ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1 Preliminaries ; 2 Introductory examples ; 3 IPython: an interactive computing and development environment ; 4 NumPy basics: arrays and vectorized computation ; 5 Getting started with pandas ; 6 Data loading, storage, and file formats ; 7 Data wrangling: clean, transform, merge, reshape ; 8 Plotting and visualization ; 9 Data aggregation and group operations ; 10 Time series ; 11 Financial and economic data applications ; 12 Advanced Numpy ; Appendix: Python language essentials

Description / Table of Contents: This volume studies the driving dynamic for thick-skin tectonics. It evaluates the role of various factors that control the development of thick-skin architecture. The studied driving dynamics include individual plate movement rates, overall convergence rates, orogen movement sense with respect to mantle flow and pro-wedge versus retro-wedge location. Numerous internal factors that influence the architecture of thick-skinned dominated orogens have been considered. These include the role of the rheology of the deforming layers, the presence or absence of potential detachment horizons, basement buttresses, crustal thickness variations, inherited strength contrasts and the impact of pre-existing anisotropy in thick-skin orogenic deformation. External factors discussed include the role of both syn-tectonic erosion and deposition in deformation. The study areas begin with worldwide examples and close with a detailed coverage of the Northern Andes natural laboratory, which is characterized by particularly robust data coverage.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction: Can improving returns to food-water in Africa meet African food needs and the needs of other consumers? ; Part I: The history of land grabs and the contradictions of development ; 1.1 Enclosure revisited: putting the global land rush in historical perspective ; 1.2 Land alienation under colonial and white settler governments in southern Africa: historical land 'grabbing' ; 1.3 Sudan and its agricultural revival: a regional breadbasket at last or another mirage in the desert? ; 1.4 The contradictions of development: primitive accumulation and geopolitics in the two Sudans ; 1.5 The experience of land grab in Liberia ; Part II: Investors-profiles and current investment trends ; 2.1 Chinese engagement in African agriculture: fiction and fact ; 2.2 The global food crisis and the Gulf's quest for Africa's agricultural potential ; 2.3 A global enclosure: the geo-logics of Indian agro-investments in Africa ; 2.4 Private investment in agriculture ; 2.5 The role of domestic investors: the arrival of the 'businessmen' in West Africa ; 2.6 'Land grabs' and alternative modalities for agricultural investments in emerging markets ; 2.7 Change in trend and new types of large-scale investments in Ethiopia ; 2.8 Tapping into Al-Andaluz resources: opportunities and challenges for investment in Morocco ; 2.9 A blue revolution for Zambia? Large-scale irrigation projects and land and water 'grabs' ; Part III: The political economy of land and water grabs ; 3.1 Claiming (back) the land: the geopolitics of Egyptian and South African land and water grabs ; 3.2 Investing into the next cycle? Land grabs and the green economy ; 3.3 The political economy of land and water grabs ; 3.4 Will peak oil cause a rush for land in Africa? ; 3.5 How to govern the global rush for land and water? ; 3.6 Keep calm and carry on: what we can learn from the three food price crises of the 1940s, 1970s and 2007-8 ; 3.7 Constructing a new water future? An analysis of Ethiopia's current hydropower development ; 3.8 Inverse globalisation? The global agricultural trade system and Asian investments in African land and water resources ; Part IV: Environment ; 4.1 Green and blue water dimensions of foreign direct investment in biofuel and food production in West Africa: the case of Ghana and Mali ; 4.2 Green and blue water in Africa: how foreign direct investment can support sustainable intensification ; 4.3 Groundwater in Africa: is there sufficient water to support the intensification of agriculture from 'land grabs'? ; 4.4 The water resource implications for and of FDI projects in Africa: a biophysical analysis of opportunity and risk ; 4.5 Analyse to optimise: sustainable intensification of agricultural production through investment in integrated land and water management in Africa ; Part V: Livelihoods ; 5.1 Expectations and implications of the rush for land: understanding the opportunities and risks at stake in Africa ; 5.2 China-Africa agricultural co-operation, African land tenure reform and sustainable farmland investments ; 5.3 Competing narratives of land reform in south Sudan ; 5.4 Struggles and resistance against land dispossession in Africa: an overview

Description / Table of Contents: Contents:Introduction and Motivation.- Optimality and Complementarity.- Some Microeconomic Principles.- Equilibria and Complementarity Problems.- Variational Inequality Problems.- Optimization Problems Constrained by Optimization Problems.- Equilibrium Problems with Equilibrium Constraints.- Algorithm for LCPs, NCPs, and VIs.- Some Advanced Algorithms for VI Decomposition, MPCCs and EPECs.- Natural Gas Market Modeling.- Electricity and Environmental Markets.- Multicommodity Equilibrium Models: Accounting for Demand-Side Linkages.

Description / Table of Contents: This series of reference books describes the sciences of different fields in and around geodesy. Each chapter, is written by experts in the respective fields and covers an individual field and describes the history, theory, the objective, the technology, and the development, the highlight of the research, the applications, the problems, as well as future directions. Contents of Volume II include: Geodetic LEO Satellite Missions, Satellite Altimetry, Airborne Lidar, GNSS Software Receiver, Geodetic Boundary Problem, GPS and INS, VLBI, Geodetic Reference Systems, Spectral Analysis, Earth Tide and Ocean Loading Tide, Remote Sensing, Photogrammetry, Occultation, Geopotential Determination, Geoid Determination, Local Gravity Field, Geopotential Determination, Magnet Field, Mobile Mapping, General Relativity, Wide-area Precise Positioning etc. Table of contens: Geodetic LEO Satellite Missions.- Satellite Altimetry.- Airborne Lidar.- GNSS Software Receiver.- Geodetic Boundary Problem.- GPS and INS.- VLBI, Geodetic Reference Systems.- Spectral Analysis.- Earth Tide and Ocean Loading Tide.- Remote Sensing.- Photogrammetry.- Occultation.- Geopotential Determination.- Geoid Determination.- Local Gravity Field.- Geopotential Determination.- Magnet Field.- Mobile Mapping.- General Relativity.- Wide-area Precise Positioning etc.

Description / Table of Contents: Was bleibt von den Zeugnisse des kulturellen Schaffens und der Wissenschaft, die auf digitalen Trägern festgehalten werden, in fünf, in zwanzig oder in einhundert Jahren? Experten beleuchten aus unterschiedlicher Perspektive verschiedene Aspekte von Nachhaltigkeit und digitaler Langzeitarchivierung. Ungeachtet aller Unterschiede einigt sie die Überzeugung, dass jetzt gehandelt werden muss, um die Grundlagen für eine nachhaltige Sicherung des kulturellen Erbes in der digitalen Welt zu schaffen.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Prolog ; EINLEITUNG - Im Homogenozän ; 1 Zwei Monumente ; TEIL EINS - Atlantikreisen ; 2. Die Tabakküste ; 3. Schlechte Luft ; TEIL ZWEI - Pazifikreisen ; 4. Schiffe voller Geld (Seide für Silber, Teil eins) ; 5. Liebeskrank-Gras, fremde Knollen und Jadereis (Seide für Silber,Teil zwei) ; TEIL DREI - Europa in der Welt ; 6. Der agroindustrielle Komplex ; 7. Schwarzes Gold ; TEIL VIER - Afrika in der Welt ; 8. Verrückte Suppe ; 9. Wald der Entlaufenen SCHLUSS - Lebensströme ; 10. In Bulalacao ; Anhang

