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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Hahn, L. C., Storelvmo, T., Hofer, S., Parfitt, R., & Ummenhofer, C. C. Importance of Orography for Greenland cloud and melt response to atmospheric blocking. Journal of Climate, 33(10), (2020): 4187-4206, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0527.1.
    Description: More frequent high pressure conditions associated with atmospheric blocking episodes over Greenland in recent decades have been suggested to enhance melt through large-scale subsidence and cloud dissipation, which allows more solar radiation to reach the ice sheet surface. Here we investigate mechanisms linking high pressure circulation anomalies to Greenland cloud changes and resulting cloud radiative effects, with a focus on the previously neglected role of topography. Using reanalysis and satellite data in addition to a regional climate model, we show that anticyclonic circulation anomalies over Greenland during recent extreme blocking summers produce cloud changes dependent on orographic lift and descent. The resulting increased cloud cover over northern Greenland promotes surface longwave warming, while reduced cloud cover in southern and marginal Greenland favors surface shortwave warming. Comparison with an idealized model simulation with flattened topography reveals that orographic effects were necessary to produce area-averaged decreasing cloud cover since the mid-1990s and the extreme melt observed in the summer of 2012. This demonstrates a key role for Greenland topography in mediating the cloud and melt response to large-scale circulation variability. These results suggest that future melt will depend on the pattern of circulation anomalies as well as the shape of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
    Description: This research was supported by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Summer Student Fellow program, by the U.S. National Science Foundation under AGS-1355339 to C.C.U., and by the European Research Council through Grant 758005.
    Keywords: Ice sheets ; Blocking ; Cloud cover ; Topographic effects ; Climate change ; Climate variability
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Proshutinsky, A., Krishfield, R., Toole, J. M., Timmermans, M-L., Williams, W. J., Zimmermann, S., Yamamoto-Kawai, M., Armitage, T. W. K., Dukhovskoy, D., Golubeva, E., Manucharyan, G. E., Platov, G., Watanabe, E., Kikuchi, T., Nishino, S., Itoh, M., Kang, S-H., Cho, K-H., Tateyama, K., & Zhao, J. Analysis of the Beaufort Gyre freshwater content in 2003-2018. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 124(12), (2019): 9658-9689, doi:10.1029/2019JC015281.
    Description: Hydrographic data collected from research cruises, bottom‐anchored moorings, drifting Ice‐Tethered Profilers, and satellite altimetry in the Beaufort Gyre region of the Arctic Ocean document an increase of more than 6,400 km3 of liquid freshwater content from 2003 to 2018: a 40% growth relative to the climatology of the 1970s. This fresh water accumulation is shown to result from persistent anticyclonic atmospheric wind forcing (1997–2018) accompanied by sea ice melt, a wind‐forced redirection of Mackenzie River discharge from predominantly eastward to westward flow, and a contribution of low salinity waters of Pacific Ocean origin via Bering Strait. Despite significant uncertainties in the different observations, this study has demonstrated the synergistic value of having multiple diverse datasets to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of Beaufort Gyre freshwater content variability. For example, Beaufort Gyre Observational System (BGOS) surveys clearly show the interannual increase in freshwater content, but without satellite or Ice‐Tethered Profiler measurements, it is not possible to resolve the seasonal cycle of freshwater content, which in fact is larger than the year‐to‐year variability, or the more subtle interannual variations.
    Description: National Science Foundation. Grant Numbers: PLR‐1302884,OPP‐1719280, and OPP‐1845877, PLR‐1303644 and OPP‐1756100, OPP‐1756100, PLR‐1303644, OPP‐1845877, OPP‐1719280, PLR‐1302884 Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China. Grant Number: 41330960 Global Change Research Program of China. Grant Number: 2015CB953900 Ministry of Education, Korea Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) /Earth Observation Research Center (EORC) Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT) Stanback Postdoctoral Fellowship Russian Foundation for Basic Research. Grant Number: 17‐05‐00382 Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences HYCOM NOPP. Grant Number: N00014‐15‐1‐2594 DOE. Grant Number: DE‐SC0014378 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Keywords: Beaufort Gyre ; Arctic Ocean ; Freshwater balance ; Circulation ; Modeling ; Climate change
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 46(16), (2019): 9851-9860, doi:10.1029/2019GL083726.
    Description: Coral reef calcification is expected to decline due to climate change stressors such as ocean acidification and warming. Projections of future coral reef health are based on our understanding of the environmental drivers that affect calcification and dissolution. One such driver that may impact coral reef health is heterotrophy of oceanic‐sourced particulate organic matter, but its link to calcification has not been directly investigated in the field. In this study, we estimated net ecosystem calcification and oceanic particulate organic carbon (POCoc) uptake across the Kāne'ohe Bay barrier reef in Hawai'i. We show that higher rates of POCoc uptake correspond to greater net ecosystem calcification rates, even under low aragonite saturation states (Ωar). Hence, reductions in offshore productivity may negatively impact coral reefs by decreasing the food supply required to sustain calcification. Alternatively, coral reefs that receive ample inputs of POCoc may maintain higher calcification rates, despite a global decline in Ωar.
    Description: Data needed for calculations are available in the supporting information. Additional data can be provided upon request directly from the corresponding author or accessed by links provided in the supporting information. The authors declare no competing financial interests. We thank Texas Sea Grant for providing partial funding for this project to A. Kealoha through the Grants‐In‐Aid of Graduate Research Program. We also thank the NOAA Nancy Foster Scholarship for PhD program funding to A. Kealoha and Texas A&M University for funds awarded to Shamberger that supported this work. This research was also supported by funding from National Science Foundation Grant OCE‐1538628 to Rappé. The Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (particularly the Rappé Lab and Jason Jones), NOAA's Coral Reef Ecosystem Program, Connie Previti, Serena Smith, and Chris Maupin were instrumental in sample collection and data analysis.
    Description: 2020-02-22
    Keywords: Coral reefs ; Ocean acidification ; Climate change ; Heterotrophy
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-10-21
    Description: These data files and MATLAB scripts reproduce the model data and figures as published in Bramante et al. (in prep) Modeling the impacts of a changing climate on cross-shore sediment transport: Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands.
    Description: Atoll reef islands primarily consist of unconsolidated sediment, and their ocean-facing shorelines are maintained by sediment produced and transported across their reefs. Changes in incident waves can alter cross-shore sediment exchange and thus affect the sediment budget and morphology of atoll reef islands. Here we investigate the influence of sea-level rise and projected wave climate change on wave characteristics and cross-shore sediment transport across an atoll reef at Kwajalein Island, Republic of the Marshall Islands. Using a phase-resolving model, we quantify the influence on sediment transport of quantities not well-captured by wave-averaged models, namely wave asymmetry and skewness and flow acceleration. Model results suggest that for current reef geometry, sea level, and wave climate, potential bedload transport is directed onshore, decreases from the fore reef to the beach, and is sensitive to the influence of flow acceleration. We find that a projected 12% decrease in annual wave energy by 2100 CE has negligible influence on reef flat hydrodynamics. However, 0.5-2.0 m of sea-level rise increases wave heights, skewness, and shear stress on the reef flat, and decreases wave skewness and shear stress on the fore reef. These hydrodynamic changes decrease potential sediment inputs onshore from the fore reef where coral production is greatest, but increase potential cross-reef sediment transport from the outer reef flat to the beach. Assuming sediment production on the fore reef remains constant or decreases due to increasing ocean temperatures and acidification, these processes have the potential to decrease net sediment delivery to atoll islands, causing erosion.
    Description: This project was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program through awards SERDP RC-2334 and RC-2336.
    Keywords: Climate change ; Sediment transport ; Wave model ; Fringing reef
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 5
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-07
    Description: Freshwater ecosystems are changing their natural conditions, influenced and accelerated by human activities. These processes are capable of changing the hydrological regime and the composition of the communities, letting the future of aquatic biodiversity unknown. The construction of dams has been one of the main factors responsible for environmental changes, such as nutrients depletion, increased water transparency and loss of biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems. The aim of our study was to analyze the functional and taxonomic dissimilarity of the zooplankton community and its drivers in response to the effect of the hydrological cycle (drought and rainy), in two highly distinct floodplains, the Upper Paraná River (river with a cascade of dams) and the Amazon. A total of 72 samples were collected (16 AMA dry and 16 on rainy and 20 PAR dry and 20 on rainy) from zooplankton communities as the response variable, phytoplankton as a predictor of food, fish as a predictor of potential predators and limnological variables. Were calculated β-Total diversity and partitioned in the components β-Repl and β-Rich (taxonomic and functional approach). We expect that environmental heterogeneity is going to drive higher values of beta diversity. In sequence, distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) was calculated using the distance matrices generated in the functional and taxonomic beta to assess which are the determinants of zooplankton beta diversity. Thus, we hypothesized that biotic interactions will have stronger relationships with zooplankton dissimilarity during the drought and, limnological variables and spatial component will be more important during rainy season. Greater environmental heterogeneity was found in the Amazon floodplain and also in the dry season. The beta functional and taxonomic diversity of zooplankton showed a similar relationship between the floodplains and between the hydrological periods, represented by the β-Repl component, except for the drought season in the Upper Paraná River, where the functional diversity showed the lowest values, undetected by the taxonomic approach. The factors that influenced the zooplankton beta functional and taxonomic diversity in the two floodplains were different depending on the hydrological period, reflecting once again the difference in environmental heterogeneity and the strength of hydrodynamics within each plain. The analysis of the species and functional traits distribution and, which are the variables structuring this distribution is extremely important to analyze ecosystem processes and services, especially in impacted environments such as the Upper Paraná River floodplain, and a floodplain so biodiverse as the Amazon, and even so, with the prediction of the construction of numerous dams in its hydrographic basin. We reinforce the importance of periodic flooding in these floodplains, for the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem services over time, and in this way, prevent biotic homogenization, and consequently, conserve these aquatic ecosystems.
