ALBERT

Beschreibung: Sources and Transformations of Anthropogenic Nitrogen along an Urban River-Estuarine Continuum Michael J. Pennino, Sujay S. Kaushal, Sudhir Murthy, Joel Blomquist, Jeff Cornwell, and Lora Harris Biogeosciences Discuss., doi:10.5194/bg-2016-264,2016 Manuscript under review for BG (discussion: open, 0 comments) The results of this manuscript report the analysis of the fate and transport of wastewater and anthropogenic nitrogen along the Potomac River Estuary, from Washington D.C. to the Chesapeake Bay. In conjunction with a mass balance approach, nitrate isotopes were used to estimate fluxes and trace the sources and transformations N along the estuary. This study shows that estuaries have a large capacity to transform N inputs, but with large seasonal variability due to hydrological extremes.

Beschreibung: Author(s): Stefan Rex, Flavio S. Nogueira, and Asle Sudbø The magnetoelectric effect predicted in topological insulators makes heterostructures that combine magnetic materials and such insulators promising candidates for spintronics applications. Here, we theoretically consider a setup that exhibits two well-separated interfaces between a topological insul… [Phys. Rev. B 94, 020404(R)] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): A. K. Choquette, C. R. Smith, R. J. Sichel-Tissot, E. J. Moon, M. D. Scafetta, E. Di Gennaro, F. Miletto Granozio, E. Karapetrova, and S. J. May The control of octahedral rotations in perovskite heterostructures is an emerging strategy for inducing new functionality as evidenced by recent predictions of improper ferroelectricity, polar metals, and multiferroics. Many of these predictions are predicated on the presence of a specific rotation pattern ( a − a − c + ) in superlattices that exhibit the orthorhombic ( P b n m ) perovskite structural variant. The authors use synchrotron diffraction to measure the octahedral rotation patterns in strained ferrite, manganite, and gallate perovskite films finding that compressive strain strongly favors a + a − c − rotation patterns and tensile strain weakly favors a − a − c + structures. In contrast, films grown on orthorhombic substrates exhibit the same rotation pattern orientation as the substrate, even for epitaxial conditions where strain would favor the opposite structural orientation. The results indicate that substrate imprinting is a more robust method than strain for controlling the rotation pattern in P b n m -type perovskite films, a finding that should enable more efficient experimental pursuits of rotation-driven ferroic states in oxide heterostructures. [Phys. Rev. B 94, 024105] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): E.-M. Anton, S. Granville, A. Engel, S. V. Chong, M. Governale, U. Zülicke, A. G. Moghaddam, H. J. Trodahl, F. Natali, S. Vézian, and B. J. Ruck Ferromagnetism and superconductivity are two generally incompatible states of matter. Their coexistence has been observed only under very unusual circumstances and so far only in metals. In contrast, most semiconductors are not naturally magnetic or superconducting, but introducing magnetism or superconductivity into semiconductors is seen as an important step towards radical improvement of our electronics capabilities and therefore a hotly pursued goal. Here, the authors report the discovery of superconductivity coexisting with ferromagnetism in the semiconducting material samarium nitride (SmN). The large intrinsic exchange splitting of the conduction band in SmN requires the superconducting order to be of unconventional (likely p -wave) type. Superconductivity is observed to be even further enhanced in superlattices where layers of SmN alternate with layers made of the strongly ferromagnetic but non-superconducting material gadolinium nitride. These features render SmN an interesting laboratory for understanding more about the fundamentals of ferromagnetism and superconductivity in semiconductors and exploring opportunities for integrating superconducting spintronics into the design of semiconductor-based electronic devices. [Phys. Rev. B 94, 024106] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Fadi Sun, Jinwu Ye, and Wu-Ming Liu In this paper, we study the rotated ferromagnetic Heisenberg model (RFHM) in two different transverse fields, h x and h z , which can be intuitively visualized as studying spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects in two-dimensional (2D) Ising or anisotropic X Y model in a transverse field. At a special SOC cla… [Phys. Rev. B 94, 024409] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Lars Bjaalie, Anderson Janotti, Burak Himmetoglu, and Chris G. Van de Walle Complex-oxide interfaces can give rise to two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) with extremely high densities: for SrTiO 3 / GdTiO 3 (STO/GTO), a density of 1/2 electron per unit-cell area is found within the STO. In this work we use first-principles calculations to study GTO/STO/GTO heterostructures, … [Phys. Rev. B 94, 035115] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Jörg Bünemann, Thorben Linneweber, Ute Löw, Frithjof B. Anders, and Florian Gebhard We employ the Gutzwiller variational approach to investigate the interplay of Coulomb interaction and spin-orbit coupling in a three-orbital Hubbard model. Already in the paramagnetic phase we find a substantial renormalization of the spin-orbit coupling that enters the effective single-particle Ham… [Phys. Rev. B 94, 035116] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Maxim Trushin, Mark Oliver Goerbig, and Wolfgang Belzig We develop an analytically solvable model able to qualitatively explain nonhydrogenic exciton spectra observed recently in two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting transition-metal dichalcogenides. Our exciton Hamiltonian explicitly includes additional angular momentum associated with the pseudospin degr… [Phys. Rev. B 94, 041301(R)] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Boreal fire records in Northern Hemisphere ice cores: A review Michel Legrand, Joseph McConnell, Hubertus Fischer, Eric W. Wolff, Susanne Preunkert, Nathan Chellman, Daiana Leuenberger, Olivia Maselli, Michael Sigl, Simon Schüpbach, and Mike Flannigan Clim. Past Discuss., doi:10.5194/cp-2016-70,2016 Manuscript under review for CP (discussion: open, 0 comments) Here we review previous attempts made to reconstruct past forest fire using chemical signals recorded in Greenland ice. We showed that the Greenland ice records of ammonium, found to be a good fire proxy, consistently indicate changing fire activity in Canada in response to past climatic conditions that occurred since the last 15 000 years including the little ice age and the last large climatic transition.

