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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-10
    Beschreibung: Pupylation, one of the most important posttranslational modifications of proteins, typically takes place when prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup) is attached to specific lysine residues on a target protein. Identification of pupylation substrates and their corresponding sites will facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanism of pupylation. Comparing with the labor-intensive and time-consuming experiment approaches, computational prediction of pupylation sites is much desirable for their convenience and fast speed. In this study, a new bioinformatics tool named EnsemblePup was developed that used an ensemble of support vector machine classifiers to predict pupylation sites. The highlight of EnsemblePup was to utilize the Bi-profile Bayes feature extraction as the encoding scheme. The performance of EnsemblePup was measured with a sensitivity of 79.49%, a specificity of 82.35%, an accuracy of 85.43%, and a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.617 using the 5-fold cross validation on the training dataset. When compared with other existing methods on a benchmark dataset, the EnsemblePup provided better predictive performance, with a sensitivity of 80.00%, a specificity of 83.33%, an accuracy of 82.00%, and a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.629. The experimental results suggested that EnsemblePup presented here might be useful to identify and annotate potential pupylation sites in proteins of interest. A web server for predicting pupylation sites was developed.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-12
    Beschreibung: The problem of exponential stability for the uncertain neutral Markovian jump systems with interval time-varying delays and nonlinear perturbations is investigated in this paper. This study starts from the corresponding nominal systems with known and partially unknown transition rates, respectively. By constructing a novel augmented Lyapunov functional which contains triple-integral terms and fully utilizes the bound of the delay, the delay-range-dependent and rate-dependent exponential stability criteria are developed by the Lyapunov theory, reciprocally convex lemma, and free weighting matrices. Then, the results about nominal systems are extended to the uncertain case. Finally, numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9120
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-9139
    Thema: Mathematik , Physik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-12
    Beschreibung: The local fractional Schrödinger equations in the one-dimensional Cantorian system are investigated. The approximations solutions are obtained by using the local fractional series expansion method. The obtained solutions show that the present method is an efficient and simple tool for solving the linear partial differentiable equations within the local fractional derivative.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9120
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-9139
    Thema: Mathematik , Physik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-12
    Beschreibung: The present paper investigates the reliability analysis of industrial systems by using vague lambda-tau methodology in which information related to system components is uncertain and imprecise in nature. The uncertainties in the data are handled with the help of intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) theory rather than fuzzy set theory. Various reliability parameters are addressed for strengthening the analysis in terms of degree of acceptance and rejection of IFS. Performance as well as sensitivity analysis of the system parameter has been investigated for accessing the impact of taking wrong combinations on its performance. Finally results are compared with the existing traditional crisp and fuzzy methodologies results. The technique has been demonstrated through a case study of bleaching unit of a paper mill.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7144
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-7152
    Thema: Mathematik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-12
    Beschreibung: A classical issue in many applied fields is to obtain an approximating surface to a given set of data points. This problem arises in Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM), virtual reality, medical imaging, computer graphics, computer animation, and many others. Very often, the preferred approximating surface is polynomial, usually described in parametric form. This leads to the problem of determining suitable parametric values for the data points, the so-called surface parameterization. In real-world settings, data points are generally irregularly sampled and subjected to measurement noise, leading to a very difficult nonlinear continuous optimization problem, unsolvable with standard optimization techniques. This paper solves the parameterization problem for polynomial Bézier surfaces by applying the firefly algorithm, a powerful nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm introduced recently to address difficult optimization problems. The method has been successfully applied to some illustrative examples of open and closed surfaces, including shapes with singularities. Our results show that the method performs very well, being able to yield the best approximating surface with a high degree of accuracy.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-0042
    Thema: Mathematik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-12
    Beschreibung: The tension between the meaning of causality in science and law or public policy is well-known; however, defendants in product liability cases or industries that might be affected by a government regulation may try to convince the factfinder to require evidence of a causal relationship that meets the standards of science. From the perspective of public health, however, people may be exposed unnecessarily to a health risk during the time period between the establishment of reasonably strong evidence of a causal relationship and the overwhelming evidence required for scientific causality. The Bayesian paradigm enables one to update information from epidemiologic studies as they accumulate, providing estimates of the probability that the relative risk of a particular harm from exposure exceeds a threshold value, e.g. 2.0 or 4.0 that is sufficient to meet the preponderance of the evidence standard or to support a health initiative. In order to diminish the role of the initial prior distribution, which may be quite subjective, the first case-control study or an analysis of adverse event and case reports is used to determine two prior distributions. One is the most favourable to the defendant, or industry that might be regulated, which is consistent with the previous data. The other is centred on or near the estimated relative risk from the first study. The method is applied to the studies that linked aspirin use to Reye syndrome and demonstrates that the evidence of a causal association was sufficiently strong in 1982, when the Food and Drug Administration first proposed that the public be warned of the risk, to support the regulation. Thus, lives would have been saved had the warning been given at the end of 1982 rather than in early 1985.
