management (Health-EDRM) [1] refers to the systematic analysis and management of health risks surrounding emergencies and disasters; it plays an important role in reducing hazards and vulnerability along with extending preparedness, response, and recovery measures. This concept encompasses risk analyses and interventions, such as accessible early warning systems, timely deployment of relief workers, and the provision of suitable drugs and medical equipment, to decrease the impact of disaster on people before, during, and after disaster events. Disaster risk profiling and interventions can be at the personal/household, community, and system/political levels; they can be targeted at specific health risks including respiratory issues caused by indoor burning, re-emergence of infectious disease due to low vaccination coverage, and gastrointestinal problems resulting from unregulated waste management. Unfortunately, there has been a major gap in the scientific literature regarding Health-EDRM. The aim of this Special Issue of IJERPH was to present papers describing/reporting the latest disaster and health risk analyses, as well as interventions for health-related disaster risk management, in an effort to address this gap and facilitate major global policies and initiatives for disaster risk reduction.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: 'The Future of Catholic Theological Ethics' undertakes a search for new ways of making Catholic theological ethics relevant. It engages with a ground-breaking publication 'Reframing Catholic Theological Ethics' (Oxford University Press, 2016) by Joseph Selling, Emeritus Professor of Moral Theology, Catholic University Leuven. Selling opens the volume with a summary of the approach he developed in the above work. The papers presented here cover several major themes that, traditionally, Catholic theological ethics have considered but, according to the authors of the papers, need revisiting. Amongst these themes are: conscience, virtue, natural law, authority, ecumenism, the human person and the theology of theological ethics. The writers represent a variety of approaches, geographical locations and while most of them are Roman Catholic, there is an imbedded ecumenism and interreligious and inter-cultural slant in several discussions. The authors agree that Catholic theological ethics, in order to be relevant, it needs to become more context-sensitive, ecumenical, practice-based, experience-oriented, continuously discerning, pedagogically wide-ranging and theologically articulate. It must be unceasingly willing to review and renew its method as well as revisit its key concepts. It must neither dismiss its long tradition nor stick to its single interpretation.
    Keywords: H1-99 ; HIV/AIDS ; global South ; global North ; conscience ; love ethics ; social ethics ; method of moral theology ; virtues ; Catholic ethics ; virtue ethics ; Thomas Aquinas ; normativity ; Duns Scotus ; Karl Barth ; Pope Francis ; ecumenism ; teleology ; sexual ethics ; contextualisation ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The future of the precious metals is shiny and resistant. Although expensive and potentially replaceable by transition metal catalysts, precious metal implementation in research and industry shows potential. These metals catalyze oxidation and hydrogenation due to their dissociative behavior toward hydrogen and oxygen, dehydrogenation, isomerization, and aromatization, etc. The precious metal catalysts, especially platinum-based catalysts, are involved in a variety of industrial processes. Examples include Pt–Rh gauze for nitric acid production, the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst for cyclohexane and propylene production, and Pd/Al2O3 catalysts for petrochemical hydropurification reactions, etc. A quick search of the number of published articles in the last five years containing a combination of corresponding “metals” (Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh and Au) and “catalysts” as keywords indicates the importance of the Pt catalysts, but also the continuous increase in the contribution of Pd and Au. This Special Issue reveals the importance of precious metals in catalysis and focuses on mono- and bi-metallic formulations of any supported precious metals and their promotional catalytic effect of other transition metals. The application of precious metals in diverse reactions, either homogeneous or heterogeneous, and studies of the preparation, characterization, and applications of the supported precious metal catalysts, are presented.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; QD146-197 ; Q1-390 ; sustainable ammonia synthesis ; Pt3Sn alloy ; alkenols ; n/a ; PtSn alloy ; propane dehydrogenation ; chelate ; photodegradation ; gold nanoparticles ; photochemical ; alkynols ; triple bond electron charge ; palladium catalyst ; Pt/Al2O3 ; 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol ; hydrogen storage ; X-ray crystallography ; ruthenium ; platinum dispersion ; gold catalysts ; reduction temperature ; DOC ; palladium ; renewable hydrogen ; 1-propanol ; 4-hydroxyproline ; glycerol ; 2-?-benzylproline ; proline ; hydrogen bonding ; oxidative coupling ; glucose oxidation ; stabilizing agent ; titania ; 4-fluoroproline ; turnover frequency ; porous carbons ; Pt–Sn/Al2O3 ; P25@Pd ; catalyst synthesis ; 2-propanol ; amino acid ; azetidine ; precious metals ; clay ; gas phase hydrogenation ; CNTs ; 3-butyn-2-ol ; Pd/Al2O3 ; heterogeneous enantioselective hydrogenation ; XPS ; microwave ; caesium ; perovskite ; CO oxidation ; Au–TiO2 ; dodecahydro-N-ethylcarbazole ; phenol photo-degradation ; pipecolinic acid ; 3-butyn-1-ol ; acetophenone ; drying ; palladium catalysts ; N-methylproline ; dehydrogenation ; PVA ; aging ; hydrodechlorination ; hydrogenolysis ; dispersion ; direct reduction ; core-shell ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Studying the origin of life is one of man’s greatest achievements over the last sixty years. The fields of interest encompassed by this quest are multiple and interdisciplinary: chemistry, physics, biology, biochemistry, mathematics, geology but also statistics, atmospheric science, meteorology, oceanography, and astrophysics. Recent scientific discoveries, such as water on Mars and the existence of super-Earths with atmospheres similar to primordial Earth, have pushed researchers to simulate prebiotic conditions in explaining the abiotic formation of molecules essential to life. This collection of articles offers an overview of recent discoveries in the field of prebiotic chemistry of biomolecules, their formation and selection, and the evolution of complex chemical systems.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; minerals ; n/a ; inosine ; carbamic acid ; prebiotic chemistry ; pentopyranose nucleic acid ; catalysis ; MVC architecture pattern and biological information ; carbon dioxide-ammonia ices ; stability as a selection pressure ; ribozyme and tRNA ; translation and the genetic code ; AnyLogic software for computer simulation of translation machine ; Darwinian evolution ; prebiotic information system ; genetic code origin ; electrochemistry ; coevolution of translation machine and the genetic code ; digit multiplicity ; thermodynamic bottleneck ; abasic oligomers ; selection ; nucleotide stability ; AICAR ; tRNA-synthetase ; hypercycle ; nucleotide oligomerization ; origin of life ; thioester ; dry-wet cycles ; Chemomimesis ; population growth ; tRNA and mRNA ; diversity ; early peptides ; Molecular Darwinism ; tRNA accretion model ; replication ; aldol reaction ; hydrothermal vents ; base pairing ; numerical codons ; abiogenesis ; purine precursor ; peptide/RNA world ; information ; ab initio molecular dynamics ; RNA ; cysteine ; nucleotide and nucleoside synthesis ; thiol-rich peptides ; novel metalloproteins ; transmission ; function ; energy currency ; anharmonicity ; arabinopyranose nucleic acid ; bridge peptide and aaRS ; aminonitriles ; mechanochemistry ; prebiotic polymerization ; origins of life ; encoding ; carbon fixation ; infrared spectra ; phosphoryl transfer ; metabolism ; growth order ; layered double hydroxide (LDH) clay ; molecular clocks ; Monte Carlo ; binary patterned amino acid sequences ; network expansion simulation ; prebiotic soup ; nucleotidyltransferases ; mixed anhydride ; phosphates ; translation ; ribosome ; pentose diphosphate ; monosaccharides ; systems chemistry ; reduction ; imidazoles ; protein design ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Dear Colleagues, The assembly of organic ligands and metal centres yields coordination polymers, many of which find applications in conductivity, catalysis, magnetism, gas sorption, biological sensing and luminescence. The structure and topology of coordination polymers may be manipulated by changing the reaction conditions, leading to a large variety of structurally and topologically unique products. However, controlling and predicting the final outcome of the self-assembly procedure remains one of the major challenges in the field. The final products are often strongly influenced by factors such as the behaviour of a functional group in a molecule, the influence of the crystallization conditions and the various conformations of the components within the crystal. This Special Issue aims to cover a broad range of subjects in coordination polymer chemistry, which are important to the continued growth of the field, showcase current developments and realise its full potential in applications to address major societal challenges. Therefore, we invite you to contribute a research article to this Special Issue and provide a clear snapshot of your research in this field.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Structural design and topological studies ; Electronic and magnetic properties ; Catalysis ; Health and medical applications ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Increasing attention is being paid to the development of effective technologies for the sequestration of CO2 and its storage. Hopefully, this will result in processes that can lead to its valorisation as a chemical, e.g., for the regeneration of fuels, but also for the production of intermediates. These are usually energy demands and rather slow processes, requiring energy input and catalysts. Some examples are the innovative strategies for the hydrogenation, photoconversion, or electroreduction of carbon dioxide. This book collects original research papers, reviews, and commentaries focused on the challenges related to the valorisation and conversion of CO2.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; QD450-801 ; microwaves ; dimethyl carbonate ; n/a ; dynamic reaction conditions ; catalysis ; water sorption ; alkali promoter ; Titania ; high pressure photocatalysis ; diatomite ; photoreduction ; catalyst preparation ; dehydration ; CO2 reduction ; photocatalysis ; CO2 hydrogenation ; carbon dioxide ; mechanochemistry ; CO2 electro-reduction ; surface oxidation-reduction ; operando XAS ; metal-carbon-CNF composites ; carbon nanofibers ; ultrasound ; carbon-based electrodes ; water diffusion ; alkali oxide ; quick-EXAFS ; H2 dropout ; CO2 methanation ; plastic waste ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    Département des études, de la prospective et des statistiques
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Avec la révolution numérique, les usages culturels évoluent, particulièrement dans les générations des digital natives, jeunes familiers des technologies de l’information et de la communication. Pour autant, les nouveaux usages culturels des jeunes (10-24 ans) ne sont pas exclusifs : les pratiques artistiques amateurs, la fréquentation des équipements culturels et la consommation médiatique se maintiennent auprès des jeunes générations où l’usage de l’internet apparaît lié à un intérêt plus global pour la culture et l’information. Le genre, l’âge et l’appartenance à une catégorie socioprofessionnelle demeurent des variables significatives. C’est du côté des instances de transmission – la famille, l’école et les institutions culturelles – que les évolutions sont les plus notables : celles-ci interrogent les instances de transmission (famille, école, équipements culturels) à repenser leurs modes d’action, qu’il s’agisse de transmission familiale, du lien entre culture et savoir ou encore de médiation.
    Keywords: H1-99 ; generation ; adolescence ; cultural participation ; cultural institution ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: French
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    Département des études, de la prospective et des statistiques
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Alors qu’à la faveur de la multiplication des festivals, des arts de la rue et des spectacles hors les murs, l’événementiel a pris une place importante dans le paysage culturel français, un essai de typologie des événements établie à partir de l’observation de plusieurs cas propose de retenir cinq critères (artistique, public, lieu, temps, rareté) pour caractériser l’événementiel culturel. L’étude souligne le lien entre projet artistique et territoire et rappelle le rôle culturel et social que peuvent jouer les événements culturels, raison pour laquelle les collectivités locales les privilégient pour affirmer une identité culturelle.
    Keywords: H1-99 ; entertainment industry ; festivals ; cultural event ; public of the culture ; cultural sociability ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: French
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book on water soluble polymers (WSP) contains contributions that deal with this extremely popular area of scientific investigation in polymer science and engineering, both in academic and industrial environments. The book contents cover a wide variety of topics, starting from polymerization kinetics (emphasis on multicomponent systems), clarification of factor effects (for example, ionic strength, pH, monomer concentration, and how they influence important chain characteristics and properties), mathematical modelling, parameter estimation, and process design, and ending with applications (i.e., using the well characterized polymer molecules to deliver specific desirable properties for specific applications (hydrogels, cosmetics, drug release, flocculation, nanotechnology, enhanced oil recovery, polymer flooding, absorbents, crosslinking, and many others)). This book contains 17 very high quality contributions from author groups that span the globe and represent currently active researchers in the WSP area.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; worldwide. ; Jamie Li of MDPI 'Processes' Editorial Offices has an extensive e-mailing list ; any department of Chemical Engineering and/or Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: With the recent advances in nanotechnology, plasma nanofabrication has become an exciting new niche because plasma-based approaches can deliver unique structures at the nanoscale that cannot be achieved by other techniques and/or in a more economical and environmentally friendly manner. Over the last decade, there have been exiting breakthroughs in the utilization of plasma processes in the fabrication of a rich diversity of nanomaterials and nanoengineered coatings. Examples include nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, and nanotextured coatings. Some of these materials can simply not be derived by conventional means while many others have remarkable plasma-induced properties setting them apart from their traditional analogue. These materials are revolutionizing a spectrum of fields, ranging from electronics to biology and medicine. The goal of this Book is to present some of the latest advances in the fields of plasma assisted nanoengineering and nanofabrication and their application to modern technologies. In addition, the Book aims at highlighting current challenges and obstacles that lie on the path to fully understand the fundamental physical phenomena underlying the plasma facilitated fabrication of nanomaterials. Further, this Book intends to provide guidance to researchers in the field and inform the community of exciting future directions.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; CVD ; plasma polymerization ; plasma nanomaterials ; plasma nanosynthesis ; plasma deposition ; plasma etching ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book is dedicated to highlighting some relevant advances in the field of thin films and coatings based on two-dimensional crystals and layered nanomaterials. Due to their layered structure, graphene and a variety of new 2D inorganic nanosystems, called “graphene analogues”, have all attracted tremendous interest due to their unprecedented properties/superior performance, and may find applications in many fields from electronics to biotechnology. These two-dimensional systems are ultrathin and, hence, tend to be flexible, also presenting distinctive and nearly intrinsic characteristics, including electronic, magnetic, optical, thermal conductivity, and superconducting properties. Furthermore, the combination of different structures and synergetic effects may open new and unprecedented perspectives, making these ideal advanced materials for multifunctional assembled systems. As far as the field of coatings is concerned, new layered nanostructures may offer unique and multifunctional properties, including gas barrier, lubricant, conductive, magnetic, photoactive, self-cleaning, and/or antimicrobial surfaces. This book contains new findings on the synthesis and perspectives of multifunctional films that are at the forefront of the science and coating technologies.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; QD241-441 ; Q1-390 ; MoS2 nanosheets ; composites coating ; corrosion ; transition metal nitrides ; electrochemical delamination ; Cu film ; dye-sensitized solar cells ; layered materials ; electroless NiP alloy ; bubble transfer ; PtPd ; photoresponse ; van der Waals heterostructures ; MoS2 ; stanene ; water ; microbial fuel cells ; counter electrode ; PEMFC ; combustion ; molybdenum disulfide ; silicene ; free-standing films ; energy conversion efficiency ; nanowire ; chemical vapor transport deposition ; transition metal carbides ; nondestructive ; reusability ; tungsten disulfide ; graphene ; surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy ; 2D ; reduced graphene oxide ; transition metal dichalcogenides ; epitaxial growth ; WS2 ; Pt nanoparticles ; graphene/MoS2/Si heterostructure ; mechanism ; thermal management ; transition metal carbonitrides ; interfaces ; photoluminescence ; air-cathode ; germanene ; 2D materials ; microhardness ; monolayer ; coatings ; stainless steel mesh electrode ; carbon nitride ; chemical vapor deposition ; two-dimensional materials ; plasma ; thermal conductivity ; plasmonic structure ; graphene suspension ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This Special Issue of Genealogy explores the topic of “Intergenerational Trauma and Healing”. Authors examine the ways in which traumas (individual or group, and affecting humans and non-humans) that occurred in past generations reverberate into the present and how individuals, communities, and nations respond to and address those traumas. Authors also explore contemporary traumas, how they reflect ancestral traumas, and how they are being addressed through drawing on both contemporary and ancestral healing approaches. The articles define trauma broadly, including removal from homelands, ecocide, genocide, sexual or gendered violence, institutionalized and direct racism, incarceration, and exploitation, and across a wide range of spatial (home to nation) and temporal (intergenerational/ancestral and contemporary) scales. Articles also approach healing in an expansive mode, including specific individual healing practices, community-based initiatives, class-action lawsuits, group-wide reparations, health interventions, cultural approaches, and transformative legal or policy decisions. Contributing scholars for this issue are from across disciplines (including ethnic studies, genetics, political science, law, environmental policy, public health, humanities, etc.). They consider trauma and its ramifications alongside diverse mechanisms of healing and/or rearticulating self, community, and nation.