Beschreibung: Author(s): Anthony G. Duarte, Orlando Oliveira, and Paulo J. Silva The dependence of the Landau gauge two-point gluon and ghost correlation functions on the lattice spacing and on the physical volume are investigated for pure SU(3) Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions using lattice simulations. We present data from very large lattices up to 128 4 and for two lattice… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 014502] Published Fri Jul 08, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Takahiro Morimoto and Naoto Nagaosa We study excitonic processes second order in the electric fields in noncentrosymmetric crystals. We derive formulas for shift current and second harmonic generation produced by exciton creation, by using the Floquet formalism combined with the Keldysh Green's function method. It is shown that (i) th… [Phys. Rev. B 94, 035117] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): V. P. Gonçalves, B. D. Moreira, F. S. Navarra, and D. Spiering In this paper, we study leading neutron production in photon-hadron interactions that take place in p p and p A collisions at large impact parameters. Using a model that describes the recent leading neutron data at HERA, we consider exclusive vector meson production in association with a leading neutr… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 014009] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Rafael C. Nunes, Supriya Pan, and Emmanuel N. Saridakis We use the latest compilation of observational Hubble parameter measurements estimated with the differential evolution of cosmic chronometers, in combination with the local value of the Hubble constant recently measured with 2.4% precision, to constrain the cosmological scenario where dark energy in… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 023508] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Marina Cermeño, M. Ángeles Pérez-García, and Joseph Silk We calculate the mean free path in a hot and dense nuclear environment for a fermionic dark matter particle candidate in the ∼ GeV mass range interacting with nucleons via scalar and vector effective couplings. We focus on the effects of density and temperature in the nuclear medium in order to evalu… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 023509] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): M. Astorino, G. Compère, R. Oliveri, and N. Vandevoorde The explicit solution for a Kerr-Newman black hole immersed in an external magnetic field, sometimes called the Melvin-Kerr-Newman black hole, has been derived by Ernst and Wild in 1976. In this paper, we clarify the first law and Smarr formula for black holes in a magnetic field. We then define the… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 024019] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Yue Dai, Zhejun Shen, and Yu Shi We consider quantum entanglement of three accelerating qubits, each of which is locally coupled with a real scalar field, without causal influence among the qubits or among the fields. The initial states are assumed to be the GHZ and W states, which are the two representative three-partite entangled… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 025012] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): George Moutsopoulos We show how, by assuming at least eight real timelike supersymmetries in the maximally supersymmetric three-dimensional ungauged supergravity and a further simplifying ansatz, we are naturally led to a pair of Liouville field equations. These are solvable in terms of two meromorphic functions, and w… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 025013] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Yago Bea, Niko Jokela, and Alfonso V. Ramallo We study the properties of a D6-brane probe in the Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena (ABJM) background with smeared massless dynamical quarks in the Veneziano limit. Working at zero temperature and nonvanishing charge density, we show that the system undergoes a quantum phase transition in which th… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 026003] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Sergio Chibbaro and Christophe Josserand We investigate the onset of intermittency for vibrating elastic plate turbulence in the framework of the weak wave turbulence theory using a numerical approach. The spectrum of the displacement field and the structure functions of the fluctuations are computed for different forcing amplitudes. At lo… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 011101(R)] Published Fri Jul 08, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Ilja Doršner, Svjetlana Fajfer, and Nejc Košnik We advocate the possibility that the observed diphoton excess at 750 GeV at the LHC can be addressed by the scalar field that is a part of the S U ( 5 ) symmetry breaking sector. The field in question is the Standard Model singlet that resides in the adjoint representation that breaks S U ( 5 ) down to S U ( 3 … [Phys. Rev. D 94, 015009] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Adam Falkowski and Jernej F. Kamenik The diphoton excess around m X = 750     GeV observed by ATLAS and CMS can be interpreted as coming from a massive spin-2 excitation. We explore this possibility in the context of warped five-dimensional models with the Standard Model (SM) fields propagating in the bulk of the extra dimension. The 750 GeV… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 015008] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Kenny C. Y. Ng, John F. Beacom, Annika H. G. Peter, and Carsten Rott The solar disk is a bright gamma-ray source. Surprisingly, its flux is about 1 order of magnitude higher than predicted. As a first step toward understanding the physical origin of this discrepancy, we perform a new analysis in 1–100 GeV using 6 years of public Fermi-LAT data. Compared to the previo… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 023004] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Saroj Kumar Nandi and Sriram Ramaswamy We study the growth kinetics of glassy correlations in a structural glass by monitoring the evolution, within mode-coupling theory, of a suitably defined three-point function χ C ( t , t w ) with time t and waiting time t w . From the complete wave-vector-dependent equations of motion for domain growth, we p… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 012607] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): V. K. Chandrasekar, R. Gopal, D. V. Senthilkumar, and M. Lakshmanan We report the emergence of a collective dynamical