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  • Wiley  (37)
  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • 2020-2023  (37)
  • 2010-2014
  • 2020  (37)
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  • 1
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    Coupled genomic evolutionary histories as signatures of organismal innovations in cephalopods: co-evolutionary signatures across levels of genome organization may shed light on functional linkage and origin of cephalopod novelties (2020)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-27
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Ritschard, E. A., Whitelaw, B., Albertin, C. B., Cooke, I. R., Strugnell, J. M., & Simakov, O. Coupled genomic evolutionary histories as signatures of organismal innovations in cephalopods: co-evolutionary signatures across levels of genome organization may shed light on functional linkage and origin of cephalopod novelties. BioEssays, 41, (2019): 1900073, doi: 10.1002/bies.201900073.
    Beschreibung: How genomic innovation translates into organismal organization remains largely unanswered. Possessing the largest invertebrate nervous system, in conjunction with many species‐specific organs, coleoid cephalopods (octopuses, squids, cuttlefishes) provide exciting model systems to investigate how organismal novelties evolve. However, dissecting these processes requires novel approaches that enable deeper interrogation of genome evolution. Here, the existence of specific sets of genomic co‐evolutionary signatures between expanded gene families, genome reorganization, and novel genes is posited. It is reasoned that their co‐evolution has contributed to the complex organization of cephalopod nervous systems and the emergence of ecologically unique organs. In the course of reviewing this field, how the first cephalopod genomic studies have begun to shed light on the molecular underpinnings of morphological novelty is illustrated and their impact on directing future research is described. It is argued that the application and evolutionary profiling of evolutionary signatures from these studies will help identify and dissect the organismal principles of cephalopod innovations. By providing specific examples, the implications of this approach both within and beyond cephalopod biology are discussed.
    Beschreibung: E.A.R. and O.S. are supported by the Austrian Science Fund (Grant No. P30686‐B29). E.A.R. is supported by Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (Naples, Italy) PhD Program. The authors wish to thank Graziano Fiorito (SZN, Italy), Hannah Schmidbaur (University of Vienna, Austria), Thomas Hummel (University of Vienna, Austria) for many insightful comments and reading of the draft manuscript. The authors would like to apologize to all colleagues whose work has been omitted due to space constraints.
    Schlagwort(e): Cephalopod ; Gene duplication ; Genome rearrangement ; Novel gene ; Organismal innovation
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 2
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    Wound healing across the animal kingdom: Crosstalk between the immune system and the extracellular matrix (2020)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-27
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Arenas Gómez, Claudia M., Sabin, K. Z., & Echeverri, K. Wound healing across the animal kingdom: Crosstalk between the immune system and the extracellular matrix. Developmental Dynamics, (2020): 1-13, doi:10.1002/dvdy.178.
    Beschreibung: Tissue regeneration is widespread in the animal kingdom. To date, key roles for different molecular and cellular programs in regeneration have been described, but the ultimate blueprint for this talent remains elusive. In animals capable of tissue regeneration, one of the most crucial stages is wound healing, whose main goal is to close the wound and prevent infection. In this stage, it is necessary to avoid scar formation to facilitate the activation of the immune system and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, key factors in promoting tissue regeneration. In this review, we will discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the role of the immune system and the interplay with the extracellular matrix to trigger a regenerative response.
    Beschreibung: The research in the Echeverri lab is supported NIH NCID R01 to Karen Echeverri and start‐up funds from the MBL. Keith Z. Sabin has been supported by an NIH T32 GM113846 grant.
    Schlagwort(e): Extracellular matrix ; Immune system ; Regeneration ; Wound healing
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 3
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    Using excess 3He to estimate Southern Ocean upwelling time scales (2020)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 47(15), (2020): e2020GL087266, doi:10.1029/2020GL087266.
    Beschreibung: Using a recently compiled global marine data set of dissolved helium isotopes and helium and neon concentrations, we make an estimate of the inventory of hydrothermal 3He in the Southern Ocean to be 4.9 ± 0.6 × 104 moles. Under the assumption that the bulk of the hydrothermally sourced 3He is upwelled there, we use recent estimates of the global hydrothermal 3He flux to determine an e‐folding residence time of 99 ± 18 years, depending on assumptions of water mass and upwelling boundaries. Our estimate is within the broad range of values obtained from recent Southern Ocean circulation models.
    Beschreibung: This work was funded under the auspices of the U.S. National Science Foundation's Grant OCE‐1756138.
