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  • Articles  (97,561)
  • 2010-2014  (97,561)
  • 2011  (97,561)
  • Geosciences  (91,581)
  • Technology  (6,477)
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  • 2010-2014  (97,561)
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  • 1
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    First Principles calculations on the electronic properties of the III-VII semiconductors, radiation detectors, TlBr and TlCl (2011)
    IOS Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-31
    Description: In this work, we have investigated the electronic properties of the III-VII binary compound semiconductors TlBr and TlCl by means of first-principles density-functional total-energy calculation using the all-electron full potential linear augmented plane-wave method (FP-LAPW). The (FPLAPW) method was used within the density functional theory (DFT) along with the Engel-Vosko and (GGA96) exchange correlation potential. The energy bands along high symmetry directions, the density of states and valence charge density distributions cut through various planes are presented. The results have been discussed in terms of previously existing experimental and theoretical data, and comparisons with similar compounds have been made. Analysis of band structure suggests a direct and a pseudo-direct band gaps for both compounds. Content Type Journal Article Pages 313-321 DOI 10.3233/JCM-2011-0390 Authors M. Benkraouda, Physics Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box, UAE F. Hamed, Physics Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box, UAE N. Amrane, Physics Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box, UAE Journal Journal of Computational Methods in Science and Engineering Online ISSN 1875-8983 Print ISSN 1472-7978 Journal Volume Volume 11 Journal Issue Volume 11, Number 5-6 / 2011
    Print ISSN: 1472-7978
    Electronic ISSN: 1875-8983
    Topics: Computer Science , Technology
    Published by IOS Press
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  • 2
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    The affine constrained GNSS attitude model and its multivariate integer least-squares solution (2011)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-31
    Description:    A new global navigation satellite system (GNSS) carrier-phase attitude model and its solution are introduced in this contribution. This affine-constrained GNSS attitude model has the advantage that it avoids the computational complexity of the orthonormality-constrained GNSS attitude model, while it still has a significantly improved ambiguity resolution performance over its unconstrained counterpart. The functional and stochastic model is formulated in multivariate form, for one-, two- and three-dimensional antenna arrays, tracking GNSS signals on an arbitrary number of frequencies with two or more antennas. The stochastic model includes the capability to capture variations in the antenna-quality within the array. The multivariate integer least-squares solution of the model parameters is given and the model’s ambiguity success-rate is analysed by means of the ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP). A general closed-form expression for the affine-constrained ADOP is derived, thus providing an easy-to-use and insightful rule-of-thumb for the ambiguity resolution capabilities of the affine constrained GNSS attitude model. Content Type Journal Article Category Original Article Pages 1-17 DOI 10.1007/s00190-011-0538-z Authors P. J. G. Teunissen, Department of Spatial Sciences, GNSS Research Centre, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, Australia Journal Journal of Geodesy Online ISSN 1432-1394 Print ISSN 0949-7714
    Print ISSN: 0949-7714
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1394
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
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    Correction to “Relationships between MODIS and ATSR fires and atmospheric variability in New Caledonia (SW Pacific)” (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-31
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    The Sculptured Hills of the Taurus Highlands: Implications for the relative age of Serenitatis, basin chronologies and the cratering history of the Moon (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-31
    Description: New images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera show the distribution and geological relations of the Sculptured Hills, a geological unit widespread in the highlands between the Serenitatis and Crisium basins. The Sculptured Hills shows knobby, undulating, radially textured, and plains-like morphologies and in many places is indistinguishable from the similarly knobby Alpes Formation, a facies of ejecta from the Imbrium basin. The new LROC image data show that the Sculptured Hills in the Taurus highlands is Imbrium ejecta and not directly related to the formation of the Serenitatis basin. This occurrence and the geological relations of this unit suggests that the Apollo 17 impact melts may not be not samples of the Serenitatis basin-forming impact, leaving their provenance undetermined and origin unexplained. If the Apollo 17 melt rocks are Serenitatis impact melt, up to half of the basin and large crater population of the Moon was created within a 30 Ma interval around 3.8 Ga in a global impact “cataclysm.” Either interpretation significantly changes our view of the impact process and history of the Earth-Moon system.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Three-dimensional structure of a swarm of the salp Thalia democratica within a cold-core eddy off southeast Australia (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-31
