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  • Institute of Physics (IOP)  (12.834)
  • 2015-2019  (12.834)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979
  • 1950-1954
  • 2017  (12.834)
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  • 2015-2019  (12.834)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979
  • 1950-1954
Jahr
  • 101
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    The research of far infrared flame retardant polyester staple fiber (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Far infrared flame retardant slices was prepared, fiber with far infrared flame retardant composite function was also prepared by the method of melt spinning. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the fibrous microscopic structure. In the SEM images, functional ultrafine powder particle size and distribution in the fiber were visible. The results show that the functional ultrafine powder is evenly distributed on the fibrous surface, which is closely combined with fiber, and the far infrared emissivity is F, which is more than (8 to 14 microns) 0.88. Far infrared flame retardant polyester fiber has not only good flame retardant, but also environmental health effect: releasing negative ions and launch far-infrared, which shows wide application prospect. The fiber was processed into far-infrared flame retardant electric blanket, whose functional indicators and flame retardant properties are not reduced.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
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    Thema: Maschinenbau
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  • 102
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    Investigation on the formation of projections and cracks in anodic oxidation of reaction-sintered silicon carbide (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Among the present oxidation-assisted polishing (OAP) technique, anodic oxidation is a promising method to process reaction-sintered silicon carbide (RS-SiC) with the assistance of abrasive polishing. Projections and cracks are inevitably formed in the anodic oxidation of RS-SiC for the volume expansion force. Evolvements of the oxide morphologies along with different oxidation voltage and different oxidation time are investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). It can be found that when the oxidation time stays the same, size of the projections and cracks on the oxidized RS-SiC sample is gradually enlarged. Meanwhile, when the oxidation voltage stays the same, size of the projections and cracks on the oxidized RS-SiC sample is also enlarged. Details of projections and cracks on the oxidized RS-SiC sample are obtained by the SEM with high magnification. Based on the theoretical derivation, it can be concluded that the formations of projections and cracks depend on the inne...
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  • 103
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    Preparation techniques of the submicron lithium titanate materials by electro-spinning (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Combining sol-gel process and electro-spinning, the submicron lithium titanate materials are prepared with lithium acetate and titanium tetraisopropanolate respectively as the lithium and titanium sources, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the template. It's found by scanning electron microscope(SEM )that, the prepared lithium titanate materials are characterized by the fiber diameter 150~200nm, a large number of irregular indentations in the surface, and the larger specific surface area than that before calcination. The lithium titanate cell receives charge-discharge test and cyclic voltammetry. The capacity of the submicron lithium titanate materials is up to 160mAh·g-1 at the rate of 0.1C, and it's revealed by cyclic voltammetry that the cell in the charge or discharge process undergoes a single redox reaction, but having good reversibility.
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  • 104
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    Porosity evolution in additively manufactured aluminium alloy during high temperature exposure (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: A 2319 aluminum alloy is deposited by the Wire+Arc Additive Manufacturing technology with Cold Metal Transfer process. Porosity that are both existing in the as-deposited and as-heat treated state metal are revealed by optical microscopy and quantitatively analyzed. It explains the reason why the newly initiated pores are easily tend to gather between each layer around the fusion line zone for the WAAM metal after heat treatment. The inner morphology of the pores are demonstrated by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Porosity evolution and distribution during high temperature exposure are demonstrated. Thus two porosity growth and number increase mechanisms are proposed eventually, providing theoretical basis for related material design and process optimization.
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  • 105
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    Research on compressive strength of recycled cement mortar after high temperature (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: In order to study cube compressive strength of recycled fine aggregate cement mortar after different temperatures, with the affect parameters between replacement rate of recycled fine aggregate and temperature, 45 standard cube test blocks were designed and produced to carry out compressive strength test. The failure process and failure mode of test blocks were observed. Ultimate compressive strength of cube blocks were measured, the relations between cube compressive strength and the replacement rates of recycled fine aggregate under different temperatures as well as the relations between cube compressive strength and temperatures under different replacement rates were all analyzed, the influence change parameters made on cube compressive strength was discussed. The results showed: the failure process and the failure mode of recycled fine aggregate cement mortar and the failure process and the failure mode of nature is similar; when the temperature reached 400°C, the block has ...
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  • 106
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    An efficient synthesis of 3,4-Dihydrofuro [3,4-B] [1,4] dioxepine-6,8-dicarboxylic Acid (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: As a class of important conjugated polymers, electroluminescent material of polyfuran possess a lot of merits, including good stability, structure is easy to be modified and controllable electrochemical properties. This study uses ethylene diglycol, diethyl oxalate, 1,3- dibromopropane and so on as raw materials to synthesize 3, 4 - ethylenedioxy furan monomer and similar derivatives via oxidation, acetylation, hydrolysis and elimination reaction, etc.
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  • 107
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    Pollution evaluation of heavy metals in soil near smelting area by index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: In order to investigate the heavy metal pollution conditions of soil of smelting area in Zijiang of Chenzhou, Hunan province, 42 samples were studied. The concentrations of heavy metals As, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu in the soil were determined by using atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS). Then the potential pollution risks of heavy metal in the soil were evaluated by method of geological acumination index (I geo ). The results indicated that the average concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu were 187.79, 2074.52, 15.72, 2178.89, 39.69 mg/kg respectively. The geological evaluation of the cumulative index results showed that the contamination degree of 5 heavy metals follow the sequence of Cd〉 Zn 〉Pb 〉 As 〉Cu. The results show that Cd reached extremely pollution degree, Zn reached strong pollution-extremely pollution levels, the pollution of Pb in the soil is classified as strong pollution degree, Cu and As of no pollution ac...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
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    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 108
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    Spatial-temporal analysis of sea level changes in China seas and neighboring oceans by merged altimeter data (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: The knowledge of sea level changes is critical important for social, economic and scientific development in coastal areas. Satellite altimeter makes it possible to observe long term and large scale dynamic changes in the ocean, contiguous shelf seas and coastal zone. In this paper, 1993-2015 altimeter data of Topex/Poseidon and its follow-on missions is used to get a time serious of continuous and homogeneous sea level anomaly gridding product. The sea level rising rate is 0.39 cm/yr in China Seas and the neighboring oceans, 0.37 cm/yr in the Bo and Yellow Sea, 0.29 cm/yr in the East China Sea and 0.40 cm/yr in the South China Sea. The mean sea level and its rising rate are spatial-temporal non-homogeneous. The mean sea level shows opposite characteristics in coastal seas versus open oceans. The Bo and Yellow Sea has the most significant seasonal variability. The results are consistent with in situ data observation by the Nation Ocean Agency of China. The coefficient of variabil...
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    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
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  • 109
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    Propane dehydrogenation over PtSnMg/Cr 2 O 3 ·Al 2 O 3 catalysts: effect of the amount of Mg loading (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: A series of PtSnMg/Cr 2 O 3 ·Al 2 O 3 catalysts with different Mg loading amounts were synthetized by chemical co-deposition method and their propane dehydrogenation catalytic performances were tested. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, TG, XPS. It was found that alkali metal Mg can reduce the surface acidity of carrier, improve the catalytic performance. Propane conversion peaks at Mg loading of 0.6wt.%, increasing Mg loading further than this saw a decline in conversion.
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  • 110
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    A multi-scale micromechanical investigation on thermal conductivity of cement-based composites (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Cement-based composites (CBCs) are one of the most widely used materials in construction. An appealing characterization of thermal conductivity of CBCs plays an essential role to evaluate the energy consumption in buildings and to facilitate the development of novel thermal insulation materials. Based on Eshelby equivalent inclusion principle and multi-scale methodology, this paper attempted to present a generalized multi-scale micromechanical model in terms of thermal performance of the CBCs, which covers some classic models for thermal conductivity estimation. A Mori-Tanaka homogenization method was applied to investigate the thermal conductivity of the CBCs of different compounds, water-to-cement ratios and curing ages. In addition, saturation degree factor was considered. The results of this model are in good agreement with the experimental value, showing that the multi-scale model developed in this paper is able to evaluate the thermal conductivity of the CBCs in different ...
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  • 111
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    Ce-doped titania nanoparticles: The effects of doped amount and calcination temperature on photocatalytic activity (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: A series of Ce-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles with different doped amount and calcination temperature were prepared by sol-gel method. These obtained samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), and their photocatalytic activities were evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. Results showed that Ce doping inhibits the growth of crystal size and the phase transformation from anatase to rutile, leads to lattice distortion and expansion of TiO 2 . Furthermore, Ce doping brings the red-shift of absorption profile and the increase of photons absorption in the range of 400-600 nm. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange shows that Ce doping improves the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 . The optimal doped amount is 0.05 mol% and the optimal calcined temperature is 600 °C for the maximum photocatalytic degradation efficiency in ou...
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  • 112
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    Microstructure and mechanical properties of zirconium doped NiAl/Cr(Mo) hypoeutectic alloy prepared by injection casting (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: NiAl based materials has been considered as most potential candidate of turbine blade, due to its excellent high-temperature properties. However the bad room-temperature properties handicap its application. In the present paper, the zirconium doped NiAl/Cr(Mo) hypoeutectic alloy is fabricated by conventional casting and injection casting technology to improve its room-temperature properties. The microstructure and compressive properties at different temperatures of the conventionally-cast and injection-cast were investigated. The results exhibit that the conventionally-cast alloy comprises coarse primary NiAl phase and eutectic cell, which is dotted with irregular Ni 2 AlZr Heusler phase. Compared with the conventionally-cast alloy, the injection-cast alloy possesses refined the primary NiAl, eutectic cell and eutectic lamella. In addition, the Ni 2 AlZr Heusler phase become smaller and distribute uniformly. Moreover, the injection casting decrease the area fra...