    Keywords: Holocaust ; survivors ; second generation ; transgenerational transmission ; trauma ; Grossman ; Armenian ; genocide ; 1915 ; human rights violation ; Christianity ; law enforcement violence ; living with trauma ; impunity ; collective trauma ; dreams ; psychoanalysis ; literature ; Zabuzhko ; transgenerationally transmitted trauma ; indigenous wisdom ; disrupted attachment ; cultural restoration ; well-being ; survivance ; sobrevivencia ; healing ; struggle ; mothers ; movements ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling remains a powerful tool in organic synthesis for C–C bond formation and has various industrial applications, for example, the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and materials. Intensive research efforts are being made into finding ways of improving and expanding the scope of this process, and the development of more efficient catalytic systems for this extremely important reaction is still a hot research topic of enormous academic and industrial interest. This Special Issue, consisting of four reviews, two communications and six articles, focuses on recent promising research and novel trends in the broad field of Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling employing a range of different palladium catalysts. Homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis in organic or aqueous medium, using conventional conditions or non-conventional techniques such as microwave and ultrasound irradiation, grinding and photo-activated processes as green chemistry approaches, as well as continuous flow technology are included. The catalysts described herein are unsupported metal complexes, catalysts immobilized on solid supports, ligand-free catalytic systems or metal nanoparticles.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Phosphane-free ligand ; Metal nanoparticles ; Heterogeneous catalysis ; Cross-coupling ; Multiphase catalysis ; C-C bond formation ; Phosphane ligand ; Homogeneous catalysis ; Metal complex ; Noble metals ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: • The aim of this Special Issue is to examine the current major topics concerning the use of social media and big data in sustainable tourism practices and to encourage interdisciplinary discussion among researchers regarding these issues. • This Special Issue covers all relevant areas of the debate, including 15 selected papers based on the following core ideas: smart tourism and big data, social media in the tourism industry, and online reviews and tourist behaviors. • This Special Issue discusses wide-ranging topics and research questions with regard to the smart tourism city, the impact of social media, online reviews, and tourist behaviors, and it represents a call to action for scholars to engage with broader social issues.
    Keywords: shared short-term rental ; sustainable tourism ; online reviews ; purchase decisions ; social networks ; social media ; Twitter ; tourism ; volunteered geographic information ; OpenStreetMap ; nighttime light remote sensing ; social media usage characteristics ; Big Five personality traits ; personality characteristics ; social characteristics ; information characteristics ; e-WOM ; trust ; brand equity ; brand awareness ; brand image ; topic modeling ; latent Dirichlet allocation ; tourism 4.0 ; online travel agency ; online review ; text analytics ; improve customer satisfaction ; inductive approach ; dimensions of interest ; era of big data ; cultural consensus ; cultural consonance ; online hotel reviews ; trustworthiness ; technology acceptance model ; Generation Y ; overtourism ; organization-public relationship ; place-visitor relationship ; crowdfunding ; consumption value ; inner innovativeness ; perceived risk ; the intention to visit festival ; oblique photography ; mobile applications ; musicals ; city branding ; SNSs ; orientation ; smart tourism city ; smart tourism ; smart city ; sustainable development ; COVID-19 ; tourist destinations ; destination image ; stakeholders ; rural tourism ; social networking service ; theory of planned behavior ; social media use ; graffiti ; text mining ; social network analysis ; travel reality variety program ; viewing motivation ; viewing satisfaction ; presence ; attitude toward tourism destination ; spatial variance ; multiscale GWR ; sharing economy ; Airbnb ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
    Language: English
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  • 38
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book covers topics ranging from a detailed error analysis of SSTs to new applications employed, for example, in the study of the El Niño–La Niña Southern Oscillation, lake temperatures, and coral bleaching. New techniques for interpolation and algorithm development are presented, including improvements for cloud detection. Analysis of the pixel-to-pixel uncertainties provides insight to applications for high spatial resolutions. New approaches for the estimation and evaluation of SSTs are presented. In addition, an overview of the Climate Change Initiative, with specific applications to SST, is presented. The book provides an excellent overview of the current technology, while also highlighting new technologies and their applications to new missions.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Infrared ; Microwave ; Sea Surface Temperature ; Climate Data Records ; Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 39
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The characterization of peptides and proteins is central to understanding their function and expression in biological matrices. Moreover, these macromolecules are important biomarkers of many human diseases. In recent years, the performance of separation techniques based on electromigration have significantly increased. The development of microdevices has reduced sample consumption and waste production while high-sensitivity detectors, such as mass spectrometry (MS) or laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), have significantly improved with regards to separation efficiency and detection limits. All of these advancements have led to appreciably enlarged fields of application. Nowadays, a multitude of studies using separation techniques based on electromigration to study proteins and peptides from numerous real matrices are available in the literature. This Special Issue covers the most recent knowledge and advances in the study of peptides and proteins using several electrophoresis techniques, as well as the characterization of relevant proteins and peptides in application areas such as clinical studies, functional foods, and toxicology.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; QD450-801 ; seed phosphoproteomics ; LC-ESI-MS ; purity ; transferrin ; CE-LIF ; enzyme assay ; thioglucosidase ; capillary electrophoresis ; venom composition ; immunoassay ; fluorescence ; seed proteomics ; SEC-HPLC ; desulfo-sinigrin ; metalloproteins ; seed quality traits ; seed glycoproteomics ; proteomics ; sulfatase ; on-gel detection ; non-covalent binding ; Naja ashei ; myrosinase ; SDS-PAGE ; carbon dots ; 2-D electrophoresis ; fragment ; rhIL-12 ; seed molecular breeding ; chip-based CE-LIF assay ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    Département des études, de la prospective et des statistiques
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Le salariat représente les trois quarts de l’emploi total dans le secteur culturel. Il est très singulier par rapport à l’ensemble de l’emploi salarié en France : les salariés qui interviennent dans le secteur culturel ont souvent plusieurs employeurs (y compris des employeurs à l’extérieur du champ culturel), exercent plusieurs métiers, travaillent globalement moins longtemps que les autres tout en cumulant des contrats de différents types. Il est également très diversifié, les salariés intervenant dans l’audiovisuel et le spectacle vivant évoluant dans des situations bien distinctes de celles des autres salariés du secteur culturel, en termes de temps de travail, de salaires perçus, de types de postes occupés et de professions exercées.
    Keywords: H1-99 ; HF5001-6182 ; cultural wage-earner ; feminization ; cultural statistics ; cultural employment ; INSEE (National Institute of statistics and economic studies) ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: French
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book provides research and commentary on pharmacy technicians. It demonstrates how the re-design of pharmacy workflow to incorporate more responsibilities for technicians will free up pharmacist time to provide direct patient care. It also highlights that doing so can be accomplished without compromising—and often even improving upon—patient safety. The book also sheds light on employer needs and on new paradigms in pharmacy technician certification, education, and training. However, it also demonstrates the need for improvements in this area, as well as improvements in pharmacy technician quality of work life, advancement opportunities, and wages. Taken together, the papers in this book demonstrate how the results of recent studies help pave the road for the continued evolution of pharmacy care and the optimal deployment of pharmacy workforce personnel.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art sensors technology in France. It includes research articles that consolidate our understanding of the state-of-the-art in this area and also four reviews on hot fields in sensor technology (nanomaterials, electronic tongue and optical fibre networks).
    Keywords: QD71-142 ; analytical microsystems ; nanomaterials ; biosensors ; optical sensors ; thin film sensors ; BioMEMs ; electronic nose and tongue ; environmental sensors ; optoelectronic sensors ; gas sensors ; magnetic sensors ; MEMS ; mechanical sensors ; enzymatic sensors ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book contains original papers and reviews on carbohydrate research in medicine, authored by participants of the 29th International Carbohydrate Symposium, where this topic had a special emphasis. The focus on biological events involving carbohydrates and glycoconjugates has delivered reliable approaches for disease treatment and diagnosis. Research on carbohydrate-based compounds for therapeutic applications is illustrated in various contributions, namely those covering the development of novel agents against Alzheimer’s disease, e.g. the neuroprotective C-glucosylated flavones and the isonucleoside-based cholinesterase inhibitors. New imino sugar glucosidase inhibitors are also disclosed, a class of compounds with potential for diabetes, Gaucher disease or cancer treatment. Also the development of a useful synthetic method towards multivalent glycoclusters of biomedical interest is here highlighted. The relevance of glycomimetics in drug discovery and the progress on carbohydrates in early diagnosis and cancer treatment are reviewed. Noteworthy is the chitosan-based delivery system for drug oral administration, a new biomaterial-based approach to improve bioavailability. Another study on the conformation of Streptococcus capsular polysaccharide backbones by molecular modelling provides useful information for bacterial immunotherapeutic approaches. All original contributions and reviews clearly demonstrate the potential of glycosciences for innovation in medicinal (glyco)chemistry and pharmaceutical research.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; chitosan ; cancer treatment ; n/a ; theobromine ; multivalent ; carbohydrate ; glycomimetic ; capsular polysaccharide ; isonucleosides ; carbohydrate-based antitumor vaccines ; carbohydrate antigen ; sugars ; Alzheimer’s disease ; conjugate vaccines ; drug development ; microparticles ; cancer diagnosis ; polyhydroxypiperidines ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; iminosugar ; oral films ; Group B Streptococcus ; C-glucosyl flavonoids ; glycosidase inhibition ; polyhydroxyazepanes ; carbohydrate antigens ; binding affinity ; A?1-42 ; glucosidase inhibition ; lectin ; Mitsunobu reaction ; Microwave reactions ; chromen-4-ones ; iminosugars ; flavones ; cholinesterase inhibitors ; chemoselective ; glycoclusters ; lead optimization ; PAMPA ; oxime ; bioactive peptides ; molecular modeling ; buccal delivery ; warburg effect ; aminooxy ; miglustat ; miglitol ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Une trentaine d’établissements publics sous tutelle du ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ont pour vocation d’accueillir du public : 2 bibliothèques, 13 établissements à caractère patrimonial (musées et monuments), 6 établissements de spectacle (théâtres et opéras) et 5 établissements à caractère polyvalent (auditorium et musée de la musique pour la Cité de la musique par exemple). La présente étude fait le point sur la fréquentation de ces établissements. En 2009, la fréquentation totale (payante et gratuite) de ces établissements s’élève à 34 millions d’entrées. Les musées et monuments sont les plus attractifs auprès du public, en particulier les plus importants en termes de notoriété nationale et internationale, qui participent de l’attrait touristique de la capitale française. D’une façon générale, le nombre d’entrées tend à augmenter, une hausse qui accompagne souvent une diversification des activités proposées et des dispositifs mis en œuvre pour favoriser l’accès au plus grand nombre.
    Keywords: H1-99 ; JA1-92 ; associations culturelles ; bibliothèque ; musées ; tarification ; pratiques culturelles ; collectivités territoriales ; gratuité ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: French
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: It is now recognized that workplace aspects (scheduling, shift work, physically demanding work, chemical exposure) not only increase the risk of injury and illness, but also impact health behaviors (smoking, physical activity) and health outcomes (sleep disorders and fatigue, obesity, musculoskeletal disorders). In turn, ill health and chronic conditions can affect performance at work, increasing risk for injury, absenteeism, and reduced productivity. In the past few decades, programs that expand the traditional focus of occupational safety and health to consider nontraditional work-related sources of health and well-being have been shown to be more effective than programs that separately address these issues. This Total Worker Health approach has been recognized by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as a method for protecting the safety and health of workers, while also advancing the overall well-being of these workers by addressing work conditions. This compendium presents work from an international collection of scholars exploring the relationship between workplace factors and worker safety, health, and well-being. It provides guidance for improving the organization and design of work environments, innovative strategies for promoting worker well-being, and novel methods for exposing underlying occupational causes of chronic disease.