    Description: Os ecossistemas de água doce estão passando por frequentes alterações nas suas condições naturais, influenciadas e aceleradas por atividades humanas. Esses processos são capazes de alterar o regime hidrológico e a composição das comunidades, deixando cada vez mais incerto o futuro da biodiversidade aquática. A construção de barramentos tem sido um dos principais responsáveis por modificações ambientais, como a redução de nutrientes, o aumento da transparência da água e a perda de biodiversidade em ecossistemas dulcícolas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a dissimilaridade funcional e taxonômica da comunidade zooplanctônica e seus determinantes em resposta ao efeito do ciclo hidrológico (seca e chuva) em duas planícies de inundação altamente distintas, a planície do alto rio Paraná (rio com cascata de barramentos) e planície Amazônica. Foram coletadas 72 amostras (16 na seca e 16 na cheia na planície Amazônica e 20 na seca e 20 na cheia na palnície do alto rio Paraná) das comunidades de zooplâncton como variável resposta, de fitoplâncton como variável preditora de alimentação, de peixes como preditor de potenciais predadores e as variáveis limnológicas. Foram calculadas a diversidade β-Total e particionada nos componentes β-Repl e β-Rich em uma abordagem taxonômica e funcional, e espera-se que a heterogeneidade ambiental conduza a maiores valores de diversidade beta. Na sequência, foi calculada através das matrizes de distância geradas na beta funcional e taxonômica a análise de redundância baseada em distância (db-RDA) para avaliar quais os determinantes da diversidade beta. Assim, foi hipotetizado que as interações bióticas apresentarão relações mais fortes com a dissimilaridade zooplanctônica na seca e as variáveis limnológicas e o espaço na cheia. Foi encontrada uma maior heterogeneidade ambiental na planície Amazônica e também no período de seca. A diversidade beta funcional e taxonômica do zooplâncton apresentou uma relação semelhante entre as planícies e entre os períodoshidrológicos, representados pelo componente β-Repl, exceto pelo período de seca na planície do alto rio Paraná onde a diversidade funcional apresentou os menores valores, não detectado pela abordagem taxonômica. Os fatores que influenciaram a diversidade beta funcional e taxonômica zooplanctônica nas duas planícies de inundação foram bem distintos dependendo do período hidrológico, refletindo mais uma vez a diferença na heterogeneidade ambiental e na força da hidrodinâmica dentro de cada planície. A análise da distribuição das espécies e dos traços funcionais, e de quais variáveis estruturam essa distribuição é de extrema importância para analisar os processos e serviços ecossistêmicos, especialmente em ambientes impactados como a planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, e uma planície tão biodiversa como a Amazônica e, mesmo assim, com previsão de construção de inúmeros barramentos em sua bacia hidrográfica. Reforça-se a importância da inundação periódica nessas planícies, para a manutenção da biodiversidade e dos serviços ecossistêmicos ao longo do tempo e, desta forma, prevenir a homogeneização biótica, e consequentemente, a conservação dos ecossistemas aquáticos.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Zooplâncton de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Diversidades beta taxonômica e funcional ; Planícies de inundação ; Floodplain ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::Y::Zooplankton ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::S::Species diversity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 56pp.
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  • 6
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-05
    Description: Although several studies have dealt with the description of morphological characters in Cichlidae, usually aiming for phylogenetic inference, little attention has been given to their musculature. The complete striated musculature of a cichlid species, Geophagus sveni Lucinda, Lucena & Assis, was described for the first time, with illustrations of all muscles and a protocol for the dissection of specimens. The striated musculature of at least of species of each genus in tribe Geophagini, among other cichlids, was compared, and 98 characters were described with the purpose of analysing their relation with the group’s phylogeny. This character matrix was employed to produce two unconstrained phylogenetic analyses, one weighted and the other unweighted. The myological characters were mapped upon a pre-existing phylogenetic hypothesis, for understanding the correlation among the characters and trophic specialisations of each taxon. The conclusion is that Geophagini specialised in sifting substrate (winnowers) tend to present a few convergent adaptations, manifested in the shape and degree of development of muscles such as adductor mandibulae, levator arcus palatini, dilatator operculi, adductor branchialis 1 and obliqui ventrales 1–2. This study facilitates future investigations on the functions of the striated muscles in fishes and their role in the processes of adaptive radiation, i.e., functional diversification.
    Description: Apesar de diversos estudos terem tratado da descrição de caracteres morfológicos em Cichlidae, geralmente para fins de inferência filogenética, muito pouco se estudou sobre sua musculatura. Descreveu-se, pela primeira vez, a musculatura estriada completa de uma espécie de ciclídeo, Geophagus sveni Lucinda, Lucena & Assis, com ilustrações de todos os músculos e um protocolo para a dissecção de exemplares. Comparou-se a musculatura esquelética de pelo menos uma espécie de cada gênero da tribo Geophagini, dentre outros ciclídeos, e descreveram-se 98 caracteres com o propósito de analisar sua relação com a filogenia do grupo. Essa matriz de caracteres foi empregada para produzir duas análises filogenéticas sem restrição, uma com pesagem e outra sem pesagem. Mapearam-se os caracteres miológicos sobre uma hipótese filogenética pré-existente, para a compreensão da correlação entre os caracteres e as especializações tróficas de cada táxon. Conclui-se que os Geophagini especializados em peneirar o substrato (winnowers) tendem a apresentar algumas adaptações convergentes, manifestadas na forma e no grau de desenvolvimento de músculos como adductor mandibulae, levator arcus palatini, dilatator operculi, adductor branchialis 1 e obliqui ventrales 1–2. Este estudo possibilita futuras investigações acerca das funções dos músculos estriados em peixes e seu papel nos processos de irradiação adaptativa, i.e., diversificação funcional.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Geophagini (Acanthopterygii, Cichlidae) “cará” ; Peixes de água doce ; Filogenia ; Morfologia ; Musculatura esquelética ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Morphology (organisms) ; ASFA_2015::P::Phylogeny ; ASFA_2015::M::Musculoskeletal system
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 234pp.
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  • 7
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-28
    Description: In Neotropical rivers the predation by fish and the structuring of the habitat by macrophytes influence the dynamics of the zooplankton community, altering the richness and composition of species and the richness and functional composition of the zooplankton and thus the functioning of the ecosystem. We analyzed the influence of macrophytes bank structure and predation by forage fish species on taxonomic and functional zooplankton diversity, estimated by different diversity indices (taxonomic and functional richness, taxonomic beta diversity and functional beta diversity). Thus, we assume that different levels of macrophytes structure and fish predation will alter the taxonomic and functional composition of the zooplankton (alpha and beta) between the analyzed points. Beta diversity was split into two distinct components, turnover and nesting. The zooplankton species richness was positively associated with the macrophytes richness and the macrophytes diversity. In turn, the functional richness of zooplankton had a positive association with fish richness and macrophytes richness. For the variation of total taxonomic beta diversity of zooplankton, the Generalized Dissimilarity Modeling (GDM) explained 32.58% of the total among the predictor variables. The macrophytes biomass represented the taxonomic turnover. The variation in total functional beta diversity of the zooplankton explained 9.98% by the GDM model. The abundance of fish represented the functional nesting. Macrophytes structure represented the taxonomic components and predation represented the functional components. The limnological heterogeneity of the coastal region of the Bay River made possible the colonization by multispecies macrophytes banks, influencing the alteration of the fish and zooplankton community and the more heterogeneous the environmental conditions, the greater is the capacity of colonization of different species, which can present different functional traits. The results indicate the importance of maintaining heterogeneous locations, the need to preserve the tributaries in river floodplain systems as they serve as nursery for fish spawning and contribute to a greater richness of fish, which causes an increase in the functional diversity of zooplankton.
    Description: Em rios neotropicais a predação por peixes e a estruturação do habitat por macrófitas influenciam na dinâmica da comunidade zooplanctônica, alterando a riqueza e composição de espécies e a riqueza e composição funcional do zooplâncton e, assim, o funcionamento do ecossistema. Analisou-se a influência da estruturação dos bancos de macrófitas e a predação por espécies de peixes forrageiras sobre a diversidade taxonômica e funcional zooplanctônica, estimadas por diferentes índices de diversidade (riqueza taxonômica e funcional, diversidade beta taxonômica e diversidade beta funcional). Assim, supõe-se que diferentes níveis de estruturação por macrófitas e predação por peixes alterarão a composição taxonômica e funcional do zooplâncton (alfa e beta) entre os pontos analisados. A diversidade beta foi particionada em dois componentes distintos, o turnover e o aninhamento. A riqueza de espécies do zooplâncton associou-se de forma positiva com a riqueza de macrófitas e a diversidade de macrófitas. Por sua vez, a riqueza funcional do zooplâncton teve associação positiva com a riqueza de peixes e a riqueza de macrófitas. Para a variação da diversidade beta total taxonômica do zooplâncton, a Modelagem de Dissimilaridade Generalizada (GDM) explicou 32,58% do total dentre as variáveis preditoras. A biomassa de macrófitas representou o turnover taxonômico. A variação da diversidade beta total funcional do zooplâncton, explicou 9,98% pelo modelo da GDM. A abundância de peixes representou o aninhamento funcional. A estruturação por macrófitas representou os componentes taxonômicos e a predação representou os componentes funcionais. A heterogeneidade limnológica da região litorânea do rio Baía possibilitou a colonização por bancos de macrófitas multiespecíficos, influenciando na alteração da comunidade de peixes e de zooplâncton e quanto mais heterogêneas as condições ambientais, maior é a capacidade de colonização de diferentes espécies, que podem apresentar distintos traços funcionais. Os resultados indicam a importância da manutenção de locais heterogêneos, a necessidade de preservação dos tributários em sistemas rio-planície de inundação por servirem como berçário para desova de peixes e contribuir para uma maior riqueza de peixes, o que causa um aumento na diversidade funcional do zooplâncton.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Zooplâncton de água doce ; Riqueza taxonômica e funcional ; Diversidade beta ; Taxonomic richness ; Functional richness ; Beta diversity ; Nestedness ; Turnover ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::Y::Zooplankton ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::P::Predation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 49pp.
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  • 8
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-08-31
    Description: The construction of dams is among the main anthropogenic impacts in natural freshwater systems. The first consequence of impoundments is the formation of reservoirs upstream, which represents a completely new environment compared to the natural river. In addition to this primary impact, the variations in the reservoir water level may be considered another facet of disturbances. Although several studies investigated the processes that occur in reservoirs, there is a shortfall regarding the effects of the dam operation scheme on ecosystem health. Most dams are designed to operate under two almost contrasting schemes: storage (STR) and run-of-river (ROR). These alternative operation schemes result in very different temporal variations, with STR reservoirs presenting rapid fluctuations while ROR reservoirs have a relatively constant volume. Likewise, this difference in the temporal dynamics of water level likely affects the stability of these ecosystems. In order to investigate how the dam operation scheme could affect the temporal stability of freshwater ecosystems, we used the fish communities from two reservoirs in the Iguaçu River that operate under contrasting schemes. The hypothesis was that the STR reservoir would be less stable, considering the environmental heterogeneity created by frequent water level variations, and the interactions among species would be less important for the structure of the resident fish community. In the first approach, the focus was on stability in terms of the ability to resist and recover (i.e., resistance and resilience) to disturbances. In the second approach, empirical data and simulations were used to assess which mechanism (species interactions, environmental or demographic stochasticity) underlie the synchrony of fish communities. Contrary to the expectation, the results showed the ROR reservoir as less stable than the STR, and the mechanisms underlying species synchrony coincided between reservoirs but played opposite roles. More specifically, the temporal dynamics imposed by ROR operation may have weakened the species-environment relationships, which led to a less stable community. Although the results were consistent, they were only primary evidence and such cause-effect relationships between dam operation and its effects on ecosystem stability require further investigations.