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Einführung in den Band ; Reflexive Ungewissheit in der Literaturrezeption ; Zur Rolle von Risiko, Ungewissheit und Nichtwissen in der Bioethik ; "Uncertainty" - Das ungewisse Risiko der Hybriden ; Ungewissheit und Unsicherheit bei der Einführung neuer Technologien ; Die Tragweite der physikalischen Kosmologie ; Unwissenschaftlich weil unsicher? Unsicher weil wissenschaftlich! ; Ungewissheit im Bauingenieurwesen - Spezifikation, Modellierung und Berechnung ; Skizzierung fachspezifischer Unsicherheiten im Bauwesen als Entwicklungsansatz zur Steigerung der Zeiteffizienz in der baubetrieblichen Terminplanung ; Modellierung von Unsicherheit in der Produktentwicklung ; Mathematische Modelle für Ungewissheit ; Handlungsfähigkeit mit Ungewissheit - Neue Herausforderungen und Ansätze für den Umgang mit Ungewissheit ; Innovationsentscheidungen und Innovationspfade ; Der Umgang mit Ungewissheit in der Politik ziviler Sicherheit ; Der Umgang des Strafrechts mit Ungewissheit/Unsicherheit

Description / Table of Contents: Every decision about energy involves its price and cost. The price of gasoline and the cost of buying from foreign producers; the price of nuclear and hydroelectricity and the costs to our ecosystems; the price of electricity from coal-fired plants and the cost to the atmosphere. Giving life to inventions, lifestyle changes, geopolitical shifts, and things in-between, energy economics is of high interest to Academia, Corporations and Governments. For economists, energy economics is one of three subdisciplines which, taken together, compose an economic approach to the exploitation and preservation of natural resources: energy economics, which focuses on energy-related subjects such as renewable energy, hydropower, nuclear power, and the political economy of energy; resource economics, which covers subjects in land and water use, such as mining, fisheries, agriculture, and forests; and, environmental economics, which takes a broader view of natural resources through economic concepts such as risk, valuation, regulation, and distribution Although the three are closely related, they are not often presented as an integrated whole.This Encyclopedia has done just that by unifying these fields into a high-quality and unique overview. The only reference work that codifies the relationships among the three subdisciplines: energy economics, resource economics and environmental economics. Understanding these relationships just became simpler! Nobel Prize Winning Editor-in-Chief (joint recipient 2007 Peace Prize), Jason Shogren, has demonstrated excellent team work again, by coordinating and steering his Editorial Board to produce a cohesive work that guides the user seamlessly through the diverse topics. This work contains in equal parts information from and about business, academic, and government perspectives and is intended to serve as a tool for unifying and systematizing research and analysis in business, universities, and government.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Vorwort ; Die Eiche - von der Charakterbaumart zum unkalkulierbaren Risiko? ; Perspektiven der Eiche in Brandenburg ; Eichensaatgut von heute für die Wälder von morgen ; Sterben vor der Zeit - neue Erkenntnisse zur Komplexkrankheit der Eiche ; Eichenprozessionsspinner und Frühjahrsfraßgemeinschaft - Gefährdungspotenzial und Risikomanagement ; Neue waldkundliche Erkenntnisse zur Trauben-Eiche im nordostdeutschen Tiefland und Schlussfolgerungen für die forstliche Praxis ; Ist Eichenwirtschaft im nordostdeutschen Tiefland zukunftsfähig? Erfahrungen und aktuelle waldbauliche Ziele ; Verwertung von Eichenholz - alte Probleme, neue Lösungen ; Zum Einfluss der Strukturvielfalt auf das Arteninventar der Trauben-Eichen am Beispiel der Coleopteren

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Joseph Beuys ; 2. Jacques Cousteau ; 3. Malte Faber ; 4. Hans Glauber ; 5. Andre Gorz ; 6. Alexander von Humboldt ; 7. Wangari Maathai ; 8. Karl Marx ; 9. Kurt Oeser ; 10. Paul B. Sarasin ; 11. Bruno H. Schubert ; 12. Rudolf Steiner ; 13. Maurice Strong ; 14. Jakob von Uexküll ; Beate Weber ; 16. Angelika Zahrnt

Description / Table of Contents: Die Limnologie ist die Wissenschaft von der Süßwasser- oder Binnengewässerkunde. Sie erforscht die Struktur und den Stoff-und Energiehaushalt der Gewässer-Ökosysteme. Das "Lehrbuch der Limnologie"vermittelt die grundlegenden Beziehungen in den limnischen Ökosystemen sowiepraxisrelevante Aspekte. Diese vollständigüberarbeitete Auflage ist in 19 Kapitel gegliedert. Die wichtigsten sind:Geschichte der Limnologie,die limnischen Lebensräume als Ökosystem,Wasserkreislauf, Grundwasser, Quellen, Fließgewässer, Standgewässer, Geographieder Gewässer, Ziele der angewandten Limnologie, Gesetzgebung, Organische Belastung der Gewässer, Herkunft und Reinigung des Abwassers, Anorganische und toxische Belastung der Gewässer, Grenzwerte und Monitoring, Gewässertherapie, Künstliche Seen. Im Kapitel der "Grundlagen der Limnologie" werden die einzelnen limnischen Gewässer-Ökosysteme besprochen. Die Allgemeine Limnologie ist in die jeweiligen Abschnitte integriert. Stets werden die Zusammenhänge der Gewässer mit der Umwelt sowie der abiotischen (Geologie, Klima, physikalisch-chemische Faktoren etc.) und biotischen (Konkurrenz, Nahrungsnetze, Genfluss) Interaktionen ausführlich dargestellt. Die völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage wurde um über 250 aktuelle Zitate erweitert, 29 neue Abbildungen und 5 neue Tabellen sowie ein umfangreiches Glossar und das Abkürzungsverzeichnis kamen hinzu. Die Bedeutung der Protisten und der Biofilme in den limnischen Ökosystemen wurden mehr in den Vordergrund gerückt. Die Themengebiete Hydrodynamik und Geomorphologie der Fließgewässer, Kleingewässer, limnologische Nachweise des Klimawandels und Abwehrreaktionen der Gewässer wurden umstrukturiert und neue Erkenntnisse integriert. Im Teil zur "Angewandten Limnologie" sind nun die Regelungen und Vorgaben der Wasserrahmenrichtlinie sowie die Belastung der Gewässer, Abwasserreinigung und Gewässerschutz beschrieben. Sowohl die neue Gesetzgebung als auch erste Ergebnisse der Umsetzung von Renaturierungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der WRRL werden erläutert. Dieses Lehrbuch eignet sich für Studierende der Biologie mit den Schwerpunkten Limnologie/Ökologie und für den wasserwirtschaftlichen Praktiker. Auch den Nebenfächler wird es als Nachschlagewerk ansprechen.

Description / Table of Contents: The volume highlights developments in our understanding of the palaeogeographical, palaeobiological, palaeoclimatic and cryospheric evolution of Antarctica. It focuses on the sedimentary record from the Devonian to the Quaternary Period. It features tectonic evolution and stratigraphy, as well as processes taking place adjacent to, beneath and beyond the ice-sheet margin, including the continental shelf.The contributions in this volume include several invited review papers, as well as original research papers arising from the International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences in Edinburgh, in July 2011. These papers demonstrate a remarkable diversity of Earth science interests in the Antarctic. Following international trends, there is particular emphasis on the Cenozoic Era, reflecting the increasing emphasis on the documentation and understanding of the past record of ice-sheet fluctuations. Furthermore, Antarctic Earth history is providing us with important information about potential future trends, as the impact of global warming is increasingly felt on the continent and its ocean.