    Keywords: workplace bullying ; quality of life ; occupational health ; work-to-family conflict ; Korean workplaces ; organizational intervention ; health promotion ; injury prevention ; musculoskeletal ; ergonomics ; mixed-methods study ; construction industry ; safety management ; health risk behaviors ; workplace safety ; safety leadership ; health promoting leadership ; safety programs ; health protection ; leadership ; qualitative study ; Perceived Occupational Health (POH) ; Job Demands-Control-Social Support (JD-R) model ; professional accountants ; work organization ; dirty work ; moral leadership ; taint normalization ; management consulting ; burnout ; psychometric properties ; nursing ; workforce demographics ; home care workers ; workplace ; occupational ; safety ; health ; well-being ; dissemination ; cognitive demands ; employee well-being ; working conditions ; job satisfaction ; wellbeing ; wellbeing misalignment ; Millennials ; work stress ; productivity ; impairment cost ; stress management ; employee characteristics ; workplace health promotion ; health and safety ; cardiovascular disease ; work environment ; social capital ; trust ; Total Worker Health® ; health behaviors ; job stress ; occupational safety and health ; worker well-being ; turnover ; employment duration ; occupational injury ; manufacturing ; newly-hired workers ; occupational wellbeing ; performance ; happy-productive worker ; total worker health ; breastfeeding ; industry ; workplace accommodations ; work culture ; work policy ; occupational health surveillance ; young workers ; training ; MTurk ; likeability ; behavior change ; Total Worker Health ; participatory methods ; program implementation ; organizational readiness ; process evaluation ; logic model ; workplace health management ; occupational health and safety ; company reintegration management ; return to work ; cross-sectional survey ; Germany ; adolescent ; hypertension ; blood pressure ; Hispanic ; work ; farmworker ; integration ; participatory workplace program ; process fidelity ; program impact ; sustainability ; workplace health ; wellness ; governance ; planning ; barriers ; survey ; ACA ; precarious work ; action learning ; technical assistance ; community-university partnership ; policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) change ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: We are very pleased to introduce the Book Version of our Special Issue in Molecules dedicated to the memory of the late Professor Dr. Charles D. Hufford. The issue has been a huge success, with 22 full-length peer-reviewed papers and a tribute by Professor Alice M.Clark. Authors, reviewers, and collaborators from many countries across the worldhave contributed to this endeavour, and we are truly grateful to all. This Special Issue isrepresentative of the broad impact that “Charlie” had on the field of bioactive naturalproducts. This Special Issue comprises papers from Professor Hufford’s former students,colleagues, and collaborators throughout the world who have utilized a wide array ofstate-of-the-art techniques to examine diverse natural sources to isolate and identify avariety of natural products with a wide spectrum of biological activities, including somenew microbial transformations and insights into bioactive molecules. Many new bioactive compounds are described and reported here for the first time. Bioactivities reportedinclude cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antileishmanialactivity, antitrypanosomal activity, antimalarial activity, analgesic activity, and beneficialliver activities, just to name a few. This Special Issue will undoubtedly have a lasting impact on the field of bioactive natural products, as exemplified by the career of Dr. Hufford.Lastly, without the timely and outstanding contributions from all of you, this Special Issue would not have been possible. We thank you all very much for your contributions and your time devoted to this Special Issue in memory of a special person. Finally, we express ourgratitude and thanks to the journal Molecules and their excellent team of expert reviewers for giving us the support and opportunity to make this Special Issue a huge success!
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; Prosopis glandulosa ; n/a ; pentalogin ; vasculogenesis ; Cryptococcus neoformans ; analgesic ; diterpenes ; muscadine ; anti-leishmanial activity ; Il-8 ; antioxidant activity ; cryptococcosis ; liver activity ; antimicrobial resistance ; monoamine oxidase-B ; cytotoxic activity ; monoamine oxidase-A ; gastro-resistant ; maleimides ; Turnera diffusa ; Cochlospermaceae ; fusidic acid ; jenipapo ; polyketide ; DNA barcoding ; microparticles ; antimalarial activity ; insecticidal activity ; aldose reductase inhibitor ; Baccharis ; antitrypanosomal activity ; microbial transformation ; coumarinolignans ; methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ; multi-drug resistant (MDR) ; channel catfish ; carotenoids ; dietary supplement ; (E)-8(17) ; cardiomyogenesis ; Xylariaceae ; plant pathogenic and endophytic fungi ; antipyretic ; chromone ; acacetin 7-methyl ether ; inflammation ; endophytic fungi ; anti-inflammatory ; acacetin ; acylphloroglucinol ; Arthrinium sp. ; HPLC ; amphotericin B ; molecular dynamics ; Cochlospermum vitifolium ; lignans ; augustine N-oxide ; NF-?B ; C-26-oxidation ; isoxanthohumol ; Cunninghamella echinulata ; buphanisine N-oxide ; Stevia rebaudiana ; Torreya taxifolia ; pyranoanthocyanin ; Crinum amabile ; antibacterial ; sterols ; Flavobacterium columnare ; sesterterpene ; isolation and elucidation ; Jatropha pelargoniifolia ; Rubiaceae ; iNOS ; Mitracarpus scaber Zucc. ; obesity ; neurological disorder ; stilbenes ; hop prenylflavanone ; columnaris disease ; zerumbol ; molecular docking ; phlorogluciniol ; iso-stevioside X-ray structure ; Zingiber monatnum ; flavonoids ; factor X ; GC/MS ; flavonoids glycosides ; SAR ; Leishmania donovani ; terpenes ; 13(S)-hydroxyatisenoic acid derivative ; rebaudioside A isomers ; MS/MS ; malaria ; HPLC-ESI-IT-MS/MS ; natural products ; Morus alba L. ; biological activities ; pancreatic cancer ; thrombosis ; prosopilosidine ; Litsea cubeba ; Nemania ; HepG2 ; C-27-oxidation ; resveratrol ; cytotoxicity ; 12-labdadiene-15 ; alkaloids ; aromatic compounds ; neuroprotective agent ; diterpene glycosides ; fluconazole ; phytotoxicity ; 16-dial ; microscopy ; cytochalasins ; factor VII ; herbal medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Current fundamental electronic-structure theory allows for the accurate prediction and characterization of elemental metals adopting any allotropic structure, intermetallic compounds, and other metal-rich phases. From an engineering perspective, there is a need for structural materials that are suitable for mechanical and civil engineering as well as energy production and conversion. While different microstructural features influence the macroscopic behaviour, quantum-mechanical simulation may enormously accelerate and guide the entire development process since atomistic modelling allows for the generation of structural models and the calculation of enthalpies and other free energies as a function of pressure and temperature. Among other things, this volume covers high-manganese steels, some of which have come to light within Collaborative Research Centre 761 (“Steel ab initio”). In particular, it deals with short-range ordering from experiment and theory, also highlighting carbide-like precipitates, and it bridges the gap between atomistic and continuum levels, in particular for hydrogen embrittlement. Molecular dynamics simulates crack propagation, and first-principles theory helps in growing better intermetallic thin films and predicts structural and elastic properties. Eventually, multiscale modelling of hydrogen transport is provided, and the chemical reasons for H-trapping κ-carbides are highlighted. First-principles theory has acquired a powerful role in the fundamental and applied research of metals, alloys, and metallic compounds.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; TN1-997 ; precipitates ; stacking-fault energy ; deformation mechanism ; first principles ; hydrogen embrittlement ; high-manganese steels ; density-functional theory ; scale transfer ; electronic-structure theory ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Our extreme and growing energy consumption, based on fossil fuels, has significantly increased the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which may lead to global and irreversible climate changes. We have plenty of renewable energy, e.g., sun and wind, but the fluctuations over time and geography call for a range of new ideas and, possibly, novel technologies. The most difficult challenge appears to be the development of the efficient and reliable storage of renewable energy. Hydrogen has long been considered as a potential means of energy storage; however, storage of hydrogen is also challenging. Therefore, a wide range of hydrogen-containing materials, with energy-related functions, has been discovered over the past few decades. The chemistry of hydrogen is very diverse, and so also are the new hydrides that have been discovered, not only in terms of structure and composition but also in terms of their properties. This has led to a wide range of new possible applications of metal hydrides that permeate beyond solid-state hydrogen storage. A variety of new hydrides, proposed as battery materials, has been discovered. These can exploit properties as fast ion conductors or as conversion-type electrodes with much higher potential energy capacities, compared to materials currently used in commercial batteries. Solar heat storage is also an area of great potential for metal hydrides, in principle offering orders of magnitude better storage performance than phase change materials. Recently, hydrides with optical and superconducting properties have also been investigated. This Special Issue of Inorganics, entitled “Functional Materials Based on Metal Hydrides”, is dedicated to the full range of emerging electronic, photonic, and energy-related, inorganic, hydrogen-containing materials.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Optical Switch ; Synthesis Structural ; Functional energy materials ; Battery Electrode ; Superconductivity ; Hydrogen Storage ; Ionic Conductivity ; chemical and physical properties ; Metal hydride based batteries ; Heat Storage ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    Département des études, de la prospective et des statistiques
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: L’exploitation par le DEPS des enquêtes communautaires sur l’utilisation des TIC par les ménages et les particuliers, coordonnées, harmonisées et publiées par Eurostat, permet de dresser un portrait comparatif et en tendances de l’équipement en TIC, des modes d’accès à l’internet des ménages dans l’UE- 27 selon leurs caractéristiques socio-démographiques. Elle met en lumière l’intensification des usages numériques des particuliers, élucide les facteurs de développement des TIC que sont les usages culturels et le commerce électronique de produits culturels, mais aussi la forte liaison entre accès aux TIC et commerce électronique dans l’Union européenne. Enfin, sont établis des tendances et facteurs d’usages convergents sur l’internet, la télévision et la téléphonie: disponibilité, temps d’usages, générations, praticité, etc. Dans cette cartographie de l’accès et de l’utilisation des TIC dans l’UE, la France occupe une position intermédiaire: plutôt en dessous de la moyenne de l’UE en termes d’accès ou de téléphonie mobile, elle est plutôt au-dessus de cette moyenne en termes d’usages et de commerce électronique.
    Keywords: H1-99 ; digital ; INSEE (National Institute of statistics and economic studies) ; households expenditure ; ICT ; cultural institution ; internet ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Research on molecule-based magnetic materials was systematized in the 1980s and expanded rapidly. A Special Issue focusing on molecule-based magnetic substances was published in Magnetochemistry. However, the functionalities of the substances increase daily; therefore, the researchers’ quest is not yet in decline. Research on molecule-based magnetism developed across many fields, including chemistry, physics, material chemistry, and applied physics, and the use of the various functionalities of these molecule-based magnetic substances has greatly influenced research on spin-based devices. In honor of Professor Masahiro Yamashita, who contributed greatly to this field, I have put together a Special Issue that highlights ten groundbreaking articles. The issue is entitled, “A Themed Issue of Functional Molecule-Based Magnets: Dedicated to Professor Masahiro Yamashita on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday”. I wish to thank the authors for their dedicated work, and the referees and editorial staff for the time they invested commenting on the articles.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; QD450-801 ; pressure effect ; slow magnetic relaxation ; n/a ; graphene oxide ; mixed metal Co/Ln clusters ; X-ray diffraction ; magnetism ; AC susceptibility ; two-dimensional (2D) ferrimagnets ; cobalt ; coordination clusters ; lanthanides ; DFT calculation ; long-range magnetic ordering ; iron complex ; single-molecule magnets ; lanthanide complex ; coordination polymers ; octacyanidoniobate(IV) ; ferromagnetism ; nickel(II) ; heterometallic layers ; single-molecule magnet ; spin crossover ; high pressure ; molecule-based magnets ; chloranilato ; [2 ; crystal structure ; lanthanide ions ; honeycomb layers ; 3d/4f metal clusters ; di-2 pyridyl ketone ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The present book is aimed at illustrating the width of applications of metal nanoparticles in catalysis. It covers aspects such as metal nanoparticles preparation using natural biomolecules to the catalytic, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic activity of supported metal nanoparticles. In catalysis, metal nanoparticles exhibit general activity in oxidation and reduction reactions and the book contains examples of both types of processes in which the nanoparticles are on carbon supports or embedded inside the voids of microporous crystalline metal organic frameworks. Metal nanoparticles are also widely used in photocatalysis to enhance light absorption through plasmon band and the efficiency of the photochemical process. Besides classical applications, the use of metal nanoparticles is expanding rapidly in the field of renewable energies, going from catalysts for solid fuels electrodes to novel Li-O2 batteries.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; noble metals as catalysts ; TiO2 as photocatalyst ; heterogeneous catalysis ; clusters as catalysts ; metal nanoparticles ; transition metals as catalysts ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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  • 52
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Boron-based compounds have been utilized as ligands within transition metal complexes for many decades. The diversity of such compounds in terms of varying functional groups is truly exceptional. Boron compounds are of high interest due to the great potential to modify the substituents around the boron center and to produce a broad range of structural motifs. The many different ways these compounds can coordinate or interact with transition metal centers is astonishing. Examples of transition metal complexes containing boron-based ligands include scorpionates, cluster-type borane- and carboranes, borates, and phosphine-stabilized borylene ligands. This Special Issue brings together a collection of articles focusing on recent developments in the aforementioned boron-based ligands. The articles reported in this book will provide the reader with an overview of the types of boron-based ligands which are currently being researched in groups around the world.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; QD146-197 ; Q1-390 ; dodecaborate(6?) ; pincer ; hexanuclear compounds ; aggregation ; germanium ; ligand ; iridium ; ruthenium ; polyborate ; metallaborane ; boron-containing heterocycles ; soft scorpionate ; borohydride ; copper ; sulfur ; carborane ; zinc ; nido-carborane ; iron bis(dicarbollide) ; synthesis ; antimony ; borinane ; oxidoborate ; metallacarborane ; UV-Vis spectroscopy ; thiolato ligand ; dimethyloxonium derivatives ; scorpionate ; carboranylamidinate ; carbodiphosphorane ; self-assembly ; zinc(II) complex ; crystal structure ; cobalt bis(dicarbollide) ; NTA ; boron ; X-ray structure ; methoxy derivatives ; properties ; hexaborate(2?) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The amide bond represents a privileged motif in chemistry. The recent years have witnessed an explosion of interest in the development of new chemical transformations of amides. These developments cover an impressive range of catalytic N–C bond activation in electrophilic, Lewis acid, radical, and nucleophilic reaction pathways, among other transformations. Equally relevant are structural and theoretical studies that provide the basis for chemoselective manipulation of amidic resonance. This monograph on amide bonds offers a broad survey of recent advances in activation of amides and addresses various approaches in the field.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; QD450-801 ; N-heterocyclic carbene ; non planar amide ; ruthenium (Ru) ; physical organic chemistry ; gemcitabine prodrug ; pyramidal amides ; bridged sultams ; catalysis ; dipeptides ; N-(1-naphthyl)acetamide ; C-N ? bond cleavage ; steric effects ; peptide bond cleavage ; transition-metal-free ; palladium ; N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) ; addition reaction ; C–O activation ; rhodium ; metal complexes ; carbanions ; thioamidation ; amide bond ; intramolecular catalysis ; antiviral activity ; additivity principle ; pre-catalysts ; C–N bond cleavage ; bridged lactams ; C–H acidity ; arynes ; twisted amides ; organic synthesis ; amination ; Suzuki-Miyaura ; tert-butyl ; cyclopentadienyl complexes ; C-S formation ; enzymes ; DFT study ; sulfonamide bond ; N ; HERON reaction ; primaquine ; entropy ; amide activation ; amidation ; synthesis ; amide hydrolysis ; carbonylicity ; amide bond activation ; amide bond resonance ; aminosulfonylation ; molecular dynamics ; model compound ; in situ ; amide ; homogeneous catalysis ; heterocycles ; anomeric effect ; multi-component coupling reaction ; kinetic ; excited state ; C–H bond cleavage ; palladium catalysis ; amides ; thiourea ; formylation ; alkynes ; cis/trans isomerization ; amide C–N bond activation ; intein ; C-H functionalization ; succindiamide ; amide bonds ; crown ether ; aminoacylation ; directing groups ; cytostatic activity ; reaction thermodynamics ; acyl transfer ; transition metals ; N-dimethylformamide ; DMAc ; acylative cross-coupling ; C-H/C-N activation ; nickel catalysis ; antibacterial screening ; sodium ; aryl thioamides ; Winkler-Dunitz parameters ; catalyst ; N-dimethylacetamide ; base-catalyed hydrolysis ; nitrogen heterocycles ; cross-coupling ; insertion ; amidicity ; nitro-aci tautomerism ; activation ; carbonylation ; transamidation ; amine ; distortion ; Pd-catalysis ; rotational barrier energy ; hypersensitivity ; N–C activation ; metabolic stability ; [2+2+2] annulation ; twisted amide ; protease ; cyanation ; amide resonance ; trialkylborane ; catalysts ; biofilm eradication ; pharmacokinetics ; pancreatic cancer cells ; DMF ; aryl esters ; Michael acceptor ; fumardiamide ; water solvation ; ester bond activation ; cyclization ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; secondary amides ; reaction mechanism ; density functional theory ; density-functional theory ; amino acid transporters ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: In recent years, the advances and abilities of computer software have substantially increased the number of scientific publications that seek to introduce new probabilistic modelling frameworks, including continuous and discrete approaches, and univariate and multivariate models. Many of these theoretical and applied statistical works are related to distributions that try to break the symmetry of the normal distribution and other similar symmetric models, mainly using Azzalini's scheme. This strategy uses a symmetric distribution as a baseline case, then an extra parameter is added to the parent model to control the skewness of the new family of probability distributions. The most widespread and popular model is the one based on the normal distribution that produces the skewed normal distribution. In this Special Issue on symmetric and asymmetric distributions, works related to this topic are presented, as well as theoretical and applied proposals that have connections with and implications for this topic. Immediate applications of this line of work include different scenarios such as economics, environmental sciences, biometrics, engineering, health, etc. This Special Issue comprises nine works that follow this methodology derived using a simple process while retaining the rigor that the subject deserves. Readers of this Issue will surely find future lines of work that will enable them to achieve fruitful research results.
