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  • Underwater acoustics  (12)
  • Climate
  • 2020-2023  (15)
  • 2005-2009
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  • 1980-1984
  • 1955-1959
  • 2020  (15)
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  • 1
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    Oceanographic and underwater acoustics research : conducted during the period 1 November 1960 - 30 April 1961 (2020)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Digital computing techniques have been used in special computing applications in underwater acoustics at WHOI for many years, but recently we have commenced intensive application of digital data handling and computing facilities to a variety of computing, data storage, and data handling problems. Progress in these applications is described under Acoustic Instrumentation below. Some bathymetric studies carried out recently under another contract have shown that even very narrow-beam, single-beam echo sounders simply cannot provide reliable depth sounding information where the topography is complex. In this work we have been experimenting with the inverted echo sounder, discussed below, originally developed to measure depth of the sound velocimeter. The inverted echo sounder is lowered to a position within a few feet of the bottom. The total acoustic travel time from surface to bottom may be read as the sum of the travel times from the instrument to the bottom and surface . True depth is then computed in the usual way with appropriate s cnmd velocity data. In its present form the inverted echo sounder is suitable for mapping ~mall areas~ a few square miles, provided there is a suitable means of positioning the instrument. We have experimented with radio-acoustic navigation, and intend to experiment with vertical triangulation from the suspending ship as well. Steady demands for new, modified, and improved instrumentation have been responded to in echo sounding, seismic profiling, and spectrum analysis, as detailed below.
    Beschreibung: Undersea Warfare Branch Office of Naval Research Under Contracts Nonr-1367(00)NR261-102 and Nonr-2129(00)NR261-104
    Schlagwort(e): Underwater acoustics ; Oceanographic instruments
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
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  • 2
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    Oceanographic and underwater acoustics research : conducted during the period 1 May 1966 - 31 October 1966 (2020)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: This i s a status report for the period 1 May 1966 to 31 October 1966 for Contract Nonr - 4029 with the Office of Naval Research. Subjects of this contract are in Oceanic Acoustics, Physical Oceanography, Sea Floor Properties and Advisory Activities. Preliminary results of a cruise by CHAIN to the Mediterranean and the Red Sea during the summer of 1966 are given. Sound-velocity and temperature structure south of Bermuda as observed from ATLANTIS II (June, July 1966) are described. Continuing analysis of acoustical and geophysical data is discussed. Papers, reports, and technical memoranda written during this period are listed.
    Beschreibung: The Undersea Warfare Branch., Office of Naval Research., under Contract.Nonr-4029(00) NR 260-101.
    Schlagwort(e): Underwater acoustics
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
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  • 3
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    Oceanographic and underwater acoustics research : conducted during the period 1 May - 31 October 1963 (2020)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: This is a report of the research program under contracts Nonr-4029 (1 May - 31 October 1963), and Nonr-3243 (1 May - 31 October 1963} . Both contracts are with the Office of Naval Research, Code 466. Contract Nonr-4029 is a continuation of Contract Nonr-1367. Under Contract Nonr-4029, ATLANTIS· II and CHAIN, in May and August, were employed in searching for the sunken submarine THRESHER by various means. Under the same contract, activities were devoted also to the development of systems or components of systems for search and for navigational control required in such operations. One system of submerged navigation was employed for locating suspended instruments by acoustic ranging from the ship. A second navigation system was also tested which depends on acoustic ranging either from the ship or from the suspended instrument to a hydrophone buoyed near the bottom. This hydrophone is connected to a radio link in a surface buoy. This system will be useful not only for navigation but also for bottom reflection studies. A program has been started to print and mount all photos taken by WHOI on the THRESHER search; it will be coordinated with other similar efforts in the continuing investigation of the disaster. Under Contracts Nonr-4029 and Nonr-3243 considerable progress has been made in other research, which is described in this report .
    Beschreibung: Submitted to Under sea Warfare Branch Office of Naval Research Under· Contracts Nonr- 4029(00)NR261-10 2 and Nonr- 3243(00) NR261-136
    Schlagwort(e): Submarine geology ; Underwater acoustics ; Oceanographic instruments
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
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  • 4
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    Sonar research conducted during the period 1 January - 31 March 1961 (2020)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: This is a report of activities supported under Contract NObsr-72521 for the period 1 January through 31 March 1961. It also contains mention of other reports, papers, and undertakings of the submarine geophysics group (listed under "Personnel") which are believed to be of interest to the Bureau of Ships. During this period no cruises have been supported directly under this contract. Eight members of the group under the leadership of Dr. Voorhis have participated in a cruise of CHAIN to the Romanche Trench. Their principal objective was to determine the sill depth which controls the exchange of deep, cold water ,between the western and eastern sides of the Atlantic Ocean. This sill was previously identified from hydrographic evidence to lie somewhat east of the Romanche Trench. A second objective was to continue the observations of temperature structure near the sea's surface with the thermistor chain. Another group, under Mr. Baxter's leadership, continued a sound transmission study in the Bermuda area in support of Project ARTEMIS. A third group, under Dr. Hays's direction, commenced a finely detailed bathymetric survey of an area of special interest to Project ARTEMIS. In all three of these studies we are making use of one or more experimental techniques in the use of sonobuoys, underwater acoustic navigation for submerged instruments, and sound coherence studies which are planned for use eventually in sound transmission and bottom reflection research under this contract.