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  • 113
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    Aging life evaluation of a new carbon fiber composite core wire (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: The carbon fiber composite core wire is the key component for new overhead transmission lines in the power industry. As the primary load-bearing member, the composite mandrel will produce long-term creep because of the tensile during operation. Therefore, designers need to understand the long-term deformation behaviour of the composite mandrel to assess its durability. To this end, an accelerated creep test on the composite core rod under different temperatures and stresses has been conducted in the current study. According to the time- temperature- stress superposition principle, the shift factors are calculated, and the creep under normal working condition is predicted. Results show that the carbon fiber composite core wire can satisfy the design requirements under normal working condition.
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  • 114
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    Fe 2 O 3 /TiO 2 nanocomposite photocatalyst prepared by supercritical fluid combination technique and its application in degradation of acrylic acid (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Fe 2 O 3 /TiO 2 nanocomposite photocatalysts were synthesized by supercritical fluid combination technique, consisting of sol-gel method and supercritical fluid drying. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by the degradation of acrylic acid. The results indicated that the Fe 2 O 3 /TiO 2 nanocomposite catalysts prepared by this novel technique showed significant improvement in catalytic activity compared with pure TiO 2 or Fe 2 O 3 /TiO 2 catalysts prepared by traditional drying. Both infrared and ultraviolet spectrum of Fe 2 O 3 /TiO 2 nanocomposite photocatalysts shift a little to lower wavelength indicating that the absorption threshold of Fe doped nanocomposite photocatalysts shift into the visible light region. This phenomenon was also attested by the photocatalytic degradation test under visible light.
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  • 115
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    Synthesis and characterization of structural and optical properties of single crystalline a-TiO 2 films on MgAl 2 O 4 (111) substrate (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Anatase phase TiO 2 (a-TiO 2 ) films have been deposited on MgAl 2 O 4 (111) substrates by the metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method at the substrate temperatures of 500-650°C. The structural analyses showed that the films were highly (004) oriented with tetragonal anatase structure and the epitaxial relationship was given as a-TiO 2 (004)||MgAl 2 O 4 (111). The sample prepared at 600°C exhibited the best crystallization with a single-crystalline epitaxial film. The average transmittance of every TiO 2 film in the visible range exceeded 90% excluding the influence of the substrate. The morphology and composition of the TiO 2 films have also been studied in detail.
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  • 116
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    Effects of flexoelectricity and surface elasticity on piezoelectric potential in a bent ZnO nanowire (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: In this work, a rapid model is established to study the effects of flexoelectricity and surface elasticity on the piezoelectric potential of a bent ZnO nanowire. Based on the piezoelectric theory and core-surface model, the distribution of piezoelectric potential of the ZnO nanowire is investigated. The analytical solution shows that the flexoelectricity and surface elasticity both significantly influence the piezoelectric potential. However, the effect of flexoelectricity is longitudinal dependent, which vanishes on the top side of nanowire, but only left surface elasticity effect on the potential. Simulation results show that the maximum value of potential on the top side of nanowire is about ± 220.5mV, of which result is lower compared to other theoretical models, but it should be more reasonable.
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  • 117
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    Understanding electronic and optical properties of strontium titanate at both PBE and HSE06 levels (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: The structural parameters, electronic structure and optical properties of strontium titanate have been investigated by the first-principles. Exchange–correlation effects are treated by the generalized gradient approximation(GGA) employing Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) functional and hybrid density functional Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof(HSE06). The direct-band gaps are equal to 2.06 and 3.73 eV under PBE and HSE06 level, respectively. The indirect-band gaps are equal to 1.67 and 3.33 eV under PBE and HSE06 level, respectively. The optical properties including complex dielectric function, absorption coefficient, refractivity and reflectivity index have been calculated. Meanwhile, the origin of the spectral peaks on the basis of the electronic band structures has been interpreted.
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  • 118
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    Synthesis of the few layered two-dimensional molybdenum oxide atomic crystal (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: We study the effect of substrate type, source temperature, and substrate position on the morphology of Alfa molybdenum oxide (α-MoO 3 ) in physical vapour deposition. We found that the orientation and thickness of the MoO 3 is strongly affected by the evaporated flow and temperature. Lying down, few layered (FL) MoO 3 can be grown directly on technical substrate such as SiO 2 with typical length scale of tens of micrometres. Our studies provide a simple, catalyst-free and low cost synthesis way to prepared large size FL MoO 3 for further optical and electrical investigation such as photodetector, field effect transistors, and electrochromism.
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  • 119
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    1st International Conference on New Material and Chemical Industry (NMCI2016) (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: The First International Conference on New Material and Chemical Industry (NMCI2016) was successfully held in Sanya, China during November 19-21, 2016. The conference was an annual forum for researchers and application developers in the area of material and chemical industry. This conference proceeding included 76 accepted articles selected from 197 submissions. We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers of these manuscripts, who provided constructive criticism and stimulated comments and suggestions to the authors. We are extremely grateful as organizers, technical program committee and editors and extend our most sincere thanks to all the authors for their excellent contribution and work. Our sincere gratitude also goes to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the proceeding. On behalf of The Organizing Committees of NMCI2016
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  • 120
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    Preparation of MgB 2 superconducting microbridges by focused ion beam direct milling (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: MgB 2 superconducting microbridges were prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) direct milling on MgB 2 films. The surface topography of the microbridges were observed using SEM and AFM and the superconductivity was measured in this paper. Lots of cracks and holes were found near the milled area. And the superconducting transition temperature was decreased a lot and the bridges prepared were not superconducting due to ion damage after milled with large dose. Through these works, we explored the effect regular of FIB milling and experimental parameters on the performance of microbridges.
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  • 121
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    Anti-corrosion and wear properties of plasma electrolytic oxidation coating formed on high Si content Al alloy by sectionalized oxidation mode (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: In this study, a uniform and less defective ceramic coating was prepared on high Si content aluminium alloys by a sectionalized plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) mode. The PEO process of Al-9 wt. % Si binary alloy was performed under constant current mode followed by constant voltage mode. The surface micrographs and chemical compositions of different samples were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Micro-hardness and reciprocal-sliding testers were used to measure the coatings hardness and tribological performance. It was found that the sectionalized PEO mode could produce hard and anti-friction passive oxide layers with smaller holes and fewer cracks on the Al-Si alloy, comparing with the single constant current mode. In addition, the results of polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests conducted in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution revealed that the coatings obtained by sectionalized PEO mode had a...
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  • 122
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    Development of gas fire detection system using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: The conventional fire detection methods mainly produce an alarm through detecting the changes in smoke concentration, flame radiation, heat and other physical parameters in the environment, but are unable to provide an early warning of a fire emergency. We have designed a gas fire detection system with a high detection sensitivity and high selectivity using the tunable semiconductor diode laser as a light source and combining wavelength modulation and harmonic detection technology. This system can invert the second harmonic signal obtained to obtain the concentration of carbon monoxide gas (a fire characteristic gas) so as to provide an early warning of fire. We reduce the system offset noise and the background noise generated due to the laser interference by deducting the system background spectrum lines from the second harmonic signal. This can also eliminate the interference of other gas spectral lines to a large extent. We detected the concentration of the carbon monoxide ga...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
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    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 123
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    Analysis on spatial transfer model of energy development layout and the ecological footprint affection (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Consider the global energy interconnection, the global is concentrating on carrying out clean energy alternative, which is mainly focusing on using the clean energy to take place of fossil energy, and change the global energy layout and ecological atmosphere condition. This research gives the energy spatial transfer model of energy development layout to analyse the global energy development layout condition and ecological affection. And it is a fast and direct method to analyse its energy usage process and environmental affection. The paper also gives out a system dynamics model of energy spatial transfer shows, which electric power transmission is better than original energy usage and transportation. It also gives the comparison of different parameters. The energy spatial transfer can affect the environment directly. Consider its three environmental factors, including energy saving, climate changing and conventional pollutant emission reduction, synthetic combine with the spati...
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  • 124
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    Effects of hot-rolling reduction on microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of high silicon steel produced by strip casting (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Non-oriented Fe-7.1wt.% Si as-cast strips were produced by twin-roll strip casting process. Then the as-cast strips were hot rolled with different reductions, followed by warm rolling and final annealing. The microstructure, texture evolution and magnetic properties were investigated in detail. The texture of hot rolled sheets with 40% reduction showed strongest {001} texture, whereas the dominated texture was turned into {110} and {110} as the reduction was increased to 56% and 68%. After warm rolling and annealing, the average grain size was decreased firstly and then increased with an increase in hot rolling reduction. In the case of 40% hot rolling reduction, the recrystallization texture was dominated by strong γ ( //ND) texture. With an increase in hot rolling reduction, the γ texture was gradually weakened while α ( //RD) texture was enhanced. In addition, relatively stronger {100} texture was presented in the sheet of 6...
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    Main challenges in demulsifier research and application (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Main challenges in demulsifier research, such as demulsification of ASP flooding produced liquid, demulsification of heavy oil produced liquid, low temperature demulsification and fast demulsification, are summarized. Some importance technology routes to solve the challenges are proposed according to demulsification mechanisms and emulsion characteristics. The proposed routes include increasing aromaticity, molecular weight and branch degree of demulsifiers, and introducing double-function groups to demulsifiers for W/O and O/W emulsions, or groups with alkyl matching with alkyl carbon number of the crude oil into demulsifier molecule. The demulsification mechanisms of the above-mentioned research routes are described in detail.