    Description: A construção de barragens está entre os principais impactos antropogênicos em ambientes de água doce. A primeira consequência dos barramentos é a formação de um reservatório à montante, que representa um ambiente completamente modificado, em relação ao rio natural. Impactos secundários, como as variações no nível da água, também podem ser considerados outros tipos de distúrbio. Embora vários estudos investigaram os processos que ocorrem em reservatórios, existe uma lacuna a respeito dos efeitos do modo de operação da barragem sobre a estado dos ecossistemas. A maioria das barragens é projetada para operar sob dois modos: acumulação (ACU) e fio d’água (FDA). Esses modos alternativos resultam em variações temporais muito distintas, com reservatórios ACU apresentando flutuações rápidas, enquanto reservatórios FDA possuem volume relativamente constante. Do mesmo modo, essa diferença na dinâmica temporal do nível da água provavelmente afeta a estabilidade desses ecossistemas. A fim de investigar como o modo de operação da barragem pode afetar a estabilidade temporal dos ambientes de água doce, foram utilizadas comunidades de peixes de dois reservatórios do rio Iguaçu, que operam sob modos diferentes. A hipótese testada foi que o reservatório ACU seria menos estável, considerando a heterogeneidade ambiental criada pelas variações frequentes no nível da água, e as interações entre as espécies seriam menos importantes para a estrutura da comunidade de peixes. Na primeira abordagem, o foco foi na estabilidade em termos da habilidade em resistir e se recuperar (i.e., resistência e resiliência) aos distúrbios. Na segunda abordagem, dados empíricos e simulações foram utilizados para verificar quais mecanismos (interações entre espécies, ou estocasticidade ambiental/demográfica) seriam subjacentes à sincronia das comunidades de peixes. Ao contrário do esperado, os resultados mostraram que o reservatório FDA foi menos estável do que o reservatório ACU e os mecanismos subjacentes à sincronia das espécies coincidiram entre os reservatórios, mas com papéis opostos. Mais especificamente, a dinâmica temporal imposta pela operação do reservatório FDA provavelmente enfraqueceu as relações espécie-ambiente, o que levou a uma comunidade menos estável. Embora os resultados sejam consistentes, são apenas indícios primários e as relações de causa-e-efeito entre o modo de operação da barragem e a estabilidade dos ecossistemas requer investigações futuras.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Reservatórios de água doce ; Environmental stochasticity ; Reservatórios ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Competição interespecífica ; Impactos ambientais antropogênicos ; Manejo ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::N::Niches ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::I::Impacts ; ASFA_2015::C::Competition ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water) ; ASFA_2015::S::Species diversity ; ASFA_2015::I::Interactions ; ASFA_2015::I::Impoundments
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 98pp.
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  • 9
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-09-01
    Description: Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) (Sciaenidae), known as “corvina” is a native species of Amazon basin and it is a model for studding their parasites. Intending to analyze ectoparasites ecological aspects, such as distribution and interactions, gills of twenty specimens were analyzed, from rio Tapajós, in the region of Santarém-PA, Brazil. Ecological analyzes considered distribution of parasites between host specimens and also microhabitats occupied by ectoparasites. Eighteen ectoparasites species were founded, fourteen monogenetic and four copepods. Considering species abundance, monogenetic were the dominant group and Euryhaliotrema thatcheri was the most abundant in all analyzed hosts. There was a significate correlation between some parasite species abundance and prevalence with total length and host condition factor. Each species of parasite presented an aggregate distribution pattern. The community of P. squamosissimus ectoparasites were interactive. Considering the distribution of the species in the gills, there was a significant difference in the composition between arches, segments and regions. It is suggested that this distribution is related to factors related to microhabitat, such as water flow and area available for fixation of parasites, as well as the structures of fixation of each species and interactions such as positive associations and competition. During the investigation of the material, specimens that differed from the species already described were founded, so three new monogenetic species were proposed, belonging to the genus Aetheolabes, Anakohnia and Euryhaliotrema, based on their morphological characteristics.
    Description: A corvina de água doce ou pescada branca, Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) (Sciaenidae) se distribui pela bacia Amazônica e que como hospedeira, consiste em um modelo para o estudo de seus parasitas. Analisou-se os aspectos ecológicos da fauna ectoparasitária de P. squamosissimus, tais como a distribuição e as interações e entre as espécies, por meio das brânquias de vinte espécimes coletados no rio Tapajós, região de Santarém-PA. Considerou-se a distribuição de parasitas entre os espécimes de hospedeiros e também, a partir dos microhabitats que os ectoparasitas ocupavam nesses espécimes. Foram encontradas dezoito espécies de ectoparasitas, dentre os quais catorze monogenéticos e quatro copépodes. Em relação a abundância das espécies, os monogenéticos destacaram-se como grupo dominante e, dentre estas espécies, Euryhaliotrema thatcheri apresentou-se como a mais abundante em todos os hospedeiros analisados. Houve correlação da abundância e da prevalência de algumas espécies de parasitas com o comprimento total e o fator de condição dos hospedeiros. Cada espécie de parasita apresentou padrão de distribuição agregado. A comunidade de ectoparasitas de P. squamosissimus foi considerada interativa. Em relação à distribuição das espécies nas brânquias, houve diferença significativa na composição entre os arcos, segmentos e regiões. Sugere-se que esta distribuição se relaciona com fatores referentes ao microhabitat, como o fluxo de água e a área disponível para fixação dos parasitas, bem como as estruturas de fixação de cada espécie e também interações como associações positivas e competição. Durante a investigação do material, os espécimes encontrados diferiram das espécies previamente descritas, de modo que realizou-se a proposta de três novas espécies de monogenéticos pertencentes aos gêneros Aetheolabes, Anakohnia e Euryhaliotrema a partir de suas características morfológicas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Fauna ectoparasitária ; Monogenea ; Copepoda ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::P::Parasites ; ASFA_2015::E::Ectoparasites ; ASFA_2015::E::Ectoparasitism
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 83pp.
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  • 10
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    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Ehux growth rates for thermal response curve
    Description: This dataset presents growth rates for Emiliania huxleyi thermal response curve across 12 temperatures from 8.5-28.6C.Global warming will be combined with predicted increases in thermal variability in the future surface ocean, but how temperature dynamics will affect phytoplankton biology and biogeochemistry is largely unknown. Here, we examine the responses of the globally important marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to thermal variations at two frequencies (1 d and 2 d) at low (18.5 °C) and high (25.5 °C) mean temperatures. Elevated temperature and thermal variation decreased growth, calcification and physiological rates, both individually and interactively. The 1 d thermal variation frequencies were less inhibitory than 2 d variations under high temperatures, indicating that high-frequency thermal fluctuations may reduce heat-induced mortality and mitigate some impacts of extreme high-temperature events. Cellular elemental composition and calcification was significantly affected by both thermal variation treatments relative to each other and to the constant temperature controls. The negative effects of thermal variation on E. huxleyi growth rate and physiology are especially pronounced at high temperatures. These responses of the key marine calcifier E. huxleyi to warmer, more variable temperature regimes have potentially large implications for ocean productivity and marine biogeochemical cycles under a future changing climate. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/782911
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1538525
    Keywords: Thermal Performance Curves ; Growth Rates ; Emiliania huxleyi ; Climate change ; Calcification ; Elemental quotas
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 11
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    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Ehux elemental composition across thermal range
    Description: This dataset includes elemental stoichiometry for Emiliania huxleyi across a range of 12 temperatures from 8.5-28.6C. Global warming will be combined with predicted increases in thermal variability in the future surface ocean, but how temperature dynamics will affect phytoplankton biology and biogeochemistry is largely unknown. Here, we examine the responses of the globally important marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to thermal variations at two frequencies (1 d and 2 d) at low (18.5 °C) and high (25.5 °C) mean temperatures. Elevated temperature and thermal variation decreased growth, calcification and physiological rates, both individually and interactively. The 1 d thermal variation frequencies were less inhibitory than 2 d variations under high temperatures, indicating that high-frequency thermal fluctuations may reduce heat-induced mortality and mitigate some impacts of extreme high-temperature events. Cellular elemental composition and calcification was significantly affected by both thermal variation treatments relative to each other and to the constant temperature controls. The negative effects of thermal variation on E. huxleyi growth rate and physiology are especially pronounced at high temperatures. These responses of the key marine calcifier E. huxleyi to warmer, more variable temperature regimes have potentially large implications for ocean productivity and marine biogeochemical cycles under a future changing climate. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/782921
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1538525
    Keywords: Thermal Performance Curves ; Growth Rates ; Emiliania huxleyi ; Climate change ; Calcification ; Elemental quotas
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 12
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    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Ehux growth rates under thermal variation
    Description: This dataset includes the growth rates under low and high temperatures for E. huxleyi in constant and fluctuating thermal environments. Global warming will be combined with predicted increases in thermal variability in the future surface ocean, but how temperature dynamics will affect phytoplankton biology and biogeochemistry is largely unknown. Here, we examine the responses of the globally important marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to thermal variations at two frequencies (1 d and 2 d) at low (18.5 °C) and high (25.5 °C) mean temperatures. Elevated temperature and thermal variation decreased growth, calcification and physiological rates, both individually and interactively. The 1 d thermal variation frequencies were less inhibitory than 2 d variations under high temperatures, indicating that high-frequency thermal fluctuations may reduce heat-induced mortality and mitigate some impacts of extreme high-temperature events. Cellular elemental composition and calcification was significantly affected by both thermal variation treatments relative to each other and to the constant temperature controls. The negative effects of thermal variation on E. huxleyi growth rate and physiology are especially pronounced at high temperatures. These responses of the key marine calcifier E. huxleyi to warmer, more variable temperature regimes have potentially large implications for ocean productivity and marine biogeochemical cycles under a future changing climate. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/782888
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1538525
    Keywords: Thermal Performance Curves ; Growth Rates ; Emiliania huxleyi ; Climate change ; Calcification ; Elemental quotas
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 13
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    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Thalassiosira pseudonana CCMP1335 in nitrate-limited and nutrient-replete cultures
    Description: The marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana clone CCMP 1335 was grown in a continuous culture system on a 14:10 light-dark cycle under either nitrate-limited or nutrient-replete conditions, a photoperiod irradiance of either 50 or 300 micro-mol photons per square meter per second, partial pressures of either 400 or 1000 ppm CO2, and temperatures ranging from 5 to 32 degrees Celsius. Growth rates, photosynthetic rates, respiration rates, C:N ratios, C:Chlorophyll-a ratios, productivity indices, Fv/Fm ratios, and the initial slope and light-saturated asymptote of short-term photosynthesis-irradiance curves are reported. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/779368
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1536581
    Keywords: Climate change ; Phytoplankton ; Light ; Temperature ; CO2 partial pressure ; Acclimation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scalpone, C. R., Jarvis, J. C., Vasslides, J. M., Testa, J. M., & Ganju, N. K. Simulated estuary-wide response of seagrass (Zostera marina) to future scenarios of temperature and sea level. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, (2020): 539946, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.539946.