Description / Table of Contents: Geological techniques are widely used in two aspects of serious criminal investigations: (1) the search for clandestine burial sites, based on near-surface geophysics or through the detection of decomposition signals and (2) the analysis of trace evidence to identify its source location or test the possible association between the trace evidence and a known location of an offence. Although geoforensics is used in such investigations world-wide there are still considerable gaps in the published literature. In addition, there is increasing concern regarding the illegal release of wastes either into the atmosphere, water courses or on to the land surface, and a growing realization that the techniques used in criminal forensics are equally useful in the investigation of environmental crime. This book bridges the gap between environmental and criminal geoforensics with conceptual, methodological and case study contributions. This demonstrates the significant potential that geoforensics holds for investigating and regulatory officers.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface 1 Mechanical Testing of Materials 2 Introduction to Dislocations 3 Plastic Deformation 4 Strengthening Mechanisms 5 Time Dependent Deformation - Creep 6 Cyclic Stress - Fatigue 7 Fracture 8 Mechanical Behavior in the Micron and Submicron/Nano range Index

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction: In Search of 'The Market' ; 2. Smith's Construction of the Market: Nature's Wise Contrivances ; 3. Hegel's Construction of the Market: the 'Relics of the State of Nature' ; 4. The Self in the Market: Identity and Community ; 5. Justice in the Market ; 6. Freedom, Freedoms, and the Market ; 7. The Market in History

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Prolog: Der Zauberlehrling und sein Meister ; Nach dem Ende ; Die dunkle Seite ; Drachenkitzeln ; Visionen und Niederlagen ; August 1945 ; Nachsommer in Farm Hall ; Epilog

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: PART I - LTSER Concepts, methods and linkages ; Socioeconomic Metabolism and the Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production: What Promise Do They Hold for LTSER? ; Using Integrated Models to Analyse Socio-ecological System Dynamics in Long-Term Socio-ecological Research - Austrian Experiences ; Modelling Transport as a Key Constraint to Urbanisation in Pre-industrial Societies ; The Environmental History of the Danube River Basin as an Issue of Long-Term Socio-ecological Research ; Critical Scales for Long-Term Socio-ecological Biodiversity Research ; Human Biohistory ; Geographic Approaches to LTSER: Principal Themes and Concepts with a Case Study of Andes-Amazon Watersheds ; The Contribution of Anthropology to Concepts Guiding LTSER Research ; PART II - LTSER Applications across ecosystems, time and space ; Viewing the Urban Socio-ecological System Through a Sustainability Lens: Lessons and Prospects from the Central Arizona-Phoenix LTER Programme ; A City and Its Hinterland: Vienna's Energy Metabolism 1800-2006 ; Sustaining Agricultural Systems in the Old and New Worlds: A Long-Term Socio-Ecological Comparison ; How Material and Energy Flows Change Socio-natural Arrangements: The Transformation of Agriculture in the Eisenwurzen Region, 1860-2000 ; The Intimacy of Human-Nature Interactions on Islands ; Global Socio-metabolic Transitions ; PART III - LTSER Formations and the transdisciplinary challenge ; Building an Urban LTSER: The Case of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study and the D.C./B.C. ULTRA-Ex Project ; Development of LTSER Platforms in LTER-Europe: Challenges and Experiences in Implementing Place-Based Long-Term Socio-ecological Research in Selected Regions ; Developing Socio-ecological Research in Finland: Challenges and Progress Towards a Thriving LTSER Network ; The Eisenwurzen LTSER Platform (Austria) - Implementation and Services ; Fostering Research into Coupled Long-Term Dynamics of Climate, Land Use, Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services in the Central French Alps ; Long-Term Socio-ecological Research in Mountain Regions: Perspectives from the Tyrolean Alps ; Integrated Monitoring and Sustainability Assessment in the Tyrolean Alps: Experiences in Transdisciplinarity

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: I Nachhaltigkeit und Zeit ; 1 Zugänge zur Nachhaltigkeitspolitik ; 2 Nachhaltigkeit - theoretische Konzeption und politische Praxis ; II Das Konzept der Bestände ; 3 Die Perspektive der Bestände ; 4 Materielle Bestände ; 5 Immaterielle Bestände und Institutionen ; 6 Die Beständigkeit von Institutionen ; 7 Urteilskraft ; 8 Zeit und die praktische Dimension des Bestandsbegriffs ; III Die Anwendung des Konzepts der Bestände ; 9 Institutionenwandel im Altlastenmanagement Sachsen-Anhalts ; 10 Nachhaltige Flächennutzung in Deutschland ; IV Die Kunst langfristig zu denken ; 11 Das Beständekonzept als Heuristik ; 12 Anwendungsbeispiel: Nachhaltige Binnenschifffahrtspolitik ; 13 Bestände als Schule des langfristigen Denkens

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1 Introduction.- 2 Time.- 3 Space-Time.- 4 Barycentric Dynamical Reference System.- 5 Classical Astronomical Coordinates.- 6 Astrometry.- 7 Celestial Reference System.- 8 Terrestrial Reference System.- 9 From the GCRS to the ITRS.- 10 Astronomical Software - Yearbooks.- 11 Astronomical constants.- References.- List of acronyms.-

Description / Table of Contents: The high accuracy of modern astronomical spatial-temporal reference systems has made them considerably complex. This book offers a comprehensive overview of such systems. It begins with a discussion of the Problem of Time, including recent developments in the art of clock making (e.g., optical clocks) and various time scales. The authors address the definitions and realization of spatial coordinates by reference to remote celestial objects such as quasars. After an extensive treatment of classical equinox-based coordinates, new paradigms for setting up a celestial reference system are introduced that no longer refer to the translational and rotational motion of the Earth. The role of relativity in the definition and realization of such systems is clarified.The topics presented in this book are complemented by exercises (with solutions). The authors offer a series of files, written in Maple, a standard computer algebra system, to help readers get a feel for the various models and orders of magnitude.Beyond astrometry, the main fields of application of high-precision astronomical spatial-temporal reference systems and frames are navigation (GPS, interplanetary spacecraft navigation) and global geodynamics, which provide a high-precision Celestial Reference System and its link to any terrestrial spatial-temporal reference system. Mankind's urgent environmental questions can only be answered in the context of appropriate reference systems in which both aspects, space and time, are realized with a sufficiently high level of accuracy. This book addresses all those interested in high-precision reference systems and the various techniques (GPS, Very Long Baseline Interferometry, Satellite Laser Ranging, Lunar Laser Ranging) necessary for their realization, including the production and dissemination of time signals.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; PART I: FOSSIL FUEL MARKETS ; 1: Oil prices, exhaustible resources and economic growth ; 2: Gas markets: past, present and future ; 3: The likelihood and potential implications of a natural gas cartel ; 4: Global steam coal markets until 2030: perspectives on production, trade and consumption under increasing carbon constraints ; PART II: ELECTRICITY MARKETS ; 5: The future of the (US) electric grid ; 6: Increasing the penetration of intermittent renewable energy: innovation in energy storage and grid management ; 7: Electric vehicles: will consumers purchase them? ; PART III: ENERGY POLICY ; 8: The contribution of energy efficiency towards meeting CO2 targets ; 9: Economic analysis of feed-in tariffs for generating electricity from renewable energy sources ; 10: A renewable energy future? ; 11: Energy policy: a full circle? ; PART IV: CLIMATE AGREEMENTS ; 12: Anthropogenic influences on atmospheric CO2 ; 13: International cooperation on climate change: why is there so little progress? ; 14: Long live the Kyoto Protocol! ; 15: Designing a Bretton Woods institution to address global climate change ; PART V: CARBON MITIGATION POLICIES ; 16: Fiscal instruments for climate finance ; 17: How high should climate change taxes be? ; 18: State-contingent pricing as a response to uncertainty in climate policy ; 19: Climate change, buildings and energy prices ; 20: Using micro data to examine causal effects of climate policy ; 21: Carbon trading: past, present and future ; 22: Moral positions on tradable permit markets ; 23: The European CO2 allowances market: issues in the transition to Phase III ; PART VI: LOW-CARBON BEHAVIOUR AND GOVERNANCE ; 24: The role of behavioural economics in energy and climate policy ; 25: Valuing nature for climate change policy: from discounting the future to truly social deliberation ; 26: Individual consumers and climate change: searching for a new moral compass ; 27: Decentralization of governance in the low-carbon transition ; 28: Is a global crisis required to prevent climate change? A historical-institutional perspective ; PART VII: LOW-CARBON GROWTH ; 29: Prosperity with growth: economic growth, climate change and environmental limits ; 30: Should we sustain? And if so, sustain what? Consumption or the quality of life? ; 31: At the crossroads: can China grow in a low-carbon way? ; Chapter 32: Low-carbon economy: dark age or golden age?