    Keywords: positive and negative skewness ; ordering ; fitting distributions ; Epsilon-skew-Normal ; Epsilon-skew-Cauchy ; bivariate densities ; generalized Cauchy distributions ; asymmetric bimodal distribution ; bimodal ; maximum likelihood ; slashed half-normal distribution ; kurtosis ; likelihood ; EM algorithm ; flexible skew-normal distribution ; skew Birnbaum–Saunders distribution ; bimodality ; maximum likelihood estimation ; Fisher information matrix ; maximum likelihood estimates ; type I and II censoring ; skewness coefficient ; Weibull censored data ; truncation ; half-normal distribution ; probabilistic distribution class ; normal distribution ; identifiability ; moments ; power-normal distribution ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
    Language: English
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    Département des études, de la prospective et des statistiques
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: L’enquête sur l’insertion professionnelle des 5 500 diplômés d’établissements supérieurs relevant du ministère de la Culture et de la Communication au cours des trois années qui suivent l’obtention de leur diplôme en 2004 révèle la qualité de ces formations. Professionnalisantes à court terme, elles garantissent un accès rapide à un emploi en lien avec la formation reçue pour près de quatre diplômés sur cinq. Les résultats confirment l’importance, pour la pérennité de l’emploi, de la correspondance entre le domaine et le niveau de formation et le premier emploi exercé. Trois ans après l’obtention de leur diplôme, 81 % des diplômés de la culture travaillent, contre 77 % de l’ensemble de la génération diplômée en 2004. Enfin, la rapidité de l’insertion, le niveau de rémunération et le taux de chômage varient selon les filières : l’architecture insère rapidement ses diplômés qui travaillent le plus souvent à temps complet, tandis que les diplômés du spectacle travaillent plus souvent à temps partiel et ceux des arts plastiques connaissent un taux de chômage de 20 %. L’enquête, menée en collaboration avec le Centre d’études et de recherches sur les qualifications (Cereq) auprès de 120 établissements et concernant plus de 1 200 diplômés, est inédite pour les diplômés de la culture.
    Keywords: H1-99 ; generation ; cultural statistics ; cultural employment ; INSEE (National Institute of statistics and economic studies) ; professionalization ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: French
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Three-dimensional printing is a futuristic technology capable of transforming the ways in which we make components and devices. It is almost certain that this technique will find its niche in the manufacturing sector in the very near future. In view of the growing importance of 3D printing, this book addresses key issues related to emerging science and technology in this area. Detailed and informative articles are presented in relation to a wide variety of materials, including those based on critical engineering metals such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium and composites. Advances in various techniques, such as electron beam melting and selective laser melting are discussed. Of key importance in the area of materials science is the end properties of the materials following processing. Accordingly, the articles presented critically discuss the effects of microstructural features such as porosity, forming defects and the heat treatment induced effects on the mechanical properties. Applications covered in these articles are targeted at the aerospace, automobile, defense and aerospace sectors. Overall, the information presented in this book is of significant importance for academic and industrial-based researchers who wish to inform themselves regarding this upcoming highly promising manufacturing technique.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; composites ; laser metal deposition ; additive manufacturing ; titanium ; selective laser melting ; magnesium ; aluminum ; 3D printing ; electron beam melting ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This volume explores the intersections of religion, power, and resistance in a fast-changing world. The authors herein seek to disrupt the sociology of religion’s dominant paradigms, especially its overemphasis in Europe and the United States, as well as its preference for official religions as opposed to diverse worldviews in all of their manifestations from around the world: Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, the Middle East, and North and South America. The papers in this volume explore ways of decentering the Global North and of decolonizing the sociology of religion’s core concepts. They explore strategies used by newer and popular forms of religion to challenge existing power structures. Moreover, they examine the intersectionalities that privilege some people’s religious lives and disprivilege others. They show how religion, spirituality, and non-religion are much more complex than the dominant paradigms have led us to believe. This volume seeks to generate robust discussion and critical reflection on new ideas for a divided world, thus contributing to the advancement of the discipline of religious sociology.
    Keywords: sociology of religion ; post-colonial ; reflexivity ; epistemology ; race ; religion ; violence ; South Africa ; decoloniality ; Chinese religion ; secularization ; Xunzi ; Durkheim ; identity ; African Pentecostalism ; integration ; transnationalism ; diaspora ; religious diversity ; religions ; law ; media ; education ; religious strength ; sex ; gender ; Canada ; religion and migration ; intersectionality ; popular religions ; multiple modernities ; lived religion ; power ; resistance ; social theory ; holistic spirituality ; Ghana’s New Churches ; ideology ; dominant ideology ; alternative ideology ; political power ; social constructionism ; Islamism ; Islam ; Shi’ism ; spiritualism ; rituals ; Iran ; non-religion ; atheism ; persecution ; policy ; diversity ; young people ; spirituality ; complexity ; hybridity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The use of polymeric materials from renewable resources dates back in history. Even though synthetic polymers dominated the market for years, there is now a need for the development of sustainable, safe, and environmentally benign plastics from renewable resources. Green polymers from renewable resources can be isolated from biomass, obtained through the chemical modification of natural polymers, or synthesized through a two-step process from biomass involving monomer synthesis and then polymerization. Finally, polymer synthesis can be achieved in plants through photosynthesis using carbon dioxide or in microorganisms (e.g. synthesis of poly(hydroxy-alkanoate)s). In this issue, the developments in sustainable polymers including PLA, PHB, and furan-based materials are presented together with those concerning bionanocomposites of lignocellulosic mater or starch, and blends of bioplastics. The use of biomass-based plasticizers, fillers, and additives for the improvement of polymers’ properties and the applications of biopolymers such as hyaluronic acid, carrageenans, chitosan, and polysaccharides in medicine and pharmaceutics are discussed.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; QD415-436 ; Renewable monomers ; Sustainable materials ; Biobased polymers ; Bioplastics ; Biodegradable polymers ; Renewable resources ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Electrical, optical, ionic and magnetic properties of ceramics are primarily dictated by their crystal structure. They can be improved by introducing impurities, creating long range order/short range order/disorder, engineering defects and utilising specific crystal anisotropy and orientation. This Special Issue is aimed at manuscripts focusing on the recent development of electroceramics and its relation to the crystallography, including the characterisation aspect. In particular, the topic of interest covers the review paper on principles, difficulties and progress of crystal structure determination and refinement from powder diffraction, and ferroelectricity in binary crystals. Other interesting piezoelectric, electrical conducting, dielectric and ferroelectric ceramics are reported with various crystal structural characterisation and microscopy techniques.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; ferroelectric ; crystallography ; microstructure ; dielectric ; piezoelectric ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: ca. 200 words; this text will present the book in all promotional forms (e.g. flyers). Please describe the book in straightforward and consumer-friendly terms. Belgium is a small country. The days of mining minerals and ores from the former colony, Congo, have long passed by and the last coal mine was closed 25 years ago. Now, there are hardly any physical resources in Belgium which can be exploited in materials research and development or industry. Materials research in Belgium bypasses this drawback by focussing on highly technological research fields, not requiring vast amounts of raw material. This approach includes the development of new analytical methods for the characterization of materials, research into new advanced functional materials as well as defining new industrial processes utilizing existing materials. This book compiles recent review and research papers from Belgian universities, covering a wide range of research disciplines in materials science. It thus presents a contemporary view on materials research activities in Belgium.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; QC1-999 ; functional materials ; Materials science ; catalysis ; construction materials ; optical materials ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book recognizes the career of Professor Emeritus Calvin H. Bartholomew, who celebrated his 75th birthday in 2018, and his contributions to the science and engineering of heterogeneous catalysis, a field which improves daily life in countless, but often unrecognized ways. Dr. Bartholomew is an eminent researcher, an outstanding educator, mentor, and friend. The nine chapters comprising the book were written by former students, collaborators, colleagues, and respected peers. Chapters cover supported iron Fischer–-Tropsch catalysts, a spectroscopic study of iron-based water gas shift catalysts, nickel catalysts both for (dry) methane reforming with associated carbon deactivation and carbon dioxide methanation, a methanol steam reforming catalyst, cobalt oxide on niobia catalysts for environmental applications, palladium catalysts supported on titania for hydrogen peroxide synthesis, methane combustion catalyst stability, and chiral catalyst deactivation. In summary, this book covers much of the breadth and points to the depth of Professor Bartholomew’s illustrious career. We thank him for his kind example and honor him for his lasting contributions.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; QD450-801 ; TP155-156 ; heterogeneous catalysis ; Fischer-Tropsch ; Calvin H. Bartholomew ; deactivation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Nanofibers, particularly those of a carbonaceous content, have received increased interest in the past two decades due to their outstanding physico-chemical characteristics and their possibility to form and contribute towards a plethora of potentially advantageous materials for consumer, industrial and medical applications. Despite this, and together with the numerous research studies and published articles that have sought to investigate these aspects, the potential impact of CNTs is still not understood. Whether or not nanofibers may be able to provide a sophisticated alternative to conventional materials is still debatable, whilst their effects upon both environmental and human health are highly equivocal. How nanofibers are conceived can determine how they may interact with different environments, such as the human body. Understanding each key step of the synthesis and production of nanofibers to their use within potential applications is therefore essential in gaining an insight into how they may be perceived by any biological system and environment. Thus, obtaining such information will enable all scientific communities to begin to realize the potential advantages posed by nanofibers. The aim of this Special Issue therefore, was to provide a collective overview of nanofibers; ‘from synthesis to application’. The Issue particularly focuses upon carbon-based nanofibers, but also highlights alternative nanofiber types. Emphasis is given holistically, with articles discussing the production routes of nanofibers, their plight during their life-cycle (origin to applied form and effects over time), as well as how nanofibers could either incite conflict, or provide aid to human and environmental health.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Toxicology ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Material Science ; Nanofibers ; Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book focus principally on ions-releasing and other smart dental materials for application in preventive and restorative dentistry, as well as in endodontics in the form of adhesives, resin-based composites, pastes, varnishes, liners and dental cements. Special attention has been given to bioactive materials developed to induce cells differentiation/stimulation, hard tissue formation and exert antimicrobial actions. New innovations are necessary to continue to help reinforcing existing technologies and to introduce new paradigms for treating dental disease and restoring teeth seriously compromised by caries lesions via biomimetic and more biological operative approaches. Dental bioactive materials is arguably the latest research area in dentistry and thus the amount of new research is overwhelming. However, in this day and age of evidence based practice it important for this new information to be distilled into a practical and understandable format.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; bone substitute ; n/a ; tissue engineering ; dental pulp ; antibacterial ; water sorption ; dentin ; doxycycline ; orthodontic resin ; irradiation ; early colonizer ; Streptococcus mutans ; nanotubes ; nanoparticles ; calcium phosphate nanoparticles ; ?-tricalcium phosphate ; longevity ; bone regeneration ; odontoblastic layer ; zinc ; resin composite ; bioactive ; remineralization ; hydrophilic properties ; stem cells ; color stability ; glass-ionomer cement ; cycling mechanical stress ; triclosan ; nanoporous silica ; ion recharge ; mechanical properties ; mineralization ; resin cements ; bleaching products ; calcium silicate cements ; mesenchymal stem cells ; glass-ionomer cements ; solubility ; silver ; degree of conversion ; dental composites ; diffusion ; calcific barrier ; resin sealant ; resin-modified glass ionomer cements ; desmineralization ; polyacrylic acid treatment ; sorption ; bone substitutes ; inflammation ; animal study ; preclinical biosafety ; shrinkage stress ; calcium sulfate ; photocatalyst TiO2 ; cytotoxicity ; hydroscopic expansion ; calcium ; microtensile bond strength ; antibacterial properties ; adhesion ; photoelastic investigation ; pulpal response ; dental sealant ; universal adhesives ; dentine ; long-term ion release ; cariogenic ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book is a collection of studies focused on the exploitation of enzyme stereoselectivity for the synthesis of relevant chemicals, such as innovative materials, chiral building blocks, natural products, and flavor and fragrance compounds. Different catalytic approaches are reported. The first study describes a resolution-based process for the stereoselective synthesis of the enantiomeric forms of the flavor compound linaloyl oxide, whereas other enantiomeric enriched aroma compounds were obtained through a novel microbial approach based on solid-state fermentation. Two relevant works exploit the potential of the biocatalyzed reduction reactions. The first of these contributions describes the enantioselective synthesis of ?-nitroalcohols by enzyme-mediated reduction of ?