    Beschreibung: Bureau of Ships Under Contract NObsr-72521
    Schlagwort(e): Sonar ; Underwater acoustics ; Submarine geology
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
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  • 5
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    Sonar research conducted during the period 1 October - 31 December 1961 (2020)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Research at sea during this three month period, supported by Contract NObsr-72521, was carried out mostly during the latter portion of the CHAIN Cruise 21 to the eastern Mediterranean. Near-surface sound transmission runs were made with the aid of two foreign ships in the eastern Mediterranean and Tyrrhenian Sea. Sound velocity measurements were made there also. Reverberation and back-scatter measurements using half pound explosives as sound sources were recorded on magnetic tape for future analysis. Further, at several places during the cruise acoustic reflectivity of the sea-floor was measured by means of a semi-automatic system employing the Precision Graphic Recorder and the Edo UQN Echo Sounder. Research other than that on CHAIN Cruise 21, included ambient noise studies of recorded signals from finback whales, and analysis of data from previous observations at sea.
    Beschreibung: The Bureau of Ships Under Contract NObsr - 72521
    Schlagwort(e): Sonar ; Underwater acoustics ; Submarine geology
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
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  • 6
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    Oceanographic and underwater acoustics research : conducted during the period 1 May - 31 October 1964 (2020)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Geophysical investigations were carried out aboard R /V CHAIN in the Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the North Atlantic Ocean. Observations underway were continuous seismic profiling, gravity, magnetic, and echo sounding measurements. At stations rocks were dredged, cores were taken (about 10 meters long, photographic montages of the sea floor were made, and the sound velocity of the water was measured as a function of depth. Progress is being made in filtering and correlation techniques for seismic profiling, while seismic receiving arrays were improved to make them quieter. The analysis of internal wave data is continuing, but further observations at sea will be required in order to fully understand the mechanism of propagation. Seven papers were published during this period and thirteen were submitted for publication. These papers are concerned with seismic profiling, seismic refraction profiles, sediment ponding, sound transmission, thermal fronts, and biological papers dealing with sound production by marine mammals and deep-sea fish natural history gained from bottom photographs. A new thermistor string intended to replace and improve upon the original thermistor chain was the principal new instrumental development.
    Beschreibung: Undersea Warfare Branch Office of Naval Research under Contracts Nonr-4029(00)NR260-101 and Nonr-3243(00)NR260-108
    Schlagwort(e): Submarine geology ; Underwater acoustics ; Oceanographic instruments
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
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  • 7
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    Long range sound transmission : interim report no. 1, March 1, 1944 - January 20, 1945 (2020)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Experiments are described to demonstrate a new method of sonic signalling at extremely long ranges in the oceans, utilizing the natural sound channel. Signals were made by causing a four pound charge of TNT to explode at about 4000 feet depth. These signals have the following qualities: (a) Extremely long range transmission (probably 10,000 miles). (b) Signal is positively identifiable. (c) Abrupt termination of the signal allows the arrival time to be read with an accuracy better than l/20th second. This permits location of source to better than a mile, if the signal is received at three suitably located stations. (d) The signal duration is related in such a way to the distance that the distance may be estimated to 30 miles in 1000 from reception at a single station. The limitations are: (a) It is required that the great circle path which the sound follows between source and receiver lie entirely in deep water (probably at least 1000 fathoms). (b) Sound travels in water at a speed of roughly 1 mile per second so that the interval between the origin of the signal and its reception becomes sufficiently great to be a handicap for some uses, particularly with aircraft. The signals were received to distances up to 900 miles. Two receiving arrangements have been used, a hydrophone hung 4000 feet over the side of a ship which was hove to, and a shore connected. hydrophone which lay on bottom 4000 feet deep. Extrapolation of the results indicate a range of at least 10,000 miles from this size charge. Recommendation is made to utilize a network of monitoring stations to locate planes, ships, and life rafts in distress on the open oceans. Three or more stations receiving a signal could locate the source better than one mile.