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; PART 1: National and local experiences ; Chapter 1: Bureaucratic rhetoric of climate change in Nigeria: International aspiration versus local realities ; Chapter 2: Combating climate change and biodiversity loss in a 'hot spot' mega-diversity country ; Chapter 3: Does the concept of ecosystem services promote synergies between European strategies for climate change and biodiversity? ; Chapter 4: Impacts of climate change, biodiversity loss and population on sustainable development in Ethiopia ; Chapter 5: Climate change, human rights and the Darfur crisis ; PART 2: International and transboundary approaches ; Chapter 6: The clustering of multilateral environmental agreements: Can the clustering of the chemicals-related conventions be applied to the biodiversity and climate change conventions? ; Chapter 7: Retreading negotiations on equity in environmental governance: Case studies contrasting the evolution of ABS and REDD+ ; Chapter 8: Climate change, biodiversity and human rights: Can synergy help? ; Chapter 9: Reducing emissions in the forest sector under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: A new opportunity for biodiversity conservation? ; Chapter 10: Transboundary conservation of mountain biodiversity in a climate change impacted world: Governance perspectives from Central Asia and the Island of Borneo ; PART 3: Land use and agriculture ; Chapter 11: Climate change, the EU Floods Directive and biodiversity protection: Lessons from the Scheldt on land use planning as an adaptive measure ; Chapter 12: Climate change and biodiversity: The vulnerability of the Amazon rainforest in the face of increasing ethanol demand ; Chapter 13: The contribution of the EU Common Agricultural Policy to protecting biodiversity and global climate in Europe ; PART 4: Solutions from science and technology ; Chapter 14: Creating marine protected area networks in Pacific North America for biodiversity conservation: Linking ecology to legislation ; Chapter 15: Preventing and mitigating the impacts of climate change and biodiversity loss through biosecurity

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Kapitel 1 - Einführung , 1 Was ist Gesundheitsökonomik , 2 Gesundheitsökonomik als Fachdisziplin , 3 Besonderheiten des Gesundheitswesens , 4 Fragestellungen der Gesundheitsökonomik ; Kapitel 2 - Krankenversicherung als Finanz- und Informationsintermediär , 1 Grundlagen , 2 Finanzierungsverfahren der Krankenversicherung , 3 Das Grundmodell der Versicherungsnachfragetheorie , 4 Risk Management und asymmetrische Information ; Kapitel 3 - Gesundheitssysteme als institutioneller Rahmen , 1 Einleitung , 2 Sozialversicherungssysteme am Beispiel Deutschlands und Österreichs , 3 Das System des Nationalen Gesundheitsdienstes am Beispiel des Vereinten Königreiches , 4 Marktwirtschaftlich organisierte Gesundheitssysteme am Beispiel der USA und der Schweiz , 5 Trends bei der Umgestaltung von Gesundheitssystemen in industrialisierten Staaten ; Kapitel 4 - Nachfrage nach Gesundheitsleistungen , 1 Besonderheiten von Gesundheitsleistungen , 2 Ökonomische Aspekte der Nachfrage nach Gesundheitsleistungen , 3 Steuerung der Nachfrage (Selbstbeteiligung) , 4 Empirische Überprüfung der Nachfragereaktion ; Kapitel 5 - Angebot an Gesundheitsleistungen , 1 Grundlagen der Gesundheitsleistungsproduktion , 2 Die Macht der Verbände: Es verbindet die Macht , 3 Preisbildung und Vergütung ; Kapitel 6 - Ökonomische Evaluation von Gesundheitsleistungen , 1 Evaluation als Grundlage für rationale Allokationsentscheidungen , 2 Methoden der ökonomischen Evaluation , 3 Output- bzw. Outcome-Erfassung ; Anhang

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part 1: Frameworks/Approaches to Water Security ; 1. Introduction: A Battle of Ideas for Water Security ; 2. The Web of Sustainable Water Security ; 3. The Water Security Paradox and International Law: Securitisation as an Obstacle to Achieving Water Security and the Role of Law in De-Securitising the World's Most Precious Resource ; Part 2: Perspectives and Principles ; 4. Debating the Concept of Water Security ; 5. Water Security - The Multiform Water Scarcity Dimension ; 6. Securing Water in a Changing Climate ; 7. The Role of Cities as Drivers of International Transboundary Water Management Processes ; 8. The Water-Energy Nexus - Meeting Growing Demand in a Resource-Constrained World ; 9. Water Security for Ecosystems, Ecosystems for Water Security ; 10. From Water Productivity to Water Security: A Paradigm Shift? ; 11. Transboundary Water Security: Reviewing the Importance of National Regulatory and Accountability Capacities in International Transboundary River Basins ; Part 3: Water Security as Practice and Practice Debates ; 12. Easy as 1, 2, 3? Political and Technical Considerations for Designing Water Security Indicators ; 13. Water Security Risk and Response: The Logic and Limits of Economic Instruments ; 14. Corporate Water Stewardship: Exploring Private Sector Engagement in Water Security ; 15. The Shotgun Marriage: Water Security, Cultural Politics and Forced Engagements between Official and Local Rights Frameworks ; 16. Infrastructure Hydromentalities; Water Sharing, Water Control and Water (In)Security ; 17. The Strategic Dimensions of Water: From National Security to Sustainable Security ; 18. Dances with Wolves: Four Flood Security Frames ; 19. Household Water Security and the Human Right to Water and Sanitation ; Part 4: Conclusion ; 20. Food-Water Security: Beyond Water Resources and the Water Sector ; 21. A Synthesis Chapter: The 'Incodys'- Water Security Model

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Einführung: Die Grenzen des Wachstums rücken näher ; Kapitel 1 Gaias Gaben: die Herkunft der Bodenschätze ; Kapitel 2 Der geplünderte Planet: die Geschichte des Bergbaus ; Kapitel 3 Auf Bodenschätze gegründete Weltreiche: Bergbau und Kriege ; Kapitel 4 Eine Universalmaschine für den Bergbau: Mineralien und Energie ; Kapitel 5 Die Glockenkurve: ein Modell der Knappheit ; Kapitel 6 Die dunkle Seite des Bergbaus: Umweltverschmutzung und Klimawandel ; Kapitel 7 Die Red-Queen-Hypothese: die Zukunft der Zivilisation ; Schlussbetrachtung Eine mineralische Eschatologie ; Ausblicke

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction: The four musketeers ; 1 A wealth of indicators ; 2 Measuring sustainability ; 3 A price for everything? ; 4 Equivalent income, or how to value what has no price ; 5 Is happiness all that matters? ; 6 Empowering capabilities ; Conclusion: How to converge on a multiplicity