state, namely, the phase-flip chimera, from an ensemble of identical nonlinear oscillators that are coupled indirectly via the dynamical variables from a common environment, which in turn are nonlocally coupled. The phase-flip chimera is characterize… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 012208] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Oleg Borisenko, Volodymyr Chelnokov, Francesca Cuteri, and Alessandro Papa It is argued that two-dimensional U ( N ) spin models for any N undergo a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT)-like phase transition, similarly to the famous X Y model. This conclusion follows from the Berezinskii-like calculation of the two-point correlation function in U ( N ) models, approximate renorm… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 012108] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): V. I. Yukalov Statistical systems composed of atoms interacting with each other trough nonintegrable interaction potentials are considered. Examples of these potentials are hard-core potentials and long-range potentials, for instance, the Lennard-Jones and dipolar potentials. The treatment of such potentials is k… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 012106] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): T. P. Lyubimova, D. V. Lyubimov, D. T. Baydina, E. A. Kolchanova, and K. B. Tsiberkin The linear stability of plane-parallel flow of an incompressible viscous fluid over a saturated porous layer is studied to model the instability of water flow in a river over aquatic plants. The saturated porous layer is bounded from below by a rigid plate and the pure fluid layer has a free, undefo… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 013104] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Tomoshige Miyaguchi, Takuma Akimoto, and Eiji Yamamoto Recently, anomalous subdiffusion, aging, and scatter of the diffusion coefficient have been reported in many single-particle-tracking experiments, though the origins of these behaviors are still elusive. Here, as a model to describe such phenomena, we investigate a Langevin equation with diffusivity… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 012109] Published Fri Jul 08, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Rohith V. Swaminathan, S. Ravichandran, Prasad Perlekar, and Rama Govindarajan The merger of two like-signed vortices is a well-studied problem, but in a turbulent flow, we may often have more than two like-signed vortices interacting. We study the merger of three or more identical corotating vortices initially arranged on the vertices of a regular polygon. At low to moderate … [Phys. Rev. E 94, 013105] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): E. Dieterich, J. Camunas-Soler, M. Ribezzi-Crivellari, U. Seifert, and F. Ritort Controlling a time-dependent force applied to single molecules or colloidal particles is crucial for many types of experiments. Since in optical tweezers the primary controlled variable is the position of the trap, imposing a target force requires an active feedback process. We analyze this feedback… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 012107] Published Thu Jul 07, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Gao-Feng Wei, Shi-Hai Dong, Xin-Wei Cao, and Yun-Liang Zhang Using an isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model, we examine the effects of an electric field induced by a variable magnetic field on the π − / π + ratio in central to peripheral heavy-ion collisions at beam energies of 400 and 1500 MeV/nucleon. It is shown that while the induced electric field … [Phys. Rev. C 94, 014605] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Chengcheng Han and Myeonghun Park The physics beyond the Standard Model with parameters of the compressed spectrum is well motivated both in the theory side and with phenomenological reasons, especially related to dark matter phenomenology. In this letter, we propose a method to tag soft final state particles from a decaying process… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 011502(R)] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Xian-Wei Kang, Zhi-Hui Guo, and J. A. Oller The nature of the bottomonium-like states Z b ( 10610 ) and Z b ( 10650 ) is studied by calculating the B ( * ) B ¯ * compositeness ( X ) in those resonances. We first consider uncoupled isovector S -wave scattering of B ( * ) B ¯ * within the framework of effective-range expansion (ERE). Expressions for the scattering le… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 014012] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Xiao-Jun Bi, Ran Ding, Yizhou Fan, Li Huang, Chuang Li, Tianjun Li, Shabbar Raza, Xiao-Chuan Wang, and Bin Zhu Recently, an excess of events in diphoton channel with invariant mass of about 750 GeV has been reported by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations. Considering it as a tantalizing hint for new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM), we propose a simple extension of the SM with an additional doublet Higgs … [Phys. Rev. D 94, 015012] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): J. M. Yao and J. Engel We present a generator-coordinate calculation, based on a relativistic energy-density functional, of the low-lying spectra in the isotopes Nd 150 and Sm 150 and of the nuclear matrix element that governs the neutrinoless double- β decay of the first isotope to the second. We carefully examine the impac… [Phys. Rev. C 94, 014306] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Yi-Lei Tang, Chen Zhang, and Shou-hua Zhu The possibility that the 125 GeV Higgs boson may decay into invisible non-standard-model (non-SM) particles is theoretically and phenomenologically intriguing. In this paper, we investigate the sensitivity of the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) to an invisibly decaying Higgs, in its proposed h… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 011702(R)] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Sebastiano Bernuzzi, David Radice, Christian D. Ott, Luke F. Roberts, Philipp Mösta, and Filippo Galeazzi We present results from the first large parameter study of neutron star mergers using fully general relativistic simulations with finite-temperature microphysical equations of state and neutrino cooling. We consider equal and unequal-mass binaries drawn from the galactic population and simulate each… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 024023] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Thomas DeGrand, Maarten Golterman, Ethan T. Neil, and Yigal Shamir We