    Beschreibung: Con tract NObs - 2083, Formerly OEM: sr - 31
    Schlagwort(e): Underwater acoustics ; Sonar
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
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  • 8
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    Updated Cariaco Basin C-14 calibration dataset from 0-60 cal kyr BP (2020)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Hughen, K. A., & Heaton, T. J. Updated Cariaco Basin C-14 calibration dataset from 0-60 cal kyr BP. Radiocarbon, 62(4), (2020): 1001-1043, doi:10.1017/RDC.2020.53.
    Beschreibung: We present new updates to the calendar and radiocarbon (14C) chronologies for the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela. Calendar ages were generated by tuning abrupt climate shifts in Cariaco Basin sediments to those in speleothems from Hulu Cave. After the original Cariaco-Hulu calendar age model was published, Hulu Cave δ18O records have been augmented with increased temporal resolution and a greater number of U/Th dates. These updated Hulu Cave records provide increased accuracy as well as precision in the final Cariaco calendar age model. The depth scale for the Ocean Drilling Program Site 1002D sediment core, the primary source of samples for 14C dating, has been corrected to account for missing sediment from a core break, eliminating age-depth anomalies that afflicted the earlier calendar age models. Individual 14C dates for the Cariaco Basin remain unchanged from previous papers, although detailed comparisons of the Cariaco calibration dataset to those from Hulu Cave and Lake Suigetsu suggest that the Cariaco marine reservoir age may have shifted systematically during the past. We describe these recent changes to the Cariaco datasets and provide the data in a comprehensive format that will facilitate use by the community.
    Beschreibung: K.A. Hughen was supported by funds from U.S. NSF grant #OCE-1657191, and by the Investment in Science Fund at WHOI. T.J. Heaton is supported by a Leverhulme Trust Fellowship RF-2019-140\9, “Improving the Measurement of Time Using Radiocarbon”.
    Schlagwort(e): Calibration ; Climate ; Radiocarbon
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 9
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    A preindustrial sea-level rise hotspot along the Atlantic Coast of North America (2020)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gehrels, W. R., Dangendorf, S., Barlow, N. L. M., Saher, M. H., Long, A. J., Woodworth, P. L., Piecuch, C. G., & Berk, K. A preindustrial sea-level rise hotspot along the Atlantic Coast of North America. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(4), (2020): e2019GL085814, doi:10.1029/2019GL085814.
    Beschreibung: The Atlantic coast of North America north of Cape Hatteras has been proposed as a “hotspot” of late 20th century sea‐level rise. Here we test, using salt‐marsh proxy sea‐level records, if this coast experienced enhanced sea‐level rise over earlier multidecadal‐centennial periods. While we find in agreement with previous studies that 20th century rates of sea‐level change were higher compared to rates during preceding centuries, rates of 18th century sea‐level rise were only slightly lower, suggesting that the “hotspot” is a reoccurring feature for at least three centuries. Proxy sea‐level records from North America (Iceland) are negatively (positively) correlated with centennial changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation. They are consistent with sea‐level “fingerprints” of Arctic ice melt, and we therefore hypothesize that sea‐level fluctuations are related to changes in Arctic land‐ice mass. Predictions of future sea‐level rise should take into account these long‐term fluctuating rates of natural sea‐level change.
    Beschreibung: This work is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (grant NE/G003440/1). All radiocarbon dating was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council Radiocarbon Facility (allocations 1490.0810, 1566.0511, 1604.0112). Mark Wood assisted with fieldwork. Rob Scaife analyzed pollen data for core SN‐3.3. Sönke Dangendorf and Kevin Berk acknowledge the University of Siegen for their support within the PEPSEA project. Christopher Piecuch was supported by National Science Foundation awards OCE‐1558966 and OCE‐1834739. We thank project members Miguel Ángel Morales Maqueda, Chris Hughes, Vassil Roussenov and Ric Williams for valuable discussions. We are grateful to the International Space Science Institute (ISSI; Bern, Switzerland) for support of the International Team “Towards a unified Sea Level Record”. Data used in this paper are freely available online (https://www.doi.org/10/dgvq).
    Schlagwort(e): Sea level ; Late Holocene ; Common Era ; Climate ; Ocean
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 10
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    Trends in physical properties at the southern New England shelf break (2020)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 125(2), (2020): e2019JC015784, doi:10.1029/2019JC015784.