    Beschreibung: 2021-02-04
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrothermal budgets ; Meridional overturning circulation ; Marine productivity ; Micronutrients ; Dissolved iron ; Southern Ocean upwelling
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 4
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    Exceptionally warm and prolonged flow of warm deep water toward the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf in 2017 (2020)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Ryan, S., Hellmer, H. H., Janout, M., Darelius, E., Vignes, L., & Schroeder, M. Exceptionally warm and prolonged flow of warm deep water toward the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf in 2017. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(13),(2020): e2020GL088119, doi:10.1029/2020GL088119.
    Beschreibung: The Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf, fringing the southern Weddell Sea, is Antarctica's second largest ice shelf. At present, basal melt rates are low due to active dense water formation; however, model projections suggest a drastic increase in the future due to enhanced inflow of open‐ocean warm water. Mooring observations from 2014 to 2016 along the eastern flank of the Filchner Trough (76°S) revealed a distinct seasonal cycle with inflow if Warm Deep Water during summer and autumn. Here we present extended time series showing an exceptionally warm and long inflow in 2017, with maximum temperatures exceeding 0.5°C. Warm temperatures persisted throughout winter, associated with a fresh anomaly, which lead to a change in stratification over the shelf, favoring an earlier inflow in the following summer. We suggest that the fresh anomaly developed upstream after anomalous summer sea ice melting and contributed to a shoaling of the shelf break thermocline.
    Beschreibung: The authors would like to express their gratitude to the officers and crews of RV Polarstern (cruises PS92 [Grant AWI_PS82_02], PS96 [Grant AWI_PS96_01], and PS111 [Grant AWI_PS111_01]), RRS Ernest Shackleton (Cruise ES060), and RSS James Clark Ross (Cruise JR16004) for their efficient assistance. E. D. received funding from the project TOBACO (267660), POLARPROG, Norges Forskningsrd.
    Schlagwort(e): Ocean-ice shelf interaction ; Weddell Sea ; Warm inflow ; Antarctic Slope Front ; Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 5
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    Lipid biomarker record documents hydroclimatic variability of the Mississippi River Basin during the common era (2020)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Munoz, S. E., Porter, T. J., Bakkelund, A., Nusbaumer, J., Dee, S. G., Hamilton, B., Giosan, L., & Tierney, J. E. Lipid biomarker record documents hydroclimatic variability of the Mississippi River Basin during the common era. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(12), (2020): e2020GL087237, doi:10.1029/2020GL087237.
    Beschreibung: Floods and droughts in the Mississippi River basin are perennial hazards that cause severe economic disruption. Here we develop and analyze a new lipid biomarker record from Horseshoe Lake (Illinois, USA) to evaluate the climatic conditions associated with hydroclimatic extremes that occurred in this region over the last 1,800 years. We present geochemical proxy evidence of temperature and moisture variability using branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) and plant leaf wax hydrogen isotopic composition (δ2Hwax) and use isotope‐enabled coupled model simulations to diagnose the controls on these proxies. Our data show pronounced warming during the Medieval era (CE 1000–1,600) that corresponds to midcontinental megadroughts. Severe floods on the upper Mississippi River basin also occurred during the Medieval era and correspond to periods of enhanced warm‐season moisture. Our findings imply that projected increases in temperature and warm‐season precipitation could enhance both drought and flood hazards in this economically vital region.
    Beschreibung: This project was supported by grants to S. E. M and L. G. (NSF EAR‐1804107), T. J. P. (NSERC Discovery Grant), and S. G. D. (NOAA‐NA18OAR4310427).
    Schlagwort(e): Lipid biomarker ; Leaf wax ; BrGDGT ; Common Era ; Paleoclimate ; Hydroclimate
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 6
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    Arctic amplification of global warming strengthened by sunlight oxidation of permafrost carbon to CO2 (2020)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Bowen, J. C., Ward, C. P., Kling, G. W., & Cory, R. M. Arctic amplification of global warming strengthened by sunlight oxidation of permafrost carbon to CO2. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(12), (2020): e2020GL087085, doi:10.1029/2020GL087085.
    Beschreibung: Once thawed, up to 15% of the ∼1,000 Pg of organic carbon (C) in arctic permafrost soils may be oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) by 2,100, amplifying climate change. However, predictions of this amplification strength ignore the oxidation of permafrost C to CO2 in surface waters (photomineralization). We characterized the wavelength dependence of permafrost dissolved organic carbon (DOC) photomineralization and demonstrate that iron catalyzes photomineralization of old DOC (4,000–6,300 a BP) derived from soil lignin and tannin. Rates of CO2 production from photomineralization of permafrost DOC are twofold higher than for modern DOC. Given that model predictions of future net loss of ecosystem C from thawing permafrost do not include the loss of CO2 to the atmosphere from DOC photomineralization, current predictions of an average of 208 Pg C loss by 2,299 may be too low by ~14%.