    Description: Swarms of the salp Thalia democratica periodically occur off southeast Australia following the austral spring bloom of phytoplankton. In October 2008 a filament of upwelled water was advected south by the adjacent East Australian Current and formed a 30 km diameter cold-core eddy (CCE). The three-dimensional structure of a subsurface swarm of T. democratica within the eddy was examined using both oblique and vertical hauls and an optical plankton counter (OPC) deployed on a towed body. The CCE displayed distinct uplift of the nutricline and elevated fluorescence. Net samples show the zooplankton community was dominated by T. democratica, comprising 73%–88% of zooplankton abundance. The size distribution of T. democratica measured from net samples was 0.5–5 mm and was used to interpret the OPC transects, which showed the swarm formed a 15 km diameter disc located 20–40 m deep in the center of the eddy. The maximum salp abundance was in the pycnocline and coincided with the subsurface fluorescence maximum. The mean abundance of T. democratica size particles within the disc was 5003 individuals m−3 (ind. m−3), contrasted with only 604 ind. m−3 at the outer edge of the eddy. The vertically concentrated and horizontally constrained disc-shaped salp swarm occurred at the interface of salp-bearing inner shelf water and nutrient-rich upwelled water in a CCE. The physical processes that formed the CCE on the inshore edge of the western boundary current led to the largest density of salps recorded.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Oceanic eddy formation and propagation southwest of Taiwan (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-31
    Description: Oceanic eddies are active and energetic southwest of Taiwan. The formation and propagation of eddies in this area were investigated using 17 year satellite altimeter data. Cyclonic eddies (CEs) and anticyclonic eddies (ACEs) often coexisted, but there were more CEs than ACEs generated during the period from October 1992 to October 2009. ACEs were stronger and, in general, lived longer than CEs. ACEs occurred more often in winter than in other seasons, while CEs were more frequent in summer. Compared with the direct local wind forcing, the Kuroshio path variability appears to be a dominant factor for eddy formation in this area. A conceptual model of an eddy-Kuroshio interaction is proposed. In summer, there exists an outflow northwest of Luzon Island, and the Kuroshio likely leaps across the Luzon Strait. To the north of the outflow and left of the Kuroshio axis, CEs are often formed, which in turn induce ACEs to the west of CEs. In winter, under the influence of northeasterly monsoon, the Kuroshio Current Loop (KCL) appears southwest of Taiwan more frequently than in other seasons, and ACEs are frequently shed from the KCL. Most of the ACEs propagate westward, and, as a result, CEs are often spun up to the east of the ACEs. The surface South China Sea outflow in summer and the KCL in winter are, however, likely related to the monsoons. Therefore, the indirect effects of monsoon winds are also evident in the seasonal variations of eddy occurrence.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Support for an “A-type” Pangea reconstruction from high-fidelity Late Permian and Early to Middle Triassic paleomagnetic data from Argentina (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-31
    Description: A major disparity is observed between the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic apparent polar wander paths (APWPs) of Laurussia and Gondwana when the landmasses are re-assembled in a conventional “A-type” Pangea. This discrepancy has endured from the earliest paleomagnetic reconstructions of the supercontinent, and has prompted discussions of non-dipole paleomagnetic fields and alternative paleogeographic models. Here we report on a joint paleomagnetic-geochronologic study of Late Permian and Early to Middle Triassic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks from Argentina, which demonstrates support for an A-type model, without requiring modification to the geocentric axial dipole hypothesis. New SHRIMP U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar isotopic dating has reinforced the inferred age of the sequences, which we estimate at ∼264 Ma (Upper Choiyoi Group) and ∼245 Ma (Puesto Viejo Group). Field-stability tests demonstrate that the volcanic rocks are carrying early/primary magnetizations, which yield paleopoles: 73.7°S, 315.6°E, A95: 4.1°, N: 40 (Upper Choiyoi) and 76.7°S, 312.4°E, A95: 7.3°, N: 14 (Puesto Viejo). A comprehensive magnetic fabric analysis is used to evaluate structural restorations and to correct for magnetization anisotropy. The paleomagnetic results derived from volcaniclastic rocks are interpreted to be affected by inclination shallowing, and corrections are discussed. A comparison of these new results with the existing Permian-Triassic paleomagnetic data from Gondwana suggests the presence of widespread bias in the latter. We contend that such bias can explain the observed APWP disparity, at least for Late Permian-Middle Triassic time, and that alternative paleogeographic reconstructions or non-dipole paleomagnetic fields do not need to be invoked to resolve the discrepancy.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Accuracy analysis of the optimal separable approximation method of one-way wave migration (2011)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-31
