ALBERT

Description: We present a workflow to estimate geostatistical aquifer parameters from pumping test data using the Python package welltestpy. The procedure of pumping test analysis is exemplified for two data sets from the Horkheimer Insel site and from the Lauswiesen site, Germany. The analysis is based on a semi‐analytical drawdown solution from the upscaling approach Radial Coarse Graining, which enables to infer log‐transmissivity variance and horizontal correlation length, beside mean transmissivity, and storativity, from pumping test data. We estimate these parameters of aquifer heterogeneity from type‐curve analysis and determine their sensitivity. This procedure, implemented in welltestpy, is a template for analyzing any pumping test. It goes beyond the possibilities of standard methods, for example, based on Theis' equation, which are limited to mean transmissivity and storativity. A sensitivity study showed the impact of observation well positions on the parameter estimation quality. The insights of this study help to optimize future test setups for geostatistical aquifer analysis and provides guidance for investigating pumping tests with regard to aquifer statistics using the open‐source software package welltestpy.

Description: Article impact statement: We present a workflow to infer parameters of subsurface heterogeneity from pumping test data exemplified at two sites using welltestpy.

Description: German Federal Environmental Foundation (DBU) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007636

Description: In designed experiments, different sources of variability and an adequate scale of measurement need to be considered, but not all approaches in common usage are equally valid. In order to elucidate the importance of sources of variability and choice of scale, we conducted an experiment where the effects of biochar and slurry applications on soil properties related to soil fertility were studied for different designs: (a) for a field‐scale sampling design with either a model soil (without natural variability) as an internal control or with composited soils, (b) for a design with a focus on amendment variabilities, and (c) for three individual field‐scale designs with true field replication and a combined analysis representative of the population of loess‐derived soils. Three silty loam sites in Germany were sampled and the soil macroaggregates were crushed. For each design, six treatments (0, 0.15 and 0.30 g slurry‐N kg−1 with and without 30 g biochar kg−1) were applied before incubating the units under constant soil moisture conditions for 78 days. CO2 fluxes were monitored and soils were analysed for macroaggregate yields and associated organic carbon (C). Mixed‐effects models were used to describe the effects. For all soil properties, results for the loess sites differed with respect to significant contributions of fixed effects for at least one site, suggesting the need for a general inclusion of different sites. Analysis using a multilevel model allowed generalizations for loess soils to be made and showed that site:slurry:biochar and site:slurry interactions were not negligible for macroaggregate yields. The use of a model soil as an internal control enabled observation of variabilities other than those related to soils or amendments. Experiments incorporating natural variability in soils or amendments resulted in partially different outcomes, indicating the need to include all important sources of variability. Highlights Effects of biochar and slurry applications were studied for different designs and mixed‐effects models were used to describe the effects. Including an internal control allowed observation of, e.g., methodological and analytical variabilities. The results suggested the need for a general inclusion of different sites. Analysis using a multilevel model allowed generalizations for loess soils. The results indicated the need to include all important sources of variability.