-nitroketones, whereas a second contribution reports the preparation of chiral 1,4-diaryl-1,4-diols through ADH-catalyzed bioreduction of the corresponding diketones. Concerning enantioenriched alcohol derivatives, natural hydroxy fatty acids are prepared by means of the biocatalytic hydration reaction of natural fatty acids using the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus as a whole-cell biocatalyst. Further studies describe the use of modified pullulan polysaccharide for lipase immobilization and the recent advances in synthetic applications of ?-transaminases for the production of chiral amines.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; QD146-197 ; Q1-390 ; enantioselective synthesis ; flavors ; n/a ; hydroxy fatty acids ; chiral amines ; diketones ; esters ; oleic acid ; Burkholderia cepacia lipase ; multi-enzymatic cascades ; solid-state fermentation ; biocatalysis ; agro-industrial side stream ; rapeseed cake ; enzyme-mediated resolution ; linolenic acid ; stereoselective biotransformation ; lipases ; kinetic resolution ; 1-phenylethanol ; linseed cake ; bioreduction ; Lactobacillus rhamnosus ; alcohol-dehydrogenase ; enantioselectivity ; hydratase ; reaction engineering ; immobilization ; ?-transaminases ; linoleic acid ; cyclization ; monoterpenes ; 1 ; lactones ; protein engineering ; asymmetric synthesis ; alcohol dehydrogenases ; linaloyl oxide ; chiral resolution ; aroma compounds ; 4-diols ; pullulan ; linalool ; reduction ; nitroketone ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The papers reported here will contribute to proposing new insights into the mechanisms of several conditions, as well as suggesting new diagnostic alternatives and therapeutic targets in widespread pathologies such inflammation and inflammatory-based diseases. The discovery of the new is, as always, anchored in recourse to the old.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; toxicity ; long-lasting effect ; iso-?-acids ; ammonium glycyrrhizinate ; metabolomics ; cytokines ; Alnus sibirica ; energy metabolism ; curcumin ; antineuroinflammation ; nitric oxide ; antioxidant ; nutraceutical food ; liver ; nardochinoid B ; endometriosis ; adipose tissue ; Nardostachys chinensis ; tau ; macrophage ; nociception ; heme oxygenase-1 ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; IL-6 ; nuciferine ; docking ; chronic nonbacterial prostatitis ; black tea polyphenol ; network pharmacology ; Tagetes patula L. ; SEM ; lipopolysaccharide ; solid lipid nanoparticle ; tauopathy ; memory ; lupane-type triterpene ; acute lung injury ; inducible nitric oxide synthase ; inflammation ; anti-inflammatory ; microglia ; resveratrol ; theaflavins ; hirsutanonol ; short-term high-fat diet ; inflammatory disease ; juçara ; oregonin ; PPARs ; NF-?B ; neuroprotection ; Portulaca oleracea ; TNF-? ; depression ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This Special Issue will deal with pathophysiological as well as the phenomenological signs of insomnia. For example, Is ‘hyperarousal’ outdated? What is the difference between acute and chronic insomnia? What sleep disorders are linked to traumatic brain injuries? How is social facial recognition impacted by insomnia? What factors are linked to socioeconomic factors and alcohol consumption in the face of insomnia? We aim to set forward new thinking about insomnia research, including unchartered territories needing to be explored. Reviews, meta-analyses, and new experimental research are welcome in this Issue.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Many things have been said and written on the skeletal and non-skeletal effects of vitamin D, but the largest recent interventional studies are generally negative. How should we thus position ourselves in 2020? Should we say “stop” or “not yet”? Indeed, the aging of the population, as well as new challenges and discoveries, is still triggering interest in this old molecule. In this Special Edition of Nutrients, we invited top experts to give their opinion on this important debate. We also encouraged scientists to submit their latest research on nutritional requirements in the general population and in high-risk groups, as well as treatment strategies, epidemiology, analytical updates and new devices for vitamin D measurement and the effect of vitamin D on bone and extra-skeletal health. As readers will see, this Special Issue reinforces the high prevalence of vitamin deficiency and insufficiency in the general population and supports the safety of this low-cost molecule, revealing new perspectives regarding the extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D.
    Keywords: vitamin D ; obesity ; weight–loss ; body composition ; 25(OH)vitamin D ; biomarkers ; dietary survey ; public health ; EU Menu ; Slovenia ; Europe ; ageing ; older persons ; sensible sun exposure ; cutaneous synthesis ; vitamin D3 ; natural sunlight ; serum 25(OH)D ; autoimmune hepatitis ; primary biliary cholangitis ; health-related quality of life ; mental well-being ; breastmilk ; infant ; mother ; plasma ; vitamin D metabolites ; 3-Epi25(OH)D3 ; 25-hvdroxyvitamin ; vitamin D treatment ; idiopathic hypercalciuria ; urolithiasis ; children ; bone density ; head and neck cancer ; racial disparities ; chemoprevention ; UVB ; microRNA ; proteomic profiling ; vitamin D status ; disability ; very old adults ; vulvovaginal atrophy ; VVA ; vaginal maturation index ; VMI ; vaginal health ; ergocalciferol ; vitamin D supplement ; sunlight exposure ; barriers ; indoor workers ; female ; focus group discussion ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Fluid transport in narrow pores is central to the design and optimization of nanoporous materials in industrial applications, such as catalysis, nanofluids, electrochemical batteries, and membrane separation. However, due to the strong potential field in nanopores, conventional models and methods have become inadequate for predicting the transport behavior of molecules confined in the pore space. In addition, the inherent complexity of the pore structure in nanomaterials requires consideration of local or nanoscale transport at the single pore level, and averaging over the macroscale, which further impedes the application and validation of the formulated mechanical models. To solve the problem of fluid transport in narrow nanopores beyond Knudsen limits, experimental characterizations should be combined to molecular simulations in order to probe the fluid movement under realistic conditions. This book provides comprehensive perspectives on the current research in the investigation of fluid transport processes in nanomaterials. The articles from leading scholars in this field are conveniently arranged according to three categories based on the approaches used in the papers: modeling and simulation, nanomaterial manipulation and characterization, and practical application. The 14 contributions not only demonstrate the importance of fluid behavior in different applications but also address the main theories and simulations to model the fluid transport behavior in nanoporous materials. This collection shows that “fluid transport in nanomaterials” remains a versatile and vibrant topic in terms of both theories and applications.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; TA401-492 ; QD450-801 ; TP155-156 ; fluid transport ; pore channel ; molecular dynamics ; membrane separation ; nanoporous material ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Worldwide, liver fibrosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is associated with a high medical and economic burden. It is the common consequence of chronic liver injury due to various etiologies. During fibrogenesis, there is a progressive substitution of the liver parenchyma by scar tissue. Recent advances in the understanding of the history of liver fibrosis have shown that the pathogenesis is driven by different cell types and a large variety of soluble mediators. At present, scientists working in this field aim to increase basic knowledge, improve diagnostics, and try to translate experimental findings into new treatment modalities. This book includes 12 selected contributions from the Special Issue “Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Fibrosis” that was published in Cells. These articles summarize current perspectives and findings in hepatic fibrosis research showing how scientists try to use basic scientific research to create new therapies and diagnostics.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The structure, uniformity, stability, and functions of virus-like particles (VLPs) have encouraged scientists to utilize them as a unique tool in various applications in biomedical fields. Their interaction with the innate immune system is of major importance for the adaptive immune response they induce. The innate immune cells and molecules recognize and interact with VLPs on the basis of two major characteristics: size and surface geometry. VLP-based vaccines against hepatitis B, human papilloma, malaria, and hepatitis E have been developed and are available in many countries around the world. Given the inherent immunogenicity of VLPs, they render themselves ideal for the development of new vaccines against infectious diseases as well as noncommunicable diseases, such as chronic inflammation or cancer. This Special Issue is designed to provide an up-to-date view of the latest progress in the development of VLP-based prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines and technologies for their generation.
    Keywords: virus-like particle ; influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 ; vaccination ; pregnant women ; antibody titers ; norovirus ; VLP ; vaccine ; genotype ; pre-existing immunity ; cross-reactivity ; blocking antibodies ; original antigenic sin (OAS) ; HPVs ; vaccines ; virus-like particles (VLPs) ; minor capsid protein (L2) ; HCMV ; cytomegalovirus ; nanoparticle ; immune response ; Sudan virus ; mice ; horse ; purified IgG ; long-lived plasma cells ; antibodies ; multivalency ; virus-like particles ; antigenic analysis ; epitope characterization ; hepatitis E vaccine ; serological evaluation ; virion-like epitopes ; well-characterized vaccines ; hepatitis B virus ; surface (envelope) antigen ; sub-viral particle ; capsid ; antigen display ; platform ; viral quantification ; NTA ; flow virometry ; SRFM ; cryo-TEM ; SEM ; plant virus ; virus-like ; vaccine platform ; epitope ; antigen ; cat allergy ; Fel d 1 ; HypoCat™ ; IL-13 ; interleukin-13 ; Tfh cells ; cancer ; immunotherapy ; H7N9 ; pandemic influenza A ; avian flu ; IAV ; VLP vaccine ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
    Language: English
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    Département des études, de la prospective et des statistiques
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Comment le goût de la culture vient-il aux enfants et comment celui-ci évolue-t-il au cours de cette période qui les fait passer de l’enfance à la grande adolescence ? Comment le fait de regarder la télévision, écouter la radio et de la musique, lire des livres et des magazines, jouer à des jeux vidéo, utiliser l’ordinateur et naviguer sur l’internet s’inscrit-il dans le quotidien des jeunes générations et dans quelle mesure contribue-t-il à leur construction identitaire ? Issue d’une enquête longitudinale de grande ampleur qui a suivi les mêmes enfants (près de 4 000) depuis l’âge de 11 ans (en 2002) jusqu’à 17 ans (en 2008), l’étude décrit la fréquence et la diversité des pratiques, usages et consommations des adolescents et l’influence des instances de transmission (parents, famille, école, institutions culturelles, etc.). Cette observation inédite des comportements culturels contribue à la connaissance de la sociologie des jeunes publics, et des trajectoires des enfants au fil des années, entre prises et déprises pour la culture.
    Keywords: H1-99 ; generation ; childhood ; adolescence ; cultural participation ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: French
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: As a result of our call in 2014 for submissions to a Special Issue, Advances in Marine Chitin and Chitosan in Marine Drugs, we are now pleased to tell you that this issue has been published. Twenty high class papers were included in this issue, which we now plan to publish as a book. In addition we now seek to publish a further Special Issue, Advances in Marine Chitin and Chitosan II, 2017, in Marine Drugs. As before, we plan to produce a strong, very exciting issue that will encompass breakthroughs in high value, scientific and industrial chitin and chitosan research. Despite significant advances in chitin and chitosan research since the 1970s, current overviews in recent publications involving chitin and chitosan research advances need reporting.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; controlled drug delivery ; chitosan ; N-acetyl-D-glucosamine ; nanomaterial ; tissue engineering ; chito-oligosaccharide ; glucosamine ; hydrogels ; chemical modification ; chitin ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The use of nanotechnologies in the food-packaging area has opened up a number of possibilities derived from the inherent characteristics of nanoadditives, which can either improve relevant properties of neat polymers (such as barrier or mechanical properties) or introduce new functionalities (for active and bioactive packaging applications or even for sensing). This is an exciting and rapidly growing field of study, and very interesting developments are unfolding. Although the aim of these novel materials is to improve packaged food quality and safety, the toxicological effects derived from their potential migration from the polymer structures is also under consideration. This Special Issue compiles a review and five original papers describing novel nanocomposites with improved packaging properties, the use of nanotechnologies for smart packaging applications, and nanoparticle migration studies from novel nanocomposites.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; nanofillers ; nanocellulose ; barrier biocomposites ; Nanocomposites ; antimicrobial packaging ; bioactive packaging ; migration ; active surfaces ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The eminent Harvard educationalist Howard Garner writes a preface to the Place Model within his Good Project Blog which provides a preface to this timely book. Professional is a slippery term, open to willful abuse, misuse and misunderstanding – as evidenced by the ways in which this chameleon term can be used as both a compliment and an insult. In this book academics from a range of professional fields deconstruct ‘professional’ and reimagine professionals in an age of rapid change where professionals are both increasingly in demand and frequently under threat. Several deploy the lens of Clarke’s Place Model to examine professions including teaching, midwifery, social work, journalism, and optometry. Some papers are empirical and some are based around using the Place Model as a thought experiment. All turn a critical eye on professionals and all find them to be, like all humans, neither devils nor divines (Maya Angelou), but at their best a combination of two indispensable characteristics, trustworthiness and expertise.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book provides a collection of comprehensive research articles on data analytics and applications of wearable devices in healthcare. This Special Issue presents 28 research studies from 137 authors representing 37 institutions from 19 countries. To facilitate the understanding of the research articles, we have organized the book to show various aspects covered in this field, such as eHealth, technology-integrated research, prediction models, rehabilitation studies, prototype systems, community health studies, ergonomics design systems, technology acceptance model evaluation studies, telemonitoring systems, warning systems, application of sensors in sports studies, clinical systems, feasibility studies, geographical location based systems, tracking systems, observational studies, risk assessment studies, human activity recognition systems, impact measurement systems, and a systematic review. We would like to take this opportunity to invite high quality research articles for our next Special Issue entitled “Digital Health and Smart Sensors for Better Management of Cancer and Chronic Diseases” as a part of Sensors journal.
