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  • Female  (176)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (176)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 2010-2014  (176)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1940-1944
  • 2013  (176)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (176)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (248)
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  • 2010-2014  (176)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
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    Little emperors: behavioral impacts of China's One-Child Policy (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-12
    Description: We document that China's One-Child Policy (OCP), one of the most radical approaches to limiting population growth, has produced significantly less trusting, less trustworthy, more risk-averse, less competitive, more pessimistic, and less conscientious individuals. Our data were collected from economics experiments conducted with 421 individuals born just before and just after the OCP's introduction in 1979. Surveys to elicit personality traits were also used. We used the exogenous imposition of the OCP to identify the causal impact of being an only child, net of family background effects. The OCP thus has significant ramifications for Chinese society.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cameron, L -- Erkal, N -- Gangadharan, L -- Meng, X -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 22;339(6122):953-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1230221. Epub 2013 Jan 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Econometrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. lisa.cameron@monash.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23306438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Altruism ; Anxiety Disorders ; *Attitude ; *Behavior ; China ; Competitive Behavior ; Family ; *Family Planning Policy ; Female ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Male ; Only Child/*psychology ; *Personality ; Risk-Taking ; Trust ; Urban Population
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Deciphering the glycosylome of dystroglycanopathies using haploid screens for lassa virus entry (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-23
    Description: Glycosylated alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG) serves as cellular entry receptor for multiple pathogens, and defects in its glycosylation cause hereditary Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS). At least eight proteins are critical to glycosylate alpha-DG, but many genes mutated in WWS remain unknown. To identify modifiers of alpha-DG, we performed a haploid screen for Lassa virus entry, a hemorrhagic fever virus causing thousands of deaths annually that hijacks glycosylated alpha-DG to enter cells. In complementary screens, we profiled cells for absence of alpha-DG carbohydrate chains or biochemically related glycans. This revealed virus host factors and a suite of glycosylation units, including all known Walker-Warburg genes and five additional factors critical for the modification of alpha-DG. Our findings accentuate the complexity of this posttranslational feature and point out genes defective in dystroglycanopathies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919138/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919138/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jae, Lucas T -- Raaben, Matthijs -- Riemersma, Moniek -- van Beusekom, Ellen -- Blomen, Vincent A -- Velds, Arno -- Kerkhoven, Ron M -- Carette, Jan E -- Topaloglu, Haluk -- Meinecke, Peter -- Wessels, Marja W -- Lefeber, Dirk J -- Whelan, Sean P -- van Bokhoven, Hans -- Brummelkamp, Thijn R -- AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI081842/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI081842/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):479-83. doi: 10.1126/science.1233675. Epub 2013 Mar 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23519211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Dystroglycans/*metabolism ; Female ; Glycosylation ; Haploidy ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Lassa Fever/*genetics/virology ; Lassa virus/*physiology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Proteome/*metabolism ; *Virus Internalization ; Walker-Warburg Syndrome/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Topology of feather melanocyte progenitor niche allows complex pigment patterns to emerge (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: Color patterns of bird plumage affect animal behavior and speciation. Diverse patterns are present in different species and within the individual. Here, we study the cellular and molecular basis of feather pigment pattern formation. Melanocyte progenitors are distributed as a horizontal ring in the proximal follicle, sending melanocytes vertically up into the epithelial cylinder, which gradually emerges as feathers grow. Different pigment patterns form by modulating the presence, arrangement, or differentiation of melanocytes. A layer of peripheral pulp further regulates pigmentation via patterned agouti expression. Lifetime feather cyclic regeneration resets pigment patterns for physiological needs. Thus, the evolution of stem cell niche topology allows complex pigment patterning through combinatorial co-option of simple regulatory mechanisms.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4144997/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4144997/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, S J -- Foley, J -- Jiang, T X -- Yeh, C Y -- Wu, P -- Foley, A -- Yen, C M -- Huang, Y C -- Cheng, H C -- Chen, C F -- Reeder, B -- Jee, S H -- Widelitz, R B -- Chuong, C M -- AR060306/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR42177/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR47364/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR042177/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR047364/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1442-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1230374. Epub 2013 Apr 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23618762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agouti Signaling Protein/metabolism ; Animals ; Birds/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Chickens/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Columbidae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Feathers/*cytology/growth & development ; Female ; Galliformes/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Male ; Melanocytes/*cytology/physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Pigmentation ; Regeneration ; *Stem Cell Niche ; Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    2013 Runners-Up. Human cloning at last (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1436. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6165.1436-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Separation ; Cloning, Organism/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; *Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Pregnancy ; *Research Embryo Creation ; Surrogate Mothers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    27-Hydroxycholesterol links hypercholesterolemia and breast cancer pathophysiology (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-30