Description: Temperate forest soils are often considered as an important sink for atmospheric carbon (C), thereby buffering anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, the effect of tree species composition on the magnitude of this sink is unclear. We resampled a tree species common garden experiment (six sites) a decade after initial sampling to evaluate whether forest floor (FF) and topsoil organic carbon (Corg) and total nitrogen (Nt) stocks changed in dependence of tree species (Norway spruce—Picea abies L., European beech—Fagus sylvatica L., pedunculate oak—Quercus robur L., sycamore maple—Acer pseudoplatanus L., European ash—Fraxinus excelsior L. and small‐leaved lime—Tilia cordata L.). Two groups of species were identified in terms of Corg and Nt distribution: (1) Spruce with high Corg and Nt stocks in the FF developed as a mor humus layer which tended to have smaller Corg and Nt stocks and a wider Corg:Nt ratio in the mineral topsoil, and (2) the broadleaved species, of which ash and maple distinguished most clearly from spruce by very low Corg and Nt stocks in the FF developed as mull humus layer, had greater Corg and Nt stocks, and narrow Corg:Nt ratios in the mineral topsoil. Over 11 years, FF Corg and Nt stocks increased most under spruce, while small decreases in bulk mineral soil (esp. in 0–15 cm and 0–30 cm depth) Corg and Nt stocks dominated irrespective of species. Observed decadal changes were associated with site‐related and tree species‐mediated soil properties in a way that hinted towards short‐term accumulation and mineralisation dynamics of easily available organic substances. We found no indication for Corg stabilisation. However, results indicated increasing Nt stabilisation with increasing biomass of burrowing earthworms, which were highest under ash, lime and maple and lowest under spruce. Highlights We studied if tree species differences in topsoil Corg and Nt stocks substantiate after a decade. The study is unique in its repeated soil sampling in a multisite common garden experiment. Forest floors increased under spruce, but topsoil stocks decreased irrespective of species. Changes were of short‐term nature. Nitrogen was most stable under arbuscular mycorrhizal species.

Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaff (DFG)

Description: In recent years, German cities were heavily impacted by pluvial flooding and related damage is projected to increase due to climate change and urbanisation. It is important to ask how to improve urban pluvial flood risk management. To understand the current state of property level adaptation, a survey was conducted in four municipalities that had recently been impacted by pluvial flooding. A hybrid framework based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and the Protection Action Decision Model (PADM) was used to investigate drivers of adaptive behaviour through both descriptive and regression analyses. Descriptive statistics revealed that participants tended to instal more low‐ and medium‐cost measures than high‐cost measures. Regression analyses showed that coping appraisal increased protection motivation, but that the adaptive behaviour also depends on framing factors, particularly homeownership. We further found that, while threat appraisal solely affects protection motivation and responsibility appraisal affects solely maladaptive thinking, coping appraisal affects both. Our results indicate that PMT is a solid starting point to study adaptive behaviours in the context of pluvial flooding, but we need to go beyond that by, for instance, considering factors of the PADM, such as responsibility, ownership, or respondent age, to fully understand this complex decision‐making process.

Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347

Description: The present study aims to valorize the apple peels (AP) and grape seeds (GS) by the fortification of the yogurts using their powder. Firstly, the optimization of the extraction parameters for assessing maximum of total phenolic content (TPC) was achieved. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental maximum yields of TPC were 19.33 ± 2.33 and 240.59 ± 4.77 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/100 g Dry Weight (DW) for AP and GS, respectively, which was in close agreement with predicted values (19.32 ± 0.91 and 242.26 ± 11.08 mg GAE/100 g DW for AP and GS, respectively). The antioxidant capacity of GS extract was better with IC50 of 12.22 ± 0.89 and 225.47 ± 7.10 µg/ml in DPPH and phosphomolybdenum assays, respectively. Besides, powder from these by-products was incorporated into yogurt samples. The classification test revealed that the yogurt prepared with GS powder was the preferred one.

Description: Pa.ra.rho.do.spi.ril'lum. Gr. pref. para-, beside, alongside of, near, like; N.L. neut. n. Rhodospirillum, a bacterial generic name; N.L. neut. n. Pararhodospirillum, resembling Rhodospirillum. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Pararhodospirillum Pararhodospirillum species are spiral-shaped, mesophilic, and phototrophic freshwater bacteria of the Rhodospirillaceae family. Cells are motile by polar flagella, and photosynthetic pigments are located in internal photosynthetic membranes present as lamellar stacks. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series with spirilloxanthin itself lacking. Ubiquinone-9 and rhodoquinone-9 are the major quinones. All species are sensitive to oxygen and require anoxic or microoxic conditions for growth. They grow photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Photoautotrophic growth, aerobic chemotrophic growth, and fermentative growth have not been demonstrated. Growth factors are required. DNA G + C content (mol%): 60.2–65.8 (Bd and HPLC) and 64.7–67 (GA). Type species: Pararhodospirillum photometricum Lakshmi et al. 2014VP (basonym: Rhodospirillum photometricum Molisch 1907AL).