    Description: Seagrass communities are a vital component of estuarine ecosystems, but are threatened by projected sea level rise (SLR) and temperature increases with climate change. To understand these potential effects, we developed a spatially explicit model that represents seagrass (Zostera marina) habitat and estuary-wide productivity for Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor (BB-LEH) in New Jersey, United States. Our modeling approach included an offline coupling of a numerical seagrass biomass model with the spatially variable environmental conditions from a hydrodynamic model to calculate above and belowground biomass at each grid cell of the hydrodynamic model domain. Once calibrated to represent present day seagrass habitat and estuary-wide annual productivity, we applied combinations of increasing air temperature and sea level following regionally specific climate change projections, enabling analysis of the individual and combined impacts of these variables on seagrass biomass and spatial coverage. Under the SLR scenarios, the current model domain boundaries were maintained, as the land surrounding BB-LEH is unlikely to shift significantly in the future. SLR caused habitat extent to decrease dramatically, pushing seagrass beds toward the coastline with increasing depth, with a 100% loss of habitat by the maximum SLR scenario. The dramatic loss of seagrass habitat under SLR was in part due to the assumption that surrounding land would not be inundated, as the model did not allow for habitat expansion outside the current boundaries of the bay. Temperature increases slightly elevated the rate of summer die-off and decreased habitat area only under the highest temperature increase scenarios. In combined scenarios, the effects of SLR far outweighed the effects of temperature increase. Sensitivity analysis of the model revealed the greatest sensitivity to changes in parameters affecting light limitation and seagrass mortality, but no sensitivity to changes in nutrient limitation constants. The high vulnerability of seagrass in the bay to SLR exceeded that demonstrated for other systems, highlighting the importance of site- and region-specific assessments of estuaries under climate change.
    Description: This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates Program (OCE-1659463), the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Summer Student Fellowship Program, the Barnegat Bay Partnership (through a US EPA Clean Water Act grant to Ocean County College; CE98212313), and the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards/Resources Program. Although this project has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to a grant agreement with Ocean County College, it has not gone through the Agency’s publications review process and may not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency; therefore, no official endorsement should be assumed. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
    Keywords: Seagrass (Zostera) ; Climate change ; Spatial model ; Sea level rise ; Temperature ; North American Atlantic Coast ; Regional ; Eelgrass (Zostera marina)
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 15
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    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Synechococcus elongatus CCMP1629 in nitrate-limited and nutrient-replete cultures
    Description: The marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus clone CCMP1629 was grown in a continuous culture system on a 14:10 light-dark cycle under either nitrate-limited or nutrient-replete conditions, a photoperiod irradiance of either 50 or 300 micro-mol photons per square meter per second, partial pressures of either 400 or 1000 ppm CO2, and temperatures ranging from 20 to 45 degrees Celsius. Growth rates, photosynthetic rates, respiration rates, C:N ratios, C:Chlorophyll-a ratios, productivity indices, Fv/Fm ratios, and the initial slope and light-saturated asymptote of short-term photosynthesis-irradiance curves are reported. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/811093
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1536581
    Keywords: Climate change ; Phytoplankton ; Light ; Temperature ; CO2 partial pressure ; Acclimation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 16
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    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Gill Net Catch Data
    Description: Vertebrate caught with gill net in Sabine Lake, Galveston Bay, Matagorda Bay, San Antonio Bay, Aransas Bay, Corpus Christi Bay, Upper Laguna Madre, and Lower Laguna Madre from 1986 to 2018 (except in Sabine Lake sampling begun in 1986). For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/828794
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1656923
    Keywords: Marine biodiversity ; Climate change ; Coastal ecosystems ; Fish diversity
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 17
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    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Ehux physiology under thermal variation
    Description: Intracellular elemental quotas under low and high temperatures for E. huxleyi in constant and fluctuating thermal environments. This dataset includes the growth rates under low and high temperatures for E. huxleyi in constant and fluctuating thermal environments. Global warming will be combined with predicted increases in thermal variability in the future surface ocean, but how temperature dynamics will affect phytoplankton biology and biogeochemistry is largely unknown. Here, we examine the responses of the globally important marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to thermal variations at two frequencies (1 d and 2 d) at low (18.5 °C) and high (25.5 °C) mean temperatures. Elevated temperature and thermal variation decreased growth, calcification and physiological rates, both individually and interactively. The 1 d thermal variation frequencies were less inhibitory than 2 d variations under high temperatures, indicating that high-frequency thermal fluctuations may reduce heat-induced mortality and mitigate some impacts of extreme high-temperature events. Cellular elemental composition and calcification was significantly affected by both thermal variation treatments relative to each other and to the constant temperature controls. The negative effects of thermal variation on E. huxleyi growth rate and physiology are especially pronounced at high temperatures. These responses of the key marine calcifier E. huxleyi to warmer, more variable temperature regimes have potentially large implications for ocean productivity and marine biogeochemical cycles under a future changing climate. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/782901
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1538525
    Keywords: Thermal Performance Curves ; Growth Rates ; Emiliania huxleyi ; Climate change ; Calcification ; Elemental quotas
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Wagner, S., Schubotz, F., Kaiser, K., Hallmann, C., Waska, H., Rossel, P. E., Hansmann, R., Elvert, M., Middelburg, J. J., Engel, A., Blattmann, T. M., Catala, T. S., Lennartz, S. T., Gomez-Saez, G., V., Pantoja-Gutierrez, S., Bao, R., & Galy, V. Soothsaying DOM: A current perspective on the future of oceanic dissolved organic carbon. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, (2020): 341, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00341.
    Description: The vast majority of freshly produced oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is derived from marine phytoplankton, then rapidly recycled by heterotrophic microbes. A small fraction of this DOC survives long enough to be routed to the interior ocean, which houses the largest and oldest DOC reservoir. DOC reactivity depends upon its intrinsic chemical composition and extrinsic environmental conditions. Therefore, recalcitrance is an emergent property of DOC that is analytically difficult to constrain. New isotopic techniques that track the flow of carbon through individual organic molecules show promise in unveiling specific biosynthetic or degradation pathways that control the metabolic turnover of DOC and its accumulation in the deep ocean. However, a multivariate approach is required to constrain current carbon fluxes so that we may better predict how the cycling of oceanic DOC will be altered with continued climate change. Ocean warming, acidification, and oxygen depletion may upset the balance between the primary production and heterotrophic reworking of DOC, thus modifying the amount and/or composition of recalcitrant DOC. Climate change and anthropogenic activities may enhance mobilization of terrestrial DOC and/or stimulate DOC production in coastal waters, but it is unclear how this would affect the flux of DOC to the open ocean. Here, we assess current knowledge on the oceanic DOC cycle and identify research gaps that must be addressed to successfully implement its use in global scale carbon models.
    Description: This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) project number 422798570. The Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg and the Geochemical Society provided funding for the conference. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation OCE #1756812 to SW. TB acknowledges funding from ETH Zürich and JAMSTEC. JM was supported by the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre. SP-G was funded by COPAS Sur-Austral (CONICYT PIA APOYO CCTE AFB170006). GG-S acknowledges funding from DFG, DI 842/6-1.
    Keywords: Dissolved organic carbon ; Global carbon cycle ; Recalcitrance ; Isotopic probing ; Climate change
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Benthuysen, J. A., Oliver, E. C. J., Chen, K., & Wernberg, T. Editorial: advances in understanding marine heatwaves and their impacts. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, (2020): 147, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00147.
    Description: Editorial on the Research Topic Advances in Understanding Marine Heatwaves and Their Impacts In recent years, prolonged, extremely warm water events, known as marine heatwaves, have featured prominently around the globe with their disruptive consequences for marine ecosystems. Over the past decade, marine heatwaves have occurred from the open ocean to marginal seas and coastal regions, including the unprecedented 2011 Western Australia marine heatwave (Ningaloo Niño) in the eastern Indian Ocean (e.g., Pearce et al., 2011), the 2012 northwest Atlantic marine heatwave (Chen et al., 2014), the 2012 and 2015 Mediterranean Sea marine heatwaves (Darmaraki et al., 2019), the 2013/14 western South Atlantic (Rodrigues et al., 2019) and 2017 southwestern Atlantic marine heatwave (Manta et al., 2018), the persistent 2014–2016 “Blob” in the North Pacific (Bond et al., 2015; Di Lorenzo and Mantua, 2016), the 2015/16 marine heatwave spanning the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean to the Coral Sea (Benthuysen et al., 2018), and the Tasman Sea marine heatwaves in 2015/16 (Oliver et al., 2017) and 2017/18 (Salinger et al., 2019). These events have set new records for marine heatwave intensity, the temperature anomaly exceeding a climatology, and duration, the sustained period of extreme temperatures. We have witnessed the profound consequences of these thermal disturbances from acute changes to marine life to enduring impacts on species, populations, and communities (Smale et al., 2019). These marine heatwaves have spurred a diversity of research spanning the methodology of identifying and quantifying the events (e.g., Hobday et al., 2016) and their historical trends (Oliver et al., 2018), understanding their physical mechanisms and relationships with climate modes (e.g., Holbrook et al., 2019), climate projections (Frölicher et al., 2018), and understanding the biological impacts for organisms and ecosystem function and services (e.g., Smale et al., 2019). By using sea surface temperature percentiles, temperature anomalies can be quantified based on their local variability and account for the broad range of temperature regimes in different marine environments. For temperatures exceeding a 90th-percentile threshold beyond a period of 5-days, marine heatwaves can be classified into categories based on their intensity (Hobday et al., 2018). While these recent advances have provided the framework for understanding key aspects of marine heatwaves, a challenge lies ahead for effective integration of physical and biological knowledge for prediction of marine heatwaves and their ecological impacts. This Research Topic is motivated by the need to understand the mechanisms for how marine heatwaves develop and the biological responses to thermal stress events. This Research Topic is a collection of 18 research articles and three review articles aimed at advancing our knowledge of marine heatwaves within four themes. These themes include methods for detecting marine heatwaves, understanding their physical mechanisms, seasonal forecasting and climate projections, and ecological impacts.