    Keywords: eHealth ; wearable ; monitoring ; services ; integration ; IoT ; Telemedicine ; wearable sensors ; multivariate analysis ; longitudinal study ; functional decline ; exercise intervention ; accidental falls ; fall detection ; real-world ; signal analysis ; performance measures ; non-wearable sensors ; accelerometers ; cameras ; machine learning ; smart textiles ; healthcare ; talking detection ; activity recognition and monitoring ; patient health and state monitoring ; wearable sensing ; orientation-invariant sensing ; motion sensors ; accelerometer ; gyroscope ; magnetometer ; pattern classification ; artificial intelligence ; supervised machine learning ; predictive analytics ; hemodialysis ; non-contact sensor ; heart rate ; respiration rate ; heart rate variability ; time-domain features ; frequency-domain features ; principal component analysis ; behaviour analysis ; classifier efficiency ; personal risk detection ; one-class classification ; actigraphy ; encoding ; data compression ; denoising ; edge computing ; signal processing ; wearables ; activity monitoring ; citizen science ; cluster analysis ; physical activity ; sedentary behavior ; walking ; energy expenditure ; wearable device ; impedance pneumography ; neural network ; mechanocardiogram (MCG) ; smart clothes ; heart failure (HF) ; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ; technology acceptance model (TAM) ; physical activity classification ; free-living ; GENEactiv accelerometer ; Gaussian mixture model ; hidden Markov model ; wavelets ; skill assessment ; deep learning ; LSTM ; state space model ; probabilistic inference ; latent features ; human activity recognition ; MIMU ; genetic algorithm ; feature selection ; classifier optimization ; bispectrum ; entropy ; feature extraction ; heat stroke ; filtering algorithm ; physiological parameters ; exercise experiment ; biomedical signal processing ; wearable biomedical sensors ; wireless sensor network ; respiratory monitoring ; optoelectronic plethysmography ; biofeedback ; biomedical technology ; exercise therapy ; orthopedics ; mobile health ; qualitative ; human factors ; inertial measurement unit ; disease prevention ; occupational healthcare ; P-Ergonomics ; precision ergonomics ; musculoskeletal disorders ; wellbeing at work ; electrocardiogram ; conductive gels ; noncontact electrode ; myocardial ischemia ; pacemaker ; ventricular premature contraction ; upper extremity ; motion ; action research arm test ; activities of daily living ; IoT wearable monitor ; health ; posture analysis ; spinal posture ; wearable sensor ; embedded system ; recurrent neural networks ; physical workload ; wearable systems for healthcare ; machine learning for real-time applications ; actigraph ; body worn sensors ; clothing sensors ; cross correlation analysis ; healthcare movement sensing ; wearable devices ; calibration ; inertial measurement units ; human movement ; physical activity type ; real-life ; GPS ; GIS ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Molecular Modeling in Drug Design that was published in Molecules
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; metadynamics ; natural compounds ; virtual screening ; probe energies ; molecular dynamics simulation ; human ecto-5?-nucleotidase ; neural networks ; quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) ; artificial intelligence ; allosterism ; in silico screening ; drug discovery ; amyloid fibrils ; mechanical stability ; adenosine receptors ; adenosine receptor ; ligand binding ; promiscuous mechanism ; AutoGrid ; dynamic light scattering ; resultant dipole moment ; density-based clustering ; Alzheimer’s disease ; drug design ; biophenols ; enzymatic assays ; all-atom molecular dynamics simulation ; fragment screening ; adenosine ; docking ; molecular docking ; cosolvent molecular dynamics ; turbidimetry ; squalene synthase (SQS) ; molecular recognition ; protein-peptide interactions ; extracellular loops ; FimH ; binding affinity ; rational drug design ; de novo design ; hyperlipidemia ; AR ligands ; aggregation ; property prediction ; PPI inhibition ; deep learning ; proteins ; quantitative structure-property prediction (QSPR) ; protein protein interactions ; boron cluster ; target-focused pharmacophore modeling ; ligand–protofiber interactions ; structure-based drug design ; scoring function ; grid maps ; solvent effect ; adhesion ; molecular dynamics ; Traditional Chinese Medicine ; steered molecular dynamics ; interaction energy ; EphA2-ephrin A1 ; molecular modeling ; method development ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Childhood is a crucial period for establishing lifelong healthy nutritional habits. The environment has an important influence on children’s dietary intake. This book focuses on the influence of environmental factors on the dietary intake of children and adolescents (0–18 years of age) within various settings including home, early care and education, school, college, holiday clubs, neighborhoods, and supermarkets. The reported studies examine a variety of factors within these settings, including the influence of cooking and parenting, teacher style, resources and barriers within various settings, marketing, and many other factors. The dietary intake behaviors examined include snacking, fruit and vegetable intake, beverage intake, and also nutrition in general. In addition, several papers focus on problems caused by inadequate nutrition, such as hunger and obesity. This work underlines the importance of the environment in influencing children’s and adolescents’ dietary intake. In addition, the papers identified some crucial barriers and facilitators for the implementation of environmental changes to enable a healthy diet for young children. Therefore, it provides some important directions for both future research and practice.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: L’analyse de l’activité économique des diffuseurs d’art actuel s’appuie sur les déclarations de rémunération et de ventes d’œuvres d’art d’artistes français effectuées par les diffuseurs auprès de la Maison des artistes, organisme gestionnaire des contributions au régime de sécurité sociale des artistes. L’examen du chiffre d’affaires, corrélé à la forme juridique du diffuseur, à l’ancienneté de la structure, à sa localisation géographique et aux liens entretenus avec les artistes qu’elle diffuse, permet de caractériser l’activité de diffusion et de dresser des profils distincts. L’analyse révèle également la concentration de l’activité de diffusion au sein des galeries d’art parisiennes, plus importantes en nombre et en taille économique, et la caractérise.
    Keywords: H1-99 ; HF5001-6182 ; économie de la culture et de la communication ; marché de l'art ; Maison des artistes ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: French
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The development of civilization entails a growing demand for consumer goods. A side effect of the production and use of these materials is the production of solid waste and wastewater. Municipal and industrial wastewater usually contains a large amount of various organic compounds and is the main source of pollution of the aquatic environment. Therefore, the search for effective methods of wastewater and other polluted water treatment is an important element of caring for the natural environment. This book presents research on the determination and removal of environmentally hazardous organic compounds from aqueous samples. The articles included in this book describe the results of examinations, at the laboratory scale, of the efficiency of chemical as well as physical processes for the removal or degradation of selected model pollutants. Environmental studies, especially those concerning the determination of trace impurities, require effective isolation and concentration procedures. The methods used for this purpose should meet the requirements of green chemistry. The liquid phase microextraction procedures and use of electrochemical methods described in this book seem to be proper for environmental studies, as they are effective and environmentally friendly.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; photodegradation ; emerging organic contaminants ; salicylic acid ; biosorption ; doxazosin maleate ; boron-doped diamond electrode ; sulfasalazine ; continuous liquid–liquid extraction ; water environment ; electrochemical degradation ; chlorinated intermediates ; isotherm adsorption models ; water ; pollutants ; sediment ; ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction ; emerging contaminants ; electrochemical oxidation ; selective sorbent ; water remediation ; HPLC-UV ; sulfate radical ; boron doped diamond ; nickel aluminate ; advanced oxidation processes ; chemical oxygen demand ; hormones ; liquid-liquid continuous extraction ; organic pollutant ; run-off water ; DFT study ; biocides ; DLLME-SFO ; precious metals ; budesonide ; solidification of floating organic droplet ; flame retardants ; wastewater purification ; graphene quantum dots ; PBDE ; disinfection by-products ; 1-undecanol ; photocatalysis ; total petroleum hydrocarbon ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; EOCs determination ; environmental samples ; groundwater ; fractional distillation ; spinel ; hydroxyl radical ; removal of organic compounds ; Guarani aquifer ; density functional theory ; persistent organic pollutants ; hydroxyl radicals ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Anthocyanins are natural plant pigments, responsible for many of the orange/red/purple/blue colors of many flowers, fruits, and vegetables. These colorants play important roles in plants, such as conferring UV protection and antimicrobial properties, and they are also implicated to have many potential human health-promoting properties. Research works and epidemiological studies have indicated these plant pigments to be beneficial in the reduction of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. For these reasons, there is increasing interest in their incorporation in foods, drugs, cosmetics, and dietary supplements as naturally derived colorants and health-promoting compounds. There is a large natural diversity in the chemical composition of anthocyanin pigments. More than 700 unique anthocyanin structures have been identified, and each has unique colorimetric, reactivity, and health-promoting properties. With such a great number of unique anthocyanins and increasing interest in their use, there is a considerable need to better understand the factors affecting their production and accumulation in plants, the factors affecting their stability and colorimetric properties, and their metabolism and mechanisms for disease alleviation. This Special Issue includes several new research works dedicated to these topics and a review of the current knowledge of anthocyanin chemistry affecting their application in food and nutrition.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; QD415-436 ; TX341-641 ; and cosmetics ; Natural colorants ; Botanical aspects ; Anthocyanin chemistry and application ; drugs ; Anthocyanin absorption and metabolism ; Anthocyanins ; Color quality of foods ; Anthocyanin Bioactivity and functionality ; Chronic diseases reduction ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Looking Forward to the Future of Heparin: New Sources, Developments and Applications that was published in Molecules
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; alginate ; n/a ; edema ; Heparin Red ; solid lipid nanoparticles ; Fe3O4·DA-BSA/HA ; dermatan sulfate ; sulfated alginate ; porcine heparin ; theranostics ; low-molecular-weight heparin ; Arixtra® ; biomaterials ; hepcidin ; ovarian cancer ; iron oxide nanoparticles ; heparin-induced thrombocytopenia ; bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ; hyaluronic acid (HA) ; crude heparin ; platelets ; resistance ; sclerostin ; LMWH ; gremlin ; low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) ; low molecular weight glycosaminoglycans ; human plasma ; single crystal X-ray structure ; iron homeostasis ; noggin ; super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) ; manufacturing methods ; paclitaxel (PTX) ; brain injury ; bovine heparin ; inflammation ; qNMR ; antithrombin ; reference standard ; quantitative NMR ; enoxaparin ; danaparoid sodium ; NMR ; GDNF ; orthogonal multi-analytical methods ; ternary complex ; heparan sulphate ; serglycin ; bovine serum albumin (BSA) ; HSQC ; recombinant expression ; heparin ; heparin oligosaccharides ; functional assay ; BMP antagonists ; intestinal lymphatic absorption ; size exclusion chromatography ; heparin coating ; diagnosis ; bioreactor ; anemia ; proteoglycan ; heparin process ; PCA ; chemometric ; fluorescent probe ; pharmacopeia ; affinity chromatography ; component quantitative analysis ; Fondaparinux sodium ; perylene diimide dyes ; thrombin inhibition ; extended physicochemical characterization ; cisplatin ; glycosaminoglycans ; TGF-? ; chondroitin sulfate ; dalteparin ; sequence and compositional investigations ; molecular weight ; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ; industrial ; LC-MS ; iduronic acid conformation ; heparan sulfate ; growth and differentiation factor (GDF) ; assay ; subarachnoid hemorrhage ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Nowadays, transition metal-oxides can be considered the most investigated materials especially in their nanostructured forms thanks to their intrinsic smart properties and to the positive effects induced by scaling their dimension down to the nanoscale. Among them, ZnO and TiO2 have attracted particular interest mainly because of their multi-functionality applicable in an enormous range of research fields. The present Special Issue – composed by twenty-seven papers, both reviews and research articles - covers the most recent advances in ZnO and TiO2 nanostructures, concerning not only their synthesis and characterization, but also reports of the manner(s) in which their functional and smart properties can be applied in working devices. Applications of such nanostructures can range widely, from biomedical and drug delivery devices to piezoelectric and chemical sensors, and energy harvesting, conversion, and storage devices.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; TP1-1185 ; ZnO ; smart materials ; nanostructures ; TiO2 ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Metal–organic frameworks are among the most promising novel materials. The concept of MOFs was first introduced in 1990. They were actually initially used in catalysis, gas separation, membranes, electrochemical sensors. Later on, they were introduced as SPE sorbents for PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in environmental water samples, then the range expanded to the field of analytical chemistry, both in chromatographic separation and sample preparation, with great success in, e.g., SPE and SPME (Solid Phase Mico-extraction). Since then, the number of analytical applications implementing MOFs as sorbents in sorptive sample preparation approaches is increasing. ?his is reinforced by the fact that, at least theoretically, an infinite number of structures can be designed and synthesized, thus making tuneability one of the most unique characteristics of MOF materials. Moreover, they have been designed in various shapes, such as columns, fibers, and films, so that they can meet more analytical challenges with improved analytical features.Their exceptional properties attracted the interest of analytical chemists who have taken advantage of the unique structures and properties and have already introduced them in several sample pretreatment techniques, such as solid phase extraction, dispersive SPE, magnetic solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, etc.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; QD146-197 ; Q1-390 ; metal organic framework (MOF) ; n/a ; thiophenic compounds ; temperature sensors ; Pb(II) ; doping ; metals ; dispersive miniaturized solid-phase extraction ; 6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4 ; microextraction ; drug delivery ; chitosan beads ; 6-DMDBT) ; adsorptive desulfurization of fuels ; metal-organic framework ; mixed-ligand ; antimicrobial agents ; pillared ; food samples ; large-pore ; paddle-wheel ; adsorption ; non-catenated ; structural heterogeneity ; MOFs ; extraction ; metal ions ; sample preparation ; metal-organic frameworks ; interactions MOF–analyte ; luminescence ; 4 ; spectrometry ; color tuning ; antibiotics ; magnetic resonance imaging ; UiO-66 ; lanthanides ; metal organic framework ; dibenzothiophene (DBT) ; GC ; metal–organic frameworks ; mixed functionalization ; HPLC ; environmental samples ; MOF ; porosity ; polymer nanocomposites ; metal organic framework composites ; biological samples ; hydrogen-bonding ; oxidized graphitic carbon nitride nanoparticles ; fish ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem with extremely complex epidemiology involving the direct and indirect transmission of antibiotic resistant pathogens and mobile genetic elements between humans, animals, and the environment. AMR is, therefore, recognized as a ‘One Health’ issue. Data that describe AMR prevalence and trends are required to enable the judicious and prudent use of antimicrobials in animals, which has implications both from veterinary and animal welfare aspects as well as from a zoonotic and public health perspective. Horses are a potential reservoir of AMR for humans due to close human–animal contact, as was demonstrated with shared human and horse methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains causing outbreaks in equine hospitals. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, considered as clinically and economically important to the AMR burden in human and veterinary medicine, has been reported in both community and clinic equine populations. Strains of Enterobacteriaceae pose a major worldwide threat due to the geographical expansion of ESBL-producing clones as well as the horizontal interspecies dissemination of ESBL-encoding plasmids and genes. In human medicine, ESBL-E infection is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay, delay of targeted appropriate treatment, and higher costs. These issues also need to be addressed in horses. This Special Issue on AMR in horses encompasses several papers that describe the prevalence, risk factors, and molecular data on MDR bacteria in healthy horses in Canada, Japan, Spain, and Israel, in addition to papers that describe the clinical impact of MDR bacteria in diseased horses in Austria, USA, France and Israel.
