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  • Other Sources  (13)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Copernicus
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • 2010-2014  (13)
  • 1925-1929
  • 2013  (13)
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Source
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  • 2010-2014  (13)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    Isolation and Characterization of Natural Blue Pigments from Underexplored Sources (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  In: Physical Methods in Food Analysis. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 105-125. ISBN 9780841228856
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-30
    Description: Consumer preference for natural food ingredients has increased in recent decades, and the natural food colorant market has grown to over one billion dollars annually. A variety of red, orange, and yellow natural colorants are approved and in use, but there still exists a lack of available blue and purple natural colorant options. The occurrence of blue colored compounds in the natural world is relatively rare. The isolation, identification, and characterization of natural blue and purple pigments obtained from underexplored natural sources such as from obscure terrestrial organisms and marine microorganisms will be discussed.
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Two Rare-Class Tricyclic Diterpenes with Antitubercular Activity from the Caribbean Sponge Svenzea flava. Application of Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy for Determining Absolute Configuration (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 78 (22). pp. 11294-11301.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-11
    Description: Two new natural products, 3 and 4, and their predecessor 7-isocyanoisoneoamphilecta-1(14),15-diene (2), of the rare isoneoamphilectane class of marine diterpenes, along with the known amphilectane diterpenes 6–8, were isolated from the n-hexane extract of the marine sponge Svenzea flava collected at Great Inagua Island, Bahamas. The molecular structures of compounds 3 and 4 were established by spectroscopic (1D/2D NMR, IR, UV, HRMS) methods and confirmed by a series of chemical correlation studies. In a first ever case study of the assignment of the absolute configuration of a molecule based on the isoneoamphilectane carbon skeleton, the absolute configuration of compound 5 was established as 3S,4R,7S,8S,11R,12S,13R by application of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD). In vitro anti-TB screenings revealed that metabolites 2–4 and, in particular, semisynthetic analogue 5, are strong growth inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Potential of Lichen Secondary Metabolites against Plasmodium Liver Stage Parasites with FAS-II as the Potential Target (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Natural Products, 76 (6). pp. 1064-1070.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-21
    Description: Chemicals targeting the liver stage (LS) of the malaria parasite are useful for causal prophylaxis of malaria. In this study, four lichen metabolites, evernic acid (1); vulpic acid (2), psoromic acid (3), and, (+)-usnic acid (4), were evaluated against LS parasites of Plasmodium berghei. Inhibition Of P. falciparum blood Stage (BS) parasites was also assessed to determine stage specificity. Compound 4 displayed the highest LS activity and stage specificity (LS IC50 value 2.3 mu M, BS IC50 value 47.3 mu M). The compounds 1 - 3 inhibited one Or more enzymes (Pf FabI, PfFabG, and pfFabZ), from the Plasmodial fatty acid biosynthesis (FAS-II) pathway, a potential drug. target for LS activity. To determine species specificity and to clarify the mechanism of reported antibacterial effects, 1-4 were also evaluated against FabI homologues and Whole cells of various pathogens -(S. aureus, E. coli M. tuberculosis). Molecular modeling studies suggest that lichen acids act indirectly via binding to allosteric sites on the protein surface of the FAS-II enzymes. Potential. toxicity, of compounds was assessed in human hepatocyte and cancer cells (in vitro) as well as in a zebrafish model (in vivo):. This study indicates the therapeutic and prophylactic potential of lichen metabolites as antibacterial and antiplasmodial agents.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Structure and Composition of the Plate-Boundary Slip Zone for the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 342 (6163). pp. 1208-1211.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: The mechanics of great subduction earthquakes are influenced by the frictional properties, structure, and composition of the plate-boundary fault. We present observations of the structure and composition of the shallow source fault of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and tsunami from boreholes drilled by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 343 and 343T. Logging-while-drilling and core-sample observations show a single major plate-boundary fault accommodated the large slip of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake rupture, as well as nearly all the cumulative interplate motion at the drill site. The localization of deformation onto a limited thickness (less than 5 meters) of pelagic clay is the defining characteristic of the shallow earthquake fault, suggesting that the pelagic clay may be a regionally important control on tsunamigenic earthquakes.