ALBERT

Beschreibung: Starting in 1988, with the installation of the first broadband (BB) instrument in Italy, the Mediterranean Very Broadband Seismographic Network (MedNet) program established a backbone network of BB stations of the highest quality in the Mediterranean Sea countries. The Mediterranean region is characterized by relevant and frequent seismic- ity related to its complex tectonics, due to the convergence of two major plates, Africa and Eurasia, and the involvement of other minor plates, as the Adriatic plate. Therefore, the MedNet project became a scientific research infrastructure of excellence, able to fill the gap of regional coverage when the availability of seismic BB instruments was still scarce. The main characteristics of the MedNet network are the highest quality of the seismographic instrumentation at remote sites and very low level of anthropogenic noise with stable conditions of pressure and temperature. After 30 yr of recordings, the MedNet program has proven that the early adoption of very BB instruments in selected sites have been the best choice. A large number of studies benefited from MedNet data, as seismic source computation and Earth structure reconstruction, at local and global scale. We present a concise overview of the contribution given by MedNet data in the last three decades to motivate and financially support the existence of this valuable infrastructure, and to further maintain this project.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 787–802

Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: The proposal of this focus section was supported by the strong conviction that it was time for an attempt to put together an up-to-date state of data and research of historical seismology, the branch of study that is rooted in the retrieval and analysis of written documents supplying records of earthquake effects. Furthermore, research methods and tools have changed with the full advent of the digital era, and new challenges have arisen for scientists working in this field. The response was larger in number and more extended in space than the editors expected. The 21 articles of this focus section touch on and enhance different aspects and characteristics of the research of earthquake data. They also present recent results achieved in studies of earthquakes from medieval times to the twentieth century in more than 10 countries distributed in South, Central, and North America, Far and Southeast Asia, Europe and the Mediterranean. Brief summaries of the articles are presented in the following, grouped in a few large categories, according to the main focus of the articles as chosen by their own authors.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 2458-2461

Beschreibung: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: The Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence in California in July 2019 offered an opportunity to evaluate in near‐real time the temporal and spatial variations in the average earthquake size distribution (the b‐value) and the performance of the newly introduced foreshock traffic‐light system. In normally decaying aftershock sequences, in the past studies, the b‐value of the aftershocks was found, on average, to be 10%–30% higher than the background b‐value. A drop of 10% or more in “aftershock” b‐values was postulated to indicate that the region is still highly stressed and that a subsequent larger event is likely. In this Ridgecrest case study, after analyzing the magnitude of completeness of the sequences, we find that the quality of the monitoring network is excellent, which allows us to determine reliable b‐values over a large range of magnitudes within hours of the two mainshocks. We then find that in the hours after the first Mw 6.4 Ridgecrest event, the b‐value drops by 23% on average, compared to the background value, triggering a red foreshock traffic light. Spatially mapping the changes in b-values, we identify an area to the north of the rupture plane as the most likely location of a subsequent event. After the second, magnitude 7.1 mainshock, which did occur in that location as anticipated, the b‐value increased by 26% over the background value, triggering a green traffic light. Finally, comparing the 2019 sequence with the Mw 5.8 sequence in 1995, in which no mainshock followed, we find a b‐value increase of 29% after the mainshock. Our results suggest that the real‐time monitoring of b‐values is feasible in California and may add important information for aftershock hazard assessment.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 2828-2842

Beschreibung: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto

Beschreibung: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e precursori sismici

Beschreibung: 8T. Sismologia in tempo reale

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: Identifying key classes can help software maintainers quickly understand software systems. The existing key class recognition algorithms consider the weight of class interaction, but the weight mechanism is single or arbitrary. In this paper, the multitype weighting mechanism is considered, and the key classes are accurately identified by using four kinds of interaction. By abstracting the software system into the directed weighted class interaction network, a novel Structure Entropy Weighted LeaderRank of identifying key classes algorithm is proposed. First, considering multiple types and directions of interactions between every pair of classes, the directed weighted class interaction software network (DWCIS-Network) is built. Second, Class Entropy of each class is initialized by the software structural entropy in DWCIS-Network; the Structure Entropy Weighted LeaderRank applies the biased random walk process to iterate Class Entropy. Finally, the iteration is completed to obtain the Final Class Entropy (FCE) of each class as the importance score of each class, top-k classes are obtained, and key classes are identified. For two sets of experiments on Ant and JHotDraw, our approach effectively identifies key classes in class-level software networks for different top-k of classes, and the recall rates of our approach are the highest, 80% and 100%, respectively. From top-15% to top-5%, the precision of our approach is improved by 13.39%, which is the highest in comparison with the precisions of the other two classical approaches. Compared with the best performance of the two classical approaches, the RankingScore of our approach is improved by 16.51% in JHotDraw.