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    Tracing the evolution of degraders in activated sludge during the sludge’s acclimation to a xenobiotic organic (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: The molecular biology method of high-throughput pyrosequencing was employed to examine the change of activated sludge community structures during the process in which activated sludge was acclimated to and degraded a target xenobiotic. The sample xenobiotic organic compound used as the activated sludge acclimation target was the herbicide 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Indigenous activated sludge microorganisms were acclimated to 2,4-D as the sole carbon source in both the batch and the continuous-flow reaction modes. Sludge masses at multiple time points during the course of acclimation were subjected to pyrosequencing targeting the microorganisms’ 16S rRNA genes. With the bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing results the genera that increased in abundance were checked with degradative pathway databases or literature to confirm that they are commonly seen as potent degraders of 2,4-D. From this systematic examination of degrader changes at time points during activated sludge ac...
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    Numerical simulation on combustion and exhaust emission of staged combustor (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Aiming at the goal of low pollution and high efficiency, combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions of radial staged combustor are studied using a numerical simulation method. The result shows that the combustion efficiency of staged combustor is all over 97%. The emission of pollutants, especially the CO and NO x , is obviously reduced. The advantages of staged combustor cannot be fully exploited, when the airflow is evenly distributed in the double-head. Higher combustion efficiency and lower pollutant emission can be achieved with an appropriate flow distribution ratio.
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    Fabrication of Micro/Nano optical Fiber by Electrospinning Direct-writing (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Because of the excellent performance, Micro/Nano optical fiber has been more and more widely applied in passive photonic devices, micro-optical sensors, field of atomic manipulation, etc. Currently the main manufacturing mode of Micro/Nano optical fiber is the stretching method which is susceptible to air impact, vulnerable to contaminant and has poor reproducibility. In order to solve these problems, the fabrication of the Micro/Nano optical fiber by electrospinning direct-writing is researched in this article. The experimental platform is set up after the scheme of electrospinning direct-writing is designed. A series of comparative experiments are carried out with changing three experimental variables. The PMMA Micro/Nano optical fiber of controllable diameter is fabricated by regulating the distance between the sprinkler head and collecting plate, flow rate and concentration of PMMA solution. The testing results indicate that the light transmission power loss rate of the PMMA...
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    Dual phase Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 -TiO 2 hierarchical hollow microspheres as anode materials for high rate lithium-ion batteries (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Dual phase Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 -TiO 2 hierarchical hollow microspheres composed of nanosheets are successfully fabricated by the calcination of hydrothermal product obtained from lithium peroxotitanate complex solution. Low-cost industrial H 2 TiO 3 particles are chosen as titanium sources, which is significant for the inexpensive and large-scale production of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 -TiO 2 composite material. The Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 -TiO 2 electrode yields excellent rate capability (151, 139 and 134 mA h g -1 at 10, 20 and 25 C, respectively) and good cycling stability (96% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 10 C). The mesoporous hierarchical morphology and high grain boundary density are likely the contributing factors to the excellent electrochemical performance of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 -TiO 2 composite.
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    Classification and features of single-well flow units in a carbonate reservoir - Taking the NT oil field at the eastern edge of Pre-Caspian Basin as an example (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Identifying the carbonate reservoirs has always been a challenge to geological exploration, while reasonable classification of flow units is the bottleneck in this exploitation. While taking the NT oil field at the eastern edge of Pre-Caspian Basin as an example, this paper proposes the classification of flow units into five categories based on previous flow-unit classification theory and actual oilfield features by using the pore throat radius at the mercury injection saturation of 35% as the main judging criterion. In this paper, the features of various flow units have also been analyzed. The type-I flow units, mainly found in dolomite and algal reef limestone reservoirs, have the highest production capacity. Given the existence of corrosion and dolomitization, they are mainly fracture-cave composite reservoirs or fracture pore reservoirs. As far as the type-I flow units are concerned, the flow index is 〉 1.42 for KT-I stratum and 〉 1.55 for KT-II stratum. The production...
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    Synchronous rapid start-up of the methanation and anammox processes in two-stage ASBRs (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: The “methanation + anaerobic ammonia oxidation autotrophic denitrification” method was adopted by using anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBRs) and realized a satisfactory synchronous removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH 4 + -N) in wastewater after 75 days operation. 90% of COD was removed at a COD load of 1.2 kg/(m 3 •d) and 90% of TN was removed at a TN load of 0.14 kg/(m 3 •d). The anammox reaction ratio was estimated to be 1: 1.32: 0.26. The results showed that synchronous rapid start-up of the methanation and anaerobic ammonia oxidation processes in two-stage ASBRs was feasible.
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    Highly improved hydrogen storage capacity and kinetics of the nanocrystalline and amorphous PrMg 12 -type alloys by mechanical milling (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Nanocrystalline and amorphous PrMg 11 Ni + x wt.% Ni ( x = 100, 200) alloys were synthesized by mechanical milling. Effects of Ni content and milling duration on the structures, hydrogen storage capacity and kinetics of the as-milled alloys were investigated systematically. The structures were characterized by XRD and HRTEM. The hydrogen desorption activation energy was calculated by using Kissinger method. The results show that increasing Ni content dramatically improves the electrochemical discharge capacity of the as-milled alloys. Furthermore, the variation of milling time has a significant impact on the kinetics of the alloys. As the milling time increased, the high-rate discharge ability (HRD), gaseous hydrogen absorption capacity and hydrogenation rate increased at first but decreased finally, while the dehydrogenation rate always increased.
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    Research on the business QoS and trustworthy and controllable strategies mechanism for energy internet (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Energy internet is a kind of power sharing network, which can realize the bidirectional flow of energy information on the basis of the existing power grid. It puts forward higher requirements for reliability and controllability of information communication, and all kinds of business QoS of the backbone network. So the research of business QoS and trustworthy and controllable strategies mechanism have an important significance for the development of energy internet. This paper mainly studies how to use the software defined network (SDN) to achieve business QoS, and provide QoS support for all kinds of business of the energy internet. Combined with the current development situation of the energy internet in our country, this paper researches the trustworthy and controllable strategies mechanism for energy internet, and proposes the transition scheme of the IPv6 credible network architecture based on SDN. This coordinates the contradiction between the growing demand for energy inte...
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    Application of reconstructed background in assessing heavy metal pollution of soils near Jilin Section of the Songhua River, China (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: The distinguishing and evaluation of natural and anthropogenic sources of heavy metals in soils have always been the important issues in the field of environmental science. In this research, natural sources of heavy metals in soils are calculated according to the relationships between major oxides and heavy metals. The individual sample has independent backgrounds of heavy metals, which is more reasonable. If the single environmental background is used as baseline, anomalies in regions with low background might be decreased or hided and those in regions with high background will be overstated. In this study, enrichment factor is defined as the ratio of measured concentration and reconstructed background of heavy metals, which is of specific significance in practical applications with no assumptions. The agricultural soils near Jilin section of the Songhua River are polluted by Hg seriously with more than half samples polluted greatly. And the soils are polluted by Cd moderately....
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    An objective decision model of power grid environmental protection based on environmental influence index and energy-saving and emission-reducing index (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Based on modelling the environmental influence index of power transmission and transformation project and energy-saving and emission-reducing index of source-grid-load of power system, this paper establishes an objective decision model of power grid environmental protection, with constraints of power grid environmental protection objectives being legal and economical, and considering both positive and negative influences of grid on the environmental in all-life grid cycle. This model can be used to guide the programming work of power grid environmental protection. A numerical simulation of Jiangsu province’s power grid environmental protection objective decision model has been operated, and the results shows that the maximum goal of energy-saving and emission-reducing benefits would be reached firstly as investment increasing, and then the minimum goal of environmental influence.
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    Assessing spatial distribution of soil erosion in a karst region in southwestern China: A case study in Jinfo Mountains (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Soil erosion is serious with rocky desertification areas appearing in mountainous Karst regions in southwest China due to a conspicuous contradiction between man and the land resource. Land use and land cover play significant roles in regional soil erosion by water. This paper aimed to quantify regional soil erosion and to explore relationships between soil erosion and land use/land cover in order to locate high risk areas requiring soil conservation. Based on GIS, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was employed for erosion assessment for a typical Karst region, Jinfo Mountain region in southwest China, using local parameters. Spatial distribution of topsoil erosion was analyzed and relationships between soil erosion and land use/land cover changes (LULC) were statistically explored and discussed for regional erosion control. The overall values were under 25 t.ha.a, with the medium erosion areas accounting for 12.7% and the intense and very intense erosion areas to...
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    Analysis of source-grid-load contribution to wind power accommodation (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: In recent years, China’s wind power is developing rapidly, but wind electricity curtailment becomes a serious problem. This paper evaluates wind power penetration limit from peak regulation, analyses relevant technical elements that impact wind power accommodation, coving the source side, the transmission side and the load side. By taking certain measures around the three aspects, for example, reducing the minimum technical output of conventional units, increasing outbound transmission capacity, or increasing the valley load, wind electricity curtailment will be effectively reduced. This paper quantitatively analyses wind power penetration limit under certain conditions and the source-grid-load contribution to wind power accommodation, and explores the important technical factors that affect wind power accommodation.
