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  • Professional Development  (3)
  • Cooperatives  (2)
  • Synthetic Biology and Assembly Cloning
  • Oxford University Press  (6)
  • MDPI
  • 2015-2019  (6)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1945-1949
  • 2017  (6)
Collection
Publisher
  • Oxford University Press  (6)
  • MDPI
Years
  • 2015-2019  (6)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1945-1949
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-01-05
    Description: Commodity-equity return co-movements rose dramatically during the Great Recession. This development took place following what has been dubbed the "financialization" of commodity markets. We first document changes since 1995 in the relative importance of financial institutions’ activity in agricultural futures markets. We then use a structural vector autoregression (VAR) model to ascertain the role of that activity in explaining correlations between weekly grain, livestock, and equity returns from 1995–2015. We provide robust evidence that, accounting for shocks that are idiosyncratic to agricultural markets, world business cycle shocks have a substantial and long-lasting impact on the latter’s co-movements with financial markets. In contrast, changes in the intensity of financial speculation have an impact on cross-market return linkages that is shorter-lived and not statistically significant in all model specifications.
    Keywords: G12 - Asset Pricing ; Trading volume ; Bond Interest Rates, G13 - Contingent Pricing ; Futures Pricing, Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis ; Prices, Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
    Print ISSN: 0002-9092
    Electronic ISSN: 1467-8276
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-01-05
    Description: This article considers changes in the perception and avoidance behavior of food risks over time. In Japan, consumers’ concerns about the risks of radiation exposure via food consumption rose rapidly after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station in 2011. We conducted choice experiment surveys three months, seven months, and eleven months after the Fukushima accident and simulated the conditional means of willingness to pay (WTP) for avoiding radiation exposure via food consumption in each survey period. The results show that although the characteristics of changes in averting behaviors vary depending on the type of food, the heterogeneity in WTP values for avoiding food risk tends to reduce (broaden) when their magnitude decreases (increases).
    Keywords: Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness, Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy, Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
    Print ISSN: 0002-9092
    Electronic ISSN: 1467-8276
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
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  • 3
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    Oxford University Press
    Publication Date: 2017-01-19
    Keywords: Professional Development
    Print ISSN: 0378-1097
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6968
    Topics: Biology
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-01-19
    Description: Infectious diseases are potential catalysts for exploring ‘engaged citizen’ or socioscientific themes given their interwoven economic, political, scientific and social dimensions. This article describes how an undergraduate course on the history of infectious diseases was modified to explore the impact of two ‘engaged citizen’ themes (poverty and technology), and to consider the ramifications of those themes on past, present and future infectious disease outbreaks. Four outbreaks were used as the foundation for the course: plague (1350s), puerperal fever (1840s), cholera (1850s) and syphilis (1930s). The first part of the article describes the general course structure and the role of university-wide ‘engaged citizen’ themes in its semester-specific construction. The second part of the article demonstrates how poverty and technology ‘threads’ were explored in each of the four historical contexts, and subsequently how they were considered in current and future contexts; appendices with lesson suggestions are provided. The third and final part of the article discusses how this specific model might be more broadly applied to other microbiology instructional contexts.
    Keywords: Professional Development
    Print ISSN: 0378-1097
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6968
    Topics: Biology
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-01-10
    Description: Despite the extensive use of  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  as a platform for synthetic biology, strain engineering remains slow and laborious. Here, we employ CRISPR/Cas9 technology to build a cloning-free toolkit that addresses commonly encountered obstacles in metabolic engineering, including chromosomal integration locus and promoter selection, as well as protein localization and solubility. The toolkit includes 23 Cas9-sgRNA plasmids, 37 promoters of various strengths and temporal expression profiles, and 10 protein-localization, degradation and solubility tags. We facilitated the use of these parts via a web-based tool, that automates the generation of DNA fragments for integration. Our system builds upon existing gene editing methods in the thoroughness with which the parts are standardized and characterized, the types and number of parts available and the ease with which our methodology can be used to perform genetic edits in yeast. We demonstrated the applicability of this toolkit by optimizing the expression of a challenging but industrially important enzyme, taxadiene synthase (TXS). This approach enabled us to diagnose an issue with TXS solubility, the resolution of which yielded a 25-fold improvement in taxadiene production.
    Keywords: Synthetic Biology and Assembly Cloning
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-01-12
    Description: With the alarming rise of antibiotic resistance, clinical professionals are called upon to manage antibiotic therapies using the most relevant and recent clinical and laboratory data. To this end, antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs aim to reduce unnecessary or suboptimal use of antibiotics while maximizing outcomes for the patient. For AMS programs to succeed, the active participation of clinical professionals at all levels of patient care is required. Although programs exist to train established clinicians in AMS, there is a paucity of literature on how and when to integrate AMS concepts and skills in pre-clinical and clinical coursework. Here, we discuss the crucial microbiology concepts and proficiencies that are necessary for building and supporting an AMS program. We provide recommendations for key points to include in clinical curricula in order to develop the necessary microbiology interpretation skills to participate in AMS. The influence of AMS programs on local organism susceptibility patterns is emphasized. The importance of antibiograms, rapid diagnostic testing and the practical interpretations of microbiology laboratory reporting are discussed in regard to prioritization in clinical curricula. We also review the current literature on instructional strategies for introducing AMS into clinical programs, and propose concepts that should be included in didactic coursework in order to provide a foundation for AMS education.
    Keywords: Professional Development
    Print ISSN: 0378-1097
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6968
    Topics: Biology
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