    Description: We thank the contributing authors, reviewers, and the editorial staff at Frontiers in Marine Science for their support in producing this issue. We thank the Marine Heatwaves Working Group (http://www.marineheatwaves.org/) for inspiration and discussions. This special issue stemmed from the session on Advances in Understanding Marine Heat Waves and Their Impacts at the 2018 Ocean Sciences meeting (Portland, USA).
    Keywords: Marine heatwaves ; Extreme events ; Ocean and atmosphere interactions ; Marine ecosystems ; Marine resources ; Climate change ; Climate variability ; Climate prediction
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 20
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-01
    Description: Generalist species can be composed of specialist individuals, who use a small part of the population's niche. This process is known as individual specialization and can involve changes in diet and morphology. In this study, we hypothesized that individual variations in the diet and morphology of fish associated with macrophytes are related to the habitat’s complexity and greater levels of individual specialization will be found in the intermediate levels of macrophyte biomass. Fish and macrophytes were sampled in 30 multispecific macrophytes stands with different biomasses in a 13.7 km stretch of the rio Baía (Paraná River floodplain). Habitat complexity was assessed using the biomass of aquatic macrophytes (five stands with low biomass, five with intermediate biomass and five with high biomass were selected) and the fish species used in this study was Moenkhausia forestii. The individuals' diet was evaluated using the volumetric method, and the morphology through 18 linear measurements and six area measurements. To assess individual specialization in the diet, the Specialization Index (IS) and the NODF nesting index were used. Individual morphological specialization was assessed using ecomorphological diversity for each level of macrophyte biomass. Correlations between diet and morphology were assessed using the Mantel test. IS and NODF values indicated greater individual specialization in the diet in macrophytes stands with low biomass. The greatest individual morphological specialization was found in macrophytes stands with intermediate biomasses. The Mantel test showed that there was no significant correlation between diet and morphology. The individual specialization of M. forestii diet is related to the increase in competition, mainly intraspecific, intensified by the low availability of resources in low biomass stands. Morphological specialization, in turn, is related to greater availability and accessibility to resources within the intermediate biomass stands, where there are ideal conditions for increasing richness and abundance of resources and little structural complexity when compared to high biomass stands.
    Description: Espécies generalistas podem ser compostas por indivíduos especialistas, que utilizam uma pequena parte do nicho da população. Este processo é conhecido como especialização individual e pode envolver mudanças na dieta e na morfologia. Investigou-se a hipótese de que variações individuais na dieta e na morfologia de peixes associados à macrófitas estão relacionadas à complexidade do habitat e que maiores níveis de especialização individual serão encontrados nos níveis intermediários de biomassa de macrófitas. Foram amostrados peixes e macrófitas em 30 bancos multiespecíficos de macrófitas com diferentes biomassas em um trecho de 13,7 km de extensão do rio Baía (planície de inundação do rio Paraná). A complexidade do habitat foi medida por meio da biomassa das macrófitas aquáticas (selecionou-se cinco bancos com biomassas baixas, cinco com biomassas intermediárias e cinco com biomassas altas) e a espécie de peixe utilizada foi Moenkhausia forestii. Analisou-se a dieta dos indivíduos mediante o método volumétrico e a morfologia mediante 18 medidas lineares e seis medidas de área. Para avaliar a especialização individual na dieta utilizou-se o Índice de Especialização (IS) e o Índice NODF de aninhamento. A especialização individual morfológica foi avaliada por intermédio da diversidade ecomorfológica para cada nível de biomassa de macrófitas. As correlações entre a dieta e a morfologia foram avaliadas por meio de um teste de Mantel. Os valores de IS e NODF indicaram maior especialização individual na dieta em bancos de macrófitas com baixas biomassas. A maior especialização morfológica individual foi verificada em bancos de macrófitas com biomassas intermediárias. O teste de Mantel mostrou que não houve correlação significativa entre a dieta e a morfologia. A especialização individual da dieta de M. forestii está relacionada com o aumento da competição, principalmente intraespecífica, intensificada pela baixa disponibilidade de recursos nos bancos de baixas biomassas. A especialização morfológica por sua vez está relacionada com a maior disponibilidade e acessibilidade aos recursos dentro dos bancos de biomassas intermediárias, onde existem condições ideais para o aumento da riqueza e abundância de recursos e pouca complexidade estrutural quando comparado aos bancos de biomassa alta.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Populações, Ecologia de ; Ecologia trófica ; Macrófitas aquáticas ; Especialização individual ; Indivíduos da mesma espécie ; Complexidade estrutural ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic plants ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::P::Population dynamics ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::P::Population structure ; ASFA_2015::T::Trophic levels
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 38pp.
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  • 21
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-09-05
    Description: The differential distribution of productivity in reservoirs has consequences for the fish assemblage, influencing spatially in its distribution, along a longitudinal gradient. Following the hypothesis that the spatiotemporal dynamics of chlorophyll a and turbidity influence the distribution of the fish assemblage in the Sobradinho reservoir, BA, three predictions were tested: i) Whether the spatiotemporal variations of these variables, determined by digital processing of remote sensing images, follow the spatial zoning pattern described in the literature, for large reservoirs; ii) Whether with the increase in distance, in kilometers, from the collection points to the dam, there is an increase in the total abundance of fish; and iii) If, with the increase in productivity, represented by higher concentrations of chlorophyll a and turbidity, there is an increase in the abundance of fish (total or by trophic guild). The sampling was distributed in five periods, between April 2008 and July 2009, with at least one collection being carried out in each zone of the reservoir, fluvial, transition and lake, in each period. Bands 2 and 3 of scenes from the Landsat-5 satellite were selected, in which the chosen limnological variables show their peak of reflection. With the values of the collections in situ and the reflectance of the scenes, an interpolation was performed and, later, thematic maps of each of the variables were elaborated. The chlorophyll a and turbidity values of the ichthyofauna collection points were extracted from the interpolations. To analyze the existence of the longitudinal gradient, Spearman correlation analyses were performed between the value of the limnological variables and the distance from the collection point to the dam, obtained by extracting a longitudinal profile of the reservoir. To search for associations between limnological variables and ichthyofauna, Spearman's correlation analyses were performed with the value of the variables and total abundance and by trophic guilds. Also, the analyses were carried out dividing the collection points according to the reservoir area and the rainfall regime (dry and full). The Sobradinho reservoir showed a pattern of productivity zoning consistent with the typical pattern of large reservoirs. This zoning had a strong association with the distribution of fish abundance in the Sobradinho reservoir. There was an association between the abundance of fish in the lake area and the seasonal increase in productivity, with a remarkable decrease in abundance during the dry months and an increase in abundance during the floods. However, in the river zone, excess turbidity acted as a limiting factor. High values of this variable, also showing a greater flow of water, may have favored the dispersion of organisms to places of lesser environmental stress, reducing the abundance of fish in this region during floods. However, in general, the fluvial zone showed the highest abundances, exhibiting the well-known fluvial〉 transition〉 lacustrine pattern. The presence of favorable characteristics in the river zone, such as seasonal flooding and greater environmental heterogeneity, may have contributed to this result.
    Description: A distribuição diferencial da produtividade em reservatórios apresenta consequências sobre a assembleia de peixes, influenciando espacialmente na sua distribuição, ao longo de um gradiente longitudinal. Seguindo a hipótese de que as dinâmicas espaço-temporais de clorofila a e turbidez têm influência na distribuição da assembleia de peixes no reservatório de Sobradinho, BA, foram testadas três predições: i) Se as variações espaço-temporais destas variáveis, determinadas por processamento digital de imagens de sensoriamento remoto, seguem o padrão espacial de zonação descrito na literatura, para grandes reservatórios; ii) Se com o aumento da distância, em quilômetros, dos pontos de coleta em relação à barragem há incremento na abundância total de peixes; e iii) Se com o aumento da produtividade, representada por maiores concentrações de clorofila a e turbidez, há incremento na abundância de peixes (total ou por guilda trófica). A amostragem foi distribuída em cinco períodos, entre abril de 2008 e julho de 2009, sendo realizada pelo menos uma coleta em cada zona do reservatório, fluvial, transição e lacustre, em cada período. Selecionou-se as bandas 2 e 3 de cenas do satélite Landsat-5, nas quais as variáveis limnológicas escolhidas apresentam seu pico de reflexão. Com os valores das coletas in situ e a reflectância das cenas foi realizada uma interpolação e, posteriormente elaborou-se mapas temáticos de cada uma das variáveis. Os valores de clorofila a e turbidez dos pontos de coleta da ictiofauna foram extraídos das interpolações. Para analisar a existência do gradiente longitudinal, realizou-se análises de correlação de Spearman entre o valor das variáveis limnológicas e a distância do ponto de coleta em relação à barragem, obtidos através da extração de um perfil longitudinal do reservatório. Para buscar associações entre as variáveis limnológicas e a ictiofauna realizou-se análises de correlação de Spearman com o valor das variáveis e abundância total e por guilda trófica. Também, efetuou-se as análises dividindo os pontos de coleta de acordo com a zona do reservatório e com o regime pluviométrico (seca e cheia). O reservatório de Sobradinho apresentou um padrão de zonação de produtividade condizente com o padrão típico de grandes reservatórios. Esta zonação teve forte associação com a distribuição da abundância de peixes no reservatório de Sobradinho. Foi evidenciada uma associação entre a abundância de peixes da zona lacustre e o incremento sazonal da produtividade, sendo notável a diminuição da abundância durante os meses secos e o incremento desta durante as cheias. No entanto, na zona fluvial, o excesso de turbidez agiu como um fator limitante. Valores altos dessa variável, evidenciando também maior fluxo d’água, podem ter favorecido a dispersão dos organismos para locais de menor stress ambiental, diminuindo a abundância de peixes nesta região durante as cheias. Entretanto, em geral, a zona fluvial apresentou as maiores abundâncias, exibindo o conhecido padrão fluvial 〉 transição 〉 lacustre. A presença de características favoráveis na zona fluvial, como inundação sazonal e maior heterogeneidade ambiental, podem ter contribuido para esse resultado.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Ictiofauna de água doce ; Sensoriamento remoto orbital (SR) ; Reservatórios ; Variáveis limnológicas ; Gradiente longitudinal ; ASFA_2015::I::Ichthyofauna ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water) ; ASFA_2015::V::Variability ; ASFA_2015::L::Limnology ; ASFA_2015::R::Remote sensing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 45pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-09-05
    Description: The use of multimetric indices (MMIs) to assess ecological conditions in aquatic environments has been applied globally. These indices are practical tools that incorporate various biotic metrics at different levels of biological organization. However, criticism has been directed to the use of MMIs, especially regarding the methodological criteria applied in the process such as related to metric selection and scoring and identification of reference conditions that consider all sources of ecological integrity disturbance. A review of the scientific literature was carried out to evaluate processes of creation and validation of MMIs worldwide. The criteria used by scientists to identify reference conditions, metric selection and scoring, the main metrics globally used in MMIs, and the challenges in applying these indices were verified. It was identified whether nonnative species have been considered as a source of degradation of ecological integrity in the MMIs application. The results indicated that there are no common criteria for determining reference conditions, for metric selection and scoring, which makes it difficult to compare different programs and regions, and to develop or improve future MMIs. The results showed that metrics related to species richness were most frequently used in MMIs applied worldwide, thus, it represents a consistent response pattern in the assessment of ecological conditions. The results also indicate that differentiating natural variability from anthropogenic impacts was evidenced as the major challenge in the MMIs creation and application. The review of the scientific literature indicated that biological invasions are neglected in ecological integrity assessments, as nonnative species are rarely considered as a disturbing factor in identifying reference conditions and species origin metrics are not widely used in MMIs. The results presented in this review may promote the advancement and improvement of MMIs as bioassessment tools.
