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  • Journals
  • Articles  (18,221)
  • Frontiers Media  (7,724)
  • Oxford University Press  (5,774)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (3,355)
  • PeerJ  (1,368)
  • 2020-2022
  • 2015-2019  (18,221)
  • 1985-1989
  • 2017  (18,221)
  • Biology  (18,150)
  • Technology  (71)
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  • Journals
  • Articles  (18,221)
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  • 2020-2022
  • 2015-2019  (18,221)
  • 1985-1989
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  • 1
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    [In Depth] A battle over the ‘best science’ (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-17
    Description: Who could object to calls for basing government regulations on the "best available science"? But in Washington, D.C., the phrase has become code for a contentious debate surrounding federal regulatory agencies. Last week, the debate heated up again in Congress as a Senate panel launched a potentially arduous effort to spell out how regulators should identify and use the best science. In a related effort, the House of Representatives science panel approved—for the third time in recent years—controversial bills that would require the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to make the data underlying all new rules publicly available and affect how it picks its science advisers. The largely Republican backers of the efforts say they are long overdue—and bet any changes have a better chance of becoming law under President Donald Trump, who has promised to streamline and reduce regulation. But observers of the nascent Senate effort—including many scientific societies—are wary, fearing it could end up promoting regulatory paralysis. And critics have blasted the House bills, arguing that they are designed to give industry a disproportionate voice in EPA decisions and cripple the agency's ability to issue rules. "The concern is that a lot of this looks like a clever, stealth attempt to create new legal and administrative pathways for slowing agencies down and tying them up in court, rather than genuinely trying to assure the use of the best science in rulemaking," says Paul Billings, senior vice president for advocacy in the American Lung Association's Washington, D.C., office. Author: David Malakoff
    Keywords: U.S. Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    [Business Office Feature] Webinar | Deciphering cancer: The intersection of epigenetics, metabolism, and tumorigenesis (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-17
    Description: Epigenetic modifications to DNA and histone proteins are known to regulate metabolic gene expression, which in turn impacts metabolite levels. Conversely, the machinery responsible for modifying DNA and histones at the epigenetic level is highly sensitive to metabolites arising from cellular metabolism. Thus, the metabolic changes associated with oncogenesis may affect the epigenetic machinery, creating a feedback loop that synergistically promotes the progression of cancer. This webinar will examine how, by targeting proteins responsible for the crosstalk between epigenetics and metabolism, we may be able to develop new and effective therapeutic options for cancer treatment.View the Webinar Authors: Kathryn Wellen, Jason Locasale
    Keywords: Science Webinar Series
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    [In Brief] News at a glance (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-17
    Description: In science news around the world, captive Japanese macaques at U.S. research labs may be designated as threatened, a new report finds an increase in the proportion of female researchers globally, an influential Australian climate think tank closes because of lack of funding, Canada weighs a genetic privacy law, and more. Also, one billion dollars in federally funded disease prevention activities would disappear in 2019 under the White House–backed effort by Republicans in Congress to replace the Affordable Care Act. And the first of a trio of autonomous underwater vehicles bearing the moniker Boaty McBoatface sets out on its maiden voyage, to Antarctic waters.