Description: Rho.do.ci'sta Gr. neut. n. rhodon, rose; L. fem. n. cista a basket; N.L. fem. n. Rhodocista, red basket. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Azospirillaceae / Rhodocista Rhodocista centenaria is a well-characterized thermotolerant, phototrophic purple bacterium growing optimally at a temperature of 40–45°C and a maximal growth temperature of 48°C. Under low nutrient conditions, Rhodocista forms desiccation-, heat-, and UV-resistant cysts, which enable survival under severe drought and salt stress. Cells are motile by a single polar flagellum in liquid culture but in addition form lateral flagella on agar surfaces and under these conditions may show a characteristic phototactic movement. Rhodocista species grow under photoheterotrophic conditions and also are able to perform a chemotrophic aerobic metabolism. They encode enzymes for autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation and fixation of dinitrogen, although autotrophic growth has so far not been demonstrated. In the type species, bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis occurs under both aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions. Aerobically grown cells are fully pigmented. In other species, oxygen may inhibit photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis, and aerobically grown cells are colorless. DNA G + C content (mol%): 68.8–69.9 (Tm), 70.5 (WGS). Type species: Rhodocista (Rcs.) centenaria Kawasaki et al. 1992, VL48 (basonym: Rhodospirillum centenum Favinger et al. 1989, VL48).

Description: Rho.do.pi'la. Gr. neut. n. rhodon the rose; N.L. fem. n. pila a ball or sphere; N.L. fem. n. Rhodopila red sphere. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Acetobacteraceae / Rhodopila Rhodopila globiformis is one of the very few anaerobic phototrophic purple bacteria that can grow below pH 6 with an optimum depending on the organic carbon substrate from 4.8 to 5.6. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Cells are sensitive to oxygen but grow by respiration under microoxic conditions in the dark. Growth factors are required. They are acidophilic freshwater bacteria that inhabit acidic warm sulfur springs. Cells are spherical to ovoid, motile by means of polar flagella, and divide by binary fission. They stain Gram-negative and have internal photosynthetic membranes of the vesicular type. Rhodopila is classified within the Acetobacteraceae family and Rhodospirillales order of the Alphaproteobacteria. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids. The major fatty acids are C18:1 (∼75%) and C16:0. Ubiquinones, menaquinones, and rhodoquinones with 9 and 10 isoprene units are produced. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.1 (genome analysis). Type species: Rhodopila globiformis Imhoff et al. 1984VP (basonym: Rhodopseudomonas globiformis Pfennig 1974AL).

Description: Rho.do.pla'nes. Gr. neut. n. rhodon rose; Gr. masc. n. planos a wanderer; N.L. masc. n. Rhodoplanes a red wanderer. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Rhodoplanes The genus Rhodoplanes accommodates species of anoxygenic facultative phototrophic bacteria that grow optimally under anaerobic conditions in the light. They belong to the family Hyphomicrobiaceae of the order Rhizobiales within the class Alphaproteobacteria. Cells are Gram-stain-negative rods and multiply by budding and asymmetric cell division. Motile by means of polar, subpolar, or lateral flagella. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. Photoorganotrophy with pyruvate and some other organic acids is the best mode of growth. Straight-chain, monounsaturated C18:1 ω7c is the main component of the cellular fatty acids and C16:0 is a second major component. Ubiquinones and rhodoquinones with 10 isoprene units (Q-10 and RQ-10) are present. The main components of polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. Terrestrial and freshwater bacteria having a preference for mesophilic to moderately thermophilic habitats and neutral pH. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.2–70.4. Type species: Rhodoplanes roseus Hiraishi and Ueda 1994 (Rhodopseudomonas rosea Janssen and Harfoot 1991).