    Print ISSN: 1470-8396
    Digitale ISSN: 1470-840X
    Thema: Mathematik , Rechtswissenschaft
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-12
    Beschreibung: In law, inferences of causation are sometimes made through a structured process in which multiple participants play various roles, and make decisions concerning various logical components of the overall inference (such as legal rules, policy objectives, presumptions, evidence, burdens of proof and findings of fact). This article illustrates such a process using empirical research into compensation decisions in the USA for injuries allegedly caused by vaccinations. Empirical research into actual legal processes is essential, in order to discover how various players approach their sub-tasks of decision-making. It also provides insights for areas outside of law, such as non-monotonic logic, cognitive science, sociology and artificial intelligence.
    Print ISSN: 1470-8396
    Digitale ISSN: 1470-840X
    Thema: Mathematik , Rechtswissenschaft
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Oxford University Press
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-12
    Beschreibung: Situations of causal factual uncertainty are relatively common in law. The problems and difficulties regarding ‘factual causation’ in law point to the need of ‘evidence’ and ‘proof’ models that are adequate and capable to accommodate the tests and methodologies used to explain and demonstrate it in a legal context. Given the configuration of the situations of causal factual uncertainty and the available ‘evidence’ and ‘proof’ models, I argue that it is justified to use an ‘argumentative-narrative’ model for ‘proving causation’ in law. However, considering that each model of ‘evidence’ and ‘proof’ reveals a different kind of ‘rationality’ that can still be viewed in different ways, I also argue that we must try to match the perspective we have on the ‘rationality’ behind the chosen model of ‘evidence’ and ‘proof’ with the ‘rationality’ underlying ‘causation’ in law.
    Print ISSN: 1470-8396
    Digitale ISSN: 1470-840X
    Thema: Mathematik , Rechtswissenschaft
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Oxford University Press
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-12
    Beschreibung: At least in some cases, the values confronted in legal decision-making appear to be incommensurable. Some legal theorists resist incommensurability because they fear that this presents an overwhelming obstacle to rational decision-making. By offering a close analysis of proportionality and, more particularly, measures of proportional value satisfaction, I show that this fear is unfounded. Comparative measures of proportional value satisfaction do not require the values to be commensurable. However, assuming incommensurability presents us with the problem of public significance in the proportional satisfaction of values. When two values are commensurable, this public significance is provided by the mediating effects of the overarching third value that provides the common measure of the values. However, when this common measure is removed, then the public significance of value satisfaction must be otherwise achieved. This is why I propose an equal proportional value satisfaction as the most appropriate proportionality maximand. Under equal proportional value satisfaction, the proportional satisfaction of any one value has significance for each and every other value. This kind of public significance is interpersonal rather than impersonal (or second-personal rather than third-personal). The article then shows that the legal process that is most appropriate to equal proportionality is a process that implements defeasible legal rules.
    Print ISSN: 1470-8396
    Digitale ISSN: 1470-840X
    Thema: Mathematik , Rechtswissenschaft
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-12
    Beschreibung: In order to allocate the risk between parties in legal adjudication, we use evidentiary techniques with the main device among them being the standard of proof (SoP). The traditional view holds the grade of probability to be the parameter that shifts when moving to different standards. However, as soon as we dig slightly deeper, an incoherent picture is being revealed. In this article, I challenge the accepted view and try to show that it faces insurmountable problems concerning the rationality, the grammatical consistency and the impact of the SoP for the acceptability of verdicts. At the end of the article, I shortly discuss the theory of epistemological contextualism and propose a framework that allows rational distinctions to be drawn between different standards of proof. In the second part of this project (forthcoming), I will defend a contextualist view according to which shifting parameter is not the grade of (aleatory) probability, but instead the Set of Epistemic Defeaters in play.
    Print ISSN: 1470-8396
    Digitale ISSN: 1470-840X
    Thema: Mathematik , Rechtswissenschaft
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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