ALBERT

Description: The present work intended to investigate the fate of contaminant-loaded microplastics if ingested by benthic filter feeder Mytilus edulis under laboratory conditions. In the course of a 7-day experiment the mussels were exposed to PVC microplastics in a size range 〉40 mm, in doses of 2000 particles L_1 (11.56 mg L_1). Particles were either virgin or loaded with one of four different nominal concentrations of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fluoranthene (500, 125, 31.25 and 7.8125 mg g_1). Verification of fluoranthene concentrations on the particles provided evidence of the high absorptive capacity of PVC for this PAH, indicating that comparable particles may serve as considerable accumulation sites for high concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants in the aquatic environment. Analysis of digestive gland tissues via polarised light microscopy revealed the occurrence of particles and particle aggregates within stomach and intestines of all mussels treated with microplastics, thus making the xenobiotic bioavailable. Results of contaminant analysis in mussel tissues via equilibrium sampling point to a considerable capability of microplastics for the accumulation of hydrophobic contaminants from the environment and their potential to act as vehicles for the transport of theses contaminants into organismal tissues. of fluoranthene concentrations on the particles provided evidence of the high absorptive capacity of PVC for this PAH, indicating that comparable particles may serve as considerable accumulation sites for high concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants in the aquatic environment. Analysis of digestive gland tissues via polarised light microscopy revealed the occurrence of particles and particle aggregates within stomach and intestines of all mussels treated with microplastics, thus making the xenobiotic bioavailable. Results of contaminant analysis in mussel tissues via equilibrium sampling point to a considerable capability of microplastics for the accumulation of hydrophobic contaminants from the environment and their potential to act as vehicles for the transport of theses contaminants into organismal tissues. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license

Description: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important atmospheric trace gas involved in tropospheric warming and stratospheric ozone depletion. The ocean is a net source of this gas, contributing around 25% of global N2O sources, although this emission is highly variable. It is the case of eastern South Pacific, a region with marked zonal gradients, ranging from highly productive and suboxic conditions in coastal upwelling systems to oligotrophic and oxygenated conditions in the subtropical gyre. Indeed, South Pacific Ocean has the largest permanent anticyclonic oceanic gyre which has been described as the most oligotrophic zone in the world ocean. Nitrous oxide concentration in the water column was measured on a transect crossing the Subtropical South Pacific Gyre during the BIOSOPE cruise (austral spring, 2004). This dataset includes nitrous oxide and nutrient concentrations at different depths from French program BIOSOPE, funded by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Institut des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU), the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), the European Space Agency (ESA), The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). Nitrous oxide measurements belong to Concepción University.

Description: KML files showing the distribution of lagoons wider than 500 m along the Arctic coast from the Taimyr Peninsula in Russia to the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula in Canada. There are two files: one specific to thermokarst lagoons and the other showing all lagoons. Interconnected lagoons are marked as one system. The criteria for the identification of thermokarst lagoons is described in Angelopoulos et al. (2021).

Description: Between October 12 and November 5, 2015, the Cimar 21 “Ocean Islands” cruise was developed, organized and managed by the Navy's Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOA). This cruise covered the zonal transect in the subtropical region of the Eastern South Pacific Basin from Caldera (27.00°S; 70.88°W) to near Rapa Nui Island (27.04°S; 109.31°W). This region is characterized by presenting very contrasting trophic systems; from the coastal zone with eutrophic (rich in nutrients), colder and suboxic ([O2] 〈22 µM); to ultra-oligotrophic (with undetectable nutrient levels Raimbault et al., 2008), warmer and oxygenated waters that belong to South Pacific Subtropical Gyre, which has the clearest waters of the global ocean (Morel et al., 2010). In addition to trophic gradient, the Eastern South Pacific region presents an oxygen minimum zone (OMZ (Fuenzalida et al, 2009) with marked oxygen gradients where various biogeochemical processes can recycle greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O) (Trocoso et al., 2018) and even methane (CH4) (Farías et al., 2021). From a total of 19 stations sampled, we present a set of data collected between 0 and 500 m depth using a CTD rosette for physicochemical variables such as temperature, salinity and oxygen (obtained from the CTD) and nutrients (nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, silicate) and greenhouse gases N2O and CH4 (obtained from Niskin bottles mounted in an oceanographic rosette). The gas samples were analyzed by gas chromatography through a gas chromatograph (Schimadzu 17A) using an electron capture detector at 350ºC and connected to an autoanalyzer, while the CH4 samples were analyzed manually in a chromatograph gas with flame ionization detector (Agilent Model 6850 GC-Fid) with a Restek RT QS-Bond column (30 meters 053 mm ID, 20 μm Film) with a temperature of 40ºC and a column flow of 4mL min-1. Meanwhile, nutrient samples with micromolar concentration (≥ 1 µM) were analyzed using standard colorimetric techniques (Grasshoff et al., 1983) in a Seal AA3 segmented flow auto-analyzer, whereas when the nutrient concentration was submicromolar (〈 1 µM) for samples of nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate in the gyre, the Seal AA3 segmented flow autoanalyzer was used coupled to two 50 cm Liquid waveridge capillary cells (LWCC, Type II), which allowed to increase the sensitivity of the detection spectrophotometric (Troncoso et al., 2018).

Description: Here we report on a set of six apatite reference materials (chlorapatites MGMH# 133648, TUBAF# 38 and fluorapatites MGMH# 128441A, TUBAF# 37, 40, 50) which we have characterised for their chlorine isotope ratios; these RMs span a range of Cl mass fractions within the apatite Ca10(PO4)6(F,Cl,OH)2 solid solution series. Numerous apatite specimens, obtained from mineralogical collections, were initially screened for 37Cl/35Cl homogeneity using SIMS followed by δ37Cl characterisation by gas source mass spectrometry using both dual‐inlet and continuous‐flow modes. We also report major and key trace element compositions as determined by EPMA. The repeatability of our SIMS results was better than ± 0.10‰ (1s) for the five samples with 〉 0.5% m/m Cl, and ± 0.19‰ (1s) for the low Cl abundance material (0.27% m/m). We also observed a small, but significant crystal orientation effect of 0.38‰ between the mean 37Cl/35Cl ratios measured on three oriented apatite fragments. Furthermore, the results of GS‐IRMS analyses show small but systematic offset of δ37ClSMOC values between the three laboratories. Nonetheless, all studied samples have comparable chlorine isotope compositions, with mean 103δ37ClSMOC values between +0.09 and +0.42 and in all cases with 1s ≤ ± 0.25.

Description: This study was designed to assess the concentration of heavy metals in water, two fish species (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus), and three different vegetables (Spinach, Rosella, and Jute mallow) which were grown around the riverbank of River Benue. A laboratory-based study was adopted. Fish, water samples, and vegetables were collected monthly at different locations named points A, B, and C from River Benue for five consecutive months between October 2019 and February 2020 and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. The parameters included pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, conductivity, lead, cadmium, manganese, zinc, Iron, and copper.