Beschreibung: The study was conducted in Kafta Sheraro National Park (KSNP) dry woodland natural forest located in Kafta Humera and Tahitay Adiyabo weredas (districts), Western and Northwestern Zones of Tigray regional governmental state, North Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to explore the floristic composition, structure, and regeneration of woody species in the home of Loxodonta africana L., Hippotragus equinus, Anthropoides virgo, Ourebia ourebi, Crocuta crocuta, Tragelaphus strepsiceros, Phacochoerus africanus, and unidentified crocodile and fish species. In the park, the vegetation ecology has not been studied up to date which is necessary for conservation. The systematic sampling technique was used to collect vegetation and human disturbance (presence and absence) data from August to December 2018. The vegetation data were collected from 161 plots each with a size of 400 m2 (20 m × 20 m) for tree/shrub while subplots of size 100 m2 (10 m × 10 m) and 25 m2 (5 m × 5 m) for sapling and seedling, respectively, were established in the main plots. Individual tree and shrub diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥2.5 cm and height ≥ 2 m were measured using tape meter and clinometer, respectively. Diameter at breast height (DBH), frequency, density, basal area, and importance value index (IVI) were used for vegetation structure description while the density of mature trees, sapling, and seedling was used for regeneration. A total of 70 woody species (46 (65.7%) trees, 18 (25.7%) shrubs, and 6 (8.6%) tree/shrub) were identified. The total basal area and density of 79.3 ± 4.6 m2·ha−1 and 466 ± 12.8 stems·ha−1, respectively, were calculated for 64 woody species. Fabaceae was the most dominant family with 16 species (22.9%) followed by Combretaceae with 8 species (11.4%). The most dominant and frequent species throughout the park were Acacia mellifera, Combretum hartmannianum, Terminalia brownii, Balanites aegyptiaca, Dichrostachys cinerea, Acacia senegal, Acacia oerfota, Boswellia papyrifera, Ziziphus spina-christi, and Anogeissus leiocarpus. Abnormal patterns of selected woody species were dominantly identified. The regenerating status of all the woody plant species was categorized as “fair” (18.75%), “poor” (7.81%), and “none” (73.44%). There was a significant correlation between altitude, anthropogenic disturbance (grazing and fire frequency), and density of seedling, sapling, and mature trees. But there was no correlation between gold mining and regeneration population. However, there is a good initiation for the conservation of the park; still, the vegetation of the park was threatened by human-induced fire following intensive farming, gold mining, and overgrazing. Therefore, the study area was the habitat for the population of the African elephant; species with low importance value indices and lack or having few seedling and sapling stage should be prioritized for conservation, and their soil seed banks should be studied further.

Beschreibung: Background. Increasing evidence states that the plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) levels and apolipoprotein particles are regarded as the risk maker for cardiovascular heart disease. Nevertheless, the issue about whether Lp-PLA2 is associated with apolipoprotein particles in individuals who have been diagnosed as stable coronary artery disease (CAD) remains largely unexplored. Method. All 569 participants engaged in this research, who never took lipid-lowering drugs, had been divided into groups by the coronary angiography (CAG), namely, stable CAD: n=291; non-CAD: n=278. The results concerning Lp-PLA2 levels were calculated by Elisa Kit, while apolipoprotein particles were measured by the department of laboratory. Results. The plasma concentration of Lp-PLA2 was remarkably higher in stable CAD group than the non-CAD group (136.0±60.5 ng/mL vs. 113.2±65.6 ng/mL, P

Beschreibung: The steel industry is facing problems such as serious environmental pollution and high resource consumption. At the same time, it lacks effective methods to quantify potential environmental impacts. The purpose of this work is to conduct a specific environmental analysis of steelmaking production in steel plants. The ultimate goal is to discover the main pollution of steelmaking and identify potential options for improving the environment. This paper uses life cycle assessment method to carry out inventory and quantitative analysis on the environmental impact of steelmaking system. Through analysis, the hazards are divided into four major categories, which are human health, climate change, ecosystem quality, and resources. The results show that molten iron has the greatest impact on human health, followed by the greatest impact on resources. The impact of scrap steel on human health ranks third. Molten iron is a key process that affects human health, climate change, ecosystems quality, and resources. In addition, processes such as fuels, working fluids, and auxiliary materials also cause certain environmental damage, accounting for a relatively small proportion. Optimizing the utilization of scrap steel and molten iron resources and improving the utilization efficiency of resources and energy are helpful to reduce the environmental hazards of steelmaking system.