    Keywords: SCI COMMUN
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    [In Depth] Earth science a ‘no-brainer’ for NASA's science chief (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-17
    Description: In October 2016, Thomas Zurbuchen took the reins of NASA's science directorate. A heliophysicist from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Zurbuchen grew up in a tiny Swiss village with more cows than people. Raised in a deeply religious family, he grew comfortable asking the hard questions: "Where am I from?" and "What's my purpose?" He could soon face more hard questions from the administration of U.S. President Donald Trump, which is skeptical about the value of climate change research, much of it supported by NASA. After nearly 6 months on the job, Zurbuchen answers questions on the value of earth science, the role of risk, and how he talks to members of a polarized electorate. Author: Paul Voosen
    Keywords: Q&A
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    [In Depth] How plants learned to breathe (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-17
    Description: Anyone awed by towering redwoods should offer thanks to stomata, the tiny pores on the leaves of all trees and other vascular plants. These microscopic mouths allow plants to grow tall and to regulate carbon dioxide intake and water loss. Stomata, in short, helped plants colonize the landscape and transform the planet. Now, molecular studies are giving scientists glimpses of the early days of stomata and how they have changed since then. They suggest complex stomata evolved to help early plants control moisture in their spore capsules and that other plants later exploited these pores to breathe in carbon dioxide and exhale water vapor. And hundreds of millions of years later, more sophisticated stomata evolved in grasses, enabling them to tightly control water loss—a feature that helped them dominate dry landscapes around the world. Author: Elizabeth Pennisi
    Keywords: Evolution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    [In Depth] U.K. scientists gird for future break with EU (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-17
    Description: The United Kingdom is expected to begin the 2-year process of exiting the European Union by the end of March. U.K. researchers are now facing up to the prospect that they won't be able to apply for EU funding or easily recruit postdocs and colleagues from the rest of Europe. To lessen the blow to research, scientists and bureaucrats are already brainstorming about new funding structures and international collaborations that could make up for the lost EU money and brainpower. They are also taking some comfort in a major boost to government R&D funding, detailed last week, aimed at building up research areas that could bolster domestic industries. Yet much uncertainty hangs on what are expected to be rancorous negotiations with the European Union, covering issues such as the right of foreign citizens to remain in the United Kingdom and a possible exit bill from Brussels. Author: Erik Stokstad
    Keywords: Scientific Community
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    [Perspective] Genome editors take on crops (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-17
    Description: The global population is expected to rise from 7.3 billion to 9.7 billion by 2050 (1). At the same time, climate change poses increasing risks to crop production through droughts and pests (2). Improved crops are thus urgently needed to meet growing demand for food and address changing climatic conditions. Genome-editing technologies such as the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas (CRISPR-associated protein) system (3) show promise for helping to address these challenges, if the precision of genome editing is improved and the technology is approved and accepted by regulators, producers, and consumers. Authors: Armin Scheben, David Edwards
    Keywords: Plant Breeding
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    [Perspective] Learning from monkey “talk” (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-17
    Description: A fundamental problem for understanding the evolution of human language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuman primates. Most researchers have focused on vocal plasticity—that is, the ability to learn novel sounds or modify call structure in response to social or environmental variables. Although songbirds, whales, dolphins, and some other mammals have this ability, nonhuman primates have appeared not to have it (1). Other studies found that nonhuman primates do not have a vocal tract that would allow them to produce the sounds of human speech (2) and that primates cannot take turns, a critical aspect of human conversation (3). All three points have been challenged by recent research (see the table), suggesting that nonhuman primates may after all be valuable models for understanding the evolution of speech and language. Author: Charles T. Snowdon
    Keywords: Language Development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    [Perspective] Old moms say, no Sir (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-17
    Description: Is aging ineluctable, or are there genetic programs of aging that could be manipulated to extend life span? Research over the past two decades has provided powerful evidence that aging is indeed regulated by genes that control highly conserved pathways (1). For example, mutations in single genes in model organisms like flies and worms not only allow these animals to live longer, but rejuvenate them as well (2). Even the single-celled budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae ages, and specific genes likewise control this process (1). Indeed, one of the most powerful genetic manipulations to extend life span was discovered in yeast. The histone deacetylase silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) is required for repressing the transcription of certain mating-type loci, telomeres, and ribosomal DNA (3–5). The latter had been linked to aging in yeast, inspiring studies that revealed Sir2's importance for this process (6). Subsequent work in yeast and animal models established that changes in Sir2 activity are responsible for much of the life span–extending effects of caloric restriction (7). On page 1184 of this issue, Schlissel et al. (8) report that a particular facet of aging, which had long been attributed to age-dependent changes in Sir2 function, is caused by a new mechanism. Authors: Aaron D. Gitler, Daniel F. Jarosz
    Keywords: Aging
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    [Perspective] Atoms on the move—finding the hydrogen (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-17
    Description: Hydrogen wreaks havoc in many alloy systems, leading to embrittlement that can cause catastrophic failure. This is a serious issue for any industry that produces or uses hydrogen—affecting production, transport, storage, and use—and is a real challenge for the development of a hydrogen economy. However, the design of new materials that resist hydrogen embrittlement is limited by the difficulty of experimentally measuring or observing hydrogen; precisely locating hydrogen at the atomic scale is a notorious challenge in materials science. Other examples of where this information is required include the development of fuel cells, the prevention of corrosion, and the improvement of catalytic processes. On page 1196 of this issue, Chen et al. (1) directly observe the precise, atomic-scale, three-dimensional (3D) distribution of hydrogen atoms within matter by using a new approach to atom probe tomography that utilizes deuteration, cryogenic transfer, and sophisticated data-analysis algorithms. Author: Julie Cairney
    Keywords: Materials Science
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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