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    Determining light requirements of groundcover plants from subtropical natural forest using hemispherical photography (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: In order to determine light requirements of indigenous groundcover plants for potential use in urban landscaping, we conducted a plant census in Yinpingshan Nature Reserve, Dongguan, China, and measured canopy structure and understory light regimes using hemispherical photography. We found that canopy openness, transmitted direct solar radiation, and transmitted diffuse solar radiation exhibited highly significant spatial heterogeneity. Species composition and diversity of groundcover plants were highly dependent on canopy structure and understory light condition. Greater diversity and more stems of groundcover plants were associated with greater canopy openness and understory radiation in most cases. Highly significant differences in species composition were detected along canopy openness, transmitted direct solar radiation, and transmitted diffuse solar radiation gradients, respectively. We also detected indicator species for specific understory light regimes, which will provi...
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    Selective recovery of copper and zinc from mine dump waters of mining enterprises in precipitates (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: The acid mine dump waters at mining companies that mining the copper and copperzinc sulphide ore have the high concentrates of metals and classified in our view as the raw materials for selective recovery of metals in precipitates comparable in quality with concentrates of ores enrichment and suitable for further metallurgical processing. Authors have implemented three two-stage schemes for sequential extraction of copper and zinc: cementation-sulphide precipitation, galvanocoagulation-sulphide precipitation, precipitation-precipitation. Moreover, parameters of processes and quality of the obtained precipitates have described. The achieved copper recovery is 89% and 94% respectively with the application of cementation and galvanocoagulation, in sulphide precipitate exceeded 75%. Furthermore, the copper recovery from decoppering in precipitates amounted to more than 65%. Zinc-containing precipitates because of coprecipitation of iron, magnesium and calcium contain zinc from 14% t...
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    The interannual trend and preliminary quantitative estimation of the oceans condition in the Bohai Sea area (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: After different frequency observed temperature data of Bohai sea marine observation stations was analyzed, results showed that daily average sea surface temperature value obtained from 3-hour-observations (08h, 14h, 20h) which was slightly lower than that from 24-hour-observations. The general gap was within 0.10°, while the value was 0.05° for the monthly mean temperature. Daily average sea surface temperature values of 3-hour-observations have a little effect both in statistical properties and the accuracy of statistical data, which does not affect the representativeness of the data. It can be used in studying long time series problems. Analyzing the trend of the SST data changes in 1960-2012 and the SAT data changes in 1965-2012 by using the linear tendency estimate and cumulative distance square method, it can prove that SST annual variation rate was 0.010°/a, with a total increase of 0.53° in last 53 years; and SAT annual variation rate was 0.043°/a, with a total increase o...
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    Research on solving the optimal sizing and siting of distributed generation (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: In this paper, a distributed network planning model is proposed with the goal of minimizing the sum of distributed power investment cost, network loss and interruption cost. In order to compare the performance of differential evolution algorithm (DE) and genetic algorithm (GA) in solving the optimal sizing and siting of distributed generation in distribution networks, the two algorithms were adopted to optimize the capacities and positions of DGs. Through analysis on a 10-bus test system, the study results show that the proposed model and algorithm can get reasonable planning scheme. And in solving simple optimization problems, both GA and DE Algorithms can get good results, but compare to DE, GA is of slow convergence speed and the convergence process is not quite stable.
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    Spatial and temporal variation of soil temperature of Taxodium Distichum Shelterbelts in south China (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Start your abstract here With the global environmental change, more attention was paid to the effect of farmland shelterbelt. In this study, spatial and temporal patterns of soil temperature in shelterbelts of Taxodium distichum in South China was monitored using gradient observed method through observation plots placed in Taxodium distichum shelterbelts, sugarcane field and blank field (open site) in January, April, July, and October, respectively. It was found that soil temperature changed with time in a day with a single peak in all the four phases among three sites. However, compared with blank field, the vertical patterns of soil temperature of Taxodium distichum shelterbelts and sugarcane field showed special characteristic. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD showed soil temperature was significantly different with annual and seasons among Taxodium distichum shelterbelts, sugarcane field and blank field along a seasonal dynamic (P 〈 0.05). Effective measures should be taken ...
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    Upper ocean response to typhoon Megi (2010) (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: In this paper, the response of the upper ocean to typhoon Megi is analyzed and studied by using the sea surface temperature (SST), 500hPa height field and wind field of NCEP reanalysis data and Argo buoy data. The results show that sea surface temperature (SST) will decrease significantly after typhoon, and on the right side of typhoon path cooling is more obvious than the left; the temperature changes dramatically on the right side of Megi path, and correspondingly the depth variation in mixed layer is also intense, and the distance between buoy and the center of the typhoon will al so affect the severity of the temperature variavtion, the salinity may increase or decrease after typhoon, it depends on the evaporation and precipitation or other relevant factors in this area.
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    Research of nano silver alloy pasteto solar cell (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: From theory and experiment, the method toimprove the performance of silver paste was explored. Through the analysis about the SEM images to the electrode contact section of the crystal silicon solar cell, the different contact modes and resistance calculation methods of the metal paste and silicon were verified. Through the resistance calculation, consideringthe different oxide and silver silicon contact alloy characteristics, two kinds of additive compositions were found that which may have good performance in alloy paste of the solar cell.
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    Characteristics of surface solar radiation in Sino-Singapore Eco-city (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Using solar observation and meteorological data of the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city from August 14 th 2014 to August 12 th 2015, characteristics of solar radiation of the eco-city and characteristics of solar radiation on a tilted surface under different weather conditions were analyzed and assessed. And the accuracy and error sources of isotropic and anisotropic calculation model for solar radiation on a tilted surface were studied. The results show that observed radiation on a horizontal and tilted surface is quite different at monthly, seasonal and annual time scales, so the estimated photovoltaic power generation based on the solar radiation on a horizontal surface is not accurate. Diurnal cycle of solar radiation is affected by different weather conditions and the power stations need to adjust generation strategies according to weather conditions. Accuracy of the two kinds of tilted radiation calculation models is similar and the overall calculation e...
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  • 146
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    Climate response and spatial-temporal model on the inter-annual change of winter temperature-salinity in the East China Sea (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Spatial distributions and time variation characteristics were analyzed using Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function (REOF) and spectrum analysis methods using surface and bottom temperature and salinity data in February of 1976-2013 along 30°N section in the East China Sea. Result showed that temperature trends can be divided into western part and east part, salinity trend divided into western, middle and eastern part. The first mode of surface temperature presented a quasi-equilibrium trend and the range was higher in the near-shore than the offshores, first mode of bottom temperature presented a decreasing trend; surface salinity had a decreasing trend and the extent was higher in the near-shore than the offshores, the bottom salinity showed a decreasing trend in recent years. The temperature inter-annual variability related to El Niño closely; short-term shocks of salinity related to El Niño, and long-term changes had something to do with PDO.
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    Environment-friendly drilling operation technology (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Under the circumstance that international safety and environmental standards being more and more stringent, drilling engineering is facing unprecedented challenges, the extensive traditional process flow is no longer accepted, the new safe and environment-friendly process is more suitable to the healthy development of the industry. In 2015, CNPCIC adopted environment-friendly drilling technology for the first time in the Chad region, ensured the safety of well control, at the same time increased the environmental protection measure, reduced the risk of environmental pollution what obtain the ratification from local government. This technology carries out recovery and disposal of crude oil, cuttings and mud without falling on the ground. The final products are used in road and well site construction, which realizes the reutilization of drilling waste, reduces the operating cost, and provides a strong technical support for cost-cutting and performance-increase of drilling engineer...
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    Thinking on Sichuan-Chongqing gas pipeline transportation system reform under market-oriented conditions (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: The gas pipeline networks in Sichuan and Chongqing (Sichuan-Chongqing) region have formed a fully-fledged gas pipeline transportation system in China, which supports and promotes the rapid development of gas market in Sichuan-Chongqing region. In the circumstances of further developed market-oriented economy, it is necessary to carry out further the pipeline system reform in the areas of investment/financing system, operation system and pricing system to lay a solid foundation for improving future gas production and marketing capability and adapting itself to the national gas system reform, and to achieve the objectives of multiparty participated pipeline construction, improved pipeline transportation efficiency and fair and rational pipeline transportation prices. In this article, main thinking on reform in the three areas and major deployment are addressed, and corresponding measures on developing shared pipeline economy, providing financial support to pipeline construction, s...
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  • 149
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    Conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide by pulse dielectric barrier discharge plasma (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to carbon monoxide (CO) was investigated in a non-thermal plasma dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor, and the effects of different process conditions on the CO 2 conversion were investigated. The results showed that the increase of input power could optimize the conversion of CO 2 to CO. The CO 2 conversion and CO yield were negatively correlated with the gas flow rate, but there was an optimum gas flow rate, that made the CO selectivity best. The carrier gas (N 2 , Ar) was conducive to the conversion of CO 2 , and the effect of N 2 as carrier gas was better than Ar. The conversion of CO 2 to CO was enhanced by addition of the catalyst (5A molecular sieve).
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    Measures to restore metallurgical mine wasteland using ecological restoration technologies: A case study at Longnan Rare Earth Mine (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Whereas mining activities produce the raw materials that are crucial to economic growth, such activities leave extensive scarring on the land, contributing to the waste of valuable land resources and upsetting the ecological environment. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate various ecological technologies to restore metallurgical mine wastelands. These technologies include measures such as soil amelioration, vegetation restoration, different vegetation planting patterns, and engineering technologies. The Longnan Rare Earth Mine in the Jiangxi Province of China is used as the case study. The ecological restoration process provides a favourable reference for the restoration of a metallurgical mine wasteland.