    Beschreibung: We analyze 11 years (2003–2013) of repeat temperature and salinity sections from across the New England shelf break south of Cape Cod during early summer (June–July). The mean sections resolved the shelf break front which supports the Shelf Break Jet, a vital component of the regional circulation. Individual sections showed a great deal of variability associated with meanders in the shelf break front consistent with previous studies in the region. Over the 11 year record, the shelf region (inshore of the 100 m isobath) warmed by 0.26 °C yr -1, with the majority of this warming occurring shallower than 20 m (0.58 °C yr -1). The full‐depth trend agrees well with previous studies of shelf warming to the north and the south of our study region. The temperature and salinity of the offshore edge of the Cold Pool Water on the shelf did not change significantly during this period. The surface warming on the shelf resulted in a decrease in near‐surface density of 0.12 kg m -3 yr -1 and an increase in stratification between 10 and 15 m of 6.7 X 10(-5) S -2 yr -1 . Offshore of the shelf break, the Slope Water also warmed and became more saline by 0.21 °C yr -1 and 0.04 yr -1 respectively, resulting in a maximal reduction in density of 0.01 kg m -3 yr -1. In the Shelf Break Front, there is some evidence of freshening and a reduction in density, which may have resulted from an offshore shift in the Cold Pool but the statistical significance is small.
    Beschreibung: We wish to thank the Sea Education Association and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for maintaining this collaboration. We also extend our warmest thanks to the numerous chief scientists, crew members, and student participants who collected the data and made this work possible. This work was supported by NSF Grants OCE‐1657853 and OCE‐1851261. G. G. was also supported by a Senior Scientist Chair from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The Jake Peirson Summer Cruises were supported using funds provided by a WHOI‐MIT Joint Program alumnus and by the WHOI Academic Programs Office. M. I. was supported by The Woods Hole Partnership Education Program, the Sea Education Association, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for her summer research work. We thank Jacob Forsyth for discussions on the seasonal variability of warming over the New Jersey shelf and warming rates for different time frames. Data used in this paper are available from the WHOI‐MBL Library (https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/handle/1912/25158, doi:10.26025/dz4w‐kk13).
    Schlagwort(e): Temperature and salinity trends ; Stratification ; New England ; Shelf Break Jet ; Climate
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 11
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    Sonar research conducted during the period 1 April - 30 June 1961 (2020)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: This is a progress report of the Institution's research between April and 30 June 1961 supported under Contract NObsr-72521 with the Bureau of Ships, Navy Department. The program consists of studies of compressional wave transmission (sound and seismic waves) through sea water and the underlying earth's crust, the ambient noise of the ocean, and the scattering of sound in the sea and beneath the ocean floor. During the present reporting period sound transmission studies have included laboratory analysis of data taken previously in a continuing program directed toward describing near-surface transmission into the shadow zone, and toward accounting for the variability of near-surface . transmission under nominally "good" sonar conditions . Seismic studies consisted of analysis of seismic refraction data taken two years ago in: the Mediterranean, completion of a report of a seismic reflection study of the southern part of Narragansett Bay, extension of this latter study into Rhode Island Sound, and a series of new measurements of the apparent reflectivity of the bottom at 12 kcps. In the sound-scattering program we accepted delivery of a small towed fish containing sound gear for scattering experiments over near-horizontal paths. This instrument was taken to sea on CHAIN for initial testing and self-noise measurements. A series of tests of new sound sources, supported under Contract Nonr-1367, have demonstrated that seismic reflection observations can be made in deep ocean basins from a ship underway slowly using only such electrically-powered sources as Thumper or Sparker. Sub-bottom structures have been mapped in fine detail experimentally in water over 2600 fathoms deep. This work was done with a Thumper having a 5000-joule electrical input . Plans have been made for increasing the electrical input of Thumper to about 13, 000 joules and Sparker to 25, 000 joules. We plan to use these new sound sources in sound transmission experiments this summer and fall in the Mediterranean Sea. As an extra-curricular hobby Miss Broughton, a technical assistant at the Institution, made interesting magnetic tape recordings of the sounds of a small pilot whale stranded on a local beach. She held microphones on the whale's head near the blow hole. The recorded sounds are rather different from those heard through the water near pilot whales. These and other parts of our work are detailed below.
    Beschreibung: Bureau of Ships Under Contract NObsr-72521
    Schlagwort(e): Sonar ; Underwater acoustics ; Submarine geology
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
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  • 12
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    Oceanographic and underwater acoustics research conducted during the period 1 May 1961-31 October 1961 (2020)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: This is a status report for the six-month's period indicated. It includes the closing phase of a long cruise of CHAIN to the Mediterranean Sea during which circulation of the waters of the eastern Mediterranean were studied and sound transmission, seismic reflection, and shallow thermal structure measurements were made at various places in the Mediterranean and the North Atlantic. During the remainder of the period various geophysical, geological, and hydroacoustical analyses were conducted at Woods Hole and preparations for the summer cruising season were made.