    Keywords: equine ; foal ; ESBL-E ; antibiotic resistance ; shedding ; umbilical infection ; risk factors ; healthy horses ; staphylococci ; MSSA ; ST1640 ; lukPQ ; ESBL ; Escherichia coli ; Enterobacteriaceae ; antimicrobial resistance ; CTX-M-1 ; SHV ; farm ; ESBL-E acquisition ; AmpC ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; antibiotic-resistance ; β-lactamases ; horses ; extended-spectrum β-lactamase ; AmpC β-lactamase ; horse ; multidrug resistance ; beta-lactamase ; cephalosporinase ; microbiota ; North America ; horse pathogens ; epidemiology ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
    Language: English
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    Département des études, de la prospective et des statistiques
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Destinés à favoriser l’accès à la culture, les cartes et chèques culture permettent à un public souvent spécifique (lycéens, jeunes…) de bénéficier d’une réduction partielle ou d’une exonération totale du prix d’accès à des biens ou services culturels (spectacles, musées, livre, disque, cinéma…). Si les collectivités territoriales se sont rapidement approprié ces dispositifs depuis le milieu des années 1990, avec des modalités de mise en œuvre très diverses (montant de l’offre, public bénéficiaire, accompagnement culturel ou non des publics), il reste à apprécier leur efficience auprès des publics visés.
    Keywords: H1-99 ; JA1-92 ; economics of culture and Communication ; local authorities ; cultural institution ; cultural expenditure ; Chèque Lire (cultural check) ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: French
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; QD450-801 ; information theoretic analysis ; multiplexing system ; HSI for biology ; point target detection ; digital elevation model ; neural networks ; oxygen saturation ; black polymers ; PZT ; blood detection ; multivariate analysis ; integral imaging ; hemispherical conical reflectance factor (HCRF) ; sprouting ; fluorescence ; multitemporal hyperspectral images ; plant phenotyping ; hyperspectral data mining and compression ; Raman ; medical imaging by HSI ; compressive detection ; stereo imaging ; image processing ; wound healing ; quality control ; lossless compression ; infrared hyperspectral imaging ; spectral tracking ; time series ; remote sensing ; diabetic foot ulcer ; classification ; Raman spectroscopy ; imaging ; fingerprints ; fusion ; wavelength selection ; Cramer–Rao lower bound ; three-dimensional imaging ; chemical imaging ; CS-MUSI ; total variation ; coastal dynamics ; forward observation model ; hyperspectral imaging ; fluorescence hyperspectral imaging ; age determination ; potatoes ; painting samples ; predictive coding ; hyperspectral ; video ; bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) ; optimal binary filters ; watercolours ; deep learning ; spectroscopy ; moving vehicle imaging ; sorting ; maximum likelihood ; multivariate data analysis ; interval partial least squares ; disease detection ; Raman hyperspectral imaging ; primordial leaf count ; machine learning ; spatial light modulators (SLM) ; Virginia Coast Reserve Long Term Ecological Research (VCR LTER) ; digital micromirror device (DMD) ; hyperspectral microscopy ; alternating direction method of multipliers ; statistical methods for HSI ; multiband image fusion ; digital light processor (DLP) ; linear mixture model ; retouching pigments ; liquid crystal ; principal component analysis ; Chemometrics ; compressive sensing ; PLSR ; Hyperspectral imaging ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The term “first-principles calculations” is a synonym for the numerical determination of the electronic structure of atoms, molecules, clusters, or materials from ‘first principles’, i.e., without any approximations to the underlying quantum-mechanical equations. Although numerous approximate approaches have been developed for small molecular systems since the late 1920s, it was not until the advent of the density functional theory (DFT) in the 1960s that accurate “first-principles” calculations could be conducted for crystalline materials. The rapid development of this method over the past two decades allowed it to evolve from an explanatory to a truly predictive tool. Yet, challenges remain: complex chemical compositions, variable external conditions (such as pressure), defects, or properties that rely on collective excitations—all represent computational and/or methodological bottlenecks. This Special Issue comprises a collection of papers that use DFT to tackle some of these challenges and thus highlight what can (and cannot yet) be achieved using first-principles calculations of crystals.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; QD450-801 ; ab initio ; n/a ; magnetic Lennard–Jones ; superconductivity ; global optimisation ; electrical engineering ; first-principles ; semiconductors ; refractory metals ; genetic algorithm ; DFT ; crystal structure prediction ; electronic structure ; indium arsenide ; van der Waals corrections ; charged defects ; Ir-based intermetallics ; point defects ; electronic properties ; learning algorithms ; half-Heusler alloy ; molecular crystals ; chlorine ; optical properties ; ab initio calculations ; magnetic properties ; structure prediction ; thermoelectricity ; high-pressure ; density functional theory ; magnetic materials ; structural fingerprint ; crystal structure ; semihard materials ; silver ; formation energy ; Heusler alloy ; battery materials ; elastic properties ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In this Special Issue of Metals, an open access forum is provided for publishing original papers that the covers direct and effective correlations between a wide range of thermomechanical processing routes and generated microstructure, hence, the final physical and mechanical properties of the materials. The following aspects of the science and engineering of various metals and alloys are covered in this book: • Original research studies that relate to the understanding of the properties obtained following specific processing/heat treatment route (Experimental, theoretical, and simulation modeling). • Understanding the mechanisms involved in microstructure evolution and phase transformation during processing of materials, specifically as they relate to the understanding of final mechanical properties. • Nano/micro/macro structure characterization and chemistry of metals/alloys used in automotive, power generation, nuclear, aerospace, and medical applications. • Micro/macro texture devolvement during thermo-mechanical processing of metals/alloys.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Deformation ; Metals ; Alloys ; Twinning ; Microtexture ; Texture ; EBSD ; Dislocation ; Slip System ; Fracture Mechanics ; Grain Boundary ; Microstructure ; Mechanical Property ; Material Characterisation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This Special Issue presents studies on the genotoxicity of nanomaterials. Although nanomaterials provide multiple benefits in a wide range of applications, challenges remain in addressing strong concerns about their risks to the environment and human health. As a result of inconsistencies among published results and diverging conclusions, the understanding of nanomaterial exposure and toxicity remains unclear. Determining whether these materials cause DNA damage—the first step in carcinogenesis—must be a priority in testing. In this book, readers will find recent publications on the genotoxic response to a broad range of nanomaterials, the impact of physico-chemical characteristics, safe-by-design and new developed tools.
    Keywords: graphene oxide ; reduced graphene oxide ; micronucleus ; oxidative stress ; safer-by-design ; tungsten ; nanoparticles ; tritiated particles ; in vitro testing ; cytotoxicity ; micronuclei formation ; DNA damage ; epigenetics ; DNA methylation ; BEAS-2B cells. ; polystyrene nanoparticles ; nanoplastics ; genotoxicity ; Hs27 human fibroblasts ; comet assay ; FPG enzyme ; TiO2NP ; SiO2NP ; ZnONP ; CeO2NP ; AgNP ; multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) ; titanium dioxide nanoparticles ; lincomycin ; human amniotic cells ; in vitro genotoxicity ; apoptosis ; nanotoxicology ; metal oxides ; high throughput screening ; micronucleus assay ; nanomaterial ; aluminum ; oral route ; gut ; liver ; V79 cells ; Hprt ; advanced in vitro model ; hepatotoxicity ; liver spheroids ; 3D culture ; HepG2 ; nongenotoxic silver nanoparticles ; genotoxic ; cytotoxic ; antioxidant activity ; silver ions ; Allium cepa ; metal/coating agent ratio ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Molecular magnets show many properties not met in conventional metallic magnetic materials, i.e. low density, transparency to electromagnetic radiation, sensitivity to external stimuli such as light, pressure, temperature, chemical modification or magnetic/electric fields, and others. They can serve as “functional” materials in sensors of different types or be applied in high-density magnetic storage or nanoscale devices. Research into molecule-based materials became more intense at the end of the 20th century and is now an important branch of modern science. The articles in this Special Issue, written by physicists and chemists, reflect the current work on molecular magnets being carried out in several research centers. Theoretical papers in the issue concern the influence of spin anisotropy in the low dimensional lattice of the resulting type of magnet, as well as thermodynamics and magnetic excitations in spin trimers. The impact of external pressure on structural and magnetic properties and its underlying mechanisms is described using the example of Prussian blue analogue data. The other functionality discussed is the magnetocaloric effect, investigated in coordination polymers and high spin clusters. In this issue, new molecular magnets are presented: (i) ferromagnetic high-spin [Mn6] single-molecule magnets, (ii) solvatomagnetic compounds changing their structure and magnetism dependent on water content, and (iii) a family of purely organic magnetic materials. Finally, an advanced calorimetric study of anisotropy in magnetic molecular superconductors is reviewed.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; QD450-801 ; molecular magnetism ; phase diagram ; superconductivity ; molecular magnets ; magnetism ; thermodynamics ; ?-d system ; cyclam ; critical behaviour ; redox ; exact diagonalization ; salicylamidoxime ; thermodynamic measurement ; magnetic conductor ; quantum magnet ; radical anion ; single crystal heat capacity measurement ; effect of high pressure ; square lattice ; single-molecule magnets ; cyano bridge ; Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition ; coordination polymers ; Prussian blue analogues ; chain ; antiferromagnetism ; dioxothiadiazole ; inelastic neutron scattering ; spin anisotropy ; rectangular lattice ; superexchange interaction ; Heisenberg exchange Hamiltonian ; Heisenberg ; S = 1/2 XXZ model ; antiferromagnetic coupling ; manganese(III) ; spin clusters ; magnetic properties ; magnetocaloric effect ; crystal structure ; copper(II) ; octacyanotungstate(V) ; octacyanometallates ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: There is no doubt that the hydrogen bond is one of the most-often analyzed interactions, and there is also no doubt that experimental studies, especially those based on the determination of crystal structures are very important since they deliver valuable information on the nature of this interaction, on different types of the hydrogen bonds, and also on reactions where a hydrogen bond may be treated as the preliminary step. Since the role of the analysis of crystal structures for investigations concerning hydrogen-bonded systems is valuable, the Editorial Board of Crystals, thus, decided to devote a Special Issue of the journal to the analysis of hydrogen bonds in crystals.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Crystal engineering ; Hydrogen bond motifs in crystal structures ; Hydrogen bond ; Crystal structure ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book includes chapters from a range of countries which critically reflect on recent developments in child protection policy and practice. It is a follow-up to ‘Contemporary Developments in Child Protection’ Volumes 1, 2 and 3, which were published by MDPI in 2015. It begins from the premise that the concerns of child protection have broadened considerably in recent years, and that the policies and practices are complex. It also begins from the recognition that child protection policies and practices are themselves shaped by a wide range of social, cultural and political factors, which vary both over time and in different contexts and jurisdictions.
    Keywords: child protection ; predictive analytics ; rights ; social justice ; algorithms ; decision making ; social support ; foster care ; child welfare ; family needs ; content analysis ; care ; contextual safeguarding ; control ; extra-familial harm ; surveillance ; child abuse ; child protection and welfare ; public protection ; family support ; bio-ecological ; networks and networking ; social work ; complexity theory ; disability ; vulnerability ; safeguarding ; child rights ; family inclusion ; co-constructing social work ; practice frameworks ; young people and children ; institutionalization of children deprived of parental care ; de-institutionalization of child care and child protection ; root cause approach ; Kenya ; sport ; child ; athlete ; protection ; Canadian ; safe sport ; group intervention ; child sexual abuse ; child physical abuse ; reports ; child welfare systems ; mandatory reporting laws ; comparative analysis ; cross-jurisdictional analysis ; analysis over time ; agency data ; systems burden ; risk to children ; sustainable development goals ; convention on the rights of the child ; African charter on the rights and welfare of the child ; non-government organisations ; n/a ; child protection system ; participation ; integrity ; autonomy ; historical analysis ; legal analysis ; participant observation ; human rights ; children’s rights ; Switzerland ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
    Language: English
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Old age is increasingly becoming the focus of research and development in Europe. Concerning orthopaedics and sports medicine, the elderly especially are considered as frail patients who need support to maintain the health of their musculoskeletal systems. For this reason, several interventions regarding physical activity have been investigated in recent years in order to understand whether some programs of physical activity are better than others as conservative treatments for degenerative musculoskeletal pathologies (i.e., osteoarthritis, rotator cuff arthropathy, and lower back pain). Furthermore, several investigations have been carried out to understand the best preoperative and postoperative protocols of physical activity to improve the results of orthopaedic surgery. The aim of this Special Issue was to collect the updated evidence concerning these topics in the form of a collection of systematic reviews of the literature.
    Keywords: aging ; cerebral cortex ; dynapenia ; elderly ; motor unit ; muscle strength ; neural ; neuroplasticity ; sarcopenia ; knee ; hip ; arthroplasty ; physical activity ; prehabilitation ; chronic low back pain ; old aged patients ; physical therapy ; walking ; global postural rehabilitation ; cycling ; hydrotherapy ; yoga ; biomarkers ; noncommunicable diseases ; hypertension ; diabetes ; active exercise ; sport ; land-based ; aquatic ; knee or hip osteoarthritis ; older people ; systematic review ; meta-analysis ; osteoarthritis ; tendinopathies ; hip arthroplasty ; knee arthroplasty ; rehabilitation ; physiotherapy ; caregiver ; orthopedic disease ; caregiver strain ; shoulder ; caregiver stress ; dyads ; replacement ; return to sport ; knee osteoarthritis ; unicompartimental knee arthroplasty ; activity ; physical exercise ; balance ; falls ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The book deals with mycotoxins, their presence in various types of food, and how to prevent their presence in food . In addition to well-known molecules, such as aflatoxins or fumonisins, some contributors have dealt with emerging mycotoxins (e.g., alternaria toxins, botryodiplodin). Readers of the book can also find a new approach to reducing aflatoxins and fumonisins in food. In conclusion, the book presents both new mycotoxins and new information on old mycotoxins.