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: The hidden advantage of Chinese subsidies -- Measuring subsidies to Chinese industry -- Steely commitment: subsidies to China's steel industry -- Through the looking glass: subsidies to China's glass industry -- No paper tiger: subsidies to China's paper industry -- Pedal to the metal: subsidies to China's auto-parts industry -- Subsidies, business strategy and trade policy

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; 1. What are exponential random graph models ; 2. The formation of social network structure ; 3. A simplified account of ERGM as a statistical model ; 4. An example of ERGM analysis ; 5. Exponential random graph model fundamentals ; 6. Dependence graphs and sufficient statistics ; 7. Social selection, dyadic covariates and geospatial effects ; 8. Autologistic actor attribute models ; 9. ERGM extensions: models for multiple networks and bipartite networks ; 10. Longitudinal models ; 11. Simulation, estimation and goodness of fit ; 12. Illustrations: simulation, estimation and goodness of fit ; 13. Personal attitudes, perceived attitudes and social structures: a social selection model ; 14. How to close a hole: exploring alternative closure mechanisms in inter-organizational network ; 15. Interdependencies between working relations: multivariate ERGMs for advice and satisfaction ; 16. Brain, brawn or optimism? The structure and correlates of emergent military leadership ; 17. An ALAAM analysis of unemployment: the dual importance of who you know and where you live ; 18. Longitudinal changes in face-to-face and text message-mediated friendship networks ; 19. The differential impact of directors' social and financial capital on corporate interlock formation ; 20. Comparing networks: a structural correspondence between behavioural and recall networks ; 21. Modelling social networks: next steps

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction; Theory and method; EU climate policy: from pieces to package; The 'revolutionary' development of EU emissions trading: the triumph of 'tortoise' entrepreneurship?; EU renewable energy policy: David beating Goliath?; Carbon capture and storage (CCS): carpe diem entrepreneurship?; EU energy policy for buildings: a result of failed entrepreneurship?; Comparisons and conclusions

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Einführung: Klimaschutz Erfolgsgeschichten ; Die Krise des fossil- atomaren Zeitalters verschärft sich in dramatischer Geschwindigkeit ; Low Carbon: Scheinlösungen für den Klimaschutz ; Abkühlung der Erde ist möglich: In einigen Jahrzehnten sind 330 ppm zu schaffen ; Politische Maßnahmen zur Abkühlung der Erde ; Die Schlüsselrolle der Finanzwirtschaft als politischer Klimaschutzmotor

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Climate Change Finance ; 2. The Landscape of Climate Finance ; 3. Estimates of Incremental Investment for and Cost of Mitigation Measures in Developing Countries ; 4. Development and Climate Change Adaptation Funding: Coordination and Integration ; 5. Estimating Costs of Adaptation to Climate Change ; 6. Raising Climate Finance to Support Developing Country Action: Some Economic Considerations ; 7. Sources of Finance for Climate Action: Principles and Options for Implementation Mechanisms in this Decade ; 8. Mobilizing Climate Finance ; 9. International Climate Finance from Border Carbon Cost Leveling ; 10. Sources of Long-term Climate Change Finance ; 11. Spending Adaptation Money Wisely ; 12. Beyond Climate Finance: From Accountability to Productivity in Addressing the Climate Challenge ; 13. Recent Developments Related to International Climate Change Finance

Description / Table of Contents: The Arctic is subject to growing economic and political interest. Meanwhile, its water and climate systems are in rapid transformation. Relevant and accessible information about water and climate is therefore vital to detect, understand and adapt to the changes. This thesis investigates hydrological monitoring systems, climate model data, and our understanding of hydro-climatic change, for adaptation to water system changes in the Arctic. Results indicate a lack of harmonized water chemistry data, which may impede efforts to understand transport and origin of key waterborne constituents. Further development of monitoring cannot rely only on a reconciliation of observations and projections on where climate change will be the most severe, as they diverge in this regard. Climate model simulations of drainage basin temperature and precipitation have improved between two recent model generations, but large inaccuracies remain for precipitation projections. Late 20th-century discharge changes in major Arctic rivers generally show excess of water relative to precipitation changes. This indicates a possible contribution of stored water from permafrost or groundwater to sea level rise. The river contribution to the increasing Arctic Ocean freshwater inflow matches that of glaciers, which underlines the importance of considering all sources when assessing change. To provide adequate information for research and policy, Arctic hydrological and hydrochemical monitoring needs to be extended, better integrated and made more accessible. This especially applies to hydrochemistry monitoring, where a more complete set of monitored basins is motivated, including a general extension for the large unmonitored areas close to the Arctic Ocean. Improvements in climate model parameterizations are needed, in particular for precipitation projections. Finally, further water-focused data and modeling efforts are required to resolve the source of excess discharge in Arctic rivers.

Description / Table of Contents: This state-of-the-art Dictionary defines terms employed in international agreements, national legislation and scholarly legal studies related to comparative and international environmental law and the emerging law of climate change. Each term also includes its pinyin translation in order to facilitate accessing the Mandarin variants of each term. Jointly prepared by scholars in China and the US, the Dictionary will be an essential reference for those interpreting and applying international environmental law, multilateral environmental agreements, and domestic laws that implement these treaties.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface to the first edition. - Preface to the second editon. - List of figures. - List of tables. - List of symbols. - List of abbreviations. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Drift ice material. - 2.1 Sea ice cover. - 2.2 Ice floes to drift ice particles. - 2.3 Sea ice growth and melting. - 2.4 Ice thickness distribution. - 2.5 Sea ice ridges. - 2.6 Drift ice state. - 3 Ice kinematics. - 3.1 Description of ice velocity field. - 3.2 Observations. - 3.3 Stochastic modelling. - 3.4 Conservation of ice. - 4 Sea ice rheology. - 4.1 General. - 4.2 Viscous laws. - 4.3 Plastic laws. - 4.4 Granular floe collision models. - 4.5 Scaling of ice strength. - 5 Equation of drift ice motion. - 5.1 Derivation of the equation of motion. - 5.2 Atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers. - 5.3 Sea ice-ocean interaction. - 5.4 Scale analysis. - 5.5 Dynamics of a single ice floe. - 6 Free drift. - 6.1 Steady state solution. - 6.2 Non-steady case. - 6.3 Linear coupled ice-ocean model. - 6.4 Frequency spectrum of free drift. - 6.5 Spatial aspects of free drift. - 7 Drift in the presence of internal friction. - 7.1 The role of internal friction. - 7.2 Channel flow of sea ice. - 7.3 Ice drift along coastal boundary. - 7.4 Zonal sea ice drift. - 7.5 Modelling of ice tank experiments. - 7.6 Timespace scaling of ice drift. - 8 Numerical modelling. - 8.1 Numerical solutions. - 8.2 Examples of sea ice dynamics models. - 8.3 Short-term modelling applications. - 8.4 Oil spills in ice conditions. - 8.5 Climate models. - 9 Use and need of knowledge on ice drift. - 9.1 Science. - 9.2 Practice. - 9.3 Final comments. - 10 Study problems. - 10.1 Problems. - 10.2 Instructions and solutions. - 11 References. - Index.