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    Multiple external hazards compound level 3 PSA methods research of nuclear power plant (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant severe accident was caused by both earthquake and tsunami, which results in large amount of radioactive nuclides release. That accident has caused the radioactive contamination on the surrounding environment. Although this accident probability is extremely small, once such an accident happens that is likely to release a lot of radioactive materials into the environment, and cause radiation contamination. Therefore, studying accidents consequences is important and essential to improve nuclear power plant design and management. Level 3 PSA methods of nuclear power plant can be used to analyze radiological consequences, and quantify risk to the public health effects around nuclear power plants. Based on multiple external hazards compound level 3 PSA methods studies of nuclear power plant, and the description of the multiple external hazards compound level 3 PSA technology roadmap and important technical elements, as well as taking a coastal nuclea...
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  • 152
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    Data analysis of the high frequency surface wave radar during typhoon Chan-hom (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: Multi-frequency high frequency radar with small circular array was deployed in Zhujiajian and Shengshan to detect the winds, waves, and currents in the overlapping area operationally in 2007. No. 1509 typhoon Chan-hom landed in the coastal areas of Jujiajian, and then moved north by east, passing the radar detection area. This paper compared the radar observed data to anchored-buoy observed data and ASCAT satellite remote sensing large area wind data respectively. The results of comparison indicated that radar basically reflected the real distribution of wind and current of Zhoushan area during typhoon Chan-hom, showing the radar is qualified to detect the winds and currents under complex marine conditions.
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    Peer review statement (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.
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    International Conference on Energy Engineering and Environmental Protection (EEEP2016) (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: The International Conference on Energy Engineering and Environmental Protection (EEEP2016) was successfully held in Sanya, China during November 21-23, 2016. The conference was an annual forum for researchers and application developers in the area of energy engineering and environmental protection. This conference proceeding included 112 accepted articles selected from 240 submissions. We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers of these manuscripts, who provided constructive criticism and stimulated comments and suggestions to the authors. We are extremely grateful as organizers, technical program committee and editors and extend our most sincere thanks to all the authors for their excellent contribution and work. Our sincere gratitude also goes to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the proceeding. On behalf of The Organizing Committees of EEEP2016
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    Preparation of Activated Carbon from Palm Shells Using KOH and ZnCl 2 as the Activating Agent (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: Palm shell is a potential source of raw materials for the produce of activated carbon as biosorbent for quite large numbers. The purpose of this study is to produce activated carbon qualified Indonesian Industrial Standard (SNI), which will be used as biosorbent to purify the impurities in the off gas petroleum refinery products. Stages of manufacture of activated carbon include carbonization, activation of chemistry and physics. Carbonization of activated carbon is done at a temperature of 400°C followed by chemical activation with active agent KOH and ZnCl 2 . Then the physical activation is done by flowing N 2 gas for 1 hour at 850°C and followed by gas flow through the CO 2 for 1 hour at 850°C. Research results indicate that activation of the active agent KOH produce activated carbon is better than using the active agent ZnCl 2 . The use of KOH as an active agent to produce activated carbon with a water content of 13.6%, ash content of 9...
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    Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance by Surface Modification of TiO 2 Nanorods with Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: Modification of TiO 2 nanorods through the addition of aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) for enhancement of efficiency of solar cells has been studied. Synthesis of TiO 2 nanorods was conducted through two major stages of mechanochemical and hydrothermal refluxing at a temperature of 120 °C for 24 hours on various concentration of NaOH. Material characterizations were performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourrier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Mechanochemical treatment by ball milling showed that the TiO 2 phase changed from anatase into brookite and it decreased of TiO 2 crystals size. Morphology transformation of TiO 2 to form TiO 2 nanorods was showed by rod-shaped from TEM micrographs which are characteristic of the nanorods. FTIR spectra confirmed that amine group of aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) were successfully grafted onto the TiO 2 nanorods surface. Sen...
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    Improved of Natural Gas Storage with Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG) Technology Using Activated Carbon from Plastic Waste Polyethylene Terepthalate (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: Indonesia imports high amount of Fuel Oil. Although Indonesia has abundant amount of natural gas reserve, the obstacle lies within the process of natural gas storage itself. In order to create a safe repository, the ANG (Adsorbed Natural Gas) technology is planned. ANG technology in itself has been researched much to manufacture PET-based activated carbon for natural gas storage, but ANG still has several drawbacks. This study begins with making preparations for the equipment and materials that will be used, by characterizing the natural gas, measuring the empty volume, and degassing. The next step will be to examine the adsorption process. The maximum storage capacity obtained in this study for a temperature of 27°C and pressure of 35 bar is 0.0586 kg/kg, while for the desorption process, a maximum value for desorption efficiency was obtained on 35°C temperature with a value of 73.39%.
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  • 158
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    Laboratory study on subgrade soil stabilization using RBI grade 81 (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: The present study investigates the effect of reinforcing the sub grade soils with RBI 81 material. A soil nearby was collected and preliminary tests were conducted to classify the soil and it was found from the results that the sample collected was a poorly graded clay. Subsequently Tests such as Proctor Compaction, CBR, and UCC were conducted to study the various engineering properties of the identified soil. In addition to the above tests were also conducted on the soil by reinforcing with varying percentages of RBI 81. From the analysis of test results it was found that this material (RBI 81) will significantly improve the CBR value of the soil.
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    Environmental Management Model for Road Maintenance Operation Involving Community Participation (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: Public expectations of Central Java, which is very high on demand fulfillment, especially road infrastructure as outlined in the number of complaints and community expectations tweeter, Short Mail Massage (SMS), e-mail and public reports from various media, Highways Department of Central Java province requires development model of environmental management in the implementation of a routine way by involving the community in order to fulfill the conditions of a representative, may serve road users safely and comfortably. This study used survey method with SEM analysis and SWOT with Latent Independent Variable (X), namely; Public Participation in the regulation, development, construction and supervision of road (PSM); Public behavior in the utilization of the road (PMJ) Provincial Road Service (PJP); Safety in the Provincial Road (KJP); Integrated Management System (SMT) and latent dependent variable (Y) routine maintenance of the provincial road that is integrated with the environ...
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    Shrub growth and expansion in the Arctic tundra: an assessment of controlling factors using an evidence-based approach (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-12
    Beschreibung: Woody shrubs have increased in biomass and expanded into new areas throughout the Pan-Arctic tundra biome in recent decades, which has been linked to a biome-wide observed increase in productivity. Experimental, observational, and socio-ecological research suggests that air temperature—and to a lesser degree precipitation—trends have been the predominant drivers of this change. However, a progressive decoupling of these drivers from Arctic vegetation productivity has been reported, and since 2010, vegetation productivity has also been declining. We created a protocol to (a) identify the suite of controls that may be operating on shrub growth and expansion, and (b) characterise the evidence base for controls on Arctic shrub growth and expansion. We found evidence for a suite of 23 proximal controls that operate directly on shrub growth and expansion; the evidence base focused predominantly on just four controls (air temperature, soil moisture, herbivory, and snow dynamics). 65% o...
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
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    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik
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  • 161
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    Cost benefit analysis on different configurations of berthing structure (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: Port and harbors are essential for handling of the imports/exports of good transported through shipping. This paper discusses the different configuration of berthing structure, their design with respect to the site conditions and suitability. The analysis includes detailed load calculations conforming to the various codal provisions and design of the structure. The configuration of berthing structure considered are analyzed and designed using STAAD Pro for different combination of loads as per IS 4651. Bill of Quantities are prepared and final cost of construction is calculated. Factors affecting the construction and maintenance such as land availability, soil conditions, hydrodynamics of the site, dredging requirements, design ship size etc. are considered to finalize the configuration of the berthing structure. Result of the study shows that Diaphragm wall type of berthing structure is economic for Ennore port.
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    Behaviour of wrapped cold-formed steel columns under different loading conditions (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: The use of Cold Formed Steel (CFS) sections as structural members is widely accepted because of its light nature. However, the load carrying capacity of these sections will be less compared to hot rolled sections. This study is meant to analyze the possibility of strengthening cold formed members by wrapping it with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) laminates. Light gauge steel columns of cross sectional dimensions 100mm x 50mm x 3.15mm were taken for this study. The effective length of the section is about 750mm. A total of 8 specimens including the control specimen is tested under axial and eccentric loading. The columns were tested keeping both ends hinged. For both loading cases the buckling behaviour, ultimate load carrying capacity and load-deflection characteristics of the CFS columns were analyzed. The GFRP laminates were wrapped on columns in three different ways such that wrapping the outer surface of web and flange throughout the length of specimen, wrapping the o...
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    Band-engineering of TiO 2 as a wide-band gap semiconductor using organic chromophore dyes (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: Bond-engineering as applied to semiconductor materials refers to the manipulation of the energy bands in order to control charge transfer processes in a device. When the device in question is a photoelectrochemical cell, the charges affected by drift become the focus of the study. The ideal band gap of semiconductors for enhancement of photocatalyst activity can be lowered to match with visible light absorption and the location of conduction Band (CB) should be raised to meet the reducing capacity. Otherwise, by the addition of the chromofor organic dyes, the wide-band gab can be influences by interacation resulting between TiO2 surface and the dyes. We have done the impruvisation wide-band gap of TiO2 by the addition of organic chromophore dye, and the addition of transition metal dopand. The TiO2 morphology influence the light absorption as well as the surface modification. The organic chromophore dye was syntesized by formation complexes compound of Co(PAR)(SiPA)(PAR)= 4-(2-p...