    Description:    An approximation for the one-way wave operator takes the form of separated space and wave-number variables and makes it possible to use the FFT, which results in a great improvement in the computational efficiency. From the function approximation perspective, the OSA method shares the same separable approximation format to the one-way wave operator as other separable approximation methods but it is the only global function approximation among these methods. This leads to a difference in the phase error curve, impulse response, and migration result from other separable approximation methods. The difference is that the OSA method has higher accuracy, and the sensitivity to the velocity variation declines with increasing order. Content Type Journal Article Pages 328-336 DOI 10.1007/s11770-011-0295-z Authors Shu-Yuan Du, Graduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China Jing-Bo Chen, Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS, Beijing, 100029 China Hong Liu, Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS, Beijing, 100029 China Journal Applied Geophysics Online ISSN 1993-0658 Print ISSN 1672-7975 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 4
    Print ISSN: 1672-7975
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-0658
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Chinese Geophysical Society.
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  • 9
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    The salt composition of rivers in Wrangel Island (2011)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-31
    Description:    Pioneer information about the chemical composition of river water in Wrangel Island has been obtained. It is shown that the water composition reflects the lithogeochemical specifics of primary rocks and ore mineralization. In contrast to many areas of the Russian Far North, river waters of the island are characterized by an elevated background value of total mineralization (i.e., total dissolved solids, TDS) (0.3–2 g/l) and specific chemical type (SO 4 -Ca-Mg). This is related to abundance of Late Carboniferous gypsiferous and dolomitic sequences in the mountainous area of the island. It has also been established that the salt composition of some streams is appreciably governed by supergene alterations of the sulfide mineralization associated with the quartz-carbonate vein systems. They make up natural centers of surface water contamination. Waters in such streams are characterized by low pH values (2.4–5.5), high TDS (up to 6–23 g/l) and the SO 4 -Mg composition. These waters are also marked by anomalously high concentrations of heavy and nonferrous metals, as well as REE, U, and Th. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-17 DOI 10.1134/S0024490211060101 Authors V. Yu. Lavrushin, Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevskii per. 7, Moscow, 119017 Russia A. R. Gruzdev, FGU Wrangel Island State Reserve, Chukotka administrative district, Chaun region, Pevek, ul. Obrucheva 38, 689400 Russia Journal Lithology and Mineral Resources Online ISSN 1608-3229 Print ISSN 0024-4902 Journal Volume Volume 47 Journal Issue Volume 47, Number 1
    Print ISSN: 0024-4902
    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3229
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
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    Mineralized biota from the neoproterozoic Uluntui Formation (2011)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-31
    Description:    First finds of microfossils from the silicified microphytolitic carbonates of the Uluntui Formation in the southwestern Baikal region are described. They are represented by remains of the cyanobacterial community that formed microphytolites. These microfossils are accompanied by acritarchs probably belonging to green algae. The silicified microfossils are sufficiently well preserved despite complete and repeated recrystallization of host primary carbonate rocks. Main phases of secondary mineralization are related to hydrothermal-metasomatic processes, which were likely provoked by collisional events on the southern flank of the Siberian Craton in the Silurian. Content Type Journal Article Pages 89-97 DOI 10.1134/S0024490212010063 Authors A. M. Stanevich, Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Lermontova 128, Irkutsk, 664033 Russia A. M. Mazukabzov, Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Lermontova 128, Irkutsk, 664033 Russia T. A. Kornilova, Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Lermontova 128, Irkutsk, 664033 Russia E. N. Maksimova, Irkutsk State Pedagogical University, ul. Nizhnyaya Naberezhnaya 6, Irkutsk, 664011 Russia Journal Lithology and Mineral Resources Online ISSN 1608-3229 Print ISSN 0024-4902 Journal Volume Volume 47 Journal Issue Volume 47, Number 1
    Print ISSN: 0024-4902
    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3229
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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