    Beschreibung: The Undersea Warfare Branch Office of Naval Research Under Contracts Nonr - 1367 (OO)NR261-102 and Nonr-2129(00)NR261-104
    Schlagwort(e): Underwater acoustics
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
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  • 13
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    Oceanographic and underwater acoustics research conducted during the period 1 May 1961-31 October 1961 (2020)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Research during this six month period was performed during cruises of the CHAIN to the Romanche Trench, to the Puerto Rico Trench, and to the Mediterranean Sea, and during a cruise of the BEAR to the Gulf of Maine. New instrumentation aboard the CHAIN included the 12, 000 joule Boomer and a 25, 000 joule Sparker for continuous Seismic reflection profiles and other research in hydroacoustics. A semiautomatic data recording system for shipboard use was in.stalled and operated by IBM and, to facilitate launching and retrieving deep gear, a closed circuit television system was used . Also the navigational system, GEON, was installed and tested. Prior to the cruises of the summer and fall redesign and refinement of the instrumentation and equipment entailed overhaul of the thermistor chain and contouring temperature recorder, modification of the heat probe for thermal gradient measurements to lessen lowering time, and improvement of the inverted echo-sounding equipment. Research at sea included collecting samples of rock and sediment and photographing the ocean floor in support of research into the structure and dynamics of the Romanche and Puerto Rico Trenches and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge , observing internal waves in the North Atlantic studying water circulation in the Mediterranean, the dynamics of flow through the Strait of Gibraltar (concentrating this year on internal waves there), observing the behavior and measuring the sound scattering properties of deep scattering layers in the Mediterranean, measuring heat flow from the inner Earth across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and in the western Mediterranean, and studying the relationship between sound transmission and the physical properties of the water and sea floor in the eastern Mediterranean. At Woods Hole various analysis programs progressed. Several of these used programs of digital computing which have been prepared lately at Woods Hole. The precision time source for remote control reported earlier was improved and tested ashore. A tape recording system for Scuba divers was devised and tested satisfactorily in thirty feet of water.
    Beschreibung: Undersea Warfare Branch Office of Naval Research Contracts Nonr-1367(00)NR 261-102 and Nonr-2129(00)NR 261-104
    Schlagwort(e): Underwater acoustics
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
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  • 14
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    Predicting sonic pulse shapes of underwater spark discharges (2020)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Measurements of the acoustic pressure of spark discharges were made at a shallow depth (10 feet) for various voltages, stored energies, inductances and capacitances of the system, and electrode areas. The voltages ranged from 1500 V to 11 KV, and the energy storing capacitances from 8 to 800 ufd. In this range the peak pressure observed was proportional to peak current and the decay constant of the pressure-time curve was essentially the same as the electrical discharge decay constant.
    Beschreibung: Office of Naval Research under Contract Nonr 1 367(00) NR 261-103
    Schlagwort(e): Sound pressure ; Underwater acoustics
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
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  • 15
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    Oceanographic and underwater acoustics research : conducted during the period 1 May - 31 October 1965 (2020)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: This progress report contains findings in 1) physical oceanography, 2) marine biology, 3) geology and geophysics, and 4) hydroacoustics. 1) Long-period internal waves are deduced from sound-velocity data between Bermuda and the Antilles . The region of the thermal front (usually found near 30°N) was thought on one occasion to be a generator of internal waves. 2) Midwater fishes were four times more abundant north of the front than south and midwater reverberation levels varied similarly. 3) Evidence obtained southeast of Charleston, S.C. shows that the continental shelf has been building out over the Blake Plateau. The gravity characteristics of many major rifts of the world reveal that as the width of the rift increases, the Bouguer anomalies become increasingly positive. 4) Observations support the hypothesis that diffraction effects are required to explain the sound propagation in convergence zones in the Mediterranean. A major engineering accomplishment was the installation and use of Sea Spider on the Blake Plateau. Sea Spider is a near motionless platform for scientific measurements in the deep ocean. The development of an automatic digital depth-reading system for use with echo sounders on ships were successfully completed, improvements in seismic profiling techniques were made, and special coherency studies of towed hydrophone array noise have progressed.
    Beschreibung: Undersea Warfare Branch Office of Naval Re search under Contract Nonr-4029(00) NR 260-101
    Schlagwort(e): Submarine geology ; Underwater acoustics ; Oceanographic instruments ; Blake Plateau
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
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