    Description: O uso de índices multimétricos (MMIs) para avaliação das condições ecológicas em ambientes aquáticos tem sido aplicado globalmente. Estes índices são ferramentas práticas que incorporam várias métricas bióticas em diferentes níveis de organização biológica. No entanto, críticas têm sido endereçadas ao uso de MMIs, especialmente em relação aos critérios metodológicos empregados no processo, como a seleção e pontuação de métricas e identificação de condições de referência que considerem todas as fontes de perturbação da integridade ecológica. Efetuou-se uma revisão de literatura científica a fim de avaliar processos de criação e validação de MMIs em todo o mundo. Verificou-se os critérios usados pelos cientistas para identificação de condições de referência, seleção e pontuação de métricas, as principais métricas usadas globalmente nos MMIs e os desafios na aplicação desses índices. Foi verificado se espécies não nativas têm sido consideradas como fonte de degradação da integridade ecológica na aplicação de MMIs. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que não existem critérios comuns para determinação das condições de referência e seleção e pontuação de métricas, o que dificulta a avaliação comparável entre diferentes programas e regiões e desenvolvimento ou aprimoramento de futuros MMIs. Os resultados mostraram que as métricas de riqueza de espécies foram as mais frequentemente usadas nos MMIs aplicados em todo o mundo, representando, assim, um padrão de resposta consistente na avaliação das condições ecológicas. Os resultados obtidos também sugerem que diferenciar a variabilidade natural dos impactos antropogênicos foi evidenciado como o maior desafio na criação e aplicação de MMIs. A revisão da literatura científica indicou que invasões biológicas são negligenciadas em avaliações de integridade ecológica, pois espécies não nativas são raramente consideradas como fator de perturbação na identificação de condições de referência e métricas de origem das espécies não são amplamente empregadas nos MMIs. Os resultados apresentados nessa revisão podem promover o avanço e aprimoramento dos MMIs como ferramentas de bioavaliação.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Ecossistemas de água doce ; Biomonitoramento ; Invasões biológicas ; Indicadores biológicos ; Índice de Integridade Biótica ; Seleção de métricas ; Integridade ecológica ; Indicadores ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystems ; ASFA_2015::B::Bioindicators ; ASFA_2015::I::Indigenous species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 92pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-09-02
    Description: Changes in the biodiversity of parasites communities can be used as indicators of the healthy ecosystem as they reflect environmental impacts through their responses to changes in habitat. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the potential use of parasites from Geophagus brasiliensis as bioindicators of environmental changes. Three sample points were determined of rio Iguaçu with different degrees of environmental impact. Among 69 specimes analyzed of G. brasiliensis, 32 (46.3%) were parasitized by at least one parasite. A total of 56 specimens of endoparasites belonging to the phylum Nematoda were collected. The abundance of nematode species was significantly higher in fishes collected in point 3 (Kruskal-Wallis2;69 = 8.62; p = 0.01) and species composition between points were significantly different (F = 6.95, p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in relative condition factor (Kn) of G. brasilienses between the points (F2;66 = 2.54; p = 0.08) there was no correlation in Kn and abundance of nematodes (rs = 0.1; p = 0.4). The lower abundance of nematodes was observed in point 1 (critically degraded), due to this environment showing changes in abiotic factors, represented in the relatively high values of conductivity and phosphorus when compared with points 2 and 3 (moderately degraded).The results obtained in the present study indicate that the parasitic community of G. brasiliensis is characterized by low diversity in polluted locations, thus the absence of certain species of parasites and the occurrence of nematode species demonstrated a variation in response to the pollution gradient.
    Description: Alterações na biodiversidade de comunidades parasitárias são utilizadas como indicadoras da saúde de sistemas ecológicos, pois refletem impactos ambientais mediante suas respostas às alterações no habitat. Investigou-se o potencial uso de nematoides de Geophagus brasiliensis como indicadores de alterações ambientais mediante o registro de sua presença e ausência. Foram determinados três pontos amostrais no rio Iguaçu com diferentes graus de impacto ambiental. Entre os 69 espécimes de G. brasiliensis analisados, 32 (46,3%) estavam parasitados por pelo menos um parasita. Um total de 56 espécimes de endoparasitas pertencentes a Nematoda foram coletados. A abundância de espécies de nematoides foi significativamente maior em peixes coletados no ponto 3 (Kruskal-Wallis 2;69 = 8,62; p = 0,01) e a composição das espécies entre os pontos foram significativamente diferentes (F = 6,95, p = 0,002). Não houve diferença significativa no fator de condição relativo (Kn) de G. brasiliensis entre os pontos (F2;66 = 2,54; p = 0,08) e na correlação entre o Kn e a abundância de nematoides (rs = 0,1; p = 0,4). A menor abundância foi verificada no ponto 1 (criticamente degradado), devido a esse ambiente apresentar alterações nos fatores abióticos e na estrutura biológica, quando comparado com os pontos 2 e 3 (moderadamente degradados). Os resultados obtidos indicam que a comunidade parasitária de G. brasiliensis é caracterizada por baixa diversidade em locais poluídos, portanto a ausência de certas espécies de parasitas e a ocorrência de espécies de nematoides demonstraram uma variação em resposta ao gradiente de poluição.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Ictioparasitologia de água doce ; Ecotoxicologia aquática ; Rio impactado ; Parasitas ; Ecotoxicologia ; Bioindicadores ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::P::Parasites ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecotoxicology ; ASFA_2015::B::Bioindicators ; ASFA_2015::I::Impacts
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 26pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-09-02
    Description: Biodiversity encompasses multiple aspects or facets changing in space and time. Before a loss of biodiversity in response to anthropogenic impacts it is of the utmost importance to determine what facets of biodiversity are altered and the determinants of such changes. By using information from species abundance, their evolutionary relatedness, and ecological traits we determine how the dissimilarity in composition of fish communities is influenced by temporal changes in land use and changes in environmental heterogeneity across space. In the first approach, we can see that changes in land use over time affected mainly the substitution of evolutionary lineages and functional traits. In the second approach, we find evidence of taxonomic and functional homogenization over time, likely following a decrease in diversity of traits related to habitat use. Furthermore, we found that ecological traits contributed differently to the changes in functional composition as well in their response to environmental heterogeneity. These results support recently evidence showing that anthropogenic impacts are driving changes in biological communities through a taxonomic and functional homogenization.
    Description: A biodiversidade está constituída por múltiplos aspectos ou facetas que mudam no espaço e tempo. Ante um cenário de perda de diversidade em resposta a impactos antropogênicos é urgente determinar quais aspectos da biodiversidade estão sendo alterados e os determinantes de tais mudanças. Usando informação de abundância de espécies, suas relações evolutivas e características ecológicas, determinamos como dissimilaridade da composição entre comunidades de peixes é influenciada por mudanças no uso da terra ao longo do tempo e mudanças da heterogeneidade ambiental no espaço. Na primeira abordagem, podemos ver que ao longo do tempo as mudanças no uso da terra afetam principalmente a substituição de linhagens evolutivas e características ecológicas. Na segunda abordagem, encontramos evidência de que as comunidades estão sendo homogeneizadas taxonômica e funcionalmente ao longo do tempo, provavelmente devido à perda de diversidade em características relacionadas ao uso de habitat. Ademais, encontramos que as características ecológicas contribuem de forma diferente para as mudanças na composição funcional e apresentam diferenças na resposta à heterogeneidade ambiental. Esses resultados suportam evidências de que impactos antropogênicos estão levando a mudanças nas comunidades biológicas, as quais estão tendendo a perder diversidade mediante homogeneização taxonômica e funcional
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Impactos ambientais antropogênicos ; Mudanças espaciais e temporais ; Diversidades funcional e filogenética ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::L::Land use ; ASFA_2015::P::Phylogenetics ; ASFA_2015::F::Functional analysis ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecological diversity ; ASFA_2015::T::Temporal variations ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 89pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-09-02
    Description: Different ecological processes (e.g., rescue effect, environmental filtering, limiting similarity and dispersal) shape the structure of ecological communities. These processes, which are related to the theories of metapopulation and metacommunities, guided this study. For this purpose, data from fish communities in streams in the Upper Araguaia river basin (Mato Grosso and the Goiás States, Brazil) were used. It was observed that the regional distribution of fish species was modelled according to niche attributes (position and breadth), body size, trophic position, and swimming capacity. The results indicated that average abundance, niche position and niche amplitude predict the regional distribution of the species. Taken together, these results suggest the importance of metapopulation dynamics and niche-based processes explaining the regional distribution of species in the studied system. At another time, it was tested whether the abundance of subordinate species (i.e., any species that are not dominant in a local community) was correlated with the functional distance between dominant and subordinate species. In the results, a negative relationship between these quantities and that the subordinate species had larger body sizes compared to the dominant species in the local communities. These results also suggest that species filtering is more important than the interspecific competition to explain the patterns of species abundance distribution. In this study, was analyzed the relative importance of local environmental, landscape and spatial variables in structuring fish communities in streams of “veredas” (small wetlands in the Cerrado). The local environmental variables, after controlling the effect of space, were clearly more important than those obtained at the landscape scale. In view of the observations, it is concluded that the use of landscape data, in studies seeking environmental correlates of local community structure, should not occur at the expense of obtaining local variables (mainly those related to the habitat structure). The results of the three investigations in this study shown the predominant role of local environmental filters in the structuring of the fish communities analyzed. Species with high niche amplitude tend to have wide regional distributions and small-bodied ones tend to be locally dominant.
