ALBERT

Description: The vast majority of genes in sexually reproducing eukaryotes can recombine during the production of gametes. This reshuffling generates new genotypes that may provide selective advantages. However, reshuffling does not occur among the few genes in the genomes of cytoplasmic organelles (chloroplasts and mitochondria). Instead, these organelles are almost always transmitted through maternal inheritance (1). Why is this phenomenon widespread and how is it achieved? On page 394 of this issue, Zhou et al. (2) solve part of this puzzle by identifying the enzyme that degrades sperm mitochondrial DNA after fertilization. Author: Alexander M. van der Bliek

Description: Author: Laura M. Zahn

Description: Author: Beverly A. Purnell

Description: "This missing science of heredity … is, in simple truth, ten times more important to humanity than all the chemistry and physics, all the technical and industrial science that ever has been or ever will be discovered," wrote H. G. Wells in 1903. Having dedicated more than 500 pages to the topic in his new book, The Gene, Siddhartha Mukherjee would seem to agree. The book examines human genetics, from its philosophical roots in the work of Aristotle, through Gregor Mendel's garden and Thomas Hunt Morgan's work on fruitflies, and including active work in genome editing. Author: Michael A. Goldman

Description: Two teams have developed innovative new applications of the popular genome-editing method CRISPR. One of the groups has used it to mark and trace cells in a developing animal. In the method's first test, described online today in Science, the researchers reveal that many tissues and organs in adult zebrafish form from just a few embryonic cells. Other researchers are already looking to adapt the method to mice, or to exploit it to trace the evolution of tumors. The second group found a way to use CRISPR-guided mutations to record a cell's history—for example, the environmental signals that influence it. Author: Kai Kupferschmidt

Description: Author: Valda Vinson

Description: The way science is represented to the public can influence understanding and expectations, frame policy debates, and affect the implementation and use of emerging technologies. Inaccurate representations of research may, for example, lead to public confusion about the readiness of a technology for clinical application. As a result, the issue of science “hype”—in which the state of scientific progress, the degree of certainty in models or bench results, or the potential applications of research are exaggerated—is receiving increased attention from the popular press, the research community, and scientific societies (1). In newly issued guidelines on the ethical conduct of human pluripotent stem cell research and clinical translation (2), the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) explicitly recognizes and confronts the issue of science hype. By placing a clear obligation on researchers, the ISSCR hopes to make balance in public representations of research a norm associated with scientific integrity. The focus on public communication, which is new to this version of the guidelines, is the result of both specific concerns regarding how stem cell research has been portrayed in the public sphere and the growing recognition that researchers play an important role in the science communication process. Authors: Timothy Caulfield, Douglas Sipp, Charles E. Murry, George Q. Daley, Jonathan Kimmelman

Description: A preprint is a complete scientific manuscript (often one also being submitted to a peer-reviewed journal) that is uploaded by the authors to a public server without formal review. After a brief inspection to ensure that the work is scientific in nature, the posted scientific manuscript can be viewed without charge on the Web. Thus, preprint servers facilitate the direct and open delivery of new knowledge and concepts to the worldwide scientific community before traditional validation through peer review (1, 2). Although the preprint server arXiv.org has been essential for physics, mathematics, and computer sciences for over two decades, preprints are currently used minimally in biology. Authors: Jeremy M. Berg, Needhi Bhalla, Philip E. Bourne, Martin Chalfie, David G. Drubin, James S. Fraser, Carol W. Greider, Michael Hendricks, Chonnettia Jones, Robert Kiley, Susan King, Marc W. Kirschner, Harlan M. Krumholz, Ruth Lehmann, Maria Leptin, Bernd Pulverer, Brooke Rosenzweig, John E. Spiro, Michael Stebbins, Carly Strasser, Sowmya Swaminathan, Paul Turner, Ronald D. Vale, K. VijayRaghavan, Cynthia Wolberger

Description: Changes in gene regulatory networks (GRNs) underlie many phenotypic differences between species. However, the mechanisms of GRN evolution are still being debated (1–5). Explaining how GRNs originate, diversify, and maintain their identities despite regulatory element turnover is essential for developing mechanistic explanations for the origin, diversification, and conservation of homologous characters between species. Among the major outstanding questions in GRN evolution is whether individual cis-regulatory elements arise de novo through the gradual accumulation of mutations that increase the regulatory potential of existing DNA or whether cis-regulatory elements originate more rapidly through concerted processes. On page 1083 of this issue, Chuong et al. provide evidence that concerted processes, involving endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which are remarkably abundant in mammalian genomes, have contributed to the evolution of the regulatory systems that control the mammalian immune system (6). Author: Vincent J. Lynch