Description: Rho.do.pi'la. Gr. neut. n. rhodon the rose; N.L. fem. n. pila a ball or sphere; N.L. fem. n. Rhodopila red sphere. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Acetobacteraceae / Rhodopila Rhodopila globiformis is one of the very few anaerobic phototrophic purple bacteria that can grow below pH 6 with an optimum depending on the organic carbon substrate from 4.8 to 5.6. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Cells are sensitive to oxygen but grow by respiration under microoxic conditions in the dark. Growth factors are required. They are acidophilic freshwater bacteria that inhabit acidic warm sulfur springs. Cells are spherical to ovoid, motile by means of polar flagella, and divide by binary fission. They stain Gram-negative and have internal photosynthetic membranes of the vesicular type. Rhodopila is classified within the Acetobacteraceae family and Rhodospirillales order of the Alphaproteobacteria. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids. The major fatty acids are C18:1 (∼75%) and C16:0. Ubiquinones, menaquinones, and rhodoquinones with 9 and 10 isoprene units are produced. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.1 (genome analysis). Type species: Rhodopila globiformis Imhoff et al. 1984VP (basonym: Rhodopseudomonas globiformis Pfennig 1974AL).

Description: Rho.do.spi.ril'lum. Gr. neut. n. rhodon, the rose; N.L. neut. n. Spirillum, a bacterial genus; N.L. neut. n. Rhodospirillum, the rose Spirillum. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Rhodospirillum The genus Rhodospirillum has harbored a diverse set of spiral-shaped phototrophic bacteria, most of which have been reclassified as species of other genera, families, and even orders and phyla since the 1980s. The heterogeneity has been long known, but only the faith into sequence-based information gave strong support for taxonomic rearrangements. Currently, the genus Rhodospirillum contains a single species, which is characterized by spiral-shaped cells, motility by bipolar flagella, and internal membranes as vesicles. It performs anaerobic photosynthesis, which is restricted to anoxic light conditions due to the oxygen-sensitive biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll and thus the phototrophic apparatus. It can grow photoheterotrophically as well as photoautotrophically. The key enzyme of autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation in Rhodospirillum rubrum, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RubisCO) type-II, is well characterized and forms a homodimer that is also encoded in some related genera of Rhodospirillaceae. Chemotrophic growth may also occur under microoxic to oxic conditions in the dark and anaerobically by fermentation. The genus comprises mesophilic freshwater bacteria. Ubiquinones and rhodoquinones with 10 isoprene units and fatty acids typical of other Alphaproteobacteria with C18:1, C16:0, and C16:1 as major components are present. DNA G + C content (mol%): 64.6–65.7, type 65.4 (genome analysis), 63.8–65.8 (Bd). Type species: Rhodospirillum (Rsp.) rubrum Molisch 1907AL (basonym: Spirillum rubrum Esmarch 1887).

Description: Rho.do.ci'sta Gr. neut. n. rhodon, rose; L. fem. n. cista a basket; N.L. fem. n. Rhodocista, red basket. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Azospirillaceae / Rhodocista Rhodocista centenaria is a well-characterized thermotolerant, phototrophic purple bacterium growing optimally at a temperature of 40–45°C and a maximal growth temperature of 48°C. Under low nutrient conditions, Rhodocista forms desiccation-, heat-, and UV-resistant cysts, which enable survival under severe drought and salt stress. Cells are motile by a single polar flagellum in liquid culture but in addition form lateral flagella on agar surfaces and under these conditions may show a characteristic phototactic movement. Rhodocista species grow under photoheterotrophic conditions and also are able to perform a chemotrophic aerobic metabolism. They encode enzymes for autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation and fixation of dinitrogen, although autotrophic growth has so far not been demonstrated. In the type species, bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis occurs under both aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions. Aerobically grown cells are fully pigmented. In other species, oxygen may inhibit photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis, and aerobically grown cells are colorless. DNA G + C content (mol%): 68.8–69.9 (Tm), 70.5 (WGS). Type species: Rhodocista (Rcs.) centenaria Kawasaki et al. 1992, VL48 (basonym: Rhodospirillum centenum Favinger et al. 1989, VL48).

