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  • 2020-2023  (5)
  • 2020  (5)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-11-03
    Description: 〈jats:p〉Abstract. Aerosol particles are essential constituents of the Earth's atmosphere, impacting the earth radiation balance directly by scattering and absorbing solar radiation, and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. In contrast to most greenhouse gases, aerosol particles have short atmospheric residence times, resulting in a highly heterogeneous distribution in space and time. There is a clear need to document this variability at regional scale through observations involving, in particular, the in situ near-surface segment of the atmospheric observation system. This paper will provide the widest effort so far to document variability of climate-relevant in situ aerosol properties (namely wavelength dependent particle light scattering and absorption coefficients, particle number concentration and particle number size distribution) from all sites connected to the Global Atmosphere Watch network. High-quality data from almost 90 stations worldwide have been collected and controlled for quality and are reported for a reference year in 2017, providing a very extended and robust view of the variability of these variables worldwide. The range of variability observed worldwide for light scattering and absorption coefficients, single-scattering albedo, and particle number concentration are presented together with preliminary information on their long-term trends and comparison with model simulation for the different stations. The scope of the present paper is also to provide the necessary suite of information, including data provision procedures, quality control and analysis, data policy, and usage of the ground-based aerosol measurement network. It delivers to users of the World Data Centre on Aerosol, the required confidence in data products in the form of a fully characterized value chain, including uncertainty estimation and requirements for contributing to the global climate monitoring system. 〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Das Vorhaben analysiert 1.) die Argumente verschiedener Positionen im Wachstumsdiskurs und formuliert eine idealtypische "vorsorgeorientierte Postwachstumsposition". Er präsentiert zudem Ursachen von Wirtschaftswachstum und identifiziert gesellschaftliche Bereiche, deren Funktion vom Wirtschaftswachstum abhängen könnte. Darüber hinaus werden Reformvorschläge diskutiert, um diese Wachstumsabhängigkeit zu verringern. Das Vorhaben untersucht 2.) die Relevanz der Postwachstumsdebatte für Ressourcenpolitik und eine entsprechende Instrumentierung. Außerdem werden 3.) konstitutive Kernelemente einer nachhaltigen (Postwachstums-)Gesellschaft bestimmt. Das Vorhaben setzt damit Impulse zur gesellschaftlichen Debatte über die Ausgestaltung und Instrumentierung von Transformationspfaden für "gesellschaftliches Wohlergehen innerhalb planetarer Grenzen".
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die Energiewende ist der Umstieg der Energieproduktion, -versorgung und -nutzung von nuklearen und fossilen Energieträgern auf erneuerbare Energien. Dieser tiefgreifende Wandel des über viele Jahre gewachsenen Energiesystems in Deutschland umfasst zahlreiche, hoch komplexe Aspekte und Prozesse. Aus einer eher technologischen Perspektive heraus betrachtet sind die Ziele der Energiewende eine Weiterentwicklung und Dezentralisierung des technischen Stromsystems und seiner Komponenten (Speicher, Netze, Management), die Steigerung der Energieeffizienz (bspw. in industriellen Prozessen sowie in Haushalten, durch energetische Modernisierung des Gebäudebestandes oder eine intelligentere Nutzung der Wärme) sowie die Elektrifizierung des Verkehrs. In dem vorliegenden Kapitel werden die verschiedenen Herausforderungen zur Umsetzung der Energiewende genauer beleuchtet und dargestellt und schließlich in zentrale Schlussfolgerungen zur Realisierung der Energiewende überführt.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-09-26
    Description: Ice flow models of the Antarctic ice sheet are commonly used to simulate its future evolution in response to different climate scenarios and assess the mass loss that would contribute to future sea level rise. However, there is currently no consensus on estimates of the future mass balance of the ice sheet, primarily because of differences in the representation of physical processes, forcings employed and initial states of ice sheet models. This study presents results from ice flow model simulations from 13 international groups focusing on the evolution of the Antarctic ice sheet during the period 2015–2100 as part of the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison for CMIP6 (ISMIP6). They are forced with outputs from a subset of models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), representative of the spread in climate model results. Simulations of the Antarctic ice sheet contribution to sea level rise in response to increased warming during this period varies between −7.8 and 30.0 cm of sea level equivalent (SLE) under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario forcing. These numbers are relative to a control experiment with constant climate conditions and should therefore be added to the mass loss contribution under climate conditions similar to present-day conditions over the same period. The simulated evolution of the West Antarctic ice sheet varies widely among models, with an overall mass loss, up to 18.0 cm SLE, in response to changes in oceanic conditions. East Antarctica mass change varies between −6.1 and 8.3 cm SLE in the simulations, with a significant increase in surface mass balance outweighing the increased ice discharge under most RCP 8.5 scenario forcings. The inclusion of ice shelf collapse, here assumed to be caused by large amounts of liquid water ponding at the surface of ice shelves, yields an additional simulated mass loss of 28 mm compared to simulations without ice shelf collapse. The largest sources of uncertainty come from the climate forcing, the ocean-induced melt rates, the calibration of these melt rates based on oceanic conditions taken outside of ice shelf cavities and the ice sheet dynamic response to these oceanic changes. Results under RCP 2.6 scenario based on two CMIP5 climate models show an additional mass loss of 0 and 3 cm of SLE on average compared to simulations done under present-day conditions for the two CMIP5 forcings used and display limited mass gain in East Antarctica.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Das im Auftrag des Umweltschutzamts Kiel entwickelte Zero-Waste-Konzept zeigt anhand eines umfangreichen Handlungsplans, wie Kiel zur "Zero Waste City" werden kann. Das Konzept ist die Basis für eine Zertifizierung als "Zero Waste City" - eine Auszeichnung, die der europäische Verein Zero Waste Europe vergibt. Nachdem im Jahr 2007 die italienische Gemeinde Capannori zur ersten "Zero Waste City" in Europa erklärt wurde, haben sich knapp 400 europäische Gemeinden dieser Bewegung angeschlossen. Für das Kieler Zero-Waste-Konzept stellten die Forschenden insgesamt 20 konkrete Ziele auf, die helfen, Abfall zu reduzieren, die Wiederverwendung von Produkten zu steigern und die Abfalltrennung zu verbessern. Kiels ambitioniertes Ziel: Die Stadt will die Maßnahmen, die innerhalb des Zero-Waste-Konzepts ermittelt wurden, zwischen 2025 und 2050 umsetzen und bis 2035 die Gesamtabfallmenge pro Kopf und Jahr durchschnittlich um 15 Prozent senken, die Haus- und Geschäftsabfälle - also Restabfälle - bis zum Jahr 2035 halbieren und langfristig auf 50 Kilogramm pro Kopf und Jahr reduzieren.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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