develop chiral perturbation theory for chirally broken theories with fermions in two different representations of the gauge group. Any such theory has a nonanomalous singlet U ( 1 ) A symmetry, yielding an additional Nambu-Goldstone boson when spontaneously broken. We calculate the next-to-leading or… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 025020] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Leonardo Modesto, Marco Piva, and Lesław Rachwał We explicitly compute the one-loop exact beta function for a nonlocal extension of the standard gauge theory, in particular, Yang-Mills and QED. The theory, made of a weakly nonlocal kinetic term and a local potential of the gauge field, is unitary (ghost-free) and perturbatively super-renormalizabl… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 025021] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): M. E. Carrington, B. A. Meggison, and D. Pickering It is well known that perturbative pressure calculations show poor convergence. Calculations using a two-particle irreducible (2PI) effective action show improved convergence at the 3 loop level, but no calculations have been done at 4 loops. We consider the 2PI effective theory for a symmetric scal… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 025018] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): M. I. Vysotsky and E. V. Zhemchugov [Phys. Rev. D 94, 019901] Published Fri Jul 08, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Spase Petkoski, Andreas Spiegler, Timothée Proix, Parham Aram, Jean-Jacques Temprado, and Viktor K. Jirsa Network couplings of oscillatory large-scale systems, such as the brain, have a space-time structure composed of connection strengths and signal transmission delays. We provide a theoretical framework, which allows treating the spatial distribution of time delays with regard to synchronization, by d… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 012209] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Dan Wilson and Jeff Moehlis Isostables and isostable reduction, analogous to isochrons and phase reduction for oscillatory systems, are useful in the study of nonlinear equations which asymptotically approach a stationary solution. In this work, we present a general method for isostable reduction of partial differential equati… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 012211] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Salomon Mugisha and Hai-Jun Zhou For a network formed by nodes and undirected links between pairs of nodes, the network optimal attack problem aims at deleting a minimum number of target nodes to break the network down into many small components. This problem is intrinsically related to the feedback vertex set problem that was succ… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 012305] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Vishal V. R. Nandigana and N. R. Aluru In this article, we perform a computational investigation of a nanopore connected to external fluidic reservoirs of asymmetric geometries. The asymmetry between the reservoirs is achieved by changing the cross-sectional areas, and the reservoirs are designated as the micropore reservoir and macropor… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 012402] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Franck J. Vernerey and Umut Akalp We propose a mechanism of adherent cell mechanosensing, based on the idea that the contractile actomyosin machinery behaves as a catch bond. For this, we construct a simplified model of the actomyosin structure that constitutes the building block of stress fibers and express the stability of cross b… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 012403] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): L. E. Perotti, S. Dharmavaram, W. S. Klug, J. Marian, J. Rudnick, and R. F. Bruinsma This paper presents a theoretical description of the shape of capsids for archaeal viruses, in particular the ATV virus which can develop a unique two-tail structure. The capsid takes the shape of a constant curvature surface, an unduloid, which contains scarlike defects. These defects may serve as a source of excess protein concentration, which can further enable to observed tail growth. [Phys. Rev. E 94, 012404] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Erick Sarmiento-Gómez, José Ramón Villanueva-Valencia, Salvador Herrera-Velarde, José Arturo Ruiz-Santoyo, Jesús Santana-Solano, José Luis Arauz-Lara, and Ramón Castañeda-Priego We report on the short-time dynamics in colloidal mixtures made up of monomers and dimers highly confined between two glass plates. At low concentrations, the experimental measurements of colloidal motion agree well with the solution of the Navier-Stokes equation at low Reynolds numbers; the latter … [Phys. Rev. E 94, 012608] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Maria E. Stournara, Ravi Kumar, Yue Qi, and Brian W. Sheldon The study of chemical segregation at interfaces, and in particular the ability to predict the thickness of segregated layers via analytical expressions or computational modeling, is a fundamentally challenging topic in the design of novel heterostructured materials. This issue is particularly releva… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 012802] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Li-Tsung Sheng, Wei-Ching Chang, and Shu-San Hsiau A core is formed at the center of a quasi-two-dimensional rotating drum filled more than half with granular material. The core rotates slightly faster than the drum (precession) and decreases in radius over time (erosion) due to the granular creeping motion that occurs below the freely flowing layer… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 012903] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Kyuichi Yasui, Toru Tuziuti, and Wataru Kanematsu Numerical simulations of the dissolution of an air nanobubble in water have been performed taking into account the effect of bubble dynamics (inertia of the surrounding liquid). The presence of stable bulk nanobubbles is not assumed in the present study because the bubble radius inevitably passes th… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 013106] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): L. A. Pickworth, B. A. Hammel, V. A. Smalyuk, A. G. MacPhee, H. A. Scott, H. F. Robey, O. L. Landen, M. A. Barrios, S. P. Regan, M. B. Schneider, M. Hoppe, Jr., T. Kohut, D. Holunga, C. Walters, B. Haid, and M. Dayton First measurements of hydrodynamic growth near peak implosion velocity in an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosion at the National Ignition Facility were obtained using a self-radiographing technique and a preimposed Legendre mode 40, λ = 140     μ m , sinusoidal perturbation. These are the first mea… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 035001] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Petri Hirvonen, Mikko M. Ervasti, Zheyong Fan, Morteza Jalalvand, Matthew Seymour, S. Mehdi Vaez Allaei, Nikolas Provatas, Ari Harju, Ken R. Elder, and Tapio Ala-Nissila We extend the phase field crystal (PFC) framework to quantitative modeling of polycrystalline graphene. PFC modeling is a powerful multiscale method for finding the ground state configurations of large realistic samples that can be further used to study their mechanical, thermal, or electronic prope… [Phys. Rev. B 94, 035414] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): F. J. García de Abajo, B. Barwick, and F. Carbone The properties of an electron beam can be manipulated by electromagnetic fields in vacuum via the ponderomotive force. Such an interaction is also at the core of the Kapitza-Dirac effect, which describes the diffraction of electrons by an optical standing wave. Here, the authors predict a new type of interaction between electrons and the electromagnetic field, opening up new possibilities for the manipulation of electron beams. If surface plasmon polaritons are tailored to interfere forming a periodic field pattern, it becomes possible to diffract electrons from such near field. With the proper manipulation of the plasmonic fields, orbital angular momentum can be imparted to the electrons, and even the phase of their wave functions can be manipulated. An additional degree of freedom is provided by the possibility to tailor the spatial properties of the light and the materials supporting the surface plasmons. This arbitrary control can be extended to different substrates such as graphene or layered systems and may open up a viable route to create tunable phase plates for electron microscopes. [Phys. Rev. B 94, 041404(R)] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): S. Fedortchenko, S. Huppert, A. Vasanelli, Y. Todorov, C. Sirtori, C. Ciuti, A. Keller, T. Coudreau, and P. Milman We investigate the output generation of squeezed radiation of a cavity photon mode coupled to another off-resonant bosonic excitation. By modulating in time their linear interaction, we predict a high degree of output squeezing when the dispersive ultra-strong-coupling regime is achieved, i.e., when… [Phys. Rev. A 94, 013821] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): N. S. Voronova, A. A. Elistratov, and Yu. E. Lozovik Exciton-photon beats known as polariton Rabi oscillations in semiconductor microcavities are usually excited by short pulses of light. We consider a different pumping scheme, assuming a cw pumping of the Rabi oscillator from an exciton reservoir. We account for the initial pulse of light setting the… [Phys. Rev. B 94, 045413] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016

Beschreibung: Tectonothermal evolution in the core of an arcuate fold and thrust belt: the south-eastern sector of the Cantabrian Zone (Variscan belt, north-western Spain) María Luz Valín, Susana García-López, Covadonga Brime, Fernando Bastida, and Jesús Aller Solid Earth, 7, 1003-1022, doi:10.5194/se-7-1003-2016, 2016 The tectonothermal evolution of an area located in the core of the Ibero-Armorican Arc (Variscan belt) has been determined by using the conodont colour alteration index (CAI), Kübler index of illite (KI), the Árkai index of chlorite (AI) and the analysis of clay minerals and rock cleavage. The area is part of the Cantabrian Zone (CZ), which represents the foreland fold and thrust belt of the orogen. It has been thrust by several large units of the CZ, what resulted in the generation of a large number of synorogenic Carboniferous sediments. CAI, KI and AI values show an irregular distribution of metamorphic grade, independent of stratigraphic position. Two tectonothermal events have been distinguished in the area. The first one, poorly defined, is mainly located in the northern part. It gave rise to very-low-grade metamorphism in some areas and it was associated with a deformation event that resulted in the emplacement of the last large thrust unit and development of upright folds and associated cleavage ( S 1 ). The second tectonothermal event gave rise to low-grade metamorphism and cleavage ( S 2 ) crosscutting earlier upright folds in the central, western and southern parts of the study area. The event continued with the intrusion of small igneous rock bodies, which gave rise to contact metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration. This event was linked to an extensional episode due to a gravitational instability at the end of the Variscan deformation. This tectonothermal evolution occurred during the Gzhelian–Sakmarian. Subsequently, several hydrothermal episodes took place and local crenulation cleavage developed during the Alpine deformation.

Beschreibung: Microstructures and deformation mechanisms in Opalinus Clay: insights from scaly clay from the Main Fault in the Mont Terri Rock Laboratory (CH) Ben Laurich, Janos L. Urai, and Christophe Nussbaum Solid Earth Discuss., doi:10.5194/se-2016-94,2016 Manuscript under review for SE (discussion: open, 0 comments) Scaly clay is a well-known rock fabric that can develop in tectonic systems and that can alter the physical rock properties of a formation. However, internal microstructure and evolution of this fabric remains poorly understood. We examined the scaly microstructure of progressively faulted Opalinus Clay using optical as well as scanning electron microscopy. We present an evolutionary model for scaly clay that is of interest in the evaluation of Opalinus Clay to host radioactive waste.

Beschreibung: Microstructures and deformation mechanisms in Opalinus Clay: insights from scaly clay from the Main Fault in the Mont Terri Rock Laboratory (CH) Ben Laurich, Janos L. Urai, and Christophe Nussbaum Solid Earth Discuss., doi:10.5194/se-2016-94,2016 Manuscript under review for SE (discussion: open, 0 comments) Scaly clay is a well-known rock fabric that can develop in tectonic systems and that can alter the physical rock properties of a formation. However, internal microstructure and evolution of this fabric remains poorly understood. We examined the scaly microstructure of progressively faulted Opalinus Clay using optical as well as scanning electron microscopy. We present an evolutionary model for scaly clay that is of interest in the evaluation of Opalinus Clay to host radioactive waste.