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    Seepage Zone Identification at Sutami Dam by Means of Geoelectrical Resistivity Data (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: A study with entitled Seepage Zone Identification At Sutami Dam By Means Of Geoelectrical Resistivity Data has been conducted. The aim of this study is to get the distribution of seepage zones in the Sutami dam body. Data acquisition has been done by using Oyo-EL McOhm Model 2119C equipment on the tracks along the side of the dam body, both downstream (exhaust) side for first and upstream (reservoir) side for second with pseudodepth section dipole-dipole configuration. Each track has a length of 400m and 380m respectively. The distance between the point electrode consists of 1 track with space (a) is 10m (n=8) and 3 tracks with a space (a) is 20m (n=8). Based on the results of data processing obtained are low resistivity values (ρ ≤ 9.57 Ωm), the moderate resistivity value (9.57 Ωm 〈 ρ ≤ 320 Ωm), and high resistivity (ρ 〉 320 Ωm). The distribution of fracture zones associated with seepage zones for Sutami dam distributed over the surface to depth of 8-18 m, both upstream (...
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    Improving Thermal Performance of a Residential Building, Related to Its Orientations - A Case Study (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: Urban planners and stakeholders require knowledge about the effectiveness of city-scale climate adaptation measures in order to develop climate resilient cities and to push forward the political process for the implementation of climate adaptation strategies. This study examines the impact of modifications in orientation of buildings with respect to heat load. Heat load calculation is a mathematical process to determine the best capacity, application and style of HVAC system. The purpose is to ensure energy efficiency while also maximizing comfort inside the building. This study of load calculation is essential for a building because it helps to pick the best orientation and focuses to find an orientation that will reduce energy due to direct solar radiation. One of the factors affecting this assessment is the latitude of the location. The heat gain is effective through walls and fenestration. Improper management through ineffective orientation of the building’s natural heat gai...
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    Sustainable Irrigation Allocation Model for Dry and Wet Periods using Reservoir Storage and Inflow (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: The dry period agriculture is inevitable both for the farmers for their earning, and for the soil for its fertility by crop-rotation. In tropical countries like INDIA, dry period agriculture becomes difficult because of less (or) no rain fall. Hence a simple water balancing model for irrigation scheduling, using the measure “Volumetric Reliability” is prepared in this paper, with the storage and inflow of a reservoir both for the dry and wet periods. The case-study is done for a reservoir in INDIA with thirty one years of hydrological data(from 1982 to 2012). The objective of this paper is to prepare a simple water balance model taking 10 days periods of demand and supply for ID crop(Irrigated Dry crop, ground nut) with usage of volumetric reliability concept for the periods of deficiency and adoption of less water requirement crops to reduce the water-stress during critical periods of crop growth, and finally arrive at a feasible allocation schedule for the success of agricultu...
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    Comprehensive study on the detrimental effects of fossil fuel exploration and pipe laying in deltaic region (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: Thanjavur is the “ Granary of South India ”. As the prosperous capital of Chola kingdom it was praised as “ Chola Naadu Sorudaithu ” (the land that had abundant food). Now, due to Cauvery water shortage issues, the farmers had to be content with single crop a year. Adding to the woes are urbanization and development programs which lack foresight or long term plans that exploit natural resources without a well-articulated thought process. Presently the net sown area in the deltaic region is about 11.87 lac hectares. In the guise of national interests, there is a pursuit of these regions by agencies- public sector undertakings with vested interests. The oil exploration in Cauvery basin (Narimanam block) by Public Sector Undertakings, estimated lignite reserves of 36000 million tonnes and gas reserves and 104.7 billion cubic metres (CBM Coal Gas Methane), which has placed the deltaic region in the corporate radar. Environmentalists and legislators have also turned a blind...
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    International Conference on Civil Engineering and Infrastructural Issues in Emerging Economies (ICCIEE 2017) (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: Preface/Introduction: The phenomenal rise in urbanization and industrialization has created a greater need for infrastructure development. In a developing economy, resource utilization and management is the need of the hour. This creates a need for innovation in materials, methods and management with greater emphasis on limited economic solutions. This has opened avenues for experimenting and implementing novel approaches with economic viability. There is also a need for harmony between rapid development and ecological balance to ensure sustainable development. This conference jointly organized by the School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA University, Thanjavur and IGS, Thanjavur Chapter aims to provide a platform for academicians, researchers and the industry to explore the possibilities of the use of nonconventional materials and their economic viability as alternative to conventional construction material, design and construction alternatives for economic and erg...
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    International Conference on Civil Engineering and Infrastructural Issues in Emerging Economies (ICCIEE 2017) (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: List of Sponsors are available in this Pdf.
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  • 170
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    Experimental investigation on different patterned bolted/welded structural connection in steel and GFRP plates (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: The experimental investigation is explained different structural connection like various patterned single shear lap bolted connections and slot complete penetration welded connection. Totally 12 numbers of 300 x 50 x 4 mm steel connections made by lap joint as per IS800: 2007 provisions. The patterns are linear, diamond and staggered for the bolted and slot complete penetration welded connections, 4.6 grade bolt and tungsten electrode rods are used for structural slot complete penetration welded connection conforming to IS 800: 2007. And 6 numbers of 300 x 50 x 6mm Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) plate with bolted connection was casted, shear resistance capacity is considerably higher in the staggered pattern structural connections then the linear and diamond pattern connections. The connection which is made by GFRP, failure occurred in the plate itself and the shear resistance capacity is lowered 60% then the steel plate even though GFRP plate high resistivity against agg...
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    Flexural behaviour of RCC beams with externally bonded FRP (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: The increasing use of carbon and glass fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets for strengthening existing reinforced concrete beams has generated considerable interest in understanding the behavior of the FRP sheets when subjected to bending. The study on flexure includes various parameters like percentage of increase in strength of the member due to the externally bonded Fiber reinforced polymer, examining the crack patterns, reasons of debonding of the fibre from the structure, scaling, convenience of using the fibres, cost effectiveness etc. The present work aims to study experimentally about the reasons behind the failure due to flexure of an EB-FRP concrete beam by studying the various parameters. Deflection control may become as important as flexural strength for the design of FRPreinforced concrete structures. A numerical model is created using FEM software and the results are compared with that of the experiment.
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    Peer review statement (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
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    Study on compressive strength of self compacting mortar cubes under normal & electric oven curing methods (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: In the majority of civil engineering applications, the basic building blocks were the masonry units. Those masonry units were developed as a monolithic structure by plastering process with the help of binding agents namely mud, lime, cement and their combinations. In recent advancements, the mortar study plays an important role in crack repairs, structural rehabilitation, retrofitting, pointing and plastering operations. The rheology of mortar includes flowable, passing and filling properties which were analogous with the behaviour of self compacting concrete. In self compacting (SC) mortar cubes, the cement was replaced by mineral admixtures namely silica fume (SF) from 5% to 20% (with an increment of 5%), metakaolin (MK) from 10% to 30% (with an increment of 10%) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) from 25% to 75% (with an increment of 25%). The ratio between cement and fine aggregate was kept constant as 1: 2 for all normal and self compacting mortar mixes. The ac...
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  • 174
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    Experimental Study on Voided Reinforced Concrete Beams with Polythene Balls (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: The primary component in any structure is concrete, that exist in buildings and bridges. In present situation, a serious problems faced by construction industry is exhaustive use of raw materials. Recent times, various methods are being adopted to limit the use of concrete. In structural elements like beams, polythene balls can be induced to reduce the usage of concrete. A simply supported reinforced concrete beam has two zones, one above neutral axis and other below neutral axis. The region below neutral axis is in tension and above neutral axis is in compression. As concrete is weak in tension, steel reinforcements are provided in tension zone. The concrete below the neutral axis acts as a stress transfer medium between the compression zone and tension zone. The concrete above the neutral axis takes minimum stress so that we could partially replace the concrete above neutral axis by creating air voids using recycled polythene balls. Polythene balls of varying diameters of 75 m...
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    Ranking the Project Management Success Factors for Construction Project in South India (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: In Today’s construction industry, to achieve a greater advantage over the firms, success of each project and efficiency is required. Effective Project Management overcomes these types of challenges. This study identifies the success factors which are important for project management in construction project success. From the literature review, 26 factors were found to be critical. Project managers, construction managers, civil engineers, contractors and site engineers were the respondents. After analyzing the data in SPSS software, the dominant factors from the regression analysis are top management support, competent project team, abilities to solve problems, realistic cost and time estimates, information/communication, competency of the project manager are the 6 factors out of 12 in 26 factors. Effective communication between stakeholders got highest priority and client involvement, good leadership, clarity of project goals got second priority. Informal communication gives bett...
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    Characteristics of Cement Concrete with Nano Alumina Particles (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: Concrete can be nano-engineered by incorporating nano sized building blocks or objects (e.g., nano particles and nano tubes) to control material behaviour and add novel properties. In this work an attempt has been made to study the effect of nano alumina on the properties of concrete composite. In order to investigate the effect of nano-alumina on the mechanical strength of cement composite, the specimens with different volume percentages (0%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) nano-alumina, in each proportion three sample were cast totally making 58 specimens and after 28 days of curing they were tested. Based on experiment, the compressive strength of concrete cubes was all increased by incorporating nano alumina into matrix, when the fraction of nano alumina was 1% of the cement by weight the compressive strength of composites increased by 33.14% at 28 days. The test results showed that addition of nano alumina enhanced the compressive strength and reduced the initial setting time of concre...