    Beschreibung: This research was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER 1351745 (R.M.C.), DEB 1637459 and 1754835 (G.W.K.), the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Postdoctoral Program in Environmental Chemistry (R.M.C. and C.P.W.), the Frank and Lisina Hock Endowed Fund (C.P.W.), and the NOSAMS Graduate Student Internship Program (J.C.B.).
    Schlagwort(e): Photochemistry ; Permafrost ; Arctic ; Carbon cycling ; Dissolved organic carbon
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 7
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    Evaluation of alkenones, a renewably sourced, plant-derived wax as a structuring agent for lipsticks (2020)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Huynh, A., Maktabi, B., Reddy, C. M., O'Neil, G. W., Chandler, M., & Baki, G. Evaluation of alkenones, a renewably sourced, plant-derived wax as a structuring agent for lipsticks. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, (2020), doi:10.1111/ics.12597.
    Beschreibung: OBJECTIVE Waxes are used as structuring agents in lipsticks. There are a variety of waxes combined in a single lipstick to provide good stability, pleasant texture and good pay‐off. Due to a significant growth for natural, green and sustainable products, there is a constant search for alternatives to animal‐derived and petroleum‐derived ingredients. In this study, a green, non‐animalderived wax, namely long‐chain ketones (referred to as alkenones), sourced from marine microalgae was formulated into lipsticks and evaluated as a structuring agent. METHODS Alkenones were used as a substitute for microcrystalline wax, ozokerite and candelilla wax, typical structuring agents. In total, 384 lipsticks were formulated: L1 (control, no alkenones), L2 (alkenones as a substitute for ozokerite), L3 (alkenones as a substitute for microcrystalline wax) and L4 (alkenones as a substitute for candelilla wax). Products were tested for hardness (bending force), stiffness, firmness (needle penetration), pay‐off (using a texture analyser and a consumer panel), friction, melting point and stability for 12 weeks at 25 and 45°C. RESULTS Alkenones influenced each characteristic evaluated. In general, lipsticks with alkenones (L2‐L4) became softer and easier to bend compared to the control (L1). In terms of firmness, lipsticks were similar to the control, except for L4, which was significantly (P 〈 0.05) firmer. The effect on pay‐off was not consistent. L2 and L3 had higher pay‐off to skin and fabric than L1. In addition, L4 had the lowest amount transferred, but it still had the highest colour intensity on skin. Alkenones influenced friction (glide) positively; the average friction decreased for L2‐L4. The lowest friction (i.e. best glide) was shown in L4. Melting point of the lipsticks was lower when alkenones were present. Overall, L4, containing 7% of 4 alkenones in combination with microcrystalline wax, ozokerite and carnauba wax, was found to have the most desirable attributes, including ease of bending, high level of firmness, low pay‐off in terms of amount, high colour intensity on skin and low friction (i.e. better glide). Consumers preferred L4 the most overall. CONCLUSION Results of this study indicate that alkenones offer a sustainable, non‐animal and non‐petroleum‐derived choice as a structuring agent for lipsticks.
    Beschreibung: The authors would like to thank Texture Technologies for the technical assistance provided during this project. This research was funded by the Washington Research Foundation and a private donor from friends of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, grant number N‐127244.