    Keywords: Atlantic salmon ; zebrafish ; liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry ; mycotoxins ; phytoestrogens ; plant-based feed ; rice ; sterigmatocystin ; STC ; deoxynivalenol ; DON ; growing season ; azoxystrobin ; fungicide ; Fumonisins ; Fusarium spp. ; food contamination ; health issues ; secondary metabolites ; Aflatoxins ; binding ; food safety ; biocontrol ; food discipline ; ergot alkaloids ; ergochromes ; secalonic acid ; cereals ; tetrahydroxanthones ; Claviceps ; aflatoxin ; mycotoxin ; black soldier fly ; BSFL ; Hermetia illucens ; S9 fraction ; cytochrome P450 ; metabolic conversion ; enzyme induction ; Alternaria mycotoxins ; combinatory effects ; combined toxicity ; co-occurrence ; bioactive compounds ; fungi ; phaseolinone ; LC/MS ; soybean ; charcoal rot disease ; root infection mechanism ; Fusarium species ; toxigenic profile ; mycotoxin migration ; sweet pepper ; fungal disease ; fumonisin ; human exposure ; maize products ; botryodiplodin ; root toxicity ; Macrophomina phaseolina ; hydroponic culture ; AMF1 ; infant formulae ; estimated daily intake ; carcinogenic risk index ; Monterrey (Mexico) ; T-2 toxin ; HT-2 toxin ; deoxynivalenol (DON) ; enniatin B (EnnB) ; size sorting ; unprocessed cereals ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Natural products have been a source of inspiration for chemists and chemical biologists for many years, and have a special relevance in the chemical space. In recent years, several novel synthetic strategies have appeared, such as diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS), biological-oriented synthesis (BiOS), and function-oriented synthesis (FOS), for accessing complex and functionally diverse molecules. In this manner, the synthesis of natural products has evolved towards simpler and ecological methods using biotransformation, combinatorial chemistry, or organocatalysts. In this issue, Prof. Chojnacka shows demonstrates the use of immobilized lipases as catalysts to aid in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine enriched with myristic acid. Profs. Vila and Pedro used catalysts derived from (S)-mandelic acid to achieve the catalytic enantioselective addition of dimethylzinc to isatins. Prof. Diez shows the possibility of the obtention of 7,8-carvone epoxides in a diastereoselective manner using proline, quinidine, and diphenylprolinol as organocatalysts. A cheap, simple, clean, and scalable method involves the use of deep eutectic mixtures as reaction media, and Profs. Alonso and Guillena describe the use of this methodology for the enantioselective, organocatalyzed ?-amination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Biotransformations have been one of the methodologies for more efficient synthesis of natural products. Prof. Wu transforms ergostane triterpenoid antcin K using Psychrobacillus sp. Ak 187. Finally, Prof. Kovayashi reviews the total synthesis and biological evaluation of phaeosphaerides. The reader, through this issue, could gain an idea of the new directions that the synthesis of natural products using catalysts will have in the years to come.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; QD241-441 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; structured phosphatidylcholine ; carvone ; immobilized lipases ; trimyristin ; 3-hydroxyoxindole ; green chemistry ; structural revision ; anticancer ; triterpenoid ; organocatalysis ; natural products ; epoxidation ; ?-amination ; benzimidazole ; total synthesis ; zinc ; Antrodia cinnamomea ; aminocatalysis ; epoxide ; asymmetric organocatalysis ; mandelamides ; STAT3 ; asymmetric catalysis ; Psychrobacillus ; isatin ; chiral ?-hydroxyamide ; interesterification ; proline ; phaeosphaeride B ; biotransformation ; phaeosphaeride A ; myristic acid ; egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine ; acidolysis ; antcin K ; deep eutectic solvents ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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  • 96
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book gathers 14 original contributions published in an IJERPH Special Issue that deal with the perception of environmental sounds and how such sounds are likely to affect human quality of life and well-being and the experience of a place. The research focus over the years has been gradually shifting from treating sound simply as “noise” and something that cities should get rid of to a potential “resource” to promote and support community life in public spaces. Three main topics or “needs” to be addressed by researchers and practitioners emerged from this Special Issue: (1) the need to re-think “quietness” in cities as something that goes beyond the mere “pursuit of silence”, (2) the need to integrate additional contextual factors in the characterization and management of urban acoustic environments for public health, and (3) the need to consider the acoustic quality of indoor spaces as opposed to an outdoor-only perspective. The contributions collected in this book will hopefully trigger new questions and inform the agenda of future researchers and practitioners in the environmental acoustics domain.
    Keywords: green space ; greenness ; noise exposure ; noise perception ; soundscape ; environmental sounds ; quietness ; vibrancy ; acoustic environments ; urban sound planning ; environmental noise ; public health ; well-being ; quality of life ; restoration ; quiet areas ; noise abatement ; soundscape design ; landscape planning ; urban planning ; general plan ; sustainability ; acoustic comfort ; inner yard acoustics ; soundscape pleasantness ; sound perception ; virtual room acoustics ; virtual audio ; quality of experience ; irrelevant speech noise ; noise annoyance ; productivity ; mental health ; cross-sectional survey ; open-plan offices ; shared offices ; occupants’ behavior ; restorative effect ; children’s cognitive performance ; classroom soundscape ; sustained attention ; short-term memory ; urban environments ; semiosis model ; square dancing ; public spaces ; acoustic territory ; enjoyment ; appropriateness ; psychological restoration ; emotions ; acoustic environment ; urban open public spaces ; urban design ; stress ; experiment ; virtual reality ; bird song ; noise ; perceived restoration ; quiet area ; urban park ; urban square ; audio-visual interaction ; audio-visual walk ; young people’s psychological response ; orthogonal analysis ; urban parks ; Musikiosk ; soundscape intervention ; democratic soundscape installation ; quality of the urban public experience ; mixed methods study ; pocket park ; physiology ; perceptual attributes ; auditory ; sonic experience ; tranquillity ; garden therapy ; landscape architecture ; Japanese gardens ; autoethnography ; soundscape actions ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book seeks to support social science researchers who interact with vulnerability and/or sensitivity in the context of their research. Whilst there has been some important debate about the theoretical, methodological and ethical issues of conducting research on sensitive topics, and/or with vulnerable populations, the number of scholarly publications focused solely on these topics is limited and not up to date. The book intends to fill this gap by providing various research experiences, as well as the elements that characterize them. The articles selected for this book intend, first and foremost, to stimulate reflexivity amongst the use of the concepts of sensitive topics and vulnerable groups, and to provide tools that will allow researchers to improve their research practices The book integrates several articles that explore a wide range of dilemmas that, to a certain extent, might allow the reader to access the backstage of this type of research. The reader will find here a rich and fruitful space for theoretical and empirical reflection, where several social science researchers with different backgrounds share their experiences and research paths in a rigorous and creative way.
    Keywords: ethics ; sensitive research ; reflexivity ; qualitative methods ; emotional risk ; qualitative method ; children ; autism spectrum disorders ; methodological challenges ; research ethics ; ethical sensibility ; stereotypes ; stereotyped reasoning ; research with children ; qualitative research ; focus groups ; social research ; visual methods ; sensitive topics ; vulnerable populations ; chronic pain ; medical anthropology ; social housing ; vulnerability ; social suffering ; good intentions ; austerity ; cognitive interviewing ; transgender identity ; survey methods ; gender identity ; sexual identity ; categorization ; disability ; ethnicity ; intersectionality ; relational ethics ; researcher vulnerability ; emotional labor ; homeless people ; maternity care ; healthcare ; doctors ; perinatal center ; suffering ; human embryo in vitro ; infertility ; shadowing ; research methodology ; CYP ; paediatric patients ; interviews ; chronic illness ; brain tumours ; child protection ; child participation ; children’s competence to consent ; parental consent ; research on violence against children ; victimisation studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The World Health Organization recognizes that injuries are the leading cause of death and disability to children after their first birthday. There is also high morbidity associated with injuries sustained in childhood, often affecting people for the rest of their lives. For every child who dies from injury, there are several thousand who require medical care, many who live with varying degrees of disability. Children and adolescents (0–19 years of age) are at increased risk of mortality and morbidity due to injuries such as road traffic, burns, falls, poisoning, drowning, self-harm and interpersonal violence. There are proven ways to prevent many child injuries, yet there are still gaps in our knowledge. By understanding the impact of determinants of health (i.e., the social and economic environment, the physical environment and a person’s individual characteristics and behaviors), effective prevention interventions can be designed and implemented, with a high return on investment. This Special Issue covers an eclectic range of studies, the common goal of which is to reduce the global burden of child injury-related mortality and morbidity.
    Keywords: social determinants ; children ; child-play ; mobile phone ; injury ; supervision ; drowning ; child health ; low-and middle-income country ; India ; preventative medicine ; implementation science ; qualitative research ; musculoskeletal injury ; sports ; exercise ; risk factors ; protective factors ; injury prevention ; water safety ; adolescent ; life jacket ; swimming lessons ; swimming ability ; risk behaviors ; FMSTM ; pubescence ; maturation ; fundamental movement patterns ; functional movement ; gender difference ; self-injurious behavior ; institutionalized child ; oral manifestations ; work ; agriculture ; farm ; transport ; occupational injury ; child ; risk factor ; rurality ; socio-economic ; determinants of health ; road traffic injury ; falls ; poisoning ; violence ; self-harm ; prevention ; intervention ; epidemiology ; force–angle relationship ; isokinetic muscle strength ; muscle–tendon unit ; maximal voluntary contraction ; growth spurt ; water ; safety ; mortality ; policy ; stakeholder ; Global Burden of Disease ; multisector ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
    Language: English
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Continuous professional development is of great importance if one is to develop quality professional work. This book contains some of the latest research advances related to the field of Physical Education and Sports. In today's globalized world, continuous and permanent education is necessary and essential to complement the initial training and previous experience. In this book, you can find a wide range of works focused on innovative teaching methodologies and psychological variables to take into account to improve classes and training. These studies on the most forward-looking technological advances in physical activity and sports are useful for those who seek to be up-to-date on this type of research. In addition, these studies will be useful to consult regarding current lifestyle, the creation of healthy habits, the promotion of physical activity in one’s free time, and the importance of leading an active life.
    Keywords: teacher psychological control ; psychological need frustration ; emotional intelligence ; meta-cognitive strategies ; physical education ; misbehaviours ; adolescent ; teaching ; secondary school ; multilevel regression models ; enjoyment ; physical activity in nature ; outdoor education ; teenagers ; educational innovation ; digital learning ; experimentation ; learning impact ; didactic benefits ; primary and secondary education ; TGfU ; sport pedagogy ; technique-focused approaches ; tactical approaches ; children ; player development ; sport ; competition ; rules ; technique ; tactics ; self-determination theory ; intrinsic motivation ; basic psychological needs ; physical activity ; need support ; need satisfaction ; motivation ; physical activity promotion ; moral development ; ethical development ; fair play ; sporting behavior ; instructional models ; models-based practice ; skill-drill-game approaches ; curriculum and instruction ; older people ; quality of life ; exercise ; prevention ; falls ; tactical games approach ; direct instruction ; gender ; experience ; anger expression ; personality ; perfectionist efforts ; sports technology ; fitness tests ; schoolchildren ; warm-up ; sporting activities ; cognitive tasks ; inhibition ; working memory ; shifting ; engagement ; disaffection ; invariance ; Mexico ; virtual reality ; aging ; hippocampus ; neuropsychology ; body image ; education ; sustainable sports tourism ; sports for all ; MCDM ; Bayesian BWM ; rough DEMATEL ; Attitudinal Style ; initial teacher training ; teaching role ; transferability of learning ; sexual activity ; posture ; IOC ; kinematics ; WIMU ; perceptual training ; cognitive training ; decision-making ; volleyball ; referee ; referee–players interactions ; handball ; educational practice ; pedagogical function ; youth sport ; HRV ; endurance training ; training performance ; high level athletes ; VO2max ; running ; psychomotor performance ; functional evaluation ; human development ; righting skill ; rising from the floor ; floor-to-stand ; supine rise tasks ; prosocial behavior ; antisocial behavior ; primary school ; structural equation model ; trans-contextual education ; longitudinal design ; university students ; gymnastic skills ; autonomy support ; self-control ; performance ; heart rate variability ; high-level athletes ; maximal oxygen uptake ; satisfaction ; boredom ; secondary education ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
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  • 100
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Organophosphorus chemistry is an important discipline within organic chemistry. Phosphorus compounds, such as phosphines, trialkyl phosphites, phosphine oxides (chalcogenides), phosphonates, phosphinates and 〉P(O)H species, etc., may be important starting materials or intermediates in syntheses. Let us mention the Wittig reaction and the related transformations, the Arbuzov- and the Pudovik reactions, the Kabachnik–Fields condensation, the Hirao reaction, the Mitsunobu reaction, etc. Other reactions, e.g., homogeneous catalytic transformations or C-C coupling reactions involve P-ligands in transition metal (Pt, Pd, etc.) complex catalysts. The synthesis of chiral organophosphorus compounds means a continuous challenge. Methods have been elaborated for the resolution of tertiary phosphine oxides and for stereoselective organophosphorus transformations. P-heterocyclic compounds, including aromatic and bridged derivatives, P-functionalized macrocycles, dendrimers and low coordinated P-fragments, are also of interest. An important segment of organophosphorus chemistry is the pool of biologically-active compounds that are searched and used as drugs, or as plant-protecting agents. The natural analogue of P-compounds may also be mentioned. Many new phosphine oxides, phosphinates, phosphonates and phosphoric esters have been described, which may find application on a broad scale. Phase transfer catalysis, ionic liquids and detergents also have connections to phosphorus chemistry. Green chemical aspects of organophosphorus chemistry (e.g., microwave-assisted syntheses, solvent-free accomplishments, optimizations, and atom-efficient syntheses) represent a dynamically developing field. Last, but not least, theoretical approaches and computational chemistry are also a strong sub-discipline within organophosphorus chemistry.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; QD241-441 ; Q1-390 ; synergy ; 1-(acylamino)alkylphosphonic acids ; hydrolytic deacylation ; chiral phosphines ; organophosphorus chemistry ; alcoholysis ; electrophilic substitution ; NORPHOS ; DFT ; diphosphines ; dry eye syndrome ; cyclo-P5 ; O-derivatization ; triple-decker ; phosphorylation ; molybdenum ; NMR-controlled titration ; mechanochemistry ; N-acyliminium cation ; stability constants ; Pudovik reaction ; phosphonocarboxylic acids ; 1 ; aminophosphonic acids ; allylic alkylation ; diquafosol ; silver ; Diels-Alder reaction ; QTAIM ; dissociation constants ; weakly coordinating ; substitution ; phosphonium salts ; amino acids ; continuous flow reactor ; DFT calculations ; metallacycle ; 31P NMR spectra of intermediates ; dinucleotides ; N-acylimine ; copper ; microwave ; 1-aminoalkylphosphonic acids ; phosphonic acids ; bis(phosphane) palladium complex ; denufosol ; oxidation ; C-H bond activation ; asymmetric catalysis ; dynamic and specific NMR parameters ; electronic parameters ; dialkyl H-phosphonates ; ?-hydroxyphosphonate ; transesterification ; polycyclic compounds ; stereoselective synthesis ; rearrangement ; hydrolysis ; ?-amidoalkylating agents ; 3-azaphospholes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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