Description / Table of Contents: This new edition of The drift of sea ice brings the theory, observations and practical applications of research into sea ice drift completely up to date, taking in to account and discussing the many new scientific results which have been published, in particular connected with thermodynamics, ice-ocean interaction, scaling, and numerical model applications in short-term and climate forecasting. This revised and expanded text presents the geophysical theory, observations from field programs, mathematical modelling techniques, and applications of sea ice drift science. It shows how the fundamental laws of sea ice drift come from the material properties of sea ice and the basic laws of mechanics. The book provides detailed analytical modelling and mathematical models and presents the construction of numerical ice drift models. The drift of sea ice gives a collection of worked examples on sea ice dynamics; details the derivation of the fundamental laws of sea ice dynamics in an understandable form; teaches methods for local and regional ice forecasting for ice engineering applications; analyses the system of equations for the general properties of sea ice drift and the derivation of the free drift model and analytical models for ice drift in the presence of internal friction; makes an excellant source book for climate research concerning the role of sea ice dynamics in the global climate.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1 Introduction ; 2 Software and growth ; 3 The history of Open Source ; 4 The supply side: comingling Open Source and proprietary software ; 5 The demand side: assessing trade-offs and making choices ; 6 Assessing government policies towards software ; 7 The takeaways

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part I: The Simple Economics of Discounting ; Three Ways to Determine the Discount Rate ; 2 The Ramsey Rule ; 3 Extending the Ramsey Rule to an Uncertain Economic Growth ; Part II: The Term Structure of Discount Rates ; 4 Random Walk and Mean-Reversion ; 5 Markov Switches and Extreme Events ; 6 Parametric Uncertainty and Fat Tails ; 7 The Weitzman Argument ; 8 A Theory of the Decreasing Term Structure of Discount Rates ; 1Part III: Extensions ; 9 Inequalities ; 10 Discounting Non-monetary Benefits ; 11 Alternative Decision Criteria ; Part IV: Evaluation of Risky and Uncertain Projects ; 12 Evaluation of Risky Projects ; 13 The Option Value of Uncertain Projects ; 14 Evaluation of Non-marginal Projects

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1 Die Versuchsanlage im ehemaligen Revier Preschen ; 2 Aufgabenstellung und Versuchsfragen ; 3 Zusammenfassung ; 4 Versuchsergebnisse nach Baumarten ; 5 Versuchsergebnisse allgemein ; 6 Nutzung der erzielten Ergebnisse für den Waldumbau auf degradierten Z2-Standorten in Mittel- und Südbrandenburg ; 7 Beurteilung der Ergebnisse im Rahmen des Klimawandels und Vorschläge für die Bewirtschaftung ziemlich nährstoffarmer Standorte im südlichen Brandenburg ; 8 Anlagen