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  • 177
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    Evaluation and Recalibration of Empirical Constant for Estimation of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration against the Modified Penman Method (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: The major demand in our country is irrigation demand. Looking to the low irrigation potential and small water resources, it is felt necessary to see that water must be used economically and efficiently. This may be achieved by using latest methods of determination of water requirements for crops and applying the proper water management practices. Evapotranspiration (ET) is a basic for calculation of water requirement for crops. The various popular empirical equations for reference crop evapotranspiration (ET r ) belong to three categories namely, Temperature, Radiation based methods and Combined methods. The above methods are site specific; hence it is necessary to recalibrate the coefficients for applying them in India. In the present paper, the standard combined method namely FAO modified Penman method was used to recalibrate the constants in temperature based (TB) methods and it can also be used to determine the ET r for the selected station. Four TB evapot...
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    Effects of slag on flexural strength of slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: Slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete is one of the new advanced concrete composite which differs from method of fabrication and composition of the matrix. Extensive research is being carried out on alternative binders or supplements to cement aiming to reduce environmental impact. However, little has been published to investigate the structural behaviour of SIFCON incorporating with mineral admixtures, particularly as regards its ultrahigh ductility, which may alter the mode of failure from brittle to the more desirable ductile. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the flexural behavior of SIFCON containing three different percentage of fibre content 6%,8% &10% with incorporation of optimum dosage of blast furnace slag replaced by cement. Strength characteristics such as Compressive strength and splitting tensile strength test were carry out for SIFCON incorporating 10% of fibre content and different percentage of slag (0, 15, 30, 45, 60%&75%) to optimize ...
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    Rainfall Analyses of Coonoor Hill Station of Nilgiris District for Landslide Studies (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: The most common triggering factor of landslides in a hill terrain is rainfall. Assessment of the extreme and antecedent rainfall events and its quantum is imperative to evaluate the temporal occurrence of landslides. It also plays a vital role in the choice of the preventive measures to be adopted. This study focuses on an in-depth rainfall analysis of Coonoor hill station. The analysis includes the study of monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall patterns for a period of 80 years, between 1935 and 2013. Further, one day maximum, 5 day and more antecedent rainfall and its amount is calculated for the years between 2007-2012, 2014 and 2015.The result of the study indicates an increase in the normal rainfall based on the mean of 30 years of data (for the recent decades) and erratic pattern of rainfall during pre-monsoon, post-monsoon south-west monsoon periods. A detailed analysis of daily rainfall for the selected period indicates that extreme highest daily rainfall of more than 30...
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  • 180
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    Bond characteristics of reinforcing steel embedded in geopolymer concrete (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: The force transferring between reinforcing steel and the surrounding concrete in reinforced concrete is influenced by several factors. Whereas, the study on bond behaviour of geopolymer concrete (GPC) is lagging. In this paper, an experimental attempt has been made to evaluate the geopolymer concrete bond with reinforcing steel of different diameter and embedded length using standard pull out test. The geopolymer concrete is made of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as geopolymer source material (GSM). The tests were conducted to evaluate the development of bond between steel and concrete of grade M40 and M50 with 12 and 16 mm diameter reinforcing steel for geopolymer and cement concrete mixes and to develop a relation between bond strength and compressive strength. From the experimental results, it has been observed that the bond strength of the geopolymer concrete mixes was more compared to the cement concrete mixes and increases with the reduction in the diameter o...
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    Failure analysis of lattice tower like structures (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: The Experimental investigations have revealed significant mismatches between analytical estimates and experimentally measured deflections of tower structures. Conductor and groundwire tension and sag are influenced by the peak and cross-arm deflections and hence accurate estimates of the tower deflections at service loads are of key interest. This paper presents a nonlinear formulation for analysis of tower structures in an attempt to close the mismatch. The analysis includes geometric nonlinear behaviour of the tower, material nonlinearity as well as leg member buckling in compression. The nonlinear analysis reveals that the ultimate collapse loads of the towers tested to failure can be predicted. However the, deflections continue to have a mismatch despite nonlinear analysis. This demonstrates the need for inclusion of other parameters to be able to reduce the error of analytical deflection estimates.
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  • 182
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    Papercrete brick as an alternate building material to control Environmental Pollution (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
    Beschreibung: Utilization of concrete in the construction industry is increasing day by day. The increasing demand for concrete in the future is the major issue, for which an alternate option is to find out at a reduced or no additional cost and to reduce the environmental impact due to increase of cement industries that are important ingredient to economic development. It turns out urgent to find out alternate for the partial replacement of concrete and cement, as natural sources of aggregates are becoming exhausted. As large quantity of paper waste is generated from different countries all over the world which causes serious environmental problems, So in this present study abandoned paper waste was used as a partial replacement material in concrete,. Study indicates that 80% of the construction cost of a building was contributed by building material and still millions of people in developing countries like India are not able to afford the cost of construction of house. This study is based o...
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    Exploring Leadership Capability Team Leaders for Construction Industry in Malaysia: Training and Experience (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-14
    Beschreibung: It has been said that the construction industry must unleash its potential as a source of wealth creation and provide opportunity for the betterment of quality of life. In ensuring the quality of workmanship at construction sites, supervisory skills of site supervisors need to be enhanced. It stressed out that to match business growth and excellence overseas, we must recognize and act on the importance of continuously developing niche expertise and capabilities. Undoubtedly, the role of research in determining the specific leadership skills and the needed core capabilities cannot be over-emphasized. In ensuring the quality of workmanship at construction sites, leadership skills especially supervisory skill for site supervisors need to be enhanced. In this study, quantitative research design with survey questionnaire was used to collect the data and simple random sampling was employed in selecting 248 respondents involving team leaders in construction industry from whole of Malay...
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    Understanding the Southeast Asian haze (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-11
    Beschreibung: The Southeast Asian region had been subjected to a drastic reduction in air quality from the biomass burnings that occurred in 2013 and 2015. The smoke from the biomass burnings covered the entire region including Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, with haze particulate matter (PM) reducing the air quality to hazardous levels. Here we report a comprehensive size–composition–morphology characterization of the PM collected from an urban site in Singapore during the two haze events. The two haze events were a result of biomass burning and occurred in two different geographical source regions. We show the similarities and variations of particle size distribution during hazy and clear days during the two haze events. Sub-micron particles (
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
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    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik
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  • 185
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    Investigation on Suitability of Natural Fibre as Replacement Material for Table Tennis Blade (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-15
    Beschreibung: This paper presents an investigation of suitability natural fibre as replacement material for table tennis blade, due to low cost, lightweight and apparently environmentally. Nowadays, natural fibre are one of the materials often used in replaced the main material on manufacturing sector, such as automotive, and construction. The objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate the suitability natural fiber materials to replace wood as a structure on table tennis blade. The mechanical properties of the different natural fibre material were examined, and correlated with characteristic of table tennis blade. The natural fibre selected for the study are kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus), jute, hemp, sisal (Agave Sisalana) and ramie. A further comparison was made with the corresponding properties of each type of natural fiber using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). TRIZ has been used to determine the most appropriate solution in produc...
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    Physical and mechanical properties of LDPE incorporated with different starch sources (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-15
    Beschreibung: In this study it was investigated the incorporation of different starches, such as sago starch, corn starch, potato starch, tapioca starch and wheat starch, in low-density polyethylene matrix (LDPE) to enhanced mechanical properties and to obtain partially biodegradable product with the aim to reduce the plastics wastes in the environment. For comparison, virgin LDPE, LDPE with different sources of starch blends were prepared and characterized under the same conditions. The starches were mixed to the LDPE using a twin screw extruder to guarantee the homogeneity of the formulations. The compound were shaping processed by injection moulding. The characterization of those compounds was done by physical (density, MFI), mechanical (Universal tensile machine). The addition of starch to LDPE reduced the MFI values, the tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength, whereas the elastic modulus, flexural modulus and flexural strength increased. LDPE/SS show the good mechanica...
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    An investigation of membership functions on performance of ANFIS for solving classification problems (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-15
    Beschreibung: Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is one of the efficient machine learning techniques, which has been successfully employed in wide variety of applications. The performance of ANFIS depends on the selection of the number and shape of membership functions as these two factors influence the most on computational complexity and accuracy of the designed ANFIS-based model. Mostly, an expert knowledge is required in this regard. However, there is an immense need of an investigative study for helping researchers make better decision on the number and shape of membership functions for thier ANFIS models. Hence, this study examines the role of four popular shapes of membership functions on the performance of ANFIS while solving various classification problems. According to experiments, Gaussian membership function demonstrated higher degree of accuracy with lesser computational complexity as compared to the counterparts.
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    Evaluation of Spalling Fallout on Excavation Disturbed Zone under Deep Hard Rock Tunnel (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-15
    Beschreibung: The prediction of compressive stress-induced failures is of concern when designing and constructing facilities in rock for deep underground excavation. The purpose of this study is to model compressive stress-induced failure and fallouts with appropriate material models and strength parameters for deep hard rock tunnel excavation. Three method of numerical modelling are used, which are Generalised Hoek-Brown; Mohr-Coulomb; and Mohr-Coulomb with Cohesion Softening Friction Hardening (CSFH) material models for capturing the observed rock behaviour. A parametric study was also carried out to verify that the peak friction angle of 10° used in CSFH model. The results show that numerical models used only Generalised Hoek-Brown and Mohr Coulomb strength parameters does not show a good agreement with the observed fallout. The comparison revealed that the numerical models using the Mohr-Coulomb with CSFH provides most realistic to the observation fallout length. This model is valid for p...