    Description: Diversos processos ecológicos, tais como efeito resgate, filtragem ambiental, similaridade limitante e dispersão atuam na estruturação das comunidades. Esses processos, relacionados às teorias de metapopulação e metacomunidades, direcionaram este estudo. Para tanto, dados de comunidades de peixes em riachos do Alto da bacia do rio Araguaia (estados do Mato Grosso e Goiás, Brasil) foram utilizados. Foi observado que a distribuição regional das espécies de peixes em função de atributos do nicho (posição e amplitude), tamanho do corpo, posição trófica e capacidade natatória. Observou-se que apenas a abundância média, a posição de nicho e a amplitude de nicho predizem a distribuição regional das espécies. Em conjunto, esses resultados indicam a importância da dinâmica metapopulacional e de processos baseados no nicho para explicar a distribuição regional das espécies de peixes de riachos do Cerrado. Em outro momento, foi testado se a abundância de espécies subordinadas (i.e., quaisquer espécies que não são dominantes numa comunidade local) estava correlacionada com a distância funcional entre espécies dominantes e subordinadas. Nos resultados, encontrou-se uma relação negativa entre essas quantidades e que as espécies subordinadas apresentavam maiores tamanhos corpóreos em comparação com as espécies dominantes nas comunidades locais. Esses resultados mostram que a filtragem de espécies é mais importante que a competição interespecífica para explicar a distribuição da abundância entre as espécies. Neste estudo, foi analisada a importância relativa de variáveis ambientais locais, da paisagem e espaciais na estruturação de comunidades de peixes de riachos de veredas (pequenas áreas úmidas do Cerrado). As variáveis ambientais locais, após controlar o efeito do espaço, foram claramente mais importantes que aquelas obtidas na escala da paisagem. Diante das observações, conclui-se que a obtenção de dados de paisagem, em estudos que buscam variáveis ambientais relacionadas com a estruturação de comunidades locais, não deve ocorrer em detrimento da obtenção de variáveis locais (principalmente aquelas relacionadas com a estruturação dos habitats). Os resultados das três investigações deste estudo mostram o papel preponderante de filtros ambientais locais na estruturação das comunidades de peixes em riachos do Cerrado. Espécies de peixes com maiores amplitudes de nicho tendem a apresentar maiores distribuições regionais e espécies com menores tamanhos corpóreos tendem a ser localmente dominantes.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de riachos de cerrado ; Ecologia funcional ; Peixes de riachos de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Escala espaço-temporal ; Diversidade funcional ; Variáveis ambientais ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::S::Stream ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Functional analysis ; ASFA_2015::N::Niches ; ASFA_2015::D::Dispersion ; ASFA_2015::A::Abundance ; ASFA_2015::F::Filters
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 105pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-09-07
    Description: The diversity of aquatic macrophytes provides different local conditions, containing more microhabitat than homogeneous systems, thus supporting diverse biotic communities. Considering that the diversity of these plants can affect the invertebrate community and, consequently, the associated fish diet, this study assessed the influence of macrophyte diversity on the abundance, richness, and diversity of invertebrates, and the diet of Moenkhausia forestii. Fish, invertebrates, and macrophytes were sampled in macrophyte stands with different diversities, distributed along with a 14 km extension of the coastal region of Rio Baía (Upper Paraná River floodplain). The stands were separated into low, medium and high diversity, and they all had biomass that did not differ significantly. The invertebrates associated with the macrophytes and those consumed by M. forestii were identified and counted. Differences in abundance, richness, and diversity of invertebrates between levels of macrophyte diversity (low, medium and high) were tested using an ANOVA. Differences in the composition of the M. forestii diet were tested using a PERMANOVA, and feeding selectivity was calculated using the Ivlev index. Richness, diversity, and abundance of invertebrates were greater in high diversity macrophyte stands, however, for abundance, there was no significant difference between the levels of macrophyte diversity. The diet of M. forestii differed significantly between stands, and aquatic plants were the most used resource in low diversity. Invertebrates were dominant in high diversity, while aquatic plants and invertebrates were important in medium diversity of macrophytes. These results indicate that invertebrate communities were influenced by the diversity of macrophytes since richer and more diverse communities were also associated with more diverse stands of these plants. Changes observed in the diet of M. forestii were also associated with the diversity of macrophytes. In a scenario where involving changes in the attributes of these plants, and these stands become dominated by one or a few species of macrophytes, it is expected that this will reflect on other trophic levels, even at a local scale.
    Description: A diversidade de macrófitas aquáticas proporciona condições locais distintas, de modo a conter mais micro-habitat do que sistemas homogêneos, sustentando assim comunidades associadas diversas. Considerando que a diversidade destas plantas pode influenciar a comunidade de invertebrados e, consequentemente, a dieta de peixes associados, este estudo avaliou a influência da diversidade de macrófitas sobre a abundância, riqueza e diversidade de invertebrados, e sobre a dieta de Moenkhausia forestii. Peixes, invertebrados e macrófitas foram amostrados em bancos de macrófitas com diferentes diversidades, distribuídos ao longo de 14 km de extensão da região litorânea do rio Baía (planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná). Os bancos de macrófitas foram categorizados em diversidade baixa, média e alta, e todos apresentaram biomassa que não diferiram significativamente. Os invertebrados associados à macrófitas e os consumidos por M. forestii foram identificados e contados. Diferenças na abundância, riqueza e diversidade de invertebrados entre os níveis de diversidade de macrófitas (baixa, média e alta) foram testadas por uma ANOVA. Diferenças na composição da dieta de M. forestii entre os níveis de diversidade foram avaliadas por uma PERMANOVA. A riqueza, a diversidade e a abundância de invertebrados foram maiores em bancos de macrófitas com maior diversidade, porém para a abundância não houve diferença significativa entre os níveis de diversidade de macrófitas. A dieta de M. forestii diferiu significativamente entre os bancos, sendo que vegetal foi o recurso mais utilizado em baixa diversidade de macrófitas, invertebrado foi dominante em alta diversidade e vegetal e invertebrado foram importantes em média diversidade de macrófitas. Estes resultados indicam que as comunidades de invertebrados foram influenciadas pela diversidade de macrófitas, visto que comunidades mais ricas e diversas estiveram também associadas a bancos mais diversos destas plantas. As alterações constatadas na dieta de M. forestii também estiveram associadas à diversidade de macrófitas. A espécie passou de uma dieta onívora, em bancos de baixa diversidade, para uma dieta invertívora em bancos com alta diversidade de macrófitas. Assim, em um cenário onde haja mudanças nos atributos dessas plantas, e esses bancos passem a ser dominados por uma ou poucas espécies de macrófitas, é esperado que isso se reflita para os outros níveis tróficos, ainda que em uma escala local.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Macrófitas aquáticas ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Ecologia trófica ; Diversidade ; Peixes ; Alimentação ; Nicho ; Amplitude ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecological diversity ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecology ; ASFA_2015::T::Trophic levels ; ASFA_2015::N::Niches ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::I::Invertebrate zoology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 32pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-04
    Description: El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a natural phenomenon that generates El Niño and La Niña events worldwide. Among the consequences caused by this climatic fluctuation, there are changes in the rainfall regime, which can trigger in times of extreme drought or extreme flood in freshwater environments, such as floodplains. The floodplain flood phases cause homogenization between the different environments, which also cause the homogenization of the fish assemblage in these floodplains. Among the rivers affected by ENSO is the Rio Paraná and the floodplain associated with its upper stretch, the upper Rio Paraná floodplain (UPRF). We aimed to study if El Niño phenomena change the functional diversity of fish in the floodplain between different environments, lakes and rivers. The results answered the hypotheses that: 1. El Niño events intensify floods in UPRF and, consequently, promote a functional homogenization of the fish assemblage; 2. Different functional guilds will be favored in times of El Niño or La Niña. The measurement of ENSO was obtained by the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), while the hydrometric level of the upper Rio Paraná was obtained by daily measurement on a hydrometric ruler. The fish were collected with gillnets in different environments of the floodplain, lakes and rivers, being grouped in reproductive and trophic guilds, used to calculate indices of functional diversity. It was tested how ONI affects the hydrometric level of the upper Rio Paraná (Pearson's correlation); how ENSO affects the functional composition of floodplain fish (PCoA; PERMANOVA), as well as the effect of homogenization; which functional guilds are favored in El Niño or La Niña events and whether there is an additive effect of ONI and hydrometric level on the functional composition of the floodplain fish. The hydrometric level presented a positive correlation with ONI, indicating that El Niño events cause flooding in the upper Paraná River, while La Niña drought. The effect of El Niño's functional homogenization on fish was more visible in lakes, with rivers being less affected by ENSO, and floods were not intense enough to homogenize these two types of environment, this may be the same for other floodplains where ENSO acts in the same way. Fish with parental care and invertivores were favored in El Niño events, while herbivorous and piscivorous fish were favored in La Niña events. Migratory fish appears to respond one year after these climatic events, as they have a long-life cycle. The additive effect of ENSO and hydrometric level on the functional composition wasn’t found, because other regional and local factors can influence this interaction. However, even with these factors, the fish assemblage from the floodplain still responds to these climatic fluctuations, being more homogeneous in El Niño events than in La Niña events.
    Description: El Niño Oscilação Sul (El Niño Southern Oscillation – ENSO) é um fenômeno natural que gera eventos de El Niño e La Niña no mundo todo. Dentre as consequências causadas por essa oscilação climática, existem alterações no regime pluviométrico, que podem desencadear em épocas de extrema seca ou extrema cheia em ambientes de água doce, como as planícies de inundação. As fases de cheia de planícies de inundação causam uma homogeneização entre os diferentes ambientes, o que também causa a homogeneização da assembleia de peixes dessas planícies. Dentre os rios afetados por ENSO encontra-se o rio Paraná e a planície de inundação associada ao seu trecho superior, a planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná (PIARP). Estudou-se o fenômeno de El Niño e por meio da amostragem constatou-se mudanças na diversidade funcional dos peixes da planície de inundação entre diferentes ambientes, lagoas e rios. Os resultados responderam as hipóteses de que: 1. Eventos de El Niño intensifiquem cheias na PIARP e, consequentemente, provoquem uma homogeneização funcional da assembleia de peixes; 2. Diferentes guildas funcionais serão favorecidas em épocas de El Niño ou La Niña. Obteve-se a mensuração de ENSO pelo índice de ONI (Oceanic Niño Index), enquanto que o nível hidrométrico do alto rio Paraná foi obtido pela medição diária em uma régua hidrométrica. Os peixes foram coletados com redes de espera em diferentes ambientes da planície de inundação, lagoas e rios, sendo agrupados em guildas reprodutivas e alimentares, usados para calcular índices de diversidade funcional. Testou-se como o ONI afeta o nível hidrométrico do alto rio Paraná (correlação de Pearson); como o ENSO afeta a composição funcional dos peixes da planície de inundação (PCoA; PERMANOVA), bem como o efeito da homogeneização; quais guildas funcionais são favorecidas em eventos de El Niño ou La Niña e se há efeito aditivo de ONI e nível hidrométrico sobre a composição funcional dos peixes da planície. O nível hidrométrico apresentou correlação positiva com ONI, indicando que eventos de El Niño causam cheias no alto rio Paraná, enquanto La Niña, seca. O efeito da homogeneização funcional de El Niño sobre os peixes foi mais visível em lagoas, sendo que os rios foram menos afetados por ENSO, e as cheias não foram intensas o suficiente para homogeneizarem esses dois tipos de ambiente, podendo ser o mesmo para demais planícies de inundação onde ENSO age da mesma maneira. Peixes com cuidado parental e invertívoros foram favorecidos em épocas de El Niño, enquanto que, peixes herbívoros e piscívoros foram favorecidos em épocas de La Niña. Os peixes migradores aparentam responder um ano após esses eventos climáticos, por possuírem ciclo de vida longo. O efeito aditivo de ONI e nível hidrométrico sobre a composição funcional não foi encontrado, sendo que outros fatores regionais e locais podem influenciar nessa interação. Entretanto, mesmo com esses fatores a assembleia de peixes da planície de inundação ainda responde à essas oscilações climáticas, sendo mais homogênea em eventos de El Niño do que em eventos de La Niña.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce, Assembleia de ; El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENSO) ; Diversidade e índices funcionais ; Mudanças climáticas ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::A::Assemblages ; ASFA_2015::D::Diversity index ; ASFA_2015::I::Impacts ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::E::El Nino phenomena
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 49pp.