Beschreibung: Fixation kinetics of chelated and non-chelated zinc in semi-arid alkaline soils: application to zinc management Theophilus K. Udeigwe, Madeleine Eichmann, and Matthew C. Menkiti Solid Earth, 7, 1023-1031, doi:10.5194/se-7-1023-2016, 2016 Micronutrient fixation leads to the reduction of plant-available portions. This study examined the fixation kinetics of chelated and non-chelated zinc (Zn) in semi-arid soils. About 30 % more Zn was fixed in the non-chelated system in the first 14 days. Slope of change of Zn to Cu (i.e., Cu–Zn) was higher than other micronutrients. Zn fixation kinetics were better described by a power-function model. Tools developed from this study will be used to advance micronutrient management.

Beschreibung: Improved MODIS Dark Target Aerosol Optical Depth algorithm over land: Angular effect Correction Yerong Wu, Martin de Graaf, and Massimo Menenti Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., doi:10.5194/amt-2016-185,2016 Manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) In this paper, we developed a new algorithm to improve the retrieval of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) over land with satellite measurement, by refining the shape of the spectral surface reflectance to improve the estimated background reflectance in the channel used for AOD retrieval. The results show that the angular effects of the retrievals are largely reduced, including fewer occurrences of negative retrievals. This implies that the users can get more accurate data without angular bias.

Beschreibung: Investigation of processes controlling summertime gaseous elemental mercury oxidation at midlatitudinal marine, coastal, and inland sites Zhuyun Ye, Huiting Mao, Che-Jen Lin, and Su Youn Kim Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8461-8478, doi:10.5194/acp-16-8461-2016, 2016 In this study, a state-of-the-art chemical mechanism was incorporated into a box model to investigate the atmospheric Hg cycling in different environments. As a result, for each of the three environments, GOM diurnal cycles of over half the selected cases were reasonably represented by the box model. A realistic model can be a powerful tool, providing important information on atmospheric Hg cycling and implications for policy makers.

Beschreibung: Effects of polar stratospheric clouds in the Nimbus 7 LIMS Version 6 data set Ellis Remsberg and V. Lynn Harvey Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2927-2946, doi:10.5194/amt-9-2927-2016, 2016 Emissions from polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) particles affect the retrieved ozone and water vapor from the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) satellite experiment. Threshold criteria are applied to the retrieved ozone for the detection and screening of those effects. The PSC effects correlate very well with regions of coldest temperatures (

Beschreibung: Author(s): Denis Chevallier and Jelena Klinovaja We investigate numerically the possibility to detect the spatial profile of Majorana fermions (MFs) by using STM tips that are made of either normal or superconducting material. In both cases, we are able to resolve the localization length and the oscillation period of the MF wave function. We show … [Phys. Rev. B 94, 035417] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): N. Wakeham, P. F. S. Rosa, Y. Q. Wang, M. Kang, Z. Fisk, F. Ronning, and J. D. Thompson The authors have studied SmB 6 and Ce 3 Bi 4 Pt 3 . Both of these Kondo insulators show a saturation of the increasing resistivity at low temperature that suggests an additional conduction channel and is consistent with the theoretical prediction that these systems should host robust surface states due to their nontrivial topology. While previous work has shown that the resistance saturation in SmB 6 is due to conducting surface states, this work demonstrates that the origin of the resistance saturation in Ce 3 Bi 4 Pt 3 is through the bulk of the material and not the surface. The contrasting behavior of the two materials when the surface is disordered with ion-irradiation supports this conclusion, and also demonstrates the sensitivity of the resistance of the surface state in SmB 6 to small levels of disorder. Finally, the low-temperature specific heat of SmB 6 shows a residual linear term, and the origin of this term has been highly debated recently. Through measurements of single crystals and powders, it is shown that this term dominantly arises from the bulk and not the surface state. [Phys. Rev. B 94, 035127] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): A. D. Sarishvili, I. V. Protopopov, and D. B. Gutman We study wave propagation in interacting Bose liquid, where the short-range part of the interaction between atoms is of a hard-core type, and its long-range part scales with a distance as a power law. The cases of Coulomb, dipole-dipole and van der Waals interaction are considered. We employ a hydro… [Phys. Rev. B 94, 045110] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): John Duffy, James Lawlor, Caio Lewenkopf, and Mauro S. Ferreira Renowned for its sensitivity to detect the presence of numerous substances, graphene is an excellent chemical sensor. Unfortunately, which general features a dopant must have in order to enter the list of substances detectable by graphene are not exactly known. Here we demonstrate with a simple mode… [Phys. Rev. B 94, 045417] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Johannes Mielke, Jesús Martínez-Blanco, Maike V. Peters, Stefan Hecht, and Leonhard Grill The dynamics at the interface between a close-packed porphyrin monolayer and Au(111) is investigated by time-dependent scanning tunneling microscopy, detecting the motion of single-interface adatoms in real space. Imaging sequences reveal predominant switching of the molecular appearance in adjacent… [Phys. Rev. B 94, 035416] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): René Petersen, Thomas Garm Pedersen, Morten Niklas Gjerding, and Kristian Sommer Thygesen We apply effective medium theory (EMT) to metamaterials consisting of a varying number of consecutive sheets of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, and compare this with a full calculation of the permittivity and the reflection based on the tight binding method and the transfer matrix method in or… [Phys. Rev. B 94, 035128] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Giuseppe Foti and Héctor Vázquez We present a quantitative analysis of the intramolecular origin of the inelastic electron tunneling signal of a molecular junction. We use density-functional theory to study a representative conjugated molecule with a low degree of symmetry and calculate, for all modes, the different contributions t… [Phys. Rev. B 94, 045418] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Saptarshi Mandal, Moitri Maiti, and Vipin Kerala Varma We investigate the von Neumann entanglement entropy and Schmidt gap in the vortex-free ground state of the Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice for square/rectangular and cylindrical subsystems. We find that, for both the subsystems, the free-fermionic contribution to the entanglement entropy S E ex… [Phys. Rev. B 94, 045421] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): J. P. Gauyacq and N. Lorente We report on a theoretical study of the lifetime of the first excited state of spin chains made of an odd number of Fe atoms on C u 2 N / Cu ( 100 ) . Yan, Choi, Burgess, Rolf-Pissarczyk, and Loth [ Nat. Nanotech. 10 , 40 (2015) ] recently observed very long lifetimes in the case of F e 3 chains. We consider the … [Phys. Rev. B 94, 045420] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): H. K. Avetissian and G. F. Mkrtchian We study the nonlinear optical response of graphene in the quantum Hall regime to an intense laser pulse. In particular, we consider the harmonic generation process. We demonstrate that the generalized magneto-optical conductivity of graphene on the harmonics of a strong pump laser radiation has a c… [Phys. Rev. B 94, 045419] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): M. Avrigeanu, E. Šimečková, U. Fischer, J. Mrázek, J. Novak, M. Štefánik, C. Costache, and V. Avrigeanu Background: The high complexity of the deuteron-nucleus interaction from the deuteron weak binding energy of 2.224 MeV is also related to a variety of reactions induced by the deuteron-breakup (BU) nucleons. Thus, specific noncompound processes as BU and direct reactions (DR) make the deuteron-induc… [Phys. Rev. C 94, 014606] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Juan F. Restrepo and Gastón Schlotthauer In this article, the noise-assisted correlation integral (NCI) is proposed. The purpose of the NCI is to estimate the invariants of a dynamical system, namely the correlation dimension ( D ) , the correlation entropy ( K 2 ) , and the noise level ( σ ) . This correlation integral is induced by using random no… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 012212] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Eric Chitambar and Gilad Gour A resource theory of quantum coherence is completely characterized, highlighting the theory’s free operations, which are physically inconsistent. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 030401] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): L. F. Buchmann, S. Schreppler, J. Kohler, N. Spethmann, and D. M. Stamper-Kurn A continuous quantum field, such as a propagating beam of light, may be characterized by a squeezing spectrum that is inhomogeneous in frequency. We point out that homodyne detectors, which are commonly employed to detect quantum squeezing, are blind to squeezing spectra in which the correlation bet… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 030801] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): S. V. Vladimirov and O. Ishihara The dielectric properties of complex plasma containing either metal or dielectric spherical inclusions (macroparticles, dust) are investigated. We focus on surface plasmon resonances on the macroparticle surfaces and their effect on electromagnetic wave propagation. It is demonstrated that the prese… [Phys. Rev. E 94, 013202] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Philippe Brax, Luca Alberto Rizzo, and Patrick Valageas Super-chameleon models where all types of matter belong to three secluded sectors, i.e. the dark, supersymmetry breaking and matter sectors, are shown to be dynamically equivalent to ultralocal models of modified gravity. In the dark sector, comprising both dark matter and dark energy, the interacti… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 023512] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Carlos Hoyos, Niko Jokela, David Rodríguez Fernández, and Aleksi Vuorinen We use a top-down holographic model for strongly interacting quark matter to study the properties of neutron stars. When the corresponding equation of state (EOS) is matched with state-of-the-art results for dense nuclear matter, we consistently observe a first-order phase transition at densities be… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 032501] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): N. C. Plumb, D. J. Gawryluk, Y. Wang, Z. Ristić, J. Park, B. Q. Lv, Z. Wang, C. E. Matt, N. Xu, T. Shang, K. Conder, J. Mesot, S. Johnston, M. Shi, and M. Radović We investigate the band structure of BaBiO 3 , an insulating parent compound of doped high- T c superconductors, using in situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on thin films. The data compare favorably overall with density functional theory calculations within the local density approximation, d… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 037002] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Xue Jiang, Yong Li, Bin Liang, Jian-chun Cheng, and Likun Zhang We use acoustic resonances in a planar layer of half-wavelength thickness to twist wave vectors of an in-coming plane wave into a spiral phase dislocation of an outgoing vortex beam with orbital angular momentum (OAM). The mechanism is numerically and experimentally demonstrated by producing an airb… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 034301] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Edan Lerner, Gustavo Düring, and Eran Bouchbinder Low-frequency vibrational modes play a central role in determining various basic properties of glasses, yet their statistical and mechanical properties are not fully understood. Using extensive numerical simulations of several model glasses in three dimensions, we show that in systems of linear size… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 035501] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Ilyesse Bihi, Michael Baudoin, Jason E. Butler, Christine Faille, and Farzam Zoueshtiagh Using air to displace a viscous fluid contained in a Hele-Shaw cell can create a fingering pattern at the interface between the fluids if the capillary number exceeds a critical value. This Saffman-Taylor instability is revisited for the inverse case of a viscous fluid displacing air when partially … [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 034501] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): J. Stigloher, M. Decker, H. S. Körner, K. Tanabe, T. Moriyama, T. Taniguchi, H. Hata, M. Madami, G. Gubbiotti, K. Kobayashi, T. Ono, and C. H. Back Researchers have verified experimentally that the reflection and refraction of spin waves at an interface follow a Snell’s-like law. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 037204] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Cyril Laplane, Emmanuel Zambrini Cruzeiro, Florian Fröwis, Philippe Goldner, and Mikael Afzelius Electron spin resonance measurements on ND 3 + doped single crystals of YVO 4 directly reveal the pairwise anti-symmetric exchange interaction known as the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 037203] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Mattia Schaer, Alessandro Citterio, Paolo Craievich, Sven Reiche, Lukas Stingelin, and Riccardo Zennaro Novel traveling-wave rf gun for compact high-brightness photoinjectors is designed by joint optimization of beam dynamics and 3D rf calculations. [Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 19, 072001] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): R. F. Need, B. J. Isaac, B. J. Kirby, J. A. Borchers, S. Stemmer, and Stephen D. Wilson Here we present polarized neutron reflectometry measurements exploring thin film heterostructures composed of a strongly correlated Mott state, GdTiO 3 , embedded with SrTiO 3 quantum wells. Our results reveal that the net ferromagnetism inherent to the Mott GdTiO 3 matrix propagates into the nominally … [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 037205] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Jernej Mravlje and Antoine Georges We calculate the in-plane Seebeck coefficient of Sr 2 RuO 4 within a framework combining electronic structure and dynamical mean-field theory. We show that its temperature dependence can be interpreted using entropic considerations based on the Kelvin formula and that it provides a meaningful probe of … [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 036401] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): J. R. Calvey, W. Hartung, J. Makita, and M. Venturini The buildup of low energy electrons in an accelerator, known as electron cloud, can be severely detrimental to machine performance. Under certain beam conditions, the beam can become resonant with the cloud dynamics, accelerating the buildup of electrons. This paper will examine two such effects: mu… [Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 19, 074401] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Yakui Weng, Lingfang Lin, Elbio Dagotto, and Shuai Dong Although several multiferroic materials or heterostructures have been extensively studied, finding strong magnetoelectric couplings for the electric field control of the magnetization remains challenging. Here, a novel interfacial magnetoelectric coupling based on three components (ferroelectric dip… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 037601] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): N. G. Holmes and Carl E. Wieman Comparison of cognitive activities students use in undergraduate research experiences and lab courses to those required for experimental research. [Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 12, 020103] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): Emanuele Locatelli, Matteo Pierno, Fulvio Baldovin, Enzo Orlandini, Yizhou Tan, and Stefano Pagliara Single-file diffusion is a ubiquitous physical process exploited by living and synthetic systems to exchange molecules with their environment. It is paramount to quantify the escape time needed for single files of particles to exit from constraining synthetic channels and biological pores. This quan… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 038001] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Author(s): O. Janson, S. Furukawa, T. Momoi, P. Sindzingre, J. Richter, and K. Held Motivated by recent experiments on volborthite single crystals showing a wide 1 3 -magnetization plateau, we perform microscopic modeling by means of density functional theory (DFT) with the single-crystal structural data as a starting point. Using DFT + U , we find four leading magnetic exchanges: antif… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 037206] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: Researchers have verified experimentally that the reflection and refraction of spin waves at an interface follow a Snell’s-like law. [Physics] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: High-tech silk, attosecond science, and tools for imaging arteries were among the topics discussed at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics in San Jose, California. [Physics 9, 79] Published Tue Jul 12, 2016

Beschreibung: The 1816 ‘year without a summer’ in an atmospheric reanalysis Philip Brohan, Gilbert P. Compo, Stefan Brönnimann, Robert J. Allan, Renate Auchmann, Yuri Brugnara, Prashant D. Sardeshmukh, and Jeffrey S. Whitaker Clim. Past Discuss., doi:10.5194/cp-2016-78,2016 Manuscript under review for CP (discussion: open, 0 comments) We have used modern weather forecasting tools to reconstruct the dreadful European weather of 200 years ago – 1816 was the ‘year without a summer’; harvests failed, and people starved. We can show that 1816’s extreme climate was caused by the eruption of the Tambora volcano the previous year. This means we have some chance of predicting such extreme summers if they occur in future, though this is still a challenge to today’s forecast models.

Beschreibung: Palynological evidence for late Miocene stepwise aridification on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau Jia Liu, Ji Jun Li, Chun Hui Song, Hao Yu, Ting Jiang Peng, Zheng Chuang Hui, and Xi Yan Ye Clim. Past, 12, 1473-1484, doi:10.5194/cp-12-1473-2016, 2016 The late Cenozoic basins in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau document both the tectonic uplift process and its associated environmental changes. Here, we investigated a late Miocene sporopollen record from the Tianshui Basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The results show that a persistent aridification trend parallels the global cooling of the late Miocene, and the stepwise vegetation succession is consistent with the major uplift events of the Tibetan Plateau.

Beschreibung: Author(s): M. Brando, D. Belitz, F. M. Grosche, and T. R. Kirkpatrick [Rev. Mod. Phys. 88, 039901] Published Mon Jul 11, 2016