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    Systematic Assessment Through Mathematical Model For Sustainability Reporting In Malaysia Context (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-15
    Beschreibung: Sustainability assessment have been studied and increasingly recognized as a powerful and valuable tool to measure the performance of sustainability in a company or industry. Nowadays, there are many existing tools that the users can use for sustainable development. There are various initiatives exists on tools for sustainable development, though most of the tools focused on environmental, economy and social aspects. Using the Green Project Management (GPM) P5 concept that suggests the firms not only needs to engage in mainly 3Ps principle: planet, profit, people responsible behaviours, but also, product and process need to be included in the practices, this study will introduce a new mathematical model for assessing the level of sustainability practice in the company. Based on multiple case studies, involving in-depth interviews with senior directors, feedback from experts, and previous engineering report, a systematic approach is done with the aims to obtain the respective dat...
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    Modified Parameters of Harmony Search Algorithm for Better Searching (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-15
    Beschreibung: The scheduling and rostering problems are deliberated as integrated due to they depend on each other whereby the input of rostering problems is a scheduling problems. In this research, the integrated scheduling and rostering bus driver problems are defined as maximising the balance of the assignment of tasks in term of distribution of shifts and routes. It is essential to achieve is fairer among driver because this can bring to increase in driver levels of satisfaction. The latest approaches still unable to address the fairness problem that has emerged, thus this research proposes a strategy to adopt an amendment of a harmony search algorithm in order to address the fairness issue and thus the level of fairness will be escalate. The harmony search algorithm is classified as a meta-heuristics algorithm that is capable of solving hard and combinatorial or discrete optimisation problems. In this respect, the three main operators in HS, namely the Harmony Memory Consideration Rate (...
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    Reducing Error Rates for Iris Image using higher Contrast in Normalization process (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-15
    Beschreibung: Iris recognition system is the most secured, and faster means of identification and authentication. However, iris recognition system suffers a setback from blurring, low contrast and illumination due to low quality image which compromises the accuracy of the system. The acceptance or rejection rates of verified user depend solely on the quality of the image. In many cases, iris recognition system with low image contrast could falsely accept or reject user. Therefore this paper adopts Histogram Equalization Technique to address the problem of False Rejection Rate (FRR) and False Acceptance Rate (FAR) by enhancing the contrast of the iris image. A histogram equalization technique enhances the image quality and neutralizes the low contrast of the image at normalization stage. The experimental result shows that Histogram Equalization Technique has reduced FRR and FAR compared to the existing techniques.
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  • 192
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    A review on measurement techniques of apparent thermal conductivity of nanofluids (2017)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-15
    Beschreibung: Thermal conductivity of nanofluids has been extensively studied for a number of years because it is a very first evaluation of the heat transfer performance of nanofluids. However, not the single theoretical model predicts thermal conductivity of nanofluids accurately. Hence, different measurement techniques have been used to measure thermal conductivity of nanofluids. This paper focuses on different measurement techniques of thermal conductivity of nanofluids. The working principle, limitation and advantages of different measurement techniques have been discussed. The measurement techniques discussed in this paper included transient hot wire, transient plane source, 3-omega technique, steady-state parallel method, thermal comparator and laser flash method. Eventually, some suggestions have been made for improving the reliability of the measurement of thermal conductivity.
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    Texture Feature Analysis for Different Resolution Level of Kidney Ultrasound Images (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-15
    Beschreibung: Image feature extraction is a technique to identify the characteristic of the image. The objective of this work is to discover the texture features that best describe a tissue characteristic of a healthy kidney from ultrasound (US) image. Three ultrasound machines that have different specifications are used in order to get a different quality (different resolution) of the image. Initially, the acquired images are pre-processed to de-noise the speckle to ensure the image preserve the pixels in a region of interest (ROI) for further extraction. Gaussian Low- pass Filter is chosen as the filtering method in this work. 150 of enhanced images then are segmented by creating a foreground and background of image where the mask is created to eliminate some unwanted intensity values. Statistical based texture features method is used namely Intensity Histogram (IH), Gray-Level Co-Occurance Matrix (GLCM) and Gray-level run-length matrix (GLRLM).This method is depends on the spatial distribu...
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    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Publiziert von Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Determining Level of Service for Multilane Median Opening Zone (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-15
    Beschreibung: The road system is a capital-intensive investment, requiring thorough schematic framework and funding. Roads are built to provide an intrinsic quality of service which satisfies the road users. Roads that provide good services are expected to deliver operational performance that is consistent with their design specifications. Level of service and cumulative percentile speed distribution methods have been used in previous studies to estimate the quality of multilane highway service. Whilst the level of service approach relies on speed/flow curve, the cumulative percentile speed distribution is based solely speed. These estimation methods were used in studies carried out in Johor Malaysia. The aim of the studies is to ascertain the extent of speed reduction caused by midblock U-turn facilities as well as verify which estimation method is more reliable. At selected sites, road segments for both directional flows were divided into free-flow and midblock zones. Traffic volume, speed ...
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    Android Malware Classification Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-15
    Beschreibung: Malware was designed to gain access or damage a computer system without user notice. Besides, attacker exploits malware to commit crime or fraud. This paper proposed Android malware classification approach based on K-Means clustering algorithm. We evaluate the proposed model in terms of accuracy using machine learning algorithms. Two datasets were selected to demonstrate the practicing of K-Means clustering algorithms that are Virus Total and Malgenome dataset. We classify the Android malware into three clusters which are ransomware, scareware and goodware. Nine features were considered for each types of dataset such as Lock Detected, Text Detected, Text Score, Encryption Detected, Threat, Porn, Law, Copyright and Moneypak. We used IBM SPSS Statistic software for data classification and WEKA tools to evaluate the built cluster. The proposed K-Means clustering algorithm shows promising result with high accuracy when tested using Random Forest algorithm.
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    Gesture Recognition for Educational Games: Magic Touch Math (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-15
    Beschreibung: Children nowadays are having problem learning and understanding basic mathematical operations because they are not interested in studying or learning mathematics. This project proposes an educational game called Magic Touch Math that focuses on basic mathematical operations targeted to children between the age of three to five years old using gesture recognition to interact with the game. Magic Touch Math was developed in accordance to the Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC) methodology. The prototype developed has helped children to learn basic mathematical operations via intuitive gestures. It is hoped that the application is able to get the children motivated and interested in mathematics.
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    Influence of hydrophobic surface treatment toward performance of air filter (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-15
    Beschreibung: This study investigated the performance of hydrophobic surface treatment by using silica aerogel powder via spray coating techniques. Hydrophobic properties were determined by measuring the level of the contact angle. Meanwhile, performance was evaluated in term of the hydrogen gas flow and humidity rejection. The results are shown by contact angle that the microstructure filter, especially in the upper layer and sub-layer has been changed. The results also show an increase of hydrophobicity due to the increased quantity of silica aerogel powder. Results also showed that the absorption and rejection filter performance filter has increased after the addition of silica aerogel powder. The results showed that with the addition of 5 grams of powder of silica aerogel have the highest result of wetting angle 134.11°. The highest humidity rejection found with 5 grams of powder of silica aerogel.
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    Cyclic Voltammetry Measurement for Cu 2 O Based Homostructure Thin Film (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-15
    Beschreibung: This experiment is about fabrication of homojunction Copper Oxide (Cu 2 O) thin film by using electrodeposition method. The p-n homojunction Cu 2 O was successfully prepared by consecutively depositing p-type Cu 2 O layer on n-type Cu 2 O layer by using copper acetate based solution through potentiostatic electrodeposition. At first, the n-type Cu 2 O was fabricated at pH 6.2 and 6.5 with fixed potential of -0.125V vs Ag/AgCl and time deposition at 30 minutes. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement was carried out on this sample to determine the ideal potential range for fabrication of p-type Cu 2 O on n-type Cu 2 O/FTO substrate. From the result, deposition potential of -0.35V and -0.4V vs Ag/AgCl were appropriated for p-type Cu 2 O thin film fabrication. These potential values were variable with the selected pH values of 12.0 and 12.5 to fabricate the p-type Cu 2 O thin film. The other parameters suc...
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    Smart Collision Avoidance and Hazard Routing Mechanism for Intelligent Transport Network (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-15
    Beschreibung: The smart vehicular ad-hoc network is the network that consists of vehicles for smooth movement and better management of the vehicular connectivity across the given network. This research paper aims to propose a set of solution for the VANETs consisting of the automatic driven vehicles, also called as the autonomous car. Such vehicular networks are always prone to collision due to the natural or un-natural reasons which must be solved before the large-scale deployment of the autonomous transport systems. The newly designed intelligent transport movement control mechanism is based upon the intelligent data propagation along with the vehicle collision and traffic jam prevention schema [8], which may help the future designs of smart cities to become more robust and less error-prone. In the proposed model, the focus is on designing a new dynamic and robust hazard routing protocol for intelligent vehicular networks for improvement of the overall performance in various aspects. It is ...
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    Review on Malaysian Rail Transit Operation and Management System: Issues and Solution in Integration (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-15
    Beschreibung: In any context, operation and management of transportation systems are key issues which may affect both life quality and economic development. In large urban agglomerations, an efficient public transportation system may help abate the negative externalities of private car use such as congestion, air and noise pollution, accident and fuel consumption, without excessively penalizing user travel times or zone accessibility. Thus, this study is conducted to appraise the Malaysian rural rail transit operation and management system, which are considered important as there are many issues and solution in integration of the services that need to be tackled more conscientiously. The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the most important issues on integration of services and rail transit system in Malaysian and how to solve or reduce these problems and conflicts. In this paper, it consists of the historical development of rail transit construction in Malaysia. This paper also att...
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