Description: The field of physical anthropology recently has been convulsed by several high profile cases of alleged sexual harassment, and by a survey of field scientists showing that harassment during fieldwork is common. So when physical anthropologists gathered last week at their annual meeting, reducing such problems was high on the agenda. But how to change the culture of a discipline? Meeting organizers and advocates offered a menu of actions to battle harassment, from symbolic to concrete. All meeting registrants were required to agree to the American Association of Physical Anthropologists's code of ethics, and panels and workshops offered specific suggestions to women describing incidents of harassment and discrimination. Authors: Ann Gibbons, Elizabeth Culotta

Description: The generation of a mature egg, or oocyte, is essential for fertility. The oocyte requires the production of considerable quantities of messenger RNA (mRNA), protein, and organelles during its formation, a store needed for the subsequent development of the fertilized egg. In some species, these components are provided by neighboring cells called nurse cells (1). The role of nurse cells during oocyte development has been well studied in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, but it has been unclear if mammalian species also have nurse cells. On page 95 of this issue, Lei and Spradling (2) provide evidence for nurse cells during mouse oogenesis, adding to our understanding of mammalian oocyte development and raising hope for new infertility treatments. Author: Melissa E. Pepling

Description: Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are often characterized as remedies to educational disparities related to social class. Using data from 68 MOOCs offered by Harvard and MIT between 2012 and 2014, we found that course participants from the United States tended to live in more-affluent and better-educated neighborhoods than the average U.S. resident. Among those who did register for courses, students with greater socioeconomic resources were more likely to earn a certificate. Furthermore, these differences in MOOC access and completion were larger for adolescents and young adults, the traditional ages where people find on-ramps into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) coursework and careers. Our findings raise concerns that MOOCs and similar approaches to online learning can exacerbate rather than reduce disparities in educational outcomes related to socioeconomic status.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, John D -- Reich, Justin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1245-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3782. Epub 2015 Dec 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. john_hansen@mail.harvard.edu. ; Office of Digital Learning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Claiborne, Anne B -- English, Rebecca A -- Kahn, Jeffrey P -- 10002265/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):668-70. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf3091. Epub 2016 Feb 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Medicine, U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA. aclaiborne@nas.edu. ; Institute of Medicine, U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA. ; Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26842937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):16-9. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shanahan, Jesse -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):418. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6271.418.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jesse Shanahan is a master's student in astronomy at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Global climate change is a major threat to biodiversity. Large-scale analyses have generally focused on the impacts of climate change on the geographic ranges of species and on phenology, the timing of ecological phenomena. We used long-term monitoring of the abundance of breeding birds across Europe and the United States to produce, for both regions, composite population indices for two groups of species: those for which climate suitability has been either improving or declining since 1980. The ratio of these composite indices, the climate impact indicator (CII), reflects the divergent fates of species favored or disadvantaged by climate change. The trend in CII is positive and similar in the two regions. On both continents, interspecific and spatial variation in population abundance trends are well predicted by climate suitability trends.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephens, Philip A -- Mason, Lucy R -- Green, Rhys E -- Gregory, Richard D -- Sauer, John R -- Alison, Jamie -- Aunins, Ainars -- Brotons, Lluis -- Butchart, Stuart H M -- Campedelli, Tommaso -- Chodkiewicz, Tomasz -- Chylarecki, Przemyslaw -- Crowe, Olivia -- Elts, Jaanus -- Escandell, Virginia -- Foppen, Ruud P B -- Heldbjerg, Henning -- Herrando, Sergi -- Husby, Magne -- Jiguet, Frederic -- Lehikoinen, Aleksi -- Lindstrom, Ake -- Noble, David G -- Paquet, Jean-Yves -- Reif, Jiri -- Sattler, Thomas -- Szep, Tibor -- Teufelbauer, Norbert -- Trautmann, Sven -- van Strien, Arco J -- van Turnhout, Chris A M -- Vorisek, Petr -- Willis, Stephen G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):84-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4858.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation Ecology Group, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. ; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK. ; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK. Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. ; United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. ; Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK. ; Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia. ; Center for Mediterranean Forest Research, Centre Tecnologic Forestal de Catalunya, InForest JRU, Solsona 25280, Spain. REAF, Cerdanyola del Valles 08193, Catalonia, Spain. CSIC, Cerdanyola del Valles 08193, Catalonia, Spain. ; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK. ; MITO2000 National Committee; c/o Dream Italia, Via Garibaldi 3, 52015, Pratovecchio-Stia, Arezzo, Italy. ; Ogolnopolskie Towarzystwo Ochrony Ptakow, Odrowaza 24,05-270 Marki, Poland. ; Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa, Poland. ; BirdWatch Ireland, Unit 20 Block D Bullford Business Campus, Kilcoole, County Wicklow, Ireland. ; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise Street 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia. Estonian Ornithological Society, Veski 4, 51005 Tartu, Estonia. ; Sociedad Espanola de Ornitologia/BirdLife Melquiades Biencinto, 34, 28053 Madrid. Spain. ; European Bird Census Council, Post Office Box 6521, 6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Post Office Box 6521, 6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Post Office Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Dansk Ornitologisk Forening-BirdLife Denmark and University of Aarhus, Vesterbrogade 140, 1620 Kobenhavn V, Denmark. ; European Bird Census Council-Catalan Ornithological Institute, Natural History Museum of Barcelona, Placa Leonardo da Vinci 4-5, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ; Section for Science, Nord University, 7600 Levanger, Norway. ; UMR7204 Sorbonne Universites-MNHN-CNRS-UPMC, CESCO, CRBPO, CP 