    Schlagwort(e): Colour cosmetics ; Formulation/stability ; Statistics ; Alkenones ; Lipstick
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 8
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    Debris cover on thaw slumps and its insulative role in a warming climate (2020)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Wiley, ISSN: 0197-9337
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-21
    Beschreibung: Thaw slumps in ice‐rich permafrost can retreat tens of metres per summer, driven by the melt of subaerially exposed ground ice. However, some slumps retain an ice‐veneering debris cover as they retreat. A quantitative understanding of the thermal regime and geomorphic evolution of debris‐covered slumps in a warming climate is largely lacking. To characterize the thermal regime, we instrumented four debris‐covered slumps in the Canadian Low Arctic and developed a numerical conduction‐based model. The observed surface temperatures 20°C and steep thermal gradients indicate that debris insulates the ice by shifting the energy balance towards radiative and turbulent losses. After the model was calibrated and validated with field observations, it predicted sub‐debris ice melt to decrease four‐fold from 1.9 to 0.5 m as the thickness of the fine‐grained debris quadruples from 0.1 to 0.4 m. With warming temperatures, melt is predicted to increase most rapidly, in relative terms, for thick (~0.5‐1.0 m) debris covers. The morphology and evolution of the debris‐covered slumps were characterized using field and remote sensing observations, which revealed differences in association with morphology and debris composition. Two low‐angle slumps retreated continually despite their persistent fine‐grained debris covers. The observed elevation losses decreased from ~1.0 m/yr where debris thickness ~.2 m to 0.1 m/yr where thickness ~1.0 m. Conversely, a steep slump with a coarse‐grained debris veneer underwent short‐lived bursts of retreat, hinting at a complex interplay of positive and negative feedback processes. The insulative protection and behaviour of debris vary significantly with factors such as thickness, grain size and climate: debris thus exerts a fundamental, spatially variable influence on slump trajectories in a warming climate.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
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    Multitemporal terrestrial laser scanning point clouds for thaw subsidence observation at Arctic permafrost monitoring sites (2020)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Wiley, ISSN: 0197-9337
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-21
    Beschreibung: This paper investigates different methods for quantifying thaw subsidence using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds. Thaw subsidence is a slow (millimetre to centimetre per year) vertical displacement of the ground surface common in ice‐rich permafrost‐underlain landscapes. It is difficult to quantify thaw subsidence in tundra areas as they often lack stable reference frames. Also, there is no solid ground surface to serve as a basis for elevation measurements, due to a continuous moss–lichen cover. We investigate how an expert‐driven method improves the accuracy of benchmark measurements at discrete locations within two sites using multitemporal TLS data of a 1‐year period. Our method aggregates multiple experts’ determination of the ground surface in 3D point clouds, collected in a web‐based tool. We then compare this to the performance of a fully automated ground surface determination method. Lastly, we quantify ground surface displacement by directly computing multitemporal point cloud distances, thereby extending thaw subsidence observation to an area‐based assessment. Using the expert‐driven quantification as reference, we validate the other methods, including in‐situ benchmark measurements from a conventional field survey. This study demonstrates that quantifying the ground surface using 3D point clouds is more accurate than the field survey method. The expert‐driven method achieves an accuracy of 0.1 ± 0.1 cm. Compared to this, in‐situ benchmark measurements by single surveyors yield an accuracy of 0.4 ± 1.5 cm. This difference between the two methods is important, considering an observed displacement of 1.4 cm at the sites. Thaw subsidence quantification with the fully automatic benchmark‐based method achieves an accuracy of 0.2 ± 0.5 cm and direct point cloud distance computation an accuracy of 0.2 ± 0.9 cm. The range in accuracy is largely influenced by properties of vegetation structure at locations within the sites. The developed methods enable a link of automated quantification and expert judgement for transparent long‐term monitoring of permafrost subsidence.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
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    Respiration cycle duration and seawater flux through open blowholes of humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) and North Atlantic right (Eubalaena glacialis) whales (2020)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-20
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Martins, M. C. I., Miller, C., Hamilton, P., Robbins, J., Zitterbart, D. P., & Moore, M. Respiration cycle duration and seawater flux through open blowholes of humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) and North Atlantic right (Eubalaena glacialis) whales. Marine Mammal Science, (2020): 1-20, doi:10.1111/mms.12703.
    Beschreibung: Little is known about the dynamics of baleen whale respiratory cycles, especially the mechanics and activity of the blowholes and their interaction with seawater. In this study, the duration of complete respiration cycles (expiration/inhalation events) were quantified for the first time in two species: North Atlantic right whale (NARW) and humpback whale (HW) using high resolution, detailed imagery from an unoccupied aerial system (UAS). The mean duration of complete respiration cycles (expiration/inhalation event) in the NARW and HW were 3.07 s (SD = 0.503, n = 15) and 2.85 s (SD = 0.581, n = 21), respectively. Furthermore, we saw no significant differences in respiration cycle duration between age and sex classes in the NARW, but significant differences were observed between age classes in the HW. The observation of seawater covering an open blowhole was also quantified, with NARW having 20% of all breaths with seawater presence versus 90% in HW. Seawater incursion has not been described previously and challenges the general consensus that water does not enter the respiratory tract in baleen whales. Prevalent seawater has implications for the analysis and interpretation of exhaled respiratory vapor/mucosa samples, as well as for the potential inhalation of oil in spills.
    Beschreibung: Samples were collected under NMFS NOAA Permits 17355, 17355‐01, and 21371, and with approval from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Funding by Ocean Life Institute of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, NOAA NA14OAR4320158 and University College London Master of Research in Biodiversity, Evolution and Conservation program.
    Schlagwort(e): Humpback whale ; North Atlantic right whale ; Respiratory cycle ; Respiratory health ; Unoccupied aerial systems
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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