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Council Staff . - Acknowledgments. - Boxes. - Tables. - Figures. - Acronyms and Abbreviations. - Summary. - Introduction. - 1 The Oceans in the Anthropocene. - 1.1 Use of the oceans. - 1.1.1 The legendary sea and its cultural meanings. - 1.1.2 Food from the sea. - 1.1.3 Ocean shipping and maritime trade. - 1.1.4 The sea as a dump for waste and waste water. - 1.1.5 Energy from the sea. - 1.1.6 Marine mining and resource extraction. - 1.1.7 The economic value of marine ecosystems. - 1.2 Threats to the oceans. - 1.2.1 Physical destruction of ecosystems. - 1.2.2 Overfishing. - 1.2.3 Impacts of marine pollution. - 1.2.3.1 Results of chemical pollution. - 1.2.3.2 Results of plastic pollution. - 1.2.3.3 Radioactive contamination. - 1.2.4 Warming. - 1.2.5 CO2 input and acidification. - 1.2.6 Low-oxygen zones. - 1.2.7 Sea-level rise. - 1.2.8 Aggregated effects. - 1.3 Possible new uses. - 1.3.1 Renewable energy. - 1.3.2 Raw materials. - 1.3.3 Marine genetic resources. - 1.3.4 New developments in marine aquaculture. - 1.4 Shaping the future of the marine ecosystem. - 1.4.1 Primary principles and values. - 1.4.2 Guiding principle for human interaction with the oceans. - 1.4.2.1 Think systemically: Regard and maintain the sea as an ecosystem and aspart of the Earth system. - 1.4.2.2 Act in a precautionary way: Take uncertainty and ignorance into account. - 1.4.2.3 Cooperate: overcoming the tragedy of the commons. - 1.4.3 Exemplary specification of the guiding principle for the sustainable stewardship of the marine ecosystem. - 2 Global Society and Social Contract. - 2.1 Global society and world's oceans. - 2.1.1 The global society in the Anthropocene. - 2.1.2 The emerging global society and global society theory. - 2.1.3 The cosmopolitan challenge. - 2.1.4 Global appreciation of the oceans. - 2.2 A social contract for the seas. - 2.2.1 A social contract as a basis for the Great Transformation. - 2.2.2 Reform of ocean governance. - 3 Governance of Human Ocean Use. - 3.1 Specifics of the seas. - 3.1.1 Oceans as part of the Earth system. - 3.1.2 Demands on marine policy caused by knowledge gaps. - 3.1.3 Oceans as a global public and common good. - 3.1.4 Touchstones for assessing the existing governanceof the oceans. - 3.1.5 Common heritage of mankind. - 3.2 Ocean governance in international law: UNCLOS. - 3.2.1 Zoning of the oceans by UNCLOS. - 3.2.1.1 Territorial sea. - 3.2.1.2 Contiguous zone. - 3.2.1.3 Exclusive economic zone. - 3.2.1.4 Continental shelf. - 3.2.1.5 High seas. - 3.2.1.6 The Area. - 3.2.2 Regulations of UNCLOS on the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans. - 3.2.3 Institutions of UNCLOS. - 3.2.3.1 International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. - 3.2.3.2 International Seabed Authority and the seabed regime. - 3.2.4 Assessment of UNCLOS. - 3.2.4.1 Systemic perspective. - 3.2.4.2 Precautionary principle. - 3.2.4.3 Adaptive management. - 3.2.4.4 Incentives for innovation. - 3.2.4.5 Assignment of rights of use. - 3.2.4.6 Cooperation. - 3.2.4.7 Subsidiary decision-making structures. - 3.2.4.8 Transparent information. - 3.2.4.9 Participative decision-making structures. - 3.2.4.10 Fair distribution mechanisms. - 3.2.4.11 Conflict-resolution mechanisms. - 3.2.4.12 Enforcement mechanisms. - 3.2.5 Core problems and challenges of future ocean governance. - 3.3 Global ocean governance: UN institutions and activities. - 3.3.1 Actors: UN bodies and specialized organizations. - 3.3.1.1 UN General Assembly and UNSecretary-General. - 23.3.1.2 Rio Process. - 3.3.1.3 International Maritime Organization. - 3.3.1.4 UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanic Commission. - 3.3.1.5 UN Environmental Programme (UNEP). - 3.3.1.6 UN-Oceans. - 3.3.1.7 Global Environment Facility (GEF). - 3.3.1.8 World Bank Group. - 3.3.2 UN conventions relating to the oceans. - 3.3.2.1 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). - 3.3.2.2 Negotiations on a new implementing agreement on marine biodiversityon the high seas. - 3.3.2.3 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). - 3.3.2.4 UNESCO World Heritage Convention and World Heritage Marine Programme. - 3.3.2.5 MARPOL and SOLAS. - 3.3.2.6 London Convention and London Protocol. - 3.4 Regional ocean governance. - 3.4.1 UNEP Regional Seas Programme. - 3.4.2 Regional seas agreements. - 3.4.2.1 Task areas. - 3.4.2.2 Institutionalization: governance mechanisms and capacity. - 3.4.2.3 Cooperation, coordination, coherence and complementarity. - 3.4.3 EU marine policy. - 3.5 Private ocean governance. - 3.5.1 Options and limitations. - 3.5.2 Example: eco-labels and sustainability labels. - 3.6 Selected instruments. - 3.6.1 Environmental monitoring. - 3.6.2 Marine protected areas and marine spatial planning. - 3.6.2.1 Marine protected areas. - 3.6.2.2 Marine spatial planning. - 3.6.3 Integrated coastal-zone management.. - 3.6.4 Environmental standards. - 3.6.5 Environmental liability. - 3.6.6 Sanctions. - 3.6.7 Class actions. - 3.6.8 International financial transfers. - 3.7 Conclusions. - 4 Food from the Sea. - 4.1 Marine fishery. - 4.1.1 Status and trends of fisheries. - 4.1.2 Importance and effects of fisheries. - 4.1.2.1 Food and food security. - 4.1.2.2 Socioeconomic significance and effects. - 4.1.2.3 Ecological significance and effects. - 4.1.2.4 Small-scale marine fisheries in the global context. - 4.1.3 Sustainable fisheries management: methods and instruments. - 4.1.3.1 Ecosystem approach and precautionary principle as the basis for sustainable fishing. - 4.1.3.2 Knowledge-based fisheries management. - 4.1.3.3 Instruments for the sustainable management of fish-stocks. - 4.1.3.4 Minimizing the ecological risks and side effects of fisheries. - 4.1.3.5 Monitoring and enforcement. - 4.1.3.6 Costs and financing the transition towards sustainable fisheries. - 4.1.4 International fisheries governance: institutions and focal points. - 4.1.4.1 Political objectives. - 4.1.4.2 The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. - 4.1.4.3 The FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. - 4.1.4.4 Fisheries governance on the high seas: the UN Fish Stocks Agreement and regional fisheries management organizations. - 4.1.4.5 Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. - 4.1.4.6 The external dimension of the EU Common Fisheries Policy. - 4.1.4.7 Subsidies in the fishing industry. - 4.1.4.8 International trade and trade policy. - 4.2 Aquaculture. - 4.2.1 Definitions and principles. - 4.2.2 State of aquaculture and trends. - 4.2.2.1 Growth and regional overview. - 4.2.2.2 Contribution to food security and poverty reduction. - 4.2.2.3 Environmental risks from aquaculture and conflicts over use at the coasts. - 4.2.2.4 Promoting ecologically sustainable aquaculture. - 4.2.3 Governance of aquaculture. - 4.2.3.1 Fundamental prerequisites for a sustainable form of aquaculture. - 4.2.3.2 Selected instruments for promoting sustainable aquaculture. - 4.2.3.3 Research and development for sustainable aquaculture. - 4.2.4 International and regional governance in aquaculture. - 4.2.4.1 International level. - 4.2.4.2 European Union. - 4.2.4.3 Regional seas agreements. - 4.3 Interactions between fisheries and aquaculture. - 4.3.1 Forage fisheries and breeding from wild-caught fish. - 4.3.2 Competition between uses. - 4.3.3 Reducing the proportion of fishmeal and fish oil used in aquaculture feeds. - 4.4 Systemic effects: land/sea interactions and feedbackloops with the Earth system. - 4.4.1 Climate change. - 4.4.2 Acidification. - 4.4.3 Low-oxygen zones and eutrophication. - 4.4.4 Anthropogenic pollution. - 4.4.5 Synergistic effects. - 4.5 Conclusions. - 5 Energy from the sea. - 5.1 Fossil energy carriers from the sea. - 5.1.1 Resource availability of fossil energy carriers. - 5.1.2 Technologies of offshore extraction. - 5.1.3 Environmental impact of fossil energy use. - 5.1.4 Infrastructure. - 5.1.4.1 Mineral oil. - 5.1.4.2 Natural gas. - 5.1.4.3 Carbon dioxide. - 5.1.5 Costs. - 5.1.6 Prospects of fossil-fuel extraction in the oceans. - 5.1.7 Conclusions. - 5.2 Renewable energy. - 5.2.1 Technological possibilities of offshore wind energy and marine energies. - 5.2.1.1 Development status of offshore wind energy. - 5.2.1.2 Development status of marine-energy technologies. - 5.2.2 Global potential of sea-based renewable power generation. - 5.2.2.1 Offshore wind energy. - 5.2.2.2 Marine energies. - 5.2.3 Environmental impact of marine renewable-energy generation. - 5.2.4 Infrastructure. - 5.2.4.1 Offshore logistics for renewable energy. - 5.2.4.2 Offshore storage technologies. - 5.2.5 Costs. - 5.2.5.1 Offshore wind energy. - 5.2.5.2 Marine energies. - 5.3 Vision of a future marine energy system. - 5.3.1 The status quo of marine energy generation. - 5.3.2 A future renewable marine energy system. - 5.3.3 Transformation of the marine energy system - from the status quo to the futureenergy system. - 5.4 Governance. - 5.4.1 Energy policy. - 5.4.2 Marine policy. - 5.4.2.1 Marine spatial planning. - 5.4.2.2 Construction of installations in the sea. - 5.4.2.3 Regulation of oil and gas production. - 5.4.2.4 Regulations on the storage of CO2 in the sea or the seabed. - 5.4.3 Promotion of innovation. - 5.4.3.1 Promotion of systemic innovation. - 5.4.3.2 Technology development. - 5.4.3.3 Innovation potential. - 5.4.3.4 Measures. - 5.5 Conclusions. - 6 Synthesis: The Blue Revolution. - 6.1 The oceans as the common heritage of mankind. - 6.2 Expansion into the oceans. - 6.3 A new initiative for the conservation and sustainable use of the seas. - 6.4 Elements of a new marine policy. - 7 Recommendations for Action. - 7.1 Guiding principles for future ocean governance. - 7.1.1 The oceans as the 'common heritage of mankind'. - 7.1.2 The systemic approach. - 7.1.3 The precautionary principle. - 7.1.4 Ten criteria for a future system of ocean governance. - 7.1.5 Implementation and enforcement. - 7.1.6 A social contract for the seas. - 7.2 The WBGU's vision of a comprehensive reform of the international law of the sea. - 7.2.1 The common heritage of mankind, the systemic approach and the precautionaryprinciple: three guiding principles for ocean management. - 7.2.2 Institutional changes. - 7.2.2.1 A global steward of the seas: the World Oceans Organization. - 7.2.2.2 Regional stewards of the seas: Regional Marine Management Organizations. - 7.2.2.3 Extend the jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. - 7.2.3 Rights and duties of states parties on the high seas and in EEZs. - 7.2.3.1 Conservation and sustainable use of the high seas. - 7.2.3.2 Conservation and sustainable use of the Exclusive Economic Zones. - 7.2.4 Instruments. - 7.3 Recommendations for action: the road to a comprehensivereform of the law of the sea. - 7.3.1 Strengthen the knowledge and action base of ocean governance. - 7.3.1.1 Improve marine environmental monitoring. - 7.3.1.2 Process scientific knowledge for policy-makers and support the Regular Process. - 7.3.1.3 Set up a multi-stakeholder forum. - 7.3.2 Create the necessary conditions for sustainable management. - 7.3.3 Develop strategies for future ocean governance. - 7.3.3.1 Develop the Oceans Compact into an Integrated World Oceans Strategy. - 7.3.3.2 Ratify regional, national and local marine strategies. - 7.3.3.3 Take on a pioneering role - forge subglobal alliances. - 7.3.4 Support and flesh out the international law of the sea. - 7.3.4.1 Promote the signing, ratification and implementation of UNCLOS. - 7.3.4.2 Reach a new implementing agreement on biological diversity on the high seas. - 7.3.4.3 Advance the UN Fish Stocks Agreement and Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs). - 7.3.5 Strengthen regional ocean governance. - 7.3.5.1 Strengthen and expand the UNEP Regional Seas Programme. - 7.3.5.2 Strengthen regional seas agreements. - 7.3.5.3 Improve dovetailing in regional ocean governance. - 7.3.6 Develop concepts for the joint funding of ocean governance. - 7.3.6.1 Strengthen international financing mechanisms. - 7.3.6.2 Use the mechanisms of the Framework Convention on Climate Change for funding. - 7.3.6.3 Utilize user charges as a source of funding. - 7.3.7 Employ incentive instruments and funding structures. - 7.3.7.1 Create economic incentives for sustainable uses. - 7.3.7.2 Develop funding structures for long-term-oriented investments. - 7.3.8 Strengthen and expand private governance. - 7.3.8.1 Introduce a standardized Europe-wide system of certification for wild-caught fish and seafood. - 7.3.8.2 Improve legal certainty on the WTO-conformity of sustainability standards. - 7.3.9 Considerably expand marine protected areas and spatial planning. - 7.3.9.1 Expand marine protected areas. - 7.3.9.2 Expand cross-border marine spatial planning. - 7.3.10 Promote the harmonization of existing liability regimes. - 7.4 Food from the sea. - 7.4.1 Recommendations for action on marine fisheries. - 7.4.1.1 Overall recommendations for a change of course in fisheries. - 7.4.1.2 Improve the preconditions for knowledge-based fishery. - 7.4.1.3 Reduce subsidies. - 7.4.1.4 Stop wastefulness. - 7.4.1.5 Combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. - 7.4.1.6 Take into account climate change, ocean acidification and other systemic effects. - 7.4.1.7 Reform the European Union's Common Fisheries Policy. - 7.4.1.8 Marine small-scale fisheries in the global context. - 7.4.2 Recommendations for action on aquaculture. - 7.4.2.1 Improve knowledge and data resources. - 7.4.2.2 Promote the development of sustainable aquaculture systems. - 7.4.2.3 Implement international and EU-wide recommendations. - 7.4.2.4 Strengthen economic policy supporting sustainable aquaculture. - 7.4.2.5 Promote cooperation, prevent conflicts. - 7.4.3 Fishing and aquaculture as elements of integrated strategies for food security. - 7.5 Use of energy from the sea for the energy-system transformation. - 7.5.1 Integrated energy, marine and innovation policiesfor the energy-system transformation. - 7.5.1.1 Energy policy. - 7.5.1.2 Marine policy. - 7.5.1.3 Innovation policy. - 7.5.2 Build an offshore supergrid. - 7.5.3 Refrain from marine methane hydrate mining. - 7.5.4 Develop regulations for sub-seabed CCS. - 8 Recommendations for Research and Education. - 8.1 Research in the context of the transformation towards sustainability. - 8.1.1 Key types of research. - 8.1.2 Innovative approaches in German marine research. - 8.2 Transformation research for the oceans. - 8.2.1 Conceptual background. - 8.2.2 Research recommendations. - 8.3 Transformative research for the seas. - 8.3.1 Research on global change. - 8.3.2 Ocean governance. - 8.3.2.1 Ocean governance for the transformation towards sustainability. - 8.3.2.2 Policy instruments for new challenges. - 8.3.3 Food from the sea. - 8.3.3.1 Fisheries. - 8.3.3.2 Aquaculture. - 8.3.3.3 Overarching issues. - 8.3.4 Energy from the sea. - 8.3.4.1 Technology research. - 8.3.4.2 Research on environmental hazards and risks. - 8.4 Recommendations on research policy. - 8.4.1 Stronger integration of interdisciplinary marine research into research programmes. - 8.4.2 Stronger institutionalization of interdisciplinary marine research. - 8.4.3 Strengthening of the interface between science and society in marine research. - 9 References. - 10 Glossary.