135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. ; The Helsinki Lab of Ornithology, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Post Office Box 17, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. ; Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden. ; The British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK. ; Natagora, Departement Etudes, Rue Nanon 98, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. ; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17 Listopadu 50, 771 43 Olomouc, Czech Republic. ; Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland. ; Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Nyiregyhaza, Sostoi ut 31/b, 4400 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary. ; BirdLife Austria, Museumsplatz 1/10/8, A-1070 Vienna, Austria. ; Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten e.V. (Federation of German Avifaunists), An den Speichern 6, D-48157 Munster, Germany. ; Statistics Netherlands, Post Office Box 24500, 2490 HA The Hague, Netherlands. ; Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Post Office Box 6521, 6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Post Office Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17 Listopadu 50, 771 43 Olomouc, Czech Republic. Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme, Czech Society for Ornithology, Na Belidle 252/34, CZ-15000 Prague 5, Czech Republic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1138-40. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):641. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf4014. Epub 2016 Feb 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marcia McNutt Editor-in-Chief Science Journals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fahlgren, Noah -- Bart, Rebecca -- Herrera-Estrella, Luis -- Rellan-Alvarez, Ruben -- Chitwood, Daniel H -- Dinneny, Jose R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):824. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6275.824-a. Epub 2016 Feb 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA. ; Nacional de Genomica para la Biodiversidad, Irapuato, 36821, Mexico. ; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA. jdinneny@carnegiescience.edu dchitwood@danforthcenter.org. ; Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. jdinneny@carnegiescience.edu dchitwood@danforthcenter.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 8;351(6269):115. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6269.115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26744390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):10-1. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉With reporting from Science's news staff.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):277-8. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6283.277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Varmus, Harold -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 8;352(6282):123. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf7301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harold Varmus is the Lewis Thomas University Professor at the Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Senior Associate Member of the New York Genome Center, New York, NY; and former director of the U.S. National Cancer Institute. varmus@med.cornell.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27124426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fu, He -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):486. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6284.486.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉He Fu is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Microbiology at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. For more on life and careers, visit sciencecareers.org. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alberts, Bruce -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 15;351(6270):207. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf2001.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bruce Alberts is the Chancellor's Leadership Chair in Biochemistry and Biophysics for Science and Education at the University of California, San Francisco, CA, and emeritus editor-in-chief of Science. Bruce.Alberts@ucsf.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):394-5. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6284.394. Epub 2016 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blum, Arlene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1117. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf5468. Epub 2016 Mar 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Arlene Blum is founder and executive director of the Green Science Policy Institute, Berkeley, CA. arlene@GreenSciencePolicy.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):14. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richmond, Geraldine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):427. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf2869. Epub 2016 Jan 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geraldine Richmond is president of AAAS and Presidential Chair in Science and professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Oregon, Eugene, OR. richmond@oregon.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823402" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):20. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6281.20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):325-6. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6271.325.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26797992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roman, Joe -- Kraska, James -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1258-60. doi: 10.1126/science.aad4247.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA. jroman@uvm.edu. ; Stockton Center for the Study of International Law, U.S. Naval War College, Newport, RI 02841, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Author: Jake Yeston

Description: Author: Jake Yeston

Description: Paleoanthropologist Brian Richmond, who allegedly sexually assaulted a research assistant and harassed trainees in a field school, has resigned his prestigious position as curator of human origins at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, the museum said this week. Richmond, who has been the subject of repeated investigations over the past 2 years for violating policies on sexual harassment, will continue to work off-site until 31 December, and will be paid 1 year of salary, as his contract, which included tenure, requires. Richmond's case convulsed the field of paleoanthropology, and reaction to the news of his resignation was swift. Author: Ann Gibbons

Description: Of all the human uniqueness claims proposed over the years, theory of mind enjoys perhaps the most prominent status. The term “theory of mind” refers to the ability to know what others know, that is, to attribute mental states such as intentions, goals, and knowledge to others. It is widely held to be unique to humans. Yet, given the results reported by Krupenye et al. on page 110 of this issue, this claim is starting to wobble (1). The authors show that apes can correctly anticipate where human actors will look for a hidden item, even if the apes know that the item is no longer there. Ironically, this finding brings us back to square one, because apes played a major role in the formulation of the theory of mind concept. Author: Frans B. M. de Waal