Signatur:
9789811005602 (e-book)
Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis:
This book provides a review of mechanical ice drilling technology, including the design, parameters, and performance of various tools and drills for making holes in snow, firn and ice. The material presents the historical development of ice drilling tools and devices from the first experience taken place more than 170 years ago to the present day and focuses on the modern vision of ice drilling technology. It is illustrated with numerous pictures, many of them published for the first time. This book is intended for specialists in ice core sciences, drilling engineers, glaciologists, and can be useful for high-school students and other readers who are very interested in engineering and cold regions technology
Materialart:
12
Seiten:
1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 284 Seiten)
,
Illustrationen
Ausgabe:
Online edition Springer eBook Collection. Earth and Environmental Science
ISBN:
9789811005602
,
978-981-10-0560-2
ISSN:
2364-9119
,
2364-9127
Serie:
Springer Geophysics
URL:
Ebook (access only within the AWI network)
DOI:
10.1007/978-981-10-0560-2
Sprache:
Englisch
Anmerkung:
Contents
Preface
1 Introduction to Ice Drilling Technology
1.1 Ice Drilling Targets and Aims
1.2 Structure of Ice Sheets and Glaciers
1.3 Classification of Ice Drilling Methods
References
2 Yearly History of Ice Drilling from Nineteeth to the First Half of Twentieth Century
References
3 Direct-Push Drilling
3.1 Drive Sampling
3.1.1 Basic Principles
3.1.2 Mt. Rose Sampler
3.1.3 Utah Snow Sampler
3.1.4 Federal Snow Sampler
3.1.5 Bowman Sampler
3.1.6 Rosen Sampler
3.1.7 Large Diameter Snow Samplers
3.1.8 Vibratory Drill
3.2 Penetrative Testing
3.2.1 Ski Pole Penetrometer
3.2.2 Ram Penetrometer
3.2.3 Snow Resistograph
3.2.4 Digital Thermo-Resistograph
3.2.5 Snow Micro-Penetrometer
3.2.6 SABRE Probe
3.2.7 Cone Penetrometer Testing
3.3 Summary
References
4 Hand- and Power-Driven Portable Drills
4.1 Noncoring Augers
4.1.1 SFFEL Noncoring Auger
4.1.2 SIPRE/CRREL Ice Thickness Kit
4.1.3 Kovacs Ice Thickness Kit
4.1.4 AARI Portable Sled-Mounted Drilling Rig
4.1.5 Handheld Coal-Boring Augers
4.1.6 Ice Augers for Winter Fishing
4.2 Noncoring “Piston” Drill
4.3 Core Augers.
4.3.1 General Principles
4.3.2 SFFEL Auger
4.3.3 SIPRE Auger
4.3.4 CRREL Auger
4.3.5 Rand Auger
4.3.6 Big John 12″ Auger
4.3.7 PICO Lightweight Auger
4.3.8 Kovacs Auger
4.3.9 IGAS Hand Auger
4.3.10 Swiss Hand Auger
4.3.11 UCPH Hand Auger
4.3.12 “Prairie Dog” Auger
4.3.13 “Sidewinder”
4.3.14 IDDO Hand Auger
4.4 Core Drills with Teeth and Annular Bits
4.4.1 Taku Glacier Hand Drill
4.4.2 Canadian Portable Ice Drill
4.4.3 Tsykin’s Hand Drill
4.4.4 5th CAE Drill
4.4.5 Ice Core Drill with Annular Bit PI-8
4.5 Mini Drills
4.5.1 Livingston Island Mini Drill
4.5.2 Chipmunk Drill
4.6 Summary
References
5 Percussion Drills
5.1 Cable-Tool Drill Rigs
5.1.1 IGAS Cable-Tool Rig
5.1.2 Cable-Tool of California Institute of Technology
5.1.3 Star Iron Works Cable-Tool
5.2 Pneumatic Drills
5.3 Rotary-Percussion Drills
5.4 Summary
References
6 Conventional Machine-Driven Rotary Drill Rigs
6.1 Dry Drilling
6.1.1 Expéditions Polaires Françaises in Greenland
6.1.2 Baffin Island Expedition
6.1.3 Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition
6.1.4 Mirny Station, Antarctica
6.2 Auger Drilling
6.2.1 Mirny Station, Antarctica
6.2.2 McMurdo Station, Antarctica
6.2.3 Amundsen–Scott Station, South Pole
6.2.4 Subglacial Lake Ellsworth Camp
6.3 Commercial Drill Rigs for Ice Fishing
6.4 Air Rotary Drilling
6.4.1 Mirny, Antarctica
6.4.2 Site 2, Greenland
6.4.3 Byrd Station, Antarctica
6.4.4 Little America V, Antarctica
6.4.5 Franz Josef Land, Russian Arctic
6.4.6 Base Roi Baudouin, Antarctica
6.5 Rotary Drilling with Fluid Circulation
6.5.1 Taku Glacier, Alaska
6.5.2 Mer de Glace, French Alps
6.5.3 South Leduc Glacier, British Columbia
6.5.4 McMurdo Station, Antarctica
6.6 Wire-Line Drills
6.6.1 International Antarctic Glaciological Project, East Antarctica
6.6.2 Ross Ice Shelf Project
6.6.3 Base Druzhnaya, Antarctica
6.6.4 Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska
6.6.5 Isua Greenstone Belt, Southwestern Greenland
6.6.6 Foremore Glacier, British Columbia, Western Canada
6.6.7 Rapid Access Ice Drill (RAID)
6.6.8 Agile Sub-ice Geological (ASIG) Drill
6.7 Drilling in Rock Glaciers
6.7.1 Overview of Projects Using Conventional Drilling Equipment
6.7.2 Koci Drill
6.8 Summary
References
7 Flexible Drill-Stem Drill Rigs
7.1 Rapid Shallow Drill Rigs
7.2 Rapid-Access Drill Rigs
7.2.1 Thermomechanical Drill
7.2.2 Coiled-Tubing Drill Rigs
7.2.3 RADIX
7.2.4 SUBGLACIOR Drilling Probe
7.3 Summary
References
8 Cable-Suspended Electromechanical Auger Drills
8.1 Basic Principles
8.2 University of Iceland (UI) Drill
8.3 University of Bern (UB) Drills
8.3.1 Rufli Drill
8.3.2 Further Improved UB Drills
8.4 CRREL Drill
8.5 Institute of Low Temperature Science (ILTS) Drills
8.5.1 First Prototypes
8.5.2 ID-140 Drill
8.5.3 ILTS-140 Drill
8.5.4 MID-140 Drill
8.5.5 Portable ILTS-130 and -100 Drills
8.5.6 ILTS-130E(F) and ILTS-150 Drills
8.5.7 New Portable ILTS Drill
8.6 University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Drill
8.7 Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement (LGGE) Drills
8.8 National Hydrology Research Institute (NHRI) Drill
8.9 Polar Ice Coring Office (PICO) 4″ Drill
8.10 Alfred-Wegener Institute (AWI) Drills
8.11 Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) Drill
8.12 BZXJ Drills
8.13 Geo Tecs Drills
8.13.1 Geo Tecs Prototype Shallow Drill
8.13.2 Further Improvements
8.13.3 Field Testing and Operations
8.14 Hilda/Simon/Eclipse Drills
8.14.1 Hilda/Simon Drills
8.14.2 Eclipse Drill
8.14.3 Field Testing and Coring
8.14.4 Badger-Eclipse Drill
8.15 Byrd Polar Research Center (BPRC) Drills
8.16 British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Drills
8.16.1 BAS/IMAU Drill
8.16.2 Rapid-Access Isotope Drill
8.17 FELICS Drills
8.17.1 3″ Drill
8.17.2 “Backpack Drill”
8.18 Blue Ice Drill (BID)
8.18.1 BID General Fescription
8.18.2 Operation and Performance
8.18.3 BID-Deep System
8.19 Summary
References
9 Cable-Suspended Electromechanical Drills with Bottom-Hole Circulation
9.1 CRREL Electromechanical Drill
9.1.1 Drilling Equipment
9.1.2 Camp Century, Greenland
9.1.3 Byrd Station, Antarctica
9.2 ISTUK Drill
9.2.1 Drill System
9.2.2 Dye 3, Greenland (GISP)
9.2.3 Summit, Greenland (GRIP)
9.2.4 Law Dome, Antarctica
9.3 LGGE Electromechanical Drills
9.4 PICO-5.2″ Electromechanical Drill
9.4.1 Drill System
9.4.2 Summit, Greenland (GISP2)
9.4.3 Taylor Dome, Antarctica
9.4.4 Siple Dome, Antarctica
9.5 KEMS Electromechanical Drill
9.5.1 Drill System
9.5.2 Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic
9.5.3 Vostok Station, Antarctica
9.6 JARE Electromechanical Drill
9.6.1 Drill System
9.6.2 Preliminary Tests
9.6.3 First Deep Ice Coring Project at Dome F, Antarctica
9.6.4 Second Deep Ice Coring Project at Dome F, Antarctica
9.6.5 Kunlun Station (Dome A), Antarctica
9.7 Hans Tausen (HT) Electromechanical Drill and Its Modifications
9.7.1 Basic Drill System
9.7.2 Hans Tausen Ice Cap, Greenland
9.7.3 NorthGRIP, Greenland
9.7.4 EPICA Dome C, Antarctica
9.7.5 EPICA-DML, Kohnen Station, Antarctica
9.7.6 Berkner Island, Antarctica
9.7.7 Talos Dome, Antarctica (TALDICE)
9.7.8 Flade Isblink Ice Cap, Greenland
9.7.9 NEEM Deep Ice Core Drilling, Greenland
9.7.10 James Ross Island, Antarctica
9.7.11 Fletcher Promontory, Antarctica
9.7.12 Roosevelt Island, Antarctica
9.7.13 NEEM, Greenland (UCPH Intermediate-Depth Ice Core Drilling System)
9.7.14 Aurora Basin North, Antarctica
9.7.15 Renland Ice Cap, Greenland
9.7.16 Summit, Greenland (IDDO Intermediate-Depth Drill)
9.7.17 South Pole, Antarctica (SPICE)
9.8 IDRA Drill
9.9 DISC Electromechanical Drill
9.9.1 Drill System
9.9.2 Field Testing at Summit, Greenland
9.9.3 WAIS Divide, Antarctica
9.9.4 Replicate Coring, WAIS Divide, Antarctica
9.10 IBED Drill
9.11 Summary
References
10 Drilling Challenges and Perspectives for Future Development
10.1 Low-Temperature Drilling Fluids
10.1.1 Drilling Fluid Compositions
10.1.2 ESTISOL™ 240/COASOL™ Drilling Fluid
10.1.3 ESTISOL™ 140 Drilling Fluid
10.1.4 Low-Molecular Weight Dimethyl Siloxane Oils
10.1.5 Low-Molecular Weight Esters
10.1.6 Kerosene-Based Drilling Fluids Mixed with Fourth-Generation Foam-Expansion Agents
10.2 Ice Drilling Under Complicated Conditions
10.2.1 Permeable Snow-Firn
10.2.2 Brittle Ice Zone
10.2.3 Warm Ice
10.2.4 Debris-Containing Ice
10.2.5 Bedrock
10.2.6 Elimination of Sticking Drills
10.3 Advanced Drilling Systems
10.3.1 Rapid-Access Ice Drilling Systems for Subglacial Bedrock Drilling
10.3.2 Sidewall Drilling
10.3.3 Automated Drilling Systems
References
Appendix A: Records of Mechanical Drilling in Ice
Appendix B: Abbreviations of Institutes, Organizations, and Projects
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