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  • 28
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-04
    Description: We evaluated the effects of El Niño Southern Oscillation in the fish assemblages of the upper Paraná River floodplain. Specifically, we tested if: (i) reservoirs regulate ENSO effects on the hydrometric level in the rivers that compose the plain (Rio Paraná – intensely dammed and Rio Ivinhema – not dammed); (ii) ENSO events influence the structure of the fish assemblages of the study rivers; and that (iii) the hydrometric level and the ENSO events will act synergistically on the structure of the fish assemblage of the Rio Paraná and Rio Ivinhema. ENSO data was gathered at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), using as proxy the “Oceanic Niño Index” (ONI). Water level data were gathered from the hydrological stations located in the sampled area. Fish samplings were carried out quarterly between the years 2000 and 2018. In general, ENSO events were correlated with the hydrometric level of the Rio Paraná and Rio Ivinhema, but with lower correlation for the Rio Paraná, probably due to the effects of dams upstream the plain. The fish assemblages of the Rio Paraná and Rio Ivinhema presented distinct structures, and the ENSO events appeared to influence this differentiation. Migratory species were negatively correlated with ONI, but the greatest abundances were found one year after the events of El Niño ("Lag" of one year). Higher values of the attributes of the fish assemblages were recorded for the Rio Ivinhema, in all events of ENSO (La Niña, Neutral and El Niño), probably because it presents more pristine conditions. The hydrometric level and the ENSO events act synergistically, but distinctively in the study rivers, which should be related to their degree of impacts. Thus, the influence of ENSO in the studied area is apparently minimized, especially in the Rio Paraná, due to the flow control imposed by dams located upstream of the area.
    Description: Avaliou-se os efeitos do El Niño Oscilação Sul (El Niño Southern Oscillation-ENSO) nas assembleias de peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Especificamente, foram testados: (i) os reservatórios minimizam os efeitos do ENSO no nível hidrométrico nos rios que compõem a planície (rios Paraná - intensamente represado e Ivinhema - não represado); (ii) os eventos ENSO influenciam a estrutura das assembleias de peixes dos rios estudados; (iii) o nível hidrométrico e os eventos ENSO atuam sinergicamente na estrutura da assembleia de peixes dos rios Paraná e Ivinhema. Coletaram-se os dados do ENSO no National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), utilizando como proxy o "Índice Niño Oceânico" (Oceanic Niño Index-ONI). Os dados do nível hidrométrico foram coletados nas estações fluviométricas localizadas na área de estudo. As amostragens de peixes transcorreram trimestralmente entre os anos 2000 e 2018. Em geral, os eventos ENSO correlacionaram-se com o nível hidrométrico dos rios Paraná e Ivinhema, mas com menor correlação para o rio Paraná, provavelmente devido aos efeitos de barragens a montante da planície. As assembleias de peixes dos respectivos rios apresentaram estruturas distintas, e os eventos ENSO pareciam influenciar essa diferenciação. As espécies migradoras possuem correlação negativa com o ONI, mas com registro de maiores abundâncias um ano após os eventos de El Niño ("Lag" de um ano). Maiores valores de riqueza e abundancia total de espécies registradas para o rio Ivinhema, em todos os eventos do ENSO (La Niña, Neutro e El Niño), provavelmente por apresentar condições mais pristinas. O nível hidrométrico e os eventos do ENSO atuam sinergicamente, mas de maneira distinta nos rios estudados, o que deve estar relacionado ao grau de impacto antrópico. Assim, a influência do ENSO na área de estudo é aparentemente minimizada, principalmente no rio Paraná, devido ao controle de vazão imposto por barragens localizadas a montante da área.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce, Assembleia de ; El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) ; Diversidade taxonômica ; Mudanças climáticas ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::A::Assemblages ; ASFA_2015::E::El Nino phenomena ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 41pp.
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Trathan, P. N., Wienecke, B., Barbraud, C., Jenouvrier, S., Kooyman, G., Le Bohec, C., Ainley, D. G., Ancel, A., Zitterbart, D. P., Chown, S. L., LaRue, M., Cristofari, R., Younger, J., Clucas, G., Bost, C., Brown, J. A., Gillett, H. J., & Fretwell, P. T. The emperor penguin - vulnerable to projected rates of warming and sea ice loss. Biological Conservation, 241, (2020): 108216, doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108216.
    Description: We argue the need to improve climate change forecasting for ecology, and importantly, how to relate long-term projections to conservation. As an example, we discuss the need for effective management of one species, the emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri. This species is unique amongst birds in that its breeding habit is critically dependent upon seasonal fast ice. Here, we review its vulnerability to ongoing and projected climate change, given that sea ice is susceptible to changes in winds and temperatures. We consider published projections of future emperor penguin population status in response to changing environments. Furthermore, we evaluate the current IUCN Red List status for the species, and recommend that its status be changed to Vulnerable, based on different modelling projections of population decrease of ≥50% over the current century, and the specific traits of the species. We conclude that current conservation measures are inadequate to protect the species under future projected scenarios. Only a reduction in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions will reduce threats to the emperor penguin from altered wind regimes, rising temperatures and melting sea ice; until such time, other conservation actions are necessary, including increased spatial protection at breeding sites and foraging locations. The designation of large-scale marine spatial protection across its range would benefit the species, particularly in areas that have a high probability of becoming future climate change refugia. We also recommend that the emperor penguin is listed by the Antarctic Treaty as an Antarctic Specially Protected Species, with development of a species Action Plan.
    Description: We thank Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Tony Phillips and Kevin Hughes for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. PNT acknowledges the support of WWF-UK under GB095701 and SJ the support of NSF OPP1744794 and 1643901.
    Keywords: Antarctic ; Climate change ; Aptenodytes forsteri ; IUCN Red List threat status ; Protection ; Conservation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 30
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    Unknown
    American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Physical Oceanography 50(1), (2020): 255-268, doi:10.1175/JPO-D-19-0166.1.
    Description: Regional connectivity is important to the global climate salinity response, particularly because salinity anomalies do not have a damping feedback with atmospheric freshwater fluxes and may therefore be advected over long distances by ocean circulation, resulting in nonlocal influences. Climate model intercomparison experiments such as CMIP5 exhibit large uncertainty in some aspects of the salinity response, hypothesized here to be a result of ocean dynamics. We use two types of Lagrangian particle tracking experiments to investigate pathways of exchange for salinity anomalies. The first uses forward trajectories to estimate average transport time scales between water cycle regimes. The second uses reverse trajectories and a freshwater accumulation method to quantitatively identify remote influences in the salinity response. Additionally, we compare velocity fields with both resolved and parameterized eddies to understand the impact of eddy stirring on intergyre exchange. These experiments show that surface anomalies are readily exchanged within the ocean gyres by the mean circulation, but intergyre exchange is slower and largely eddy driven. These dynamics are used to analyze the North Atlantic salinity response to climate warming and water cycle intensification, where the system is broadly forced with fresh surface anomalies in the subpolar gyre and salty surface anomalies in the subtropical gyres. Under these competing forcings, strong intergyre eddy fluxes carry anomalously salty subtropical water into the subpolar gyre which balances out much of the local freshwater input.
    Description: We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. We also thank the creators of the SODA and ECCO reanalysis products. This work was supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program Award 80NSSC17K0372, and by National Science Foundation Award OCE-1433132. The SODA outputs used here can be accessed at http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~ocean/, and the ECCO outputs at https://ecco.jpl.nasa.gov/. Data from the CMIP5 ensemble is available at https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/projects/esgf-llnl/. The particle tracking code used for these experiments can be found at https://github.com/slevang/particle-tracking.
    Description: 2020-07-20
    Keywords: North Atlantic Ocean ; Eddies ; Hydrologic cycle ; Lagrangian circulation/transport ; Transport ; Climate change
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 33(9), (2020): 3863-3882, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0687.1.
    Description: The direct response of the cold-season atmospheric circulation to the Arctic sea ice loss is estimated from observed sea ice concentration (SIC) and an atmospheric reanalysis, assuming that the atmospheric response to the long-term sea ice loss is the same as that to interannual pan-Arctic SIC fluctuations with identical spatial patterns. No large-scale relationship with previous interannual SIC fluctuations is found in October and November, but a negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)/Arctic Oscillation follows the pan-Arctic SIC fluctuations from December to March. The signal is field significant in the stratosphere in December, and in the troposphere and tropopause thereafter. However, multiple regressions indicate that the stratospheric December signal is largely due to concomitant Siberian snow-cover anomalies. On the other hand, the tropospheric January–March NAO signals can be unambiguously attributed to SIC variability, with an Iceland high approaching 45 m at 500 hPa, a 2°C surface air warming in northeastern Canada, and a modulation of blocking activity in the North Atlantic sector. In March, a 1°C northern Europe cooling is also attributed to SIC. An SIC impact on the warm Arctic–cold Eurasia pattern is only found in February in relation to January SIC. Extrapolating the most robust results suggests that, in the absence of other forcings, the SIC loss between 1979 and 2016 would have induced a 2°–3°C decade−1 winter warming in northeastern North America and a 40–60 m decade−1 increase in the height of the Iceland high, if linearity and perpetual winter conditions could be assumed.
    Description: This research was supported by the Blue-Action project (European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, Grant 727852) and by the National Science Foundation (OPP 1736738).
    Description: 2020-10-06
    Keywords: Atmosphere-ocean interaction ; Climate change ; Climate variability ; Ice loss/growth
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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