Description / Table of Contents: The rheological approach including the differentiation between various chemical properties gives a fascinating insight into the soil processes and properties. On such a basis also the following up processes of the aggregate level can be better understood and it certainly also helps to link results with a more complete concept. The basis for mechanical processes is still the effective stress equation which in itself can be subdivided in the various scale effects. Finally both a more complete picture of the strengthening but also of the degradation processes can be derived and countermeasures can be developed. These counter­measures also include natural soil regeneration or amelioration approaches based on the quantified internal soil strength and the information about the actual mechanical sensitivity of the soil being threatened by soil compaction and deformation.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; Principle one: Water is a human right ; Principle two: Water is a common heritage ; Principle three: Water has rights too ; Principle four: Water can teach us how to live together

Description / Table of Contents: This book reviews results from the CAWSES program, including the evolution of solar radiation, solar influence on Earth's atmosphere, the importance of coupling mechanisms and middle and upper atmosphere climate signals, relative to natural variability.CAWSES (Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System) is the most important scientific program of SCOSTEP (Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics). CAWSES has triggered a scientific priority program within the German Research Foundation for a period of 6 years. Approximately 30 scientific institutes and 120 scientists were involved in Germany with strong links to international partners. The priority program focuses on solar influence on climate, atmospheric coupling processes, and space climatology. This book summarizes the most important results from this program covering some important research topics from the Sun to climate. Solar related processes are studied including the evolution of solar radiation with relevance to climate. Results regarding the influence of the Sun on the terrestrial atmosphere from the troposphere to the thermosphere are presented including stratospheric ozone, mesospheric ice clouds, geomagnetic effects, and their relevance to climate.Several chapters highlight the importance of coupling mechanisms within the atmosphere, covering transport mechanisms of photochemically active species, dynamical processes such as gravity waves, tides, and planetary waves, and feedback mechanisms between the thermal and dynamical structure of the atmosphere. Special attention is paid to climate signals in the middle and upper atmosphere and their significance relative to natural variability.

Description / Table of Contents: The overall aim of the book is to introduce students to the typical course followed by a data analysis project in earth sciences. A project usually involves searching relevant literature, reviewing and ranking published books and journal articles, extracting relevant information from the literature in the form of text, data, or graphs, searching and processing the relevant original data using MATLAB, and compiling and presenting the results as posters, abstracts, and oral presentations using graphics design software. The text of this book includes numerous examples on the use of internet resources, on the visualization of data with MATLAB, and on preparing scientific presentations. As with its sister book MATLAB Recipes for Earth Sciences-3rd Edition (2010), which demonstrates the use of statistical and numerical methods on earth science data, this book uses state-of-the art software packages, including MATLAB and the Adobe Creative Suite, to process and present geoscientific information collected during the course of an earth science project. The book's supplementary electronic material (available online through the publisher's website) includes color versions of all figures, recipes with all the MATLAB commands featured in the book, the example data, exported MATLAB graphics, and screenshots of the most important steps involved in processing the graphics.

Description / Table of Contents: Dieses Handbuch stellt in Beiträgen der führenden Experten qualitative und quantitative Forschungsmethoden des Faches vor. Behandelt werden sowohl fachspezifische Methodenals auch Methoden der Sozialwissenschaften und der Informatik z.B. Entwicklung von Forschungsdesigns, Befragungen, Nutzungsmessung von Websites, Benutzerforschung, Ethnomethodologie, Methoden der Informetrie, Evaluation von Informationssystemen, Inhaltsanalyse, Diskursanalyse, hermeneutische Methoden, Delphi-Methode.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Wo stehen wir, wo wollen wir hin? Demokratische Beteiligung in der Bürgergesellschaft ; Zwischen Mitdenken, Mitentscheiden und Mitwirken: Reflexionen zu Beispielen der Beteiligung von Bürgern ; Bedingungen für erfolgreiche Bürgerbeteiligungen ; Das Gemeinschaftswerk Energiewende: Bürgerbeteiligung weiterdenken