    Description: Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers and is associated with a decreased response of tumors to endocrine therapies. Here, we show that 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), a primary metabolite of cholesterol and an ER and liver X receptor (LXR) ligand, increases ER-dependent growth and LXR-dependent metastasis in mouse models of breast cancer. The effects of cholesterol on tumor pathology required its conversion to 27HC by the cytochrome P450 oxidase CYP27A1 and were attenuated by treatment with CYP27A1 inhibitors. In human breast cancer specimens, CYP27A1 expression levels correlated with tumor grade. In high-grade tumors, both tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages exhibited high expression levels of the enzyme. Thus, lowering circulating cholesterol levels or interfering with its conversion to 27HC may be a useful strategy to prevent and/or treat breast cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3899689/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3899689/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, Erik R -- Wardell, Suzanne E -- Jasper, Jeff S -- Park, Sunghee -- Suchindran, Sunil -- Howe, Matthew K -- Carver, Nicole J -- Pillai, Ruchita V -- Sullivan, Patrick M -- Sondhi, Varun -- Umetani, Michihisa -- Geradts, Joseph -- McDonnell, Donald P -- K99CA172357/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK048807/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37DK048807/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA059365/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 29;342(6162):1094-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1241908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/blood/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxycholesterols/antagonists & inhibitors/blood/*metabolism ; Hypercholesterolemia/blood/*metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; Mice ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Two dimensions of value: dopamine neurons represent reward but not aversiveness (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: Whereas reward (appetitiveness) and aversiveness (punishment) have been distinguished as two discrete dimensions within psychology and behavior, physiological and computational models of their neural representation have treated them as opposite sides of a single continuous dimension of "value." Here, I show that although dopamine neurons of the primate ventral midbrain are activated by evidence for reward and suppressed by evidence against reward, they are insensitive to aversiveness. This indicates that reward and aversiveness are represented independently as two dimensions, even by neurons that are closely related to motor function. Because theory and experiment support the existence of opponent neural representations for value, the present results imply four types of value-sensitive neurons corresponding to reward-ON (dopamine), reward-OFF, aversive-ON, and aversive-OFF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fiorillo, Christopher D -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):546-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1238699.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. fiorillo@kaist.ac.kr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Appetitive Behavior/*physiology ; Conditioning, Classical/physiology ; Dopaminergic Neurons/*physiology ; Female ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Mesencephalon/cytology/*physiology ; Punishment/*psychology ; *Reward
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Immunology. Welcome to the microgenderome (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4005781/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4005781/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flak, Magdalena B -- Neves, Joana F -- Blumberg, Richard S -- DK0034854/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK044319/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK051362/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK053056/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK088199/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK088199/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK044319/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1044-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1236226.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Autoimmunity ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*microbiology ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*immunology ; Intestines/*microbiology ; Male ; *Metagenome ; *Sex Characteristics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    The thousand-year graveyard (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 13;342(6164):1306-10. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6164.1306.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24337272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Anthropology, Physical ; Archaeology ; *Cause of Death ; Cemeteries/*history ; DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification ; Epidemics/*history ; Female ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Jaw/microbiology ; Plague/epidemiology/history ; Skull/microbiology ; Tooth/microbiology ; Yersinia pestis/classification/genetics/isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Ardi's a hominin--but how did she move? (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):427. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6131.427.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23620032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthropology, Physical/*history ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Foot/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Walking/*history
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Prediction error governs pharmacologically induced amnesia for learned fear (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-16
    Description: Although reconsolidation opens up new avenues to erase excessive fear memory, subtle boundary conditions put constraints on retrieval-induced plasticity. Reconsolidation may only take place when memory reactivation involves an experience that engages new learning (prediction error). Thus far, it has not been possible to determine the optimal degree of novelty required for destabilizing the memory. The occurrence of prediction error could only be inferred from the observation of a reconsolidation process itself. Here, we provide a noninvasive index of memory destabilization that is independent from the occurrence of reconsolidation. Using this index, we show in humans that prediction error is (i) a necessary condition for reconsolidation of associative fear memory and (ii) determined by the interaction between original learning and retrieval. Insight into the process of memory updating is crucial for understanding the optimal and boundary conditions on reconsolidation and provides a clear guide for the development of reconsolidation-based treatments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sevenster, Dieuwke -- Beckers, Tom -- Kindt, Merel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 15;339(6121):830-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1231357.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23413355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Propanol/administration & dosage ; Amnesia/chemically induced/*psychology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/drug effects ; Fear/drug effects/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Learning/drug effects/*physiology ; Male ; Mental Recall/drug effects/physiology ; Models, Psychological ; Reinforcement Schedule ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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