Description: Rho.do.tha.las.si.a.ce'ae. N.L. neut. n. Rhodothalassium, type genus of the family; suff. -aceae, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n. Rhodothalassiaceae, the family of Rhodothalassium. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodothalassiales / Rhodothalassiaceae Cells are vibrioid to spiral shaped, are motile by means of polar flagella, and multiply by binary fission. They belong to the class Alphaproteobacteria and stain Gram-negative. An unusual protein-rich cell wall with only low amounts of peptidoglycan may be present. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks lying parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids. The major ubiquinone and menaquinone components are Q-10 and MK-10. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light but also may be possible under microoxic to oxic conditions in the dark. Obligately halophilic bacteria that require NaCl or sea salt for growth. Habitats are anoxic zones of hypersaline environments such as salterns, salt lakes, and evaporated coastal lagoons that are exposed to light. At present, the family includes a single genus. DNA G + C content of the type species and genus (mol%): 68.5–69.0 (genome analysis), 60.0–62.8 (HPLC analysis). Type genus: Rhodothalassium Imhoff et al. 1998VP.

Description: Phae.o.spi.ril'lum. Gr. masc. adj. phaeos, brown; N.L. neut. n. Spirillum, a bacterial genus; N.L. neut. n. Phaeospirillum, brown Spirillum. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Phaeospirillum Phaeospirillum species are vibrioid to spiral shaped and motile Alphaproteobacteria. They are strictly anaerobic and anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria with a reaction center and light-harvesting complexes located in the internal membrane stacks formed at a sharp angle with the cytoplasmic membrane. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a esterified with phytol and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series, with spirilloxanthin itself lacking. They have a photoheterotrophic metabolism and depend on anoxic conditions for biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll and photosynthesis. The preferred carbon substrates are fatty acids including longer chains up to pelargonate. The longer chain fatty acids provide a selective advantage for several of the species. Chemotrophic growth may be possible at controlled and very low oxygen tensions (〈1.5 kPa) in the dark. Ammonia and dinitrogen serve as nitrogen sources. Assimilatory sulfate reduction is present. Growth factors may be required. Phaeospirillum species are mesophilic freshwater bacteria with a preference for neutral pH that live in stagnant and anoxic freshwater habitats. DNA G + C content (mol%): 60.5–65.3 (Bd), 62.1–62.8 (Tm), 61.5–64.7 (WGS). Type species: Phaeospirillum (Phs.) fulvum Imhoff et al. 1998VP (basonym: Rhodospirillum fulvum van Niel 1944AL).

Description: Rho.do.tha.las.si.a'les. N.L. neut. n. Rhodothalassium, type genus of the order; suff. -ales, ending denoting an order; N.L. fem. pl. n. Rhodothalassiales, the Rhodothalassium order. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodothalassiales The order currently comprises a single family and genus, which is characterized by halophilic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria having spiral-shaped cells and containing lamellar photosynthetic membranes. The properties of the order are determined by the characteristics of the Rhodothalassiaceae family.

Description: Rho.do.tha.las'si.um. Gr. neut. n. rhodon, the rose; Gr. masc. adj. thalassios, belonging to the sea; N.L. neut. n. Rhodothalassium, the rose belonging to the sea. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodothalassiales / Rhodothalassiaceae / Rhodothalassium The genus Rhodothalassium is represented by a single species and is the only genus of the Rhodothalassiaceae family and Rhodothalassiales order. It is characterized by vibrioid- to spiral-shaped cells which multiply by binary fission and are motile by means of flagella. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks lying parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. Ubiquinones and menaquinones with 10 isoprene units (Q-10 and MK-10) are present. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Most strains also grow chemoorganotrophically under oxic conditions in the dark. Rhodothalassium species are obligately halophilic, require NaCl or sea salt for growth, and live in anoxic zones of hypersaline environments such as salterns, salt lakes, and evaporated coastal lagoons that are exposed to the light. DNA G + C content (mol%): 68.5–69.0 (WGS), 60.0–62.8 (HPLC). Type species: Rhodothalassium salexigens Imhoff et al. 1998VP (basonym: Rhodospirillum salexigens Drews 1981, VL9).

Description: Rho.do.pla'nes. Gr. neut. n. rhodon rose; Gr. masc. n. planos a wanderer; N.L. masc. n. Rhodoplanes a red wanderer. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Rhodoplanes The genus Rhodoplanes accommodates species of anoxygenic facultative phototrophic bacteria that grow optimally under anaerobic conditions in the light. They belong to the family Hyphomicrobiaceae of the order Rhizobiales within the class Alphaproteobacteria. Cells are Gram-stain-negative rods and multiply by budding and asymmetric cell division. Motile by means of polar, subpolar, or lateral flagella. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. Photoorganotrophy with pyruvate and some other organic acids is the best mode of growth. Straight-chain, monounsaturated C18:1 ω7c is the main component of the cellular fatty acids and C16:0 is a second major component. Ubiquinones and rhodoquinones with 10 isoprene units (Q-10 and RQ-10) are present. The main components of polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. Terrestrial and freshwater bacteria having a preference for mesophilic to moderately thermophilic habitats and neutral pH. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.2–70.4. Type species: Rhodoplanes roseus Hiraishi and Ueda 1994 (Rhodopseudomonas rosea Janssen and Harfoot 1991).

Description: Pa.ra.rho.do.spi.ril'lum. Gr. pref. para-, beside, alongside of, near, like; N.L. neut. n. Rhodospirillum, a bacterial generic name; N.L. neut. n. Pararhodospirillum, resembling Rhodospirillum. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Pararhodospirillum Pararhodospirillum species are spiral-shaped, mesophilic, and phototrophic freshwater bacteria of the Rhodospirillaceae family. Cells are motile by polar flagella, and photosynthetic pigments are located in internal photosynthetic membranes present as lamellar stacks. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series with spirilloxanthin itself lacking. Ubiquinone-9 and rhodoquinone-9 are the major quinones. All species are sensitive to oxygen and require anoxic or microoxic conditions for growth. They grow photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Photoautotrophic growth, aerobic chemotrophic growth, and fermentative growth have not been demonstrated. Growth factors are required. DNA G + C content (mol%): 60.2–65.8 (Bd and HPLC) and 64.7–67 (GA). Type species: Pararhodospirillum photometricum Lakshmi et al. 2014VP (basonym: Rhodospirillum photometricum Molisch 1907AL).

Description: Ro.se.o.spi'ra. L. masc. adj. roseus, rosy; Gr. fem. n. spira, the spiral; N.L. fem. n. Roseospira the rosy spiral. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Roseospira Roseospira species are vibrioid to spiral shaped, anoxygenic, and phototrophic bacteria of the Rhodospirillaceae family that live in various types of marine and slightly saline habitats all over the world. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series, and internal photosynthetic membranes are present as vesicles. They perform a phototrophic way of life using organic substrates (photoheterotrophic growth) or inorganic reduced sulfur compounds (photoautotrophic growth) as electron donors for photosynthesis. Bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis depends on anoxic to microoxic conditions, and chemotrophic growth is possible under microoxic to oxic conditions in the light. Nitrogenase and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase may be present. Vitamins or yeast extracts are required as growth factors. The G + C content of the DNA is 67.8–71.2 (GA), and the genome size ranges from 4.19 to 4.61 Mb. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.8–71.2 (GA) (type species 66.6 Tm). Type species: Roseospira mediosalina Imhoff et al. 1998VP (synonym: “Rhodospirillum mediosalinum” Kompantseva and Gorlenko 1984).