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Low Coseismic Shear Stress on the Tohoku-Oki Megathrust Determined from Laboratory Experiments (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 342 (6163). pp. 1211-1214.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: Large coseismic slip was thought to be unlikely to occur on the shallow portions of plate-boundary thrusts, but the 11 March 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake [moment magnitude (Mw) = 9.0] produced huge displacements of ~50 meters near the Japan Trench with a resultant devastating tsunami. To investigate the mechanisms of the very large fault movements, we conducted high-velocity (1.3 meters per second) friction experiments on samples retrieved from the plate-boundary thrust associated with the earthquake. The results show a small stress drop with very low peak and steady-state shear stress. The very low shear stress can be attributed to the abundance of weak clay (smectite) and thermal pressurization effects, which can facilitate fault slip. This behavior provides an explanation for the huge shallow slip that occurred during the earthquake.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    Evidence for Microbial Carbon and Sulfur Cycling in Deeply Buried Ridge Flank Basalt (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 339 (6125). pp. 1305-1308.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: Sediment-covered basalt on the flanks of mid-ocean ridges constitutes most of Earth’s oceanic crust, but the composition and metabolic function of its microbial ecosystem are largely unknown. By drilling into 3.5-million-year-old subseafloor basalt, we demonstrated the presence of methane- and sulfur-cycling microbes on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Depth horizons with functional genes indicative of methane-cycling and sulfate-reducing microorganisms are enriched in solid-phase sulfur and total organic carbon, host d13C- and d34S-isotopic values with a biological imprint, and show clear signs of microbial activity when incubated in the laboratory. Downcore changes in carbon and sulfur cycling show discrete geochemical intervals with chemoautotrophic d13C signatures locally attenuated by heterotrophic metabolism.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Improvement and sensitivity snalysis of thermal thin-ice thickness retrievals (2013)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    In:  IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 51 (6). pp. 3306-3318.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-29
    Description: Considering the sea ice decline in the Arctic during the last decades, polynyas are of high research interest since these features are core areas of new ice formation. The determination of ice formation requires accurate retrieval of polynya area and thin-ice thickness (TIT) distribution within the polynya. We use an established energy balance model to derive TITs with MODIS ice surface temperatures (Ts) and NCEP/DOE Reanalysis II in the Laptev Sea for two winter seasons. Improvements of the algorithm mainly concern the implementation of an iterative approach to calculate the atmospheric flux components taking the atmospheric stratification into account. Furthermore, a sensitivity study is performed to analyze the errors of the ice thickness. The results are the following: 1) 2-m air temperatures (Ta) and Ts have the highest impact on the retrieved ice thickness; 2) an overestimation of Ta yields smaller ice thickness errors as an underestimation of Ta; 3) NCEP Ta shows often a warm bias; and 4) the mean absolute error for ice thicknesses up to 20 cm is ±4.7 cm. Based on these results, we conclude that, despite the shortcomings of the NCEP data (coarse spatial resolution and no polynyas), this data set is appropriate in combination with MODIS Ts for the retrieval of TITs up to 20 cm in the Laptev Sea region. The TIT algorithm can be applied to other polynya regions and to past and future time periods. Our TIT product is a valuable data set for verification of other model and remote sensing ice thickness data.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    Stress State in the Largest Displacement Area of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 339 (6120). pp. 687-690.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The 2011 moment magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake produced a maximum coseismic slip of more than 50 meters near the Japan trench, which could result in a completely reduced stress state in the region. We tested this hypothesis by determining the in situ stress state of the frontal prism from boreholes drilled by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program approximately 1 year after the earthquake and by inferring the pre-earthquake stress state. On the basis of the horizontal stress orientations and magnitudes estimated from borehole breakouts and the increase in coseismic displacement during propagation of the rupture to the trench axis, in situ horizontal stress decreased during the earthquake. The stress change suggests an active slip of the frontal plate interface, which is consistent with coseismic fault weakening and a nearly total stress drop.
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  • 9
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    Importance of redox kinetics in the biogeochemical cycling of iron, manganese, and iodine in oxygen minimum zones (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 245 . 173-GEOC.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-21
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Low Coseismic Friction on the Tohoku-Oki Fault Determined from Temperature Measurements (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 342 (6163). pp. 1214-1217.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: The frictional resistance on a fault during slip controls earthquake dynamics. Friction dissipates heat during an earthquake; therefore, the fault temperature after an earthquake provides insight into the level of friction. The Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 343 and 343T) installed a borehole temperature observatory 16 months after the March 2011 moment magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake across the fault where slip was ~50 meters near the trench. After 9 months of operation, the complete sensor string was recovered. A 0.31°C temperature anomaly at the plate boundary fault corresponds to 27 megajoules per square meter of dissipated energy during the earthquake. The resulting apparent friction coefficient of 0.08 is considerably smaller than static values for most rocks.
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  • 11
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    Export of Algal Biomass from the Melting Arctic Sea Ice (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 339 (6126). pp. 1430-1432.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: In the Arctic, under-ice primary production is limited to summer months and is restricted not only by ice thickness and snow cover but also by the stratification of the water column, which constrains nutrient supply for algal growth. Research Vessel Polarstern visited the ice-covered eastern-central basins between 82° to 89°N and 30° to 130°E in summer 2012, when Arctic sea ice declined to a record minimum. During this cruise, we observed a widespread deposition of ice algal biomass of on average 9 grams of carbon per square meter to the deep-sea floor of the central Arctic basins. Data from this cruise will contribute to assessing the effect of current climate change on Arctic productivity, biodiversity, and ecological function.
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  • 12
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    Diketo-Pyrrolo-Pyrrole Dyes as New Colorimetric and Fluorescent pH Indicators for Optical Carbon Dioxide Sensors (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Analytical Chemistry, 85 (6). pp. 3271-3279.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-17
    Description: New indicators for optical CO2 sensors are synthesized in two steps from the commercially available diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole (DPP) pigments Irgazin Ruby and Irgazin Scarlet. After introduction of bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfonamide groups via a simple two-step synthesis, the pigments are rendered highly soluble in organic solvents and in polymers and show pH-dependent absorption and emission spectra. The new indicators have molar absorption coefficients in a 20 000–50 000 M–1 cm–1 range, possess quantum yields close to unity, and feature good photostability. The indicators along with a quaternary ammonium base are embedded into ethyl cellulose to give optical carbon dioxide sensors. The absorption and emission spectra of the deprotonated form are bathochromically shifted by more than 100 nm compared to the neutral form (λmax absorption 496–550 nm; λmax emission 564–587 nm). This enables colorimetric read-out and self-referenced ratiometric fluorescence intensity measurements. Importantly, the dynamic range of the sensors based on the new indicators is significantly different (0–10 kPa and 1–100 kPa CO2) that enables a broad variety of applications. New DPP dyes are conveniently prepared from commercially available pigments and represent a new class of colorimetric and fluorescent pH indicators for optical carbon dioxide sensors.
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  • 13
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    Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Fucoxanthin from Undaria pinnatifida (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61 (24). pp. 5792-5797.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-22
    Description: Undaria pinnatifida, commonly known as wakame in Japan, is one species of brown seaweeds containing valuable bioactive organic compounds such as fucoxanthin, a carotenoid, which has numerous functional properties. However, most of the seaweeds that do not meet strict quality standards are normally discarded as wastes or returned to the sea, a situation which is becoming an environmental concern. In this research, supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) extraction was investigated for the isolation of fucoxanthin. SCCO2 extraction experiments were carried out at temperature range of 25–60 °C and pressure range of 20–40 MPa, at a carbon dioxide flow rate of 1.0–4.0 mL/min. Results showed that fucoxanthin recovery closed to 80% could be obtained at 40 °C and 40 MPa in extraction time of 180 min. The recovery increased with decreasing temperature and increasing pressure. Pretreatment with microwave (MW) also enhanced the efficiency of extraction due most likely to disruption of the cell membrane. Application of SCCO2, generally regarded as safe and environmentally benign solvent, for extraction of useful bioactive compounds from unwanted or substandard seaweeds look promising in the near future. The extracts obtained using the method can be utilized as food and pharmaceutical